Bài Giảng DTM Thầy Huy

nh gi tc ng mi trng

Trnh Quang HuyB mn Cng ngh Mi trng

Khi nim chungnh ngha v Mi trng theo Lut BVMT Vit Nam 2005: Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v yu t vt cht nhn to quan h mt thit vi nhau, bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng n i sng, sn xut, s tn ti v pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin (iu 1 Lut BVMT-2003).Cc thnh phn ca mi trng: C th chia ra lm 3 thnh phn MT chnhMi trng t nhin bao gm cc nhn t thin nhin: vt l, ho hc, sinh hc tn ti khch quan ngoi mun ca con ngi hoc t chu chi phi bi con ngi.Mi trng x hi l ng th cc mi quan h gia cc c th con ngi. Mi trng nhn to bao gm nhng nhn t vt l, sinh hc, x hi do con ngi to nn v chu s chi phi ca con ngi

S v mi quan h gia

Mt s thut ng cn ch H sinh thi: l mt h thng cc qun th sinh vt, sng chung, v pht trin trong mt mi trng nht nh, quan h tng tc vi nhau v vi mi trng (iu 2-9; Lut BVMT).a dng sinh hc l s phong ph v ngun gen, v ging, loi sinh vt (ng vt, thc vt, vi sinh vt...) v h sinh thi t nhin.Ch tiu mi trng hoc ch th mi trng (factors, Indicators) l nhng i lng biu hin cc c trng ca mi trng ti mt trng thi xc nh.Thng s mi trng (Parameters): L nhng i lng vt l, ha hc, sinh hc c th c trng cho mi trng ni chung v mi trng t ni ring c kh nng phn nh tnh cht ca mi trng trng thi nghin cu (k c t v t ai).Tiu chun MT (Standards): Gi tr c ban hnh bi quc gia, t chc trong vn mi trng nhim mi trng: l s bin i cc thnh phn mi trng khng ph hp vi tiu chun mi trng gy nh hng xu n con ngi, sinh vtGi tr nn (Alternative Value): Gi tr vn c trong mi trng Ch s mi trng (Indices, Indexes): l gi tr c tnh ton trong mt iu kin mi trng no (kh, nc, t) theo mt s thng s mi trng c mi trng . Gi tr cc thng s mi trng ny thu c nh cc php o lin tip trong mt khong thi gian di hoc mt s php o ln.

Suy thoi mi trng l s suy gim v cht lng v s lng cc thnh phn mi trng gy nh hng xu i vi con ngi v sinh vt.Cht gy nhim l cht vt th rn, lng, kh c thi t xn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, sinh hot hoc cc hot ng khc.Ph liu l sn phm, vt liu b loi tr t qu trnh sn xut hoc tiu dng c thu hi lm nguyn liu sn xut.Cht thi l vt liu th rn, lng, kh c thi t sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, sinh hot hoc cc hot ng khc.Cht thi nguy hi l cht thi cha cc yu t c hi, phng x, d chy, d n, d n mn, d ly nhim, gy ng c hoc c tnh nguy hi khcSc ti ca mi trng l gii hn cho php m mi trng c th tip nhn v hp thu cc cht gy nhim. Qun l cht thi l hot ng phn loi, thu gom, vn chuyn, gim thiu, ti s dng, ti ch, x l, tiu hy, thi loi cht thi.

Quan trc mi trng l qu trnh theo di c h thng v mi trng, cc yu t tc ng nhm cung cp thng tin ph v nh gi hin trng, din bin cht lng mi trng v cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng.

Thng tin v mi trng bao gm s liu, d liu v cc thnh phn mi trng; v tr lng, gi tr sinh thi, gi tr kinh t ca cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin; v cc tc ng i vi mi trng; v cht thi; v mc mi trng b nhim, suy thoi v thng tin v cc vn mi trng khc.

Pht trin bn vng l pht trin p ng c cc nhu cu hin ti m khng lm tn hi n kh nng p ng nhu cu ca th h tng lai trn c s kt hp cht ch, hi ha gia tng trng kinh t, bo m tin b x hi v bo v mi trng.

Quan h gia pht trin v mi trngPht trin kinh t - x hi, thng gi tt l pht trin, l qu trnh nng cao iu kin sng v vt cht v tinh thn ca con ngi bng pht trin lc lng sn xut, quan h x hi, nng cao cht lng hot ng vn ho. Pht trin l xu hng t nhin ca mi c nhn con ngi hoc cng ng cc con ngi.Trong thc t lun lun song song tn ti hai h thng: h thng kinh t - x hi v h thng mi trng. - H thng kinh t x hi cu thnh bi cc thnh phn sn xut, lu thng-phn phi, tiu dng v tu lu, to nn mt dng nguyn liu, nng lng, hng ho, ph thi, lu thng gia cc phn t cu thnh h thng. - H thng mi trng vi cc thnh phn mi trng thin nhin v mi trng x hi.Khu vc giao gia hai h to thnh mi trng nhn to. C th xem nh l kt qu tch lu mt hot ng tch cc hoc tiu cc ca con ngi trong qu trnh pht trin trn a bn mi trng.

Mi trng thin nhin cung cp ti nguyn cho h kinh t ng thi tip nhn cht thi t h kinh t. Cht thi ny c th li hn trong mi trng thin nhin, hoc qua ch bin ri tr li h kinh t.Mt hot ng sn xut m cht thi khng th s dng tr li c vo h kinh t c xem nh l hot ng gy tn hi n mi trng.Lng ph ti nguyn khng ti to c, s dng ti nguyn ti to c mt cch qu mc l cho n khng th phc hi li c cng l cc hot ng gy tn hi mi trng.

TM c nhim v pht hin, nh gi mc nghim trng v xut bin php khc phc hoc nh ch.

Lgic trong tm hiu tc ng mi trngM hnh p lc Trng thi - p ng (PSR) ca UNEPM u t m t trng thi, State, bc ny gi tt l S,Tin sang phn tch trng thi c m t vi xem xt p lc gy nn trng thi , Pressure, bc ny gi tt l PS,Tin thm mt bc xem xt cc p ng ca con ngi gy nh hng ti tnh trng S, l cc p ng Response, bc ny gi tt l PSR,

M hnh ng lc p lc Trng thi p ng (DPSIR)D - Driving forces, c th gi l lc thc y nguyn nhn ca p lc. D l cc s pht trin chung trong dn chng nh: nng nghip, cng nghip, giao thng vn ti ...B sung xem xt cc tc ng, Impacts, ca cc vn tn ti, bc ny gi tt PSIR, Xem xt cc p ng Response ca con ngi trc tnh trng mi trng m t, dn ti m hnh DPSIR.

ng lc (Driving forces), c th gi l lc thc y nguyn nhn ca p lc. ng lc l cc s pht trin chung trong dn chng nh: nng nghip, cng nghip, giao thng vn ti ...p lc (Pressure): ca t nhin v con ngi ln trng thi mi trng chnh l cc vn ng, hot ng sn xut pht trin, v vy, n lm thay i trng thi c.Trng thi (State): Trng thi hoc tnh trng mi trng ca mt khu vc hoc quc gia chnh l trng thi ch yu ca mi trng trn hai phng din: tnh trng vt l - sinh hc v tnh trng kinh t - x hi.Tc ng (Impact): L cc hot ng ca con ngi gy ra cc bin i v mi trng c hai phng din li v hi. p ng (Response): p ng vi p lc chnh l t nhng thay i trong mi trng (nh hiu ng nh knh - do kh thi CH4 tng; t l ngi cht tng khi pht sinh dch bnh, nhim c mi trng) v p ng ch ng ca con ngi (nh: x l thi, bo v a dng sinh hc, s dng nc v nng lng tit kim, thay i th ch v lut, p ng c th trong cng ng...)

Lch s ra iQL

Xem xt s thay i ca vic ban hnh cc Thng t, Ngh nh lin quan n DTM

1. NH NGHA NH GI TC NG MI TRNGnh gi tc ng mi trng l mt hot ng c t ra xc nh v d bo nhng tc ng i vi mi trng sinh - a - l, i vi sc kho cuc sng hnh phc ca con ngi, to nn bi cc d lut, cc chnh sch, chng trnh, n v th tc lm vic ng thi din gii v thng tin v cc tc ng (Munn.R.E. 1979).nh gi tc ng mi trng l s xem xt mt cch c h thng cc hu qu v mi trng ca cc n, chnh sch v chng trnh vi mc ch chnh l cung cp cho ngi ra quyt nh mt bn lit k v tnh ton cc tc ng m cc phng n hnh ng khc nhau c th em li (Clark, Brian D,1980).nh gi tc ng mi trng l nghin cu cc hu qu ti mi trng ca mt hnh ng c ngh. Tu theo tc ng v quy m ca hnh ng, ni dung nh gi tc ng mi trng c th bao gm cc nghin cu v kh hu, h thc vt, ng vt, xi mn t, sc kho ca con ngi, vn di dn, cng n vic lm; c ngha l tt c cc tc ng v vt l, sinh hc, x hi hc v tc ng khc. Ahmad.yusuf. 1985.

Xem xt nhng nh ngha c xut, cn c s pht trin v l lun v thc tin ca nh gi tc ng mi trng trong thi gian qua, c th khi qut khi nim v nh gi tc ng mi trng nh sau:

nh gi tc ng mi trng ca hot ng pht trin kinh t - x hi ( giai on xy dng d n) l vic xc nh, phn tch v d bo nhng tc ng c li v c hi trc mt v lu di m hot ng c th gy ra i vi mi trng v con ngi ti ni c lin quan ti hot ng pht trin, trn c s xut cc bin php phng trnh, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc.Do c nhng nt c th Vit Nam, nn Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 27 thng 12 nm 1993 a ra nh ngha ring v TM nh sau: nh gi tc ng mi trng l qu trnh phn tch, nh gi, d bo nh hng n mi trng ca cc d n, quy hoch pht trin kinh t-x hi ca cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh, cng trnh kinh t, khoa hc-k thut, y t, vn ho, x hi, an ninh, quc phng v cc cng trnh khc, xut cc gii php thch hp v bo v mi trng. (Ch1, iu 2, im 11)

nh ngha TM theo Lut BVMT sa i, 2006:TM l vic phn tch, d bo cc tc ng n MT ca d n u t c th a ra cc bin php BVMT khi trin khai d n . (Ch 1, iu 3, im 20)nh ngha TM chin lc theo lut BVMT sa i, 2006:TM CL l vic phn tch, d bo cc tc ng n MT ca d n chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin trc khi ph duytnhm m bo pht trin bn vng. (Ch 1, iu 3, im 19)

MC CH CA NH GI TC NG MI TRNGTM c mc ch c th l gp thm t liu khoa hc cn thit cho vic quyt nh ph duyt mt d n pht trin (trng hp ca Vit Nam l c c s ang hot ng). Trc lc c khi nim c th v TM, vic quyt nh mt d n pht trin thng da ch yu vo phn tch tnh hp l, kh thi v ti u v kinh t v k thut. Nhn t v mi trng b b qua hoc khng c ch ng mc do khng c cng c phn tch thch hp. Th tc TM c th l vic bt buc phi c bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (Bo co TM) trong h s xt duyt kinh t - k thut (mt cch cht ch c th gi l h s kinh t - k thut - mi trng) s gip cho c quan xt duyt d n c iu kin a ra mt quyt nh ton din v ng n hn v d n pht trin .

1. GTMT nhm cung cp mt quy trnh xem xt tt c cc tc ng c hi n mi trng ca cc chnh sch, chng trnh, hot ng v ca cc d n. N gp phn loi tr cch "ng ca" ra quyt nh, nh vn thng lm trc y, khng tnh n nh hng mi trng trong cc khu vc cng cng v t nhn.2. GTMT to ra c hi c th trnh by vi ngi ra quyt nh v tnh ph hp ca chnh sch, chng trnh, hot ng, d n v mt mi trng ra quyt nh c tip tc thc hin hay khng.3. i vi cc chng trnh, chnh sch, hot ng, d n c chp nhn thc hin th GTMT to ra c hi trnh by s phi kt hp cc iu kin c th gim nh tc ng c hi ti mi trng.4. GTMT to ra phng thc cng ng c th nh gp cho qu trnh ra quyt nh thng qua cc ngh bng vn bn hoc kin gi ti ngi ra quyt nh. Cng chng c th tham gia vo qu trnh ny trong cc cuc hp cng khai hoc trong vic ho gii gia cc bn (thng l bn gy tc ng v bn cha tc ng)

5. Vi GTMT, ton b qu trnh pht trin c cng khai xem xt mt cch ng thi li ch ca tt c cc bn: bn xut d n, Chnh ph v cng ng. iu gp phn la chn c d n tt hn thc hin.6. Nhng d n m v c bn khng t yu cu hoc t sai v tr th c xu hng t loi tr, khng phi thc hin GTMT v tt nhin l khng cn c n s cht vn ca cng chng.7. Thng qua GTMT, nhiu d n c chp nhn nhng phi thc hin nhng iu kin nht nh, chng hn ch d n phi m bo qu trnh o c gim st, lp bo co hng nm hoc phi c phn tch sau d n v kim ton c lp.8. Trong GTMT phi xt c n cc kh nng thay th, chng hn nh cng ngh, a im t d n phi c xem xt ht sc cn thn.9. GTMT c coi l cng c phc v pht trin, khuyn khch pht trin tt hn v tr gip cho tng trng kinh t.10. Trong nhiu trng hp, GTMT chp nhn s pht thi, k c pht thi kh nh knh cng nh vic s dng khng hp l ti nguyn mc no y - ngha l chp nhn pht trin, tng trng kinh t.

NGHA CA NH GI TC NG MI TRNGTM c ngha ht sc quan trng trong vic xt duyt v quyt nh thc hin mt d n pht trin, nhng n ch l mt nhn t bn cnh nhng nhn t khc ca s quyt nh nh: nhn t k thut, kinh t, x hi...

TM khng c ngha ph quyt i vi quyt nh chung. Ngi c trch nhim quyt nh cng nh ngi xy dng Bo co TM khng nn i lp vn bo v mi trng vi vn pht trin. Phng php lm vic hp l nht l ho nhp TM vi vic nh gi kinh t - k thut - x hi trong tt c cc bc ca d n pht trin

GTMT khuyn khch cng tc quy hoch tt hn. Vic xem xt k lng d n v nhng d n c kh nng thay th t cng tc GTMT s gip cho d n hot ng c hiu qu hn.GTMT c th tit kim c thi gian v tin ca trong thi hn pht trin di. Qua cc nhn t mi trng tng hp c xem xt n trong qu trnh ra quyt nh giai on quy hoch m cc c s v Chnh ph trnh c nhng chi ph khng cn thit v i khi trnh c nhng hot ng lm, phi khc phc trong tng lai.GTMT gip cho Nh nc, cc c s v cng ng c mi lin h cht ch hn. Cc ng gp ca cng ng trc khi d n c u t, hot ng c th nng cao mi lin h cng ng v m bo hiu qu u t.

V TR CA CNG C NH GI TC NG MI TRNG TRONG TIN TRNH HOT NG PHT TRIN Thng thng hin nay, cc nc trn Th gii tin hnh hot ng pht trin kinh t x hi theo mt tin trnh t u n cui. D n i vo vn hnh trong thc t thng c gi l C s hot ng.

a s cc nc p dng cc cng c qun l v bo v mi trng trong tin trnh pht trin ni chung nh sau: Cng c nh gi mi trng chin lc (MC) p dng i vi d n v chnh sch/chin lc, chng trnh, quy hoch/k hoch; Cng c TM p dng i vi cc d n u t; v Cng c Kim ton mi trng (KTMT) i vi cc c s i vo hot ng.TMMCKTMT

Vit Nam, TM c coi nh l mt cng cvn nng p dng cho tt c cc giai on ca tin trnh pht trin:

I TNG CA TMNhm A: L nhng d n nht thit phi tin hnh GTMT y , ngha l phi lp, duyt bo co GTMT v kim sot sau khi d n i vo hot ng. Thuc v nhm ny l nhng d n c th gy tc ng ln, lm thay i cc thnh phn mi trng, c mi trng x hi, vt l v sinh hc.Nhm B: Khng cn tin hnh GTMT y nhng phi kim tra cc tc ng mi trng. Thng th nhng d n thuc nhm ny l d n c quy m nh hn cc d n thuc nhm A.Nhm C: L nhm cc d n khng phi tin hnh GTMT. Thng th nhng d n ny khng gy tc hi ng k hoc nhng tc ng c th khc phc c.

PHN LOI D N HIN NAYD nLp bo co mi trng chin lcLp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) n bo v mi trng

D N LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNGTi khon 4 iu 22 Lut Bo v mi trng 2005 quy nh: Cc d n thuc din phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ch c ph duyt, cp php u t, xy dng, khai thc sau khi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duytDo , cc d n u t vo KCN thuc din phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng phi tun th quy nh nu trn trc khi cp giy chng nhn u t.

D n phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c quy nh ti Ph lc I km theo Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 (iu 6, ngh inh 80), Ngh nh 21/ND ngy 28/2/2008, Thng t 08/TT BTNMT 8/9/2006 v TT 05/TT BTNMT ngy 05/12/2008Ph lc gm 102 loi d n. Cn c phn loi d n thuc din phi lp bo co nh gi mi trng l: loi hnh d n v quy m. Sau y l bng trch dn mt s loi d n thuc din phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

DANH MC D N PHI LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

TTD NQUY M10D n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, cm cng nghip, khu ch xut, cm lng ngh.Tt c16D n xy mi, nng cp, ci to nhng cng trnh giao thngi hi ti nh c t 2.000 ngi tr ln17D n nh my ng, sa cha tu thyTu trong ti t 1.000 DWT tr ln19D n xy dng, ci to, nng cp cng sng, cng binTu trong ti t 1.000 DWT tr ln26D n kho xng duDung tch 1.000 m3 tr ln

Bai giang ngan ve DTM

TTD NQUY M27D n sn xut sn phm ha du (cht hot ng b mt, cht ha do, metanol)Tt c28D n v sinh sc ra tuTt c30D n nh my nhit inCng sut t 50 MW tr ln33D n nh my cn, luyn gang thp v kim loi muCng sut thit k t 5.000 tn sp/nm tr ln34D n nh my sn xut cht doCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln


TTD NQUY M35D n sn xut phn ha hcCng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln46D n nh my sn xut gch ngiCng sut thit k t 20 triu vin/nm tr ln47D n nh my sn xut vt liu xy dng khcCng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln55D n nh my ch bin thc phmCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln65D n nh my sn xut nc Cng sut thit k t 500 cy nc /ngy m hoc t 25.000 kg nc /ngy m tr ln


TTD NQUY M68D n nh my thuc daTt c69D n nh my dt c nhumTt c71D n nh my c kh, ch to my mc, thit bCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln72D n nh my ch bin g,vn pCng sut thit k t 100.000 m2/nm tr ln73D n nh my sn xut cc thit b in, in t Cng sut thit k t 10.000 thit b/nm tr ln74D n nh my sn xut linh kin in, in t Cng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln


Cc c quan lin quan ti l trnh thc hin TMTh tng chnh ph y ban ND tnh y ban nhn dn HuynB TNMTS TNMTPhng TNMTC quan t vnCng ng

L trnh ca TM

i tng thc hin bo co TMTrch nhim: - Thc hin bo co- Thc thi cc yu cu ca hi ng- Chu chi ph thc hin bo co- Chu chi ph thc hin cc bin php BVMT

i tng thm nh bo co TMUBND cp tnhD n thuc thm quynph duyt ca mnh, tr d n Lin ngnh, lin tnh

D N THUC THM QUYN PH DUYT CA B TI NGUYN V MI TRNGDanh mc d n lin ngnh, lin tnh thuc trch nhim thm nh v ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c quy nh ti Ph lc II Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP (iu 7, ngh nh 80).Mt s loi hnh d n c lin quan nh: D n nh my nhit in cng sut t 300 MW n di 500 MW cch khu th, dn c tp trung di 02 km, D n nh my nhit in khc cng sut 500 MW tr ln; D n nh my sn xut ha cht c bn, thuc bo v thc vt, cht ty ra ph gia, phn ha hc cng sut t 20.000 tn sp/nm tr ln; D n xy dng kt cu h tng KCN, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu du lch v vui chi gii tr c din tch t 200 ha tr ln; D n luyn gang thp c cng sut thit k t 300.000 tn sp/nm tr lnThi gian thm nh: ti a 45 ngy k t ngy nhn h s hp l

D N THUC THM QUYN PH DUYT CA UBND TNHHin nay, i vi tnh B Ra Vng Tu, UBND tnh ra quyt nh s 2892/Q-UBND ngy 27/09/2006 v vic thnh lp hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Trong giao cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ra quyt nh thnh lp hi ng thm nh bo co TM.Hi ng thm nh theo quyt nh ca UBND tnh gm c 20 ngi l i din ca cc S, Ban, Ngnh v UBND tnh, UBND cp huyn.Tu theo d n, Gim c S TNMT s ra quyt nh thnh lp hi ng ring cho mi d n v hi ng phi ti thiu c 07 thnh vin.Thi gian thm nh:ti a l 30 ngy lm vic k t ngy nhn c h s hp l.

i tng thc thi quyt nh ph duyt bo co TMC vn bn bo co cho UBND cp huyn ni thc hin d n v quyt nh ph duyt bo co TM.Nim yt cng khai ti a im thc hin d n bn tm tt bo co TM.Bo co k hoch xy lp km theo h s thit k chi tit ca cng trnh x l mi trng cho c quan ph duyt (S TNMT) theo di, kim tra.Bo co k hoch vn hnh th nghim cc cng trnh x l mi trngBo co vic thc hin ni dung bo co TM v yu cu ca quyt nh ph duyt.Gi vn bn ngh xc nhn vic thc hin ni dung bo co TM v yu cu ca quyt nh ph duytCc mu biu bo co v vn bn c hng dn c th ti thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT

D N THUC DIN PHI NG K CAM KT BO V MI TRNGCc d n khng thuc din phi lp bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc hay bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng phi ng k cam kt bo v mi trng (iu 24, Lut bo v mi trng 2005).UBND cp huyn c trch nhim t chc ng k cam kt bo v mi trng, trng hp cn thit c th u quyn cho UBND cp x (iu 26, Lut BVMT).Thi gian ng k khng qu 5 ngy lm vic.Cc i tng ni trn ch c trin khai hot ng, sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v sau khi ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng. (Vy, vic ng k c th thc hin sau khi cp giy chng nhn u t nhng phi trc khi i vo hot ng).

BNG SO SNH

Ni dungLp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngng k bn cam kt bo v mi trngC quan thm nh/ng kB TNMT v UBND tnh (S TNMT)UBND cp huyn (UBND cp x)Giai on thc hinTrc cp php u tTrc khi i vo hot ngThi gian thm nh/ng kB TNMT- 45 ngyS TNMT- 30 ngy 5 ngy


2. TIN HNH NH GI TC NG MI TRNG KHI NO????

Chu trnh ca d n

NI DUNG C BN CA NH GI TC NG MI TRNGnh gi" bao gm c cng vic thu thp, chnh l s liu, ti liu sau tin hnh phn tch xc nh cc tc ng. nh gi y bao hm ngha xem xt, cn nhc mc tc ng. Kt qu ca vic nh gi gip cho vic quyt nh la chn c d n thch hp. nh gi mc tc ng c th da vo mt s tiu chun. Mc tc ng, mc tn tht do tc ng cn c th nh gi qua n v tin t trong cc bc nh gi chi ph - li ch m rng. Tc ng tt, c li c coi l li nhun, tc ng c hi c coi l chi ph.

Tc ng l hiu ng, l nh hng ca mt vt, mt qu trnh ny ln vt hoc qu trnh khc. Tc ng c th l tc ng theo chiu hng tch cc hoc tiu cc.Cc tc ng c th c phn loi da theo tnh cht, phm vi, mc cng nh i tng chu tc ng. Nh vy, mun nh gi tc ng phi cp c cc vn nh:Tc ng l g ? Thuc loi no?Phm vi tc ng.Thi gian tc ng.Mc tc ng.Kh nng tch lu tc ng.

Mi trng bao gm mi trng t nhin v mi trng x hi. Nhng i tng s chu nh hng v bin i bn cht vn c khi d n i vo hot ng:Mi trng t nhin: t, nc, khng kh, ti nguyn, tnh a dng sinh hc, ngun genMi trng x hi: ni c tr, dn s, lao ng, thu nhp, cc gi tr vn ha

M phng cy th mc tc ng mi trng

C th ca cc i tng chu tc ng c th xt mt s loi chnh sau :1. nhim v mi trng sinh thi: Tc ng ln khng kh, nc, ting n v mc rung, mc phng x, h ng thc vt, h sinh thi, a dng sinh hc, mc nhim bn danh thng, cnh quan t nhin v nhn to, di tch lch s vn ho, pht trin v qun l giao thng, xi mn v suy thoi t, tiu thot nc, khng gian thong, pht sinh v qun l cht thi v kh hu.2. Ti nguyn thin nhin: Tc ng ln t nng nghip, ti nguyn rng, cung cp nc (k c nc ngm), ti nguyn khong sn v ti nguyn bin, ti nguyn nng lng, vt liu xy dng, t ngp nc, rng ngp mn, san h, rng ma, vng hoang vu v rng cy bi.

3. Mi trng x hi: Tc ng ln cc m hnh ti nh c, vic lm, s dng t, nh , i sng x hi, phc li, phng tin gii tr, trang b v dch v cng cng, vn an ton, cng ng bn a, nhm thiu s, th h tr, nn tht nghip, ngi cao tui, tn tt, ph n v cc kha cnh khc ca cng ng chu tc ng.

4. Kinh t: Tc ng n c hi c vic lm; kh nng tip cn cc phng tin, dch v v vic lm; h tng c s th; kh nng la chn v gi thnh hng ho, dch v hp l, mt bng gi a phng, chi ph h tng c s v khon ng gp; thu nhp thc t, gi t v hiu ng ly tin c th.

Chu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM)

M phng quy trnh thc hin TM

CC BC THC HIN TRONG TM

BA MC TM THEO LUT VIT NAMTheo Lut BVMT 2006 ca Vit Nam qu trnh TM ca mt d n c th thc hin theo cc mc : Lp n BVMT:Lp TM chi tit, TM b sung xt theo ch tiu ngng (theo thng t v ngh nh hin hnh) Lp bn cam kt BVMT: d n khng thuc loi trn. Khng cn thit phi lp bo co TM

Thc hin theo trnh t TMLp cam kt BVMTCho php thc hinTrnh t r sot loi d n vi cc mc yu cu TM

TiN HNH TM

Lc duyt (does the project require EIA?)Xc nh phm vi (what issues and impacts should the EIA address?)nh gi hin trng (establish the environmental baseline)Cc phng n thay th (consider the different approaches)Cc phng n gim thiu tc ng (what can be done to alleviate negative impacts?) Xy dng bo co(document the EIA findings) Tham vn (consult general public and NGOs) Monitoring (monitor impacts of project)D bo tc ng (forecast the environmental impacts)nh gi tc ng (interpreting the impacts)

TRNH T TM CA MT D N

LC DUYT (SCREENING)

Xem xt nhng mc thc hin TM nh th no?Xem xt c cn thit TM?Nhiu loi d n khng nm trong nhm phi thc hin TMLc duyt l cng vic tm kim nhm xc nh cc d n c nguy c gy nh hng bt li ti mi trngC quan thc hin lc duyt:Chnh phCh d nCp c thm quyn ra quyt nh

Trnh t thc hin lc duyt

C s thc hin lc duyt:Danh mc yu cu: lit k cc loi d n phi nh gi tc ng, cc d n khng cn cc bc tip theo hoc ch thc hin cc th tc n gin.Ngng: Quy m, kch thc, sn lng c th c lp i vi cc loi d n pht trin. Cc d n vt ngng s l i tng ca nh gi tc ng mi trng.Mc nhy cm ca ni t d n cc d n ny cn phi thc hin nh gi tc ng.Thng qua kim tra cht lng mi trng ban u (hin trng mi trng khu vc thc hin d n). Kim tra cht lng mi trng s quyt nh d n c cn phi thc hin TM khng. Cc ch tiu c c c kt t cc d n i vo hot ng

Da vo danh mc v ch tiu ngngDa vo mc nhy cm ca MT v cht lng MT

DANH MC D N PHI LP BO CO TMDanh mcNgng

TTD NQUY M10D n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, cm cng nghip, khu ch xut, cm lng ngh.Tt c16D n xy mi, nng cp, ci to nhng cng trnh giao thngi hi ti nh c t 2.000 ngi tr ln17D n nh my ng, sa cha tu thyTu trong ti t 1.000 DWT tr ln19D n xy dng, ci to, nng cp cng sng, cng binTu trong ti t 1.000 DWT tr ln26D n kho xng duDung tch 1.000 m3 tr ln


TTD NQUY M27D n sn xut sn phm ha du (cht hot ng b mt, cht ha do, metanol)Tt c28D n v sinh sc ra tuTt c30D n nh my nhit inCng sut t 50 MW tr ln33D n nh my cn, luyn gang thp v kim loi muCng sut thit k t 5.000 tn sp/nm tr ln34D n nh my sn xut cht doCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln


TTD NQUY M35D n sn xut phn ha hcCng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln46D n nh my sn xut gch ngiCng sut thit k t 20 triu vin/nm tr ln47D n nh my sn xut vt liu xy dng khcCng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln55D n nh my ch bin thc phmCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln65D n nh my sn xut nc Cng sut thit k t 500 cy nc /ngy m hoc t 25.000 kg nc /ngy m tr ln


TTD NQUY M68D n nh my thuc daTt c69D n nh my dt c nhumTt c71D n nh my c kh, ch to my mc, thit bCng sut thit k t 1.000 tn sp/nm tr ln72D n nh my ch bin g,vn pCng sut thit k t 100.000 m2/nm tr ln73D n nh my sn xut cc thit b in, in t Cng sut thit k t 10.000 thit b/nm tr ln74D n nh my sn xut linh kin in, in t Cng sut thit k t 10.000 tn sp/nm tr ln


Nhu cu thng tin cn thc hin lc duytThng tin v d n: Loi d n; a im thc hin; Quy m (ha); Cng sut (tn); Cng ngh; Lao ng (ngi).

Thng tin v a im thc hin d n: iu kin t nhin (tr lng v cht lng); iu kin x hi (Dn s, lao ng, thu nhp); Mc quan tm ca cng ngThng tinDng ti liuBo co u t, s liu, s thit k, bn quy hochS liu hin trng mi trng, bn thuc tnh

Phng php lc duytDanh mc cu hi (check lists)

D n lin quan ng k n s dng lnh th hoc bin i khu vc? C khng .D n c pht thi cc cht vo khng kh thng qua vic t nhin liu, ch bin sn phm, hot ng xy dng v cc ngun thi khc? C , khng .D n cn c lng nc cp ln hoc thi lng nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip ln hay khng, C , khng .D n c cn ni rc hoc cht thi cng nghip? C , khng .D n c pht sinh ting n, nh sng chi, nhit, bc x khng? C , khng .D n c thng xuyn s dng ho cht cho vic tr su, tr c? C , khng .D n c s dng nhiu lao ng khng? C , khng .D n c lm thay i tnh trng sc kho cng ng khng? C , khng .V tr d n c thuc/ gn vng bo v, dnh ring khng? C , khng .

Kt qu lc duyt cho php quyt nh:Phi lm cam kt BVMT (thc hin iu 24 27, mc 3, chng III, lut BVMT sa i)Trng hp cn lm bo co TM chi tit th ch d n phi vch cng bo co TM chi tit trnh c quan qun l MT lin quan duyt. - cng l c s sau ny xt duyt bo co TM.

Thng tin v d nTT v a bn thc hin

Khu vc quy hoch xy dng ngha trang c 4 nh dn chn i, cn c n b di chuyn.Nh dn: 4 nh cp 4 t th c 1000m2t vn i: 17.9haAo nui c: 2500m2Cy ci, hoa qu, hoa muCng trnh ph (bp, wc, ging, chung ln, tru, b, cng thot nc, .....)M: 10 ci

Khu vc thc hin d n

XC NH I TNG V PHM VI NH GI (Scoping)

Scoping nhm xc nh nhng vn chnh cn c xem xt tc ng v xc nh phm vi, mc nh hng ti cc thnh phn mn trng cn c xem xt

Ai l ngi thc hin scoping ?Cp B (Khong sn, nng nghip, y t, gio dc, cng nghip, mi trng.) Chnh quyn khu vc d nNgi dn khu vc d nScoping c thc hin thng qua s tho lun gia ch d n, c quan qun l, cc t chc v cng ngCc t chc ng vai tr quan trngTheo cc lnh vc c lin quan ti d nChuyn gia TM

Scoping p dng i vi d n phi thc hin TMScoping l quy trnh c thit k nhm h tr cho cng tc thc hin TM, nhm tp trung vo cc tc ng quan trng nht, khng tp trung vo cc tc ng khng ng k. Bn cnh phi kim tra cc bin php gim thiu v tnh hiu qu v kh thi.Mc tiu ca Scoping Gim thiu c chi phTp trung vo nhng mc tiu chnhTo s lin kt vi cng ng v ngi ra quyt nhKhuyn khch ch d n cn nhc nhng bin php thay th, cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng ti mi trngC quan chu trch nhim xc nh mc tc ng l ch d n, c quan chc nng hoc t chc c lp

Cc bc tin hnhBc 1: Xc nh kh nng tc ng xc nh cc tc ng chnh xy ra khi thc thi d n ti mi trng. Lit k tt c cc hot ng ca d n. Lit k tt c cc thnh phn mi trng c kh nng chu tc ng. Ch ra cc tc ng chnh lin quan ti hot ng v thnh phn mi trng chu tc ng

Bc 2: Xem xt cc phng n thay thTrong qu trnh hnh thnh v trnh t d n lun c cc phng n thay th c em ra cn nhc. Bc ny cp ti vic xem xt phng n thay th c tc ng nh th no ti mi trng. T gip cho vic quy hoch chn la d n thch hp hn.Cc i tng cn c lit k l:

- V tr/ tuyn ng- Qu trnh/ cng ngh- Thit k cng trng Kiu v ngun nguyn liu th- Chng trnh thc hin- c im k thut sn phm- Kch c K hoch thc hin monitorring v phng bt trc Khng ch nhim- thi/ ti s dng- H thng v phng php qun l

Bc 3: T vn, tham kho kinVic xc nh mc , phm vi tc ng lin quan ti vic tho lun vi cc c quan bn ngoi, k c c quan nh nc, nhm ngi quan tm, cng ng a phng, ch t,.. nhm xc nh tc ng, vn , mi quan h, phng n thay th cn phi cp trong GTMT.Bc 4: Quyt nh cc tc ng ng kMc tiu chnh ca bc ny l nghin cu chi tit hn nhng tc ng c tm quan trng nht i vi vic ra quyt nh v nhng tc ng ng k nht da trn mc tc ng v phm vi nh hng.

Mt s nhn t c bn c cp trong quyt nh cc tc ng ng k

Tho lunLit k cc hot ng chnh ca d n?Lit k cc cc thnh phn mn trng vn quan tm?Quyt nh cc hot ng chnh v tc ng mi trng cn quan tm?

Phn tch v nh gi tc ngL phn tch, nh gi c th, chi tit cc tc ng mi trng m d n gy ra. y s l mt trong nhng bc chnh, quan trng nht ca qu trnh GTMT i hi s gp sc ca nhiu nh khoa hc, cng ngh.

Ti bc Scoping ch ra c cc hot ng chnh cn xem xt v pham vi nh hng ca cc hot ng ny.Cc hot ng chnh cn xem xt c gi l ngun gy tc ng.Phn tch v nh gi tc ng yu cn ch r loi tc ng, dng tc ng do cht thi lin quan ti cc ngun gy tc ng nh hng ti cc thnh phn mi trng vng d n.

Phn tch v nh gi tc ng c thc hin theo cc bc sau:Bc 1: Xc nh cc ngun gy tc ngBc 2: Phn tch v nh gi tc ng ti cc thnh phn mi trng vng thc hin d n.

1. Xc nh cc ngun gy tc ngNgi ta thng chia qu trnh hot ng d n lm 2 giai on l giai on xy dng v giai on vn hnh. Mi giai on c nhng hot ng khc nhau v gy ra nhng tc ng khc nhau.

M phng cc ngun tc ng ti mi trng ca d n xy dng nh my Giy

V d


Nghin cu hin trng mi trng nn phi lng trc c tnh trng mi trng trong tng lai trong trng hp ch u t khng thc hin ng cam kt bo v mi trng Nghin cu hin trng mi trng nn phi m bo i vi tng i tng mi trng chu tc ng, do vy, trong xem xt tc ng nn c cn nhc k.i hi thit lp c s d liu mi v mi trng trong trng hp khng c cc thng tin thc cp, hoc qu c/lc hu hoc khng cn cho cng tc nh gi.2. nh gi hin trng mi trng nn

Nhm cc thng s mi trng cn quan tm trong TM

V d v cc thng s mi trng cn xem xt i vi d n xy dng ng giao thng

Cc thng s sinh hc lin quan ti d n xy dng ngLin quan ti i sng thy sinhng vt thy sinhPh dngThy sinh vta dng loiLoi nhy cmLin qua ti i sng cn Rng, thm thc vt ng hoang d a dng loi Cc loi nhy cm

Cc thng s l ha hc lin quan ti d n xy dng ngt aiRa tri v lng ngnh hng t ng Tnh n nh ca b, kKh nng tiu thotc tnh th nhngNc mtCh nc khu vcLy li nhim ncNc ngmCh nc khu vcKh nng b hon nc Mc nc ngm nhim nc

Mi trng kh nhim khng kh nhim bi nhim ting n

Cc thng s x hi hc lin quan ti d n xy dng ngSc kheBnh ttV sinh cng ngDinh dngM quanPhong cnhNi vui chi

Kinh t - x hiMt tSn xut nng nghipThy snThy nngGiao thng ng thyKim xot l ltGiao thngTi nh cNgh nghipCng, nng nghip

Purpose of monitoringIdentifies a disorder/disturbance and sourceProvides early detection of trends.Determine the effect and magnitude of environmental change.Assist in the cumulative assessments.Assess the utility/futility of steps and control procedures to prevent or minimise impacts.Tests compliance with regulations.Aids in decision-making process.PredictiveRegulatory

Xc nh cc bin i mi trngCc ngun gy tc ng l nguyn nhn dn ti bin i mi trng c mi trng t nhin v mi trng xc hi ti a bn thc hin d n.Cc thnh phn mi trng nn c xem xt nMi trng t nhin: t, nc, khng kh, a dng sinh hcMi trng x hi: thu nhp, lao ng, vic lm

M phng cc bin i mi trng do cc hot ng ca d n xy dng nh my Giy

M phng phn tch, d bo tc ng ca hot ng no vt

V d v cc tc ng mi trng c th xy ra i vi d n xy dng ng giao thng

Tc ng ti h sinh thi(a) Ngh c: (-) p ng, k b gy nh hng ti s di tr ca cc loi c v nh hng ti chui thc n.(-) Gy n, tc nghn(b) Lm nghip:(-) Ph v cnh quan, thm thc vt v a dng sinh hcFisheriesFish breeding groundRoad running through forest

(c) Trang tri(+) To c hi cho vic quy hoch cc n in, trang tri v s dng t hp l.(d) t ngp nc v h sinh thi t ngp nc: (-) Lm thay i h sinh thi do ph vc cu trc. (e) Ph dng(-) Gy lng ng, tch t v tp trung cht nhim

Roadside plantationwetlandEutrophication

Tc ng ti cc yu t l ha hc(a) Gy bn lng v si mn(-) Do dng chy t trn cao v mt thm thc vt.(b) H thng thot nc v dng chy(-) Lp cc h thng tiu, thot nc tng nguy c ng, tch ly cht thi(-) nh hng ti sn xut do cht lng nc suy gim

Road erosionRoad side water logging

(c) Ch nc khu vc v l lt(-) Thay i dng chy(-) Tng nguy c xi l(-) Tng tc dng chy(d) ng dng cht thi(-) Bn thi, nc thi cng nghip gy nguy c nhim cao(e) nhim bi v ting n(-) Bi v ting n gia tng do cc phng tin c gii nh hng ti sc khe con ngi v sinh trng pht trin ca cy trng

Dust pollutionRoad obstruction to drainage

Tc ng ti con ngi(a) Mt t nng nghip(-) Thu hi t lm ng(b) To c hi vic lm(+) Tng thng thng hng ha(c) Khai thc thy sn(-) Do tc ng ca vic di tr v sinh sng ca cc loi c

Agricultural landRoad construction

(d) C s thng mi v dch v(+) Tng s lng c s thng mi v dch v. (e) Cc hot ng cng nghip(+) Thc y cc loi hnh hot ng cng nghip(f) Dch v ti tiu(+) Ci thin h thng ti tiu(g) Cnh quan(-) Ph v cnh qun vn c ca khu vcCommunicationBorrow-pit Irrigation Scattered borrow-pit

Phn tch v d bo tc ng ti con ngi v h sinh thiy l bc phn tch c th trn c s kt qu thu c ca vic phn tch cc ngun gy tc ng, kh nng bin i mi trng v hon cnh c th ca d n. d bo lan truyn cc cht thi thng phi da vo cc m hnh ton hc.Vic phn tch v d bo tc ng phi xem xt n cc tc ng trc tip, gin tip, ngn hn, di hn v s c mi trng tim n.

Bin php gim thiu v qun l tc ngT phn tch nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n cho thy, khi d n hot ng s ko theo nhiu tc ng c hi cng nh c li. Trong phn ny, s cp ti vic xc nh cc phng php nhm gim thiu tc ng c hi v qun l cc tc ng mi trng.Mc ch ca cng vic ny l :Tm kim nhng phng thc tin hnh tt nht nhm loi b hoc ti thiu ho cc tc ng c hi v pht huy s dng ti a nhng tc ng c li.m bo cho cng ng hoc cc c th khng phi chu chi ph vt qu li nhun m h nhn c.

Trc khi tin hnh bc tm kim cc bin php gim thiu v qun l cc tc ng, cn phi thu thp cc thng tin ti liu sau:Kt qu nghin cu v vn gim thiu v qun l tc ng.Lin h vi cc t chc c quan c nhn c th cung cp thng tin c lin quan ti cc vn ang c quan tm.Cc ngun thng tin khc.y s l c s xem xt, tm kim cc bin php gim thiu v qun l tc ng hiu qu nht.

Trch nhim ca ch d n trong vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu v nhng li ch di hn c th em li cho ch d n khi thc hin bin php ny.Thc t cho thy cc tc ng bt li thng vt qu phm vi ca d n, ngha l n tc ng n vng xung quanh. Nhng ngoi ng nh vy buc phi c chi ph khc phc, chi ph ny li khng c tnh n trong qu trnh phn tch kinh t d n m cng ng, x hi chi tr. V vy, m bo pht trin bn vng, cc ch d n phi c trch nhim tnh thm cc chi ph ngoi ng tui th d n. y l c s nh nc v cc c quan yu cu ch d n thc thi cc bin php gim thiu nhm trnh hoc ti thiu ho tc ng thng qua thay i thit k hoc lp k hoch qun l tc ng, gi chng mc c th chp nhn c.

c c bin php gim thiu hiu qu, r rng phi nm vng bn cht, quy m ca tc ng v cc vn lin quan. Trc ht phi bit thc cht ca vn , xem xt mi lin quan ti sc kho cng ng, h sinh thi, suy gim ti nguyn v mi trng. Nu l nhim phi quan tm ti ngun gy nhim, l ngun im, ng hay ngun mt, ngoi ra phi bit kh nng gy hi ca cht thi. Tip n phi xt xem vn c cp bch khng, ngha l tc ng th hin ngay hay tim n, t quyt nh gim thiu hay ch c thm thng tin. Sau na, cn tm hiu kh nng nhn thc ca cng ng i vi cc vn ny cng nh nu b tc ng th dn chng c ngn chn c khng, c th gim thiu tc ng c khng? Mt vn khc c t ra l ai s c li, ai phi chu chi ph, liu c kh nng gim tc ng c hi thng qua tr cp b p thit hi khng.

T nhng iu hiu bit trn s gip quyt nh cc bin php thc thi gim thiu tc ng c hi. Thng th cc bin php ny phi c c ch d n, m c th l nhng nh thit k, v i ng GTMT xem xt v quyt nh. Da vo bn cht ca tc ng, s iu chnh trong qu trnh thit k m c th chn mt s hng sau x l v qun l cc vn :a ra phng thc mi p ng nhu cu.Thay i quy hoch, thit k.Tng cng hot ng qun l kim sot.Thay i ni t d n, ch , hoc ni c tr.

Gim nh tc ng i vi ng giao thng v ng cao tc

Tc ng trc tip tim tngCc bin php gim nhCc tc ng trc tip1trm tch, cn trong cc dng sui tng ln do nh hng ca s si mn ti cc cng trng xy dng v cc ng cht thi, cc bi t nn ng, v cc im giao nhau trn ng mi.Bo v che ch cc b mt nhy cm bng lp ph gi nc hay vi v bng cc lp ph thc vt cng sm cng tt.2s nhim bn t v nc do du, m, nhin liu v sn trong cc kho thit b v cc nh my sn xut nha ngThu thp v ti ch cc loi du nhnTrnh cc s c chy trn trong vic vn hnh3 nhim khng kh t cc nh my sn xut nha ng, hc nLp t v vn hnh cc thit b kim sot v khng ch nhim khng kh4Ting n v bi cc bTi nc xung ng theo nh k hoc ti nh du cc con ng tm thi.

Cc tc ng gin tip25em li s pht trin: pht trin thng mi, pht trin cng nghip, ni nh c dc 2 bn ng v vn ra mt ng khng kim sot. Phi hp vi cc c quan qui hoch s dng t tt c cc cp trong thit k d n v nh gi mi trng v k hoch pht trin c kim sot 26 S chuyn tr ca cc phng tin c gii ho tng ln (c th tng ph thuc vo nhin liu c nhp khu)Trong cc yu t ca d n phi khuyn khch s dng chuyn ch bng phng tin th s.27Gim v kinh t ca vn chuyn th s do thay i trong vic s dng t v /hay lm tng kh nng thay th vn chuyn bng c gii.Cc yu t d n thc y sn xut a phng v s dng cc m hnh giao thng th s.

Yu cu ca bin php gim thiuPhi tuyn b r mc tiu ca vic gim thiu v gii thch ti sao li ngh thc hin.Phi gii thch nhng c trng ca bin php gim thiu v lm th no thit k v thc hin.nh r tiu chun thm nh s thnh cng ca bin php gim thiu.Cung cp nhng bin php gim thiu d phng cho trng hp kt qu kim sot cho thy tiu chun thnh cng khng m bo.Ch r: C quan, t chc, c nhn chu trch nhim thc thi cc bin php gim thiu v ch r ni cn thc hin cc bin php gim thiu.Xy dng quy trnh thc hin.

Xy dng bo co TM

Lp cng, tham kho kin v chun b ti liuXy dng tp th chuyn vin lm bo coNghin cu d n v ti liu lin quaniu tra, kho st, thm d, quan trc, phng vnSon tho bo co theo ni dung:- M t khi qut d n- Hin trng mi trng ti a im d n- Tc ng ca vic thc hin d n n ti nguyn v MT (MTvt l, MT sinh hc, MT nhn to, cht lng MT sng)- Kin ngh la chn phng n- Cc bin php khc phc tc ng tiu cc ti TNMT- xut v quan trc v qun l MT sau thm nh (thc hin ni dung ca cc Iu 18, 19, 20 ca Lut BVMT sa i, 2006)

Ni dung bo co TM

Lit k, m t chi tit cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n km theo quy m v khng gian, thi gian v khi lng thi cng; cng ngh vn hnh ca tng hng mc cng trnh v ca c d n.nh gi chung v hin trng mi trng ni thc hin d n v vng k cn; mc nhy cm v sc chu ti ca mi trng.nh gi chi tit cc tc ng mi trng c kh nng xy ra khi d n c thc hin v cc thnh phn mi trng, yu t kinh t - x hi chu tc ng ca d n; d bo ri ro v s c mi trng do cng trnh gy ra.

Cc bin php c th gim thiu cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng; phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng.Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng trnh.Danh mc cng trnh, chng trnh qun l v gim st cc vn mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin d n.D ton kinh ph xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh bo v mi trng trong tng d ton. kin ca cng ng ni thc hin d n; cc kin khng tn thnh.Ch dn ngun cung cp s liu, d liu v phng php nh gi

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

n bo v mi trng

Cc loi cht thi pht sinh Cc tc ng khc (xi mn,, bi lng, xm nhp mn, bin i kh hu)Bin php x lBin php gim thiu cc tc ng khc

3. THM NH BO CO TMB TNMT thm nh bo co TM cc d n do Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph ph duytB, c quan ngang b thm nh bo co TM cc d n thuc thm quyn ph duyt ca mnhUBND tnh/thnh ph thm nh bo co TM ca cc d n do cp ny ph duytVic thm nh bo co TM c thc hin bi mt hi ng thm nh hoc t chc dch v thm nh do c quan c trch nhim thm nh quyt nhC quan lp hi ng thm nh, hoc chn c quan thm nh ph duyt bo co TM ( quy nh theo iu 21, 22, mc 2, chng III, lut BVMT, 2006)

4. HOT NG SAU THM NHTrch nhim ca ch d n:Thc hin cc bin php phng trnh, gim thiu cc tc ng MT tiu cc, pht huy tc ng tch ccThc hin nhim v qun l MT, quan trc, bo co MT nh quy nh trong thm nh bo co TMTrch nhim ca c quan qun l MT:Thng bo kt qu ph duyt bo co TM cho ch d n, cc c quan lin quan v cng chngTheo di, kim tra, nh gi kt qu thc hin cc kt lun ca thm nh bo co TM ca ch d n v cc c quan lin quan(iu 23, mc 2, chng III, Lut BVMT 2006)

Kt lunTM l mt cng tc quan trng trong nhim v BVMT v Pht trin Bn vngTM phi da trn:S hiu bit y v d n c nh gi,Nm vng lut php, quy nh v qun l MT,Hiu bit y v khoa hc v cng ngh MT d bo ng n cc tc ng c th din ra, nh gi ng n ngha vt l, sinh thi, x hi v kinh t ca cc tc ng ny. xut c bin php thit thc la chn phng n ti u cho d n, xc nh bin php thch hp phng trnh tc ng tiu cc, pht huy cc tc ng tch cc.TM phi gn kt hp l vi GMT chin lc.

CC PHNG PHP DNG TRONG NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

Danh mc (check list)Danh mc n ginDanh mc c ghi loi tc ng, mc tc ngDanh mc c ghi trng sS mng li (screening)Ma trn (Matrix)

Xc nh c tiu ch nh gi tc ngPhng php: Danh mc n gin v danh mc loi tc ng

Danh mc cc hot ng cn quan tmThnh phn mi trng cn c xem xtNgn hnDi hnHon o cKhng th hon oHD1HD2HD3.

Cc hot ng cn quan tmTn sut or mc hot ng

HD1HD2HD3.

Phng php danh mc c ghi tc ngMc tc ng (EIV)

Vi = S thay i thng s mi trng lin quan ti hot ng (tc ng) Mc tc ngWi= Tm quan trng ca hot ng (tc ng) or trng s or thng s N = Tng s cc thng s mi trng c xem xt

nh lng ha tc ngS thay i ca thng s mi trng (Vi)Rt mnh (Severe) (+5 or -5)Mnh (Higher) (+4 or -4)Va (Moderate) (+3 or -3)Yu (Low) (+2 or -2)Rt yu (Very Low )(+1 or -1)Khng tc ng (No change) (0)


Lng ha tm quan trng ca hot ng/tc ng Tm quan trng or trng s ca tt c cc hot ng/tc ng l khng ging nhau.Tm quan trng or trng s thay i ph thuc vo khu vc nh gi.Ly v d t mt khu vc c cc vn quan tm hng u: L lt, ngh nghip, nng nghip, ngh c.

Phng php s mng li


****So vi Lut bo v mi trng ban hnh nm 1993 (27/12/2003 thng quan, hiu lc k t ngy cng b.********hng dn thng t 08************

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Bài Giảng DTM Thầy Huy