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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the greatest fourteenthcentury text. It was written by an unknown author between 1375and 1400. The story begins at Christmas time and there aremany symbo!ic e!ements. The "reen #night is a co!or whichsymbo!i$es Christmas. %!so changing seasons and the coming ofwinter symbo!i$e the &assing of !ife and reminds us that 'eath isuna(oidab!e. The author a!so ski!!fu!!y i!!ustrates humanweaknesses in the descri&tions of "awain)s tem&tations.

 The story te!!s about ad(entures of *ir "awain who takes the"reen #night)s cha!!enge. +ne year after cutting "reen #night)shead o, which did not ki!! him "awain has to tra(e! to -nd the"reen #night and take his b!ow in return. e -nds a strangecast!e and whi!e he awaits there for the -na! day his knight)sethica! code is &ut to a test by the host and his wife.

In this &art "reen #night in an unmanner!y way enters the ha!!

where #ing %rthur and his #nights feast and c!e(er!y gets them

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committed to take his game without re(ea!ing what it is he wantsto &!ay.

 A knight to remember As Simon Armitage's new translation proves, 14th-century poem Sir Gawain and theGreen Knight is as vivid now as when it was conceived

Charles Bainbridge

Thursday 18 January 2007 09.54 GMT

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The Green Knight's wife secretly visits Gawain.

ne o( the highlights o( the new year has been the chance to revisit the

medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in the new translation

 by Simon Armitage % (irst read the work about )* years ago in a +enguin

lassics edition adapted by rian Stone and was immediately captivated by

the vividness and ambivalence o( a chivalric story that (elt strangely

contemporary

%n comparison to the works o( other late 14th-century poets .such as

haucer and even $angland/ the language o( the Gawain poem, written in a

north 0idlands dialect by an unknown author, can be uite challenging2

loudes kesten kenly the colde to the erthe3 ith nyye innoghe o( the

northe the naked to tene

"he (irst line can be grasped without too much di((iculty .5clouds threw

 bitter cold down to the earth5/, but the second is much more elusive 6 7

arron in a prose adaptation translates the second line rather

uncom(ortably as 5with a bitter wind (rom the north tormenting to those ill-

clad5 "he last phrase doesn't seem to get close to the elemental punch o(

that word 5naked5

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The nobility and aristocracy placed great value on their ability in hunting and there

was great prestige attached to killing wild boars, bears, and deer. These were golden

opportunities to show of their skills at horsemanship and marksmanship. It was

also a great way o providing ood or all the banquets. Hunting was dangerous as

the wild boars could kill with their large tusks. There were also risks rom stray

arrows and being mauled by the animals themselves. There were also accidents

caused by reckless horse riding. There is a wonderul description o a medieval hunt

in the amous poem Sir awain and The reen !night.

"lass diferences meant, o course, that hunting was strictly or the landowners andnobility. The lower classes hated them with a vengeance. #hen they dared to poach

and were caught, the consequences were gruesome and savage. They were usually

hanged, but some were castrated and some were even blinded. $erhaps the worst

punishment o all was when a peasant thie was sewn into a deerskin, and was then

chased by erocious hounds. % cruel death was inevitable

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