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Bi tp ln thit kqu trnh cng nghha hc

Nhm 5 LHDK54A-TH Page1

TRNG I HC M- A CHT

Bmn: Lc Ha - Du

BI TP NHM

Ging vin hng dn: Phm Trung Kin

Nhm sinh vin thc hin: 1) Nguyn ha lan (0964040031)

2) V ThL (0964040032)

3) inh Trng Lnh (0964040033)

4) H ThLc (0964040034)

5) Phm c Mnh (0964040035)

6) L Xun Minh (0964040036)

Lp: K54A-TH lc ha du

Tn Ti: thit lp dn thit kqu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t

Ethylen oxit v Nc vi cng sut 100000lb/hr


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Li mu

Chng ta ang sng trong mt x hi hin i v vn ang trn pht trin mnh

m. Cht lng cuc sng con ngi ang dn c ci thin th nhu cu vtinh thn v

vt cht ngy cng cao ,v vy cc ngnh cng nghtrn ton thgii khng ngngtm ti v nghin cu ua ra c cc sn phm ph hp vi i hi ca thtrng.

Trong cng nghip ha cht cng khng phi ngoi l. y l mt trong nhng ngnh

cng nghip mi nhn. N khng nhng mang li ngun li ng k,m cn thc y cc

ngnh khc pht trin theo.

Cng vi s pht trin ca cng nghip, ngnh cng nghip ha du ngy cng pht

trin mnh mv chim mt vtr v cng quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc vi mc ch

chyu l gii quyt vn nguyn liu cho sn xut cng nghip, dn dng Tuy ra

i c mun hn cc ngnh khc, nhng khnng ng dng ca n l v cng rng ln.

Hu ht cc vt liu trong kthut v i sng ngy nay u c thay thbng nhiu

loi vt liu mi c tng hp tcc ngun nguyn liu trong cng nghip du m.

Do vic sn sut cc hp cht ha hc tngun nguyn liu lc du ngy cng gia

tng ng k. Mt trong nhng loi ha cht c sn xut nhiu l ethylen glycol.

Ethylen glycol l mt cht c nhiu ng dng trong ngnh cng nghip ha cht, l

nguyn liu trung gian cho qu trnh sn xut nha alkyd, nha polyesterv n c

nhiu ng dng rng ri nh lm gim nhit ng nh hnc, khnng ht m, bn ha hc cao

Chnh v thm vic tm hiu cng nghsn xut ethylen glycol l rt cn thit. c

bit l nh my sn xut ethylen glycol bng qu trnh hydrat ha ethylene oxit. l l

do chng em chn ti : thit lp dn thit kqu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol t

Ethylen oxit v Nc vi cng sut 100000lb/hr .

thc hin c bi tp ny,xin cm n sgip v ging dy nhit tnh

ca thy gio Phm Trung Kin, cng tc ti bmn Lc Ha Dukhoa Du KhH Ma Cht. Do thi gian khng nhiu, kin thc vmn hc cn thiu st nn

trong bi tp ln ny cn nhng sai lm v nhc im, mong thy gio thng cm v

gip . Chng em chn thnh cm n!

Thanh Ha, ngy 14 thng 11 nm 2013.


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Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

1. Nguyn Hu Lan2. V ThL3.

inh Trng Lnh4. H ThLc

5. Phm c Mnh6. L Xun Minh


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CHNG I MU

1. Gii thiu vEthyleneGlycol (EG)Etylen glycol , 1,2-ethanediol, c cng thc cu to : HOCH2CH2OH, (Mr62.07) vi tnthng gi l Glycol l mt ru hai nhm chc n gin nht. c sn xut u tin

bi WUZT bng cch cho phn ng gia 1,2-dibromoethan vi CH3COOAg to sn

phm diEtylen acetat este,sau sdng H2phn hueste thnh Etylenglycol.

E.G c sdng u tin trong i chin thgii I vi vai tr sn xut thuc n

(Etylen glycol dinitrate) v sau ny thnh mt trong nhng sn phm cng nghip quan

trng

Nng sut ton thgii sn xut Etylen Glycol theo phn ng thuphn Etylen Oxit c

tnh khong 7.106t/a.

E.G c sdng trong lm cht chng ng trong bphn lm mt ca ng c t,v

ng thi l nguyn liu quan trng cho vic sn xut si polyester.

2. Tnh cht vt l ca EG:

E.G l cht lng khng mu khng mi v c vngt n rt ho nc v c thtan hon

ton trong rt nhiu dung mi phn cc nh nc,ru,E.O v aceton. Tuy nhin i vi

cc dung mi khng phn cc nh Benzen,Toluen,Diclo Etan,cloroform,khnng ho

tan ca E.G vi chng khng phi l cao lm.

3. Tnh cht ha hc ca EG:

Etylen glycol c tnh cht ho hc ca mt ru hai chc thng thng. y,ta chch

n nhng tnh cht ha hc c bit v nhng phn ng quan trng trong cng

nghip.Vi hai nhm chc cnh nhau cho php xy ra phn ng ng vng ete hay thc

hin phn ng trng ngng to ra nhng poly este vi cc axit a chc khc c vai tr

rt quan trng trong cng nghip.

a)Phn ng xy ho:

E.G rt ddng bxy ho bi cc tc nhn xy ho nh O2,HNO3...cho ta mt lot ccsn phm khc nhau nh glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) ,glycolic acid (HOCH2COOH),

glyoxal (CHOCHO), glyoxylic acid (HCOCOOH), oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH),

formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCOOH).Mi iu kin tin hnh phn ng s

cho ta mt sn phm chnh khc nhau.Vic xy ho E.G pha hi vi tc nhn khng kh

trn xc tc Cu to sn phm glyoxal c vai tr quan trng trong cng nghip.Cn khi


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thc hin phn ng nhm chia tch lin kt C-C kt hp xy ho sto ra sn phm l

andehyt foocmic v axit foocmic.

b)Phn ng to 1,3-dioxolan:

1,3-dioxolan l sn phm ca phn ng gia Etylen glycol vi hp cht cacbonyl.

Phn ng trn cho hiu sut cao khi ta loi nc ra khi sn phm.Phn ng ny nhmmc ch bo vnhm cacbonyl trong qu trnh phn ng tng hp hu c.

c)Phn ng to ete v este ho:

E.G c thbalkyl ho hay axyl ho to ra sn phm ete hay cc este tng ng.Tuy

nhin,vic c hai nhm chcOH sdn ti vic to sn phm mono- hoc di-

ete,mono-,di- este phthuc vo nng ban u ca mi cht phn ng.Phn ng este

ha gia E.G vi axit terephtalic to ra polyeste l mt trong nhng phn ng c ngha

ht sc quan trng trong tng hp si polyeste.

d)phn ng vi epoxy:

Phn ng ny him khi sdng trong cng nghip.

4. ng dng:

Ethylen Glycol (EG) hay cn c tn gi khc l Mono Ethylen Glicol(MEG) c cc

tnh cht nh : lm gim nhit ng nh hnc, khnng ht m, bn ho hc, kh

nng phn ng vi Ethylene oxide v cc acid khc. V thn c dng nhiu trong cc

ng dng:

a) Cht trung gian sn xut nha:Nha alkyd : Qu trnh ester ho ca EG vi polyhydric acid to ra polyester. Sau ,

Polyester ny c bin i vi cn hoc du lm kh dng lm nguyn liu cho

ngnh sn. Phn ng gia EG v acid dihydric cacboxylic hoc cc anhydride c bit

nh : Phthalic anhydride to ra alkyd resins, y l nguyn liu sn xut cao su tng hp,

keo dn hoc cc loi sn phbmt.

- Cc loi nha polyester (dng si, mng polyester v nha polyethylene terephthalate

(PET).

- Nha polyester dng trong sn xut tu thuyn, nguyn liu ngnh xy dng, thn mybay, xe hi, dt v bao b

- Si polyester thng c dng trong ngnh dt nh qun o v thm

- Mng Poliester thng c dng trong bao b v mng co trong hng ho tiu dng,

sn xut bng video, a vi tnh.

- Nha ( polyethylene terephthalate) dng sn xut chai ng nc ung (chai pet),


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thng cha v bao b thc phm.

b) Cht chng ng

- Cht chng ng lm mt dng trong ng c xe my, my bay v ng bng.

- Dung dch ti nhit ( cc bnh nn kh, gia nhit, thng gi, my lnh)

- Cht chng ng v lm mt ng c xe hi- Dng trong cc cng thc pha chhnc nh keo dn, sn latex, cc nha tng t

nh nha ng

c) Cht gim

- Dng lm cht gim trong cng nghip thuc l v xl cc nt bn, hdn, keo

dn, giy, thuc da.

d) Cc ng dng khc:

- Sn xut cht c chn mn v cht chng ng dng cho my mc c lm lnh

bng nc v cc nh my lm lnh

- Khi trn vi nc v cht kim hm c dng trong cht sinh hn. u im ca n l

khng n mn.

- Dung mi ho tan thuc nhum trong ngnh dt v thuc da.

- EG c thho tan tt thuc nhum nn n c trong qu trnh nhum mu v hon

thin g, chc dng trong trng hp bay hi thp.

- Lm nguyn liu ban u trong sn xut polyol bt ngun tEthylene oxid, cc polyol

ny c dng lm cht bi trn hoc phn ng vi isocyanates trong sn xut

polyurethanes.Khng c dng EG trong thc phm v dc.

Ta c ththy c Ethylen Glycol c ng dng rt rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh cng

nghip c bit l trong ngnh cng nghip ha cht bi vy vic sn xut EG l ht sc

cn thit.

Ni dung ca bi ton dcp n vic thit lp dn thit k qu trnh sn xut Ethylen

Glycol tEthylen Oxit v nc:


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CHNG II THIT LP DN THIT KQU TRNH SN XUT

ETHYLEN GLYCOL TETHYLEN OXIT V NC VI CNG SUT

100000lb/hr

I.).THIT KCU TRC PHN TNh chng ta bit EG l mt cht c ng dng rt rng ri trong rt nhiu lnh vc

nh ni trn do vy trc tin trc khi i vo thit kqu trnh sn xut EG t

Ethylen Glycol v Nc th chng ta phi i thit kcu trc phn tca EG

Ethylen Glycol c cng thc cu to l HO-CH2-CH2-OH

V c cu trc khng gian nh sau

Cu trc dng rng


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Cu trc dng c

Ta c mt sthng svt l vEG nh sau

Nhit im si ti 101325pa:197.600C

im nng chy: -130C

Khi lng ring ti 200C: 1.1135 g/cm3

Ttrng nD20: 1.4318

Nhit ha hi(101.3 kPa): 52.24 kJ/mol

Nhit chy: 19.7MJ/kg

Cc gi trgii hn:

Tc : 3720C

Pc: 6515.73 KPa

Vc: 0.186 L/molim chp chy thp nht: 1110C

Nhit bt chy: 4100C

Gii hn ndi: 3.2% V


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Gii hn ntrn : 58% V

nht ti 200C : 19.83 Ns/m

Hsnkhi 200C: 0.6210-3 K-1

Ethylen Glycol ngoi mono ethylene glycol cn c cc cht khc nh l: di ethyleneglycol, tri ethylene glycol, tetra ethylene glycol, poly ethylene glycol

Di y l thng svt l ca cc loi ethylene glycol

Da vo nhng thng strn vEG ta bit c nhng thng skthut ca EG mchng ta cn thit kv sn xut

II) KHI TO QU TRNH THIT KEG

Cc phng php sn xut EG

Ta c sn xut EG ta c thtin hnh bng nhiu phng php khc nhau sau y lmt sphng php sn xut EG

1) Sn xut E.G bng qu trnh hydrat ha E.OCH2CH2 + H2O HO-CH2-CH2-OH

O

2) Thy phn clohydrin etylen vi sc mt ca natri bicacbonat.


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CH2=CH2 + HClO HO-CH2-CH2-Cl

HO-CH2-CH2-Cl + NaHCO3 HO-CH2-CH2-OH + CO2+ H2O + NaCl

3) Phng php da trn qu trnh cacbonyl ha formaldehyt thnh axit glycol, sau este ha axit ny to hydrin metyl axetat, hydro phn este.

HO-CH2-COOH + CH3 HO-CH2-COOCH3

HO-CH2-COOCH3 + 2H2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH + CH3OH

4) Phng php axetoxyl ha etylen thnh diaxetat sau thy phn to glycol.

CH2=CH2 + 2CH3OH + O2 CH3COO-CH2-CH2-COOCH3+ H2O

Ho298= -125 KJ/mol

CH3COO-CH2-CH2-COOCH3+ 2H2O HO-CH2-CH2-OH + 2CH3COOH

Ho298= -17 KJ/mol

5) Phng php tng hp EG mt giai on i tnguyn liu etylen, xc tc c sdng c cha ion talic trong dung dch HCl.

CH2=CH2 + H2O + O2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH

6) Phng php i t kh tng hp c s dng cht xc tc cha phc carodicacbonyl.

2CO + 3H2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH+ p sut : 140-340 MPa

+ Nhit : 125-130 oC+ Sn phm ph: metyl format, metanol, nc.

7) Phng php hydro ha n-butyl oxalat thnh EG v n-butyl ancol. Butyl oxalatc to bi qu trnh oxi cacbonyl ha n-butanol trong pha lng:


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2n-C4H9OH + 2CO + O2 (n-C4H9COO)2 + H2O

(n-C4H9COO)2 + 4H2 Cu-Cr HO-CH2-CH2-OH + 2n-C4H9OH

Trn y l nhng cch iu chEG tuy nhin phng php iu chEG tEthylenoxit v nc cho ta hiu sut cng nh gi thnh cao do vy chng ta snghin ca qutrnh sn xut EG tethylene oxit v nc

Ta c phng trnh phn ng iu chEG tethylene oxit v nc nh sau

CH2CH2 + H2O HO-CH2-CH2-OH

O H=-79.4 kJ/mol

Ngoi phn ng chnh trn ra th c c thsy ra nhng phn ng sau:CH2CH2 + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)2-H

O

2CH2CH2 + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)3-H

O

nCH2CH2 + HO-CH2-CH2-OH HO-(CH2CH2O)n+1-H

O

Nh vy ngoi mono ethylene glycol l sn phm chnh ra th chng ta cn c cc snphm phnng hn mono ethylene glycol nh l di ethylene glycol tri ethylene glycol vcc poly ethylene glycol

Do vy sau khi phn ng xong th chng ta cn phi tinh chsn phm EG nh mongmun sau y l s khi v s cng nghn gin ca qu trnh sn xut EG tethylene oxit v nc

III) Xy da s cng nghv s khi ca qu trnh sn xut EG tethylene glycolv nc


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S khi qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol tEthylen oxit v nc

Nc

H2O

Thit bphn ng

Thit blm kh

Thit btinh chsn phmDiethylenGlycol

MonoethylenGlycol

Triethylen

Glycol

Ethylen oxit

C2H4O


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S cng dng qu trnh sn xut Ethylen Glycol tEthylen oxit v nc

Monoethylene Glycol

Diethylene Glycol

Triethylene Glycol

1 2 3 4 5

H H H H

Polyethylene Glycol

1.) Thit bphn ng

2.)Thp lm kh

3.)Thp tch Monoethylene Glycol

4.)Thp tch Diethylene Glycol

5.)Thp tch triethylene Glycol

H. thit btrao i nhit

Sau y l s cng nghca qu trnh sn xut EG tethylene oxit v nctrong cng nghip

H2O

C2H4O


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Thuyt minh s cng ngh: ethylene oxide v hi nc a vo thit btrnnguyn liu u chng c thtrn ln vo nhau. Hn hp c trao i nhit vi dnghi nc ngng tvng sy lm nng hn hp nguyn liu. Hn hp tip tc c gianhit n nhit khong 200oC v c a vo thit bhydrat ha. Ti thit bhydratha cc phn ng to EG xy ra. Sn phm i ra khi thit bl hn hp cc etylenglycol (mono-, di-, tri-, polyetylen glycol ) v nc.Dng sn phm c avo vng sy c ht chn khng tch phn ln lng ncv lng nc avo ban u tngi nhiu so vi Etyle Oxit). vng sy bao gm

cc thit bl cc thp bay hic thit bgia nhit ythp (gia nhit bng thit bgianhit ythp hoc trao i nhit vi dng sn phm ca thit btrc ).Dng sn

phm ira khi vng sy l mt phn nhnc v hn hp cc etylen glycol.

Sn phm tip tc c avo thit bdehydrat ha (thit bl thp chngluyn )tch trit nc nh thp.Nc c tun hon vthit btrn ban u. ythp

bao gm hn hp cc EG.


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Hnhpcchuynqua thp tch monoetylenglycol thong quabmly tm. ythit

bc thitbgia nhitythp nng nhitln cao (198oC


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Hnh: Thnh phn sn phm thu c tqu trnh thy phn theo tlEO/H

a- l monoethylen glycol

b- l diethylen glycol

c- l tri ethylene glycol

d- l cc poly ethylene glycol

v EG sau khi c tinh chth n phi m bo c cc chtiu vcht lng nh sau:


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Vic to thnh cc sn phm phtrn l khng thtrnh khi do phn ng ca etylenoxyt vi etylen glycol sinh ra nhanh hn l phn ng ca n vi nc.Hiu sut to sn

phm phc thc xl bng cch cho d tht nhiu H2O.Thng c thsdng smol nc gp 20 ln so vi etylen oxyt.

Ngi ta cng c thsdng H2SO4 lm xc tc cho qu trnh,nhng thc tkhngcn vy v hiu sut ca n chcao hn hiu sut phn ng thuphn khng cn xc

tc.Theo nghin cu th sc khong 90% etylen oxyt c chuyn ha thnh mono-etylen glycol.Cn 10% thnh cc dng khc.

Sau khi ri khi thit bphn ng,sn phm sc lm sch bng cc ct chng vip sut gim dn.

Nc c quay trli thit bphn ng, cn cc sn phm ln lt c tch rabng cc ct chng luyn nh trn s trn.Thc tth nng ca tri-E.G l qu b nhn bit c.Nhit gii phng tthit bphn ng sc sdng cho qu trnhchng ct.Cn phi ch ti cc sn phm phnh andedyt ho c thxy ra.Hnh dng

ca thit bphn ng sgip gim thiu phn ng ny v tng hiu quchn lc ca snphm chnh.

qu trnh xy ra vi chn lc cao hn,nhit thp hn v lng nc yucu gim i,th cn phi c xc tc.Hn na , vic c xc tc gip cho vic phn tch vsau ddng hn.Tuy nhin cho ti nay th mi xc tc cho qu trnh thuphn ny chachng tc hiu qukinh tca n.


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thc hin qu trnh t hiu sut nh mong mun th chng ta c cc thng sviu kin vn hnh ca qu trnh ny nh sau:

Nguyn liu ethylene oxit c pha long bng hn hp nc vi oxit:tl20-25/1 Thit bphn ng p sut 1.5 Mpa, nhit u vo 1500C, nhit u ra 200-

2100C. Cht xc tc: H+ Thi gian lu: 45 pht dn mt gi chn lc ca sn phm: 88.5% mol EG, 10.5% DEG, 0.5%TEGTrn y l nhng thng scn thit cho qu trnh thit kv sn xut EG tethylene

oxit v nc.IV) thit kiu khin cho qu trnh sn xut EG tethylene oxit v nc.


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SP xSP

vapour

SP

Ethylene oxit

Nc

duty

SP liquid

TSP

S iu khin qu trnh

REACTOR

TT

TCFC

FT AT

AC

FT

FC

LT LC

FT

FC


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Thuyt minh s iu khin

Ta c phn ng ca chng ta y l phn ng ta nhit do vy chng ta cn iu khinnhit u ra ca thit bdo vy chng ta cn mt dng nng lng c thiukhin c nhit u ra nh mong mun y chng ta dng dng nng lng dutyduy tr nhit u ra cho thit bphn ng

Dng sn phm ra y ca thit bphn ng v chng ta siu khin nhit cadng sn phm ra y ca thit bphn ng.

Dng sn phm sau khi c i ra y ca thit bphn ng th sc mt kh co vchuyn i nhit TT v tc ng n thit biu khin TC v so snh vi gi trnhitt trc TSPy gi tr TSP= 200

0C sau khi so snh vi gi trTSPth n stcng n thit biu khin lng FC ti thit biu khin la lng FC th n ssosnh vi thit bchuyn i la lng FT v gi trSP v sau stc ng n thit bchp hnh y l van v n siu chnh dng la lng duty duy tr nhit dngu ra = 2000C thu c hiu sut cao nht

Do y l thit bphn ng CSTR do vy mt bin chung ta cn iu khin l mc

cht lng trong thit bphn ng

iu khin mc cht lng trong thit bphn ng chng ta sdng kh co vchuyn i mc LT sau y n stc ng n thit biu khin mc LC v tin hnhso snh vi gi trt SP v gi trSP.y SP = 85%v sau n stc ng n thit

biu khin la lng FC v y th n stin hnh iu khin la lng dng u raca sn phm m bo c ma cht lng trong thit bphn ng theo yu cu.thit

biu khin FC stc ng n thit bchp hnh y l van v iu khin la lngdng u ra

Bin thba chng ta cn iu khin y l cn iu khin thnh phn ca EthylenGlycol sn phm iu khin bin ny th chng ta tin hnh iiu khin la lngca Ethylen Oxit u vo nh sau

Sn phm ra y ca thit bphn ng v c kh cchuyn i v phn tch AT tcng n thit biu khin phn tch AC v n stin hnh so snh vi gi trt trcxSPv y xsp= 0.05 phn mol sau y n stc ng n thit biu khin la lng


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FC v tc ng vo thit bchp hnh l van iu khin la lng ca Ethylen Oxit thu c lng sn phm nh mong mun

Trn y l ton bqu trnh iu khin thit bphn ng CSTR thu c nng sutnh mong mun

Qu trnh iu khin sc thhin bng vic sdng phn mn HYSYS trong phnsau

V) M phng tnh nh gi qu trnh bng vic sdng phn mn HYHYS

Bng vic ng dng phn mn hysys ta tnh ton s bc cn bng vt cht cho qutrnh sn xut EG tEO v nc nh sau

6.1 lb/h ethylene oxit

7.137104lb/h ethylene oxit

511272lb/h nc

5.4105lb/h nc

100000lb/hr EG

Ta c kt qum phng tnh qu trnh bng vic sdng phn mn HYSYS nh sau

Qu trnh m phng tnh c gn trong file nh km v cho kt qunh sau:

reactor


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Bng kt ca qu trnh nh sau:


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Nhn vo kt qutrn ta thy rng chuyn ha ca ethylene oxit t 99.99%

VI) M phng ng qu trnh

Qu trnh m phng ng c thhin trong file nh km

VII) c tnh cu hnh thit b,ti a ha ,tnh ton kinh t

VII.1)c tnh cu hnh thit b

Kt quca qu trnh HYSYS cho ta kt qunh sau

Nh vy ta c thtch ca thb V = 70.63 ft3

ng knh ca thit bphn ng D =3.914 ft

Chiu cao ca thit bphn ng H = 5.871 ft

tnh ton thit bphn ng chng ta c thsdng cun elements of chemical reationengineering tnh ton thtch v cc thng sca thit bphn ng.


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