Besse Titing karmiatiMuhammad MalikSlametArik Aprilianto

WHAT IS PVC ?PVC or polyvinyl chloride is one of plastic materials

that is commonly used in daily life, such as pipes, electronic components, etc.

PVC formed from addition polymerization reaction from its monomer that is etil chloride (Vinyl Cloride Monomer). PVC is a thermoplastic polymer.

PVC’s resin is often given in powder form and it is possible in long term storage because of its resistant of oxidation and degradation.

Raw MaterialRaw Material OF PVC OF PVC Etylene Industrial salt is best to electrolyze

because of its high purity

Chloride Alkali Process EDC/VCM Process PVC Process

CHlorIDE Alkali PROCESS

The usage of NaCl to produce Cl2 by electrolyse

Chemical Reaction :NaCl + H2O NaOh + ½ H2 + ½ Cl2

EDC/VCM PROCESS Cl2 reacted with ethylene to produce

EDC (Ethyle Dichloride)EDC cracked to produce VCM and HClThrough Oxy Clorination process, HCl is re-

react to produce EDC

PVC PROCESSPVC industries use 3 plants to

produce PVC, but the process is almost the same

One of the technology is Chisso Process

THE ApliCATION OF PVCTHE ApliCATION OF PVCBuilding material, such as pipeHealth material, such as blood container

tube, cateter, hearth-liver bypass set, hemodialysis set tube, etc

Automotive product, such as : car dashboard, steering wheel cover, door trim, etc

Packaging, such as tray, toiletery, toothpaste tube, bottle, handphone accessories, container, etc

Flow ChartFlow Chart OF PVC OF PVC PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

Raw salt

Electric

C/a plant Caustic soda (NaOH)

Clorine (Cl2)

VCM/EDC PlantEtylene EDC Raw material forVCM

VCM

PVC

Raw material forPVC

PVC Plant

Salt Salt dissolving Brine purification

Electic Electrolysis

NaOH

CHlorE Alkali CHlorE Alkali PROCESSPROCESS

Chlorine

Block Block Flow Flow EDC/VCMEDC/VCM

Chlorine

Ethylene

Oxygen/air

EDC Cracking

EDC Purification

EDC

Oxy chlorination

Direct chlorination

VCM

VCM Purification

EDC

HCl

Block Block FlowFlow proCesS proCesS OF PVCOF PVC

Catalyst & Chemicals

Fresh VCM Polymerisation

VCM Recovery

Storage & BaggingDryingDe-VCM

Water Demin

1. Polymerization Process2. VCM Stripping Process3. Drying Process4. Recovery Process of VCM5. Storage and Bagging Process

PolPolyymerimerizzaattiion processon processWater Demin incomeVCM incomeHeating and reactionSlurry ekstractionSecondary Recovery CPM

to reduce VCM content in PVC product to 1 ppm

DryingDrying consist of 2 processDrying 1 : drying PVC with 2 phase of

fluidizationDrying 2 : continue with pneumatic

drying and then with fluidization

In this process, VCM that is not reacted is recovered and recycled into polymerization reactor for further process

Storage Storage andand bagging baggingPVC product is being kept temporarily in silo

product and then packed in bag or container

Polymerization degree Bulk Density Particle size Volatile matter Colour/appearance VCM residue Fish Eye (FE)

PolPolyymerimerizzaation degreetion degreeis an important factor because of its influence to the characteristic of product. The highest the polymerization temperature, the lower the polymerization degree

adaptable of bulk density is needed because of its fluctuation can rise problems in processing and handling

PartiParticle sizecle size Particle size is need to be controlled.

Things that influence particle size :Amount of suspending agent that is

added in reactionDissolved oxygen in water

Amount of volatile matter must lower then 0.3 wt %

Foreign matterForeign matterThe amount of foreign matter in product

must less than 30 pcs/100 g PVC

Colour is controlled by putting powder sample and standard resin on top of a white kent paper and then compare the white colour between sample and standard resin

VCMVCM residue residueMust less than 10 ppm. Things that influence

the existing of residue are :De-monomer capacityStripping column condition