© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 1

AWEA Windpower 2011

Wind Turbine Grid Integration Challenge

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 2

Speaker name: Slavomir Seman Speaker title: Design manager - Simulations, Grid codes Company name: ABB, Drives, Wind AC

In booth theater presentationsWind Turbine Grid Integration Challenge

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 3

Grid Integration Challenges

# 1: Grid integration requirements – What, Where and How ?

# 2: Fault Ride Through (FRT) – How to support the grid during fault conditions

# 3: Quick Response - Fast acting voltage control and reactive current during fault

# 4: Advanced simulation models – Important tool for compliance validation

# 5: Series compensated lines & DFIG wind farm

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 4

Grid Integration Challenge #1What are the requirements? Requirements of the local grid codes are different between countries/regions.

Today's grid codes are very diverse and contain many technical “gray areas” (historicalreasons, new generation).

Common specification language, as required for global standardization, does not exist.

Grid codes are continually changing.

EXAMPLE Germany (11 Grid codes and guidelines):

© ABB Group June 6, 2011 | Slide 5

Where to Comply Defines what the performance requirement is

for power plants connected to power system Grid code reflects the structure and status of

transmission system The content of grid code depends on the

region US FERC Order 661 E.ON 2006, German R.E.E 12.3. Spain

Wind park

POINT OF COMMON COUPLING (PCC)

132 kV/20kV 20kV/690V

WTGrid

ZWP

WT Connection point

Wind turbineWind park

POINT OF COMMON COUPLING (PCC)

132 kV/20kV 20kV/690V

WTGrid

ZWP

WT Connection point

Wind turbine

Usually defined at PPC

Grid Integration Challenge #1

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 6

Grid Integration Challenge #1How to validate compliance Type test of a single wind turbine – typically performed by so-called “container test”.

Wind power plant compliance assessment – performed by simulation.

Tester

Photo: E2Q

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 7

Challenge #2: Fault Ride Through (FRT)

Typical FRT curve - not full consistency on how FRT profiles are to be understood and applied

Source: IEEE power and energy magazine November/December 2007

Source: European Grid Code Development – the Road towards Structural Harmonization Workshop on Integration of Wind Power, Québec/Canada, October 2010

FERC Order 661- LVRT requirements defined at HVside of the plant step-up TR. Wind generation facilityremains online during:

3-phase fault with normal clearing

1-phase to ground fault with delayed clearing

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 8

Challenge #2: FRT – Example of Dynamic Performance

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 56000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Time [ms]

Urms

[V]

MEASURED INSTANTANEOUS VALUES AT LV SIDE OF TR

uurmsgrid [V]

uvrmsgrid [V]

uwrmsgrid [V]

FRT 0% Un, 180 ms – DFIG ( Type 3) - LV side FRT 0% Un, 500 ms – Full Converter ( Type 4) – MV/LV side

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 9

Challenge #3: Quick Response to Grid Faults/Voltage Support

Reactive Current (<100%In) injected within 30 ms during ZVRT

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 10

FRT – Converter Supports Wind Turbine

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 11

Challenge #4: Advanced Simulation Models

test.v_wind

v_wind

v_wind

Pref_max

dip_flag

ext_dip_flag

Tel

Uabc_lg_grid

flux_ref

Pref_dyn

Cselect

Uac-Q_ref

n_gen

Wind Turbine rev1_1(Aero+mech+wtc)

Scope20

RT

RT

test.Pref_max

Pref_max

Tel

Pref _dy n

n_gen

Tel_out

Initialization/Tel

flux_ref

Pref_dyn

Cselect

Uac-Q_ref

n_gen

Uabc_lg_grid

dip_flag

ext_dip_flag

Tel

Grid+Trafo+Conv+Gen

Generator/Converter model

Electrical Control Model

Q

P

Generic model “open source” (RMS) of WT 4 type model – Full power converterDetailed model “black box” (EMT) of WT 4

type model – Full power converter

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 12

Challenge #4: Advanced Simulation Models – Validation

WT 4 model against full power test - 2,5 MW, Full converter under 3-ph dip , Generic model Ts = 5 ms

CONVERTER CTRL

MCB CTRL

WIND TURBINE CTRL

LCL=~

ISU

=~INU

WIND TURBINE CONVERTER

MAIN DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER FOR ABB (TKPmE M4)

MCB MCB

ABB’S TEST LABORATORY POINT OF MV CONNECTION (ASA21)

MCB

CBC

BMC

CBC

SDC

CONVERTER CTRL

MCB CTRL

LCL=~

ISU

=~INU

LOAD DRIVE CONTROL

MCB SDC

CBC

ABB’S VOLTAGE DEVIDERS

SUPPLY TRANSFORMER FOR EUT (TK29)

MCB

Z2

Z1

IG, DFIG or PMSG

INDUCTION GENERATOR

EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST

© ABB Inc. June 6, 2011 | Slide 13

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000

Volt

Activ

e an

d re

activ

e po

wer

(sca

led)

time (ms)

Active Power

Reactive Power

Grid rms voltage

Challenge #5: Series compensated lines & DFIG wind farm

Voltage dip, 55 % compensated line, RSC about 1.6 at the point of connection

Stable!