Awareness, percep,on and communica,on of earthquake risk ... · Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United

4thInterna*onalConferenceonBuildingResilienceIncorporating the 3rd Annual Meeting of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience

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Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey

MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United Kingdom | 8th – 11th September 2014

1.  URBSIS project 2.  Earthquake risk communication

methodology 3.  Earthquake risk perception in

Portugal 4.  Questionnaires 5.  First results 6.  Next steps NEXT STEPS

2Scope & Outline



T h i s a r t i c l e d e a l s w i t h earthquake risk perception and communication in Portugal. A survey carried out resourcing to a questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge on earthquake risk perception and awareness in the Algarve region.



URBSIS project Assessing Vulnerability and Managing Earthquake Risk at the Urban Scale http://urbsis.web.ua.pt

•  Earthquake risk mitigation in Portugal •  Exper ienced research team in

earthquake engineering •  Two case studies that are prone to

earthquake activity (Faro and Faial island)

•  Mapping and calibration of urban scale seismic vulnerability assessment methodology

HOTELEVA

GUARDAFISCAL

CENTRO DESEG. SOCIAL

MINISTÉRIO DO AMBIENTE

I.P.C.C.

R. Serpa Pinto

R. B

aptis

ta P

into

R. da Viola

R. d

a M

adal

ena

R. Filipe Alistão

R. C

ap. M

orR

. Cap

. Mor

R. Compromisso

R. Compromisso

T.S.

Ped

ro

Tv. S. Pedro

R. S

. Ped

ro

R. Inf. D. Henrique

R. T

eófil

o B

raga

R. G

il E

anes

R. do Forno

Largo daMadalena

R. da Cruz

R. da Barqueta

Tv. M

adal

ena

Tv. José Coelho

R. PriorR. Prior

Tv. C

oche

iras

R. Cons. Bívar

Tv. A

rcos

R. Conselheiro Bívar

T.Al

fând

ega

T.Pa

ssag

em

Av. da República

Av. da República

Pç. Ferreira Almeida

R. 1

º M

aio

R. F

ranc

isco

Bar

reto

Vulnerability Index, Iv

0 - 10

10 - 20

20 - 30

30 - 40

40 - 50

50 - 60

60 - 70

70 - 80

80 - 90

90 - 100

Detail Level

Detailed

Non Detailed

Other Buildings

Concrete

Unoccupied

Ruin

Rehabilitated

°

HOTELEVA

GUARDAFISCAL

CENTRO DESEG. SOCIAL

MINISTÉRIO DO AMBIENTE

I.P.C.C.

R. Serpa Pinto

R. B

aptis

ta P

into

R. da Viola

R. d

a M

adal

ena

R. Filipe Alistão

R. C

ap. M

orR

. Cap

. Mor

R. Compromisso

R. Compromisso

T.S.

Ped

ro

Tv. S. Pedro

R. S

. Ped

ro

R. Inf. D. Henrique

R. T

eófil

o B

raga

R. G

il Ea

nes

R. do Forno

Largo daMadalena

R. da Cruz

R. da Barqueta

Tv. M

adal

ena

Tv. José Coelho

R. PriorR. Prior

Tv. C

oche

iras

R. Cons. Bívar

Tv. A

rcos

R. Conselheiro Bívar

T.Al

fând

ega

T.Pa

ssag

em

Av. da República

Av. da República

Pç. Ferreira Almeida

R. 1

º Mai

o

R. F

ranc

isco

Bar

reto

Mean Damage Grade,

0.0 - 0.5

0.5 - 1.0

1.0 - 1.5

1.5 - 2.0

2.0 - 2.5

2.5 - 3.0

3.0 - 3.5

3.5 - 4.0

4.0 - 4.5

4.5 - 5.0

Detail Level

Detailed

Non Detailed

Other Buildings

Concrete

Unoccupied

Ruin

Rehabilitated

°

0

5

10

15

20

25

V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

Rep

air C

osts

(mill

ions

of €

)

I (EMS-98)

Iv, 2stvn

Iv, mean

Iv, 2stvp

1.  URBSIS project 3

4Scope & Outline



ARCC PORTUGAL PROJECT WITH THE FOLLOWING AIMS & VALUES: Citizen driven Inter-cultural Pluri-disciplinary (architects, engineers, urban planers, emergency managers, sociologists …) Linking different stakeholders (scientific world, community, local authorities, businesses, …) Communication as a tool to secure results



2.  Risk communication methodology 5

What has to be done?

How should it be done?

Communication strategy

Communication plans

Level A

Level B

Level C

Level D C

hron

olog

y



2.  Risk communication methodology 6

What has to be done? Look at context, audit part

How should it be done? What kind of laws

(certificate)?

Communication strategy

Communication plans

Level A

Level B

Level C

Level D C

hron

olog

y



2.  Risk communication objectives 7

RaiseknowledgeaboutseismicrisksingeneralReducingvulnerabilitybychangingbehavior(fromfatalis*cintoproac*ve)>mi*ga*onprocess,preparednessstageReducingcasual*esbecauseoftheknowledgeoftheappropriateearthquakeresponse



2.  Risk communication messages 8

Pedagogicalcampaign(«earthquakebasics»)Showingsuccessfulmi*ga*onandpreparednessac*vi*esPedagogicalcampaign–teachingtherightbehaviours



2.  Risk communication targets 9

Geographicalconsidera*onsAgeconsidera*onsHomeownersversusthosewhorentaplacetolive



2.  Risk communication tools 10

Events(schools,communitymee*ngs,…)Publicitycampaigns(newspaper,radio,…)Socialmedia(presence,dissemina*on,…)



3.  Earthquake risk in Portugal 11

•  Moderate to high seismicity •  High vulnerability and absence

or lack of seismic design •  Inadequate/Insufficient public

and governmental preparedness

The last major earthquake in Portugal dates back to the year 1755, known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake had an estimated magnitude between 8.5 - 9.0 in the Richter scale, still the biggest event of its kind in European history. It was followed by enormous tsunamis (5-10 meters waves) and consequent fires, which raged for several days. The earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon. It seriously affected the southern coastline, including the Algarve region.

European scientists recently concluded that a catastrophic similar event is expected to occur in Portugal within the next 50 years.

MacrosseismicintensityI(EMS-98)

Seismic risk definition: •  Exposure •  Hazard •  Vulnerability



4.  Questionnaires 12

General public Technical community



5.  Main results | General public 13

Yes No

Have you ever felt any earthquake?

21 (15.56%)

114 (84.44%)

Yes No

75 (55.56%)

60 (44.44%)

Have you ever participated or atended to any information session on earthquakes?

How do you classify your knowledge level about earthquakes?

6 (4.44%)

48 (35.56%)

64 (47.41%)

17 (12.59%)

0 (0%)

Excelent Good Sufficient Insufficient Ignores

Where did the last major earthquake occur in Portugal?

18 (13.33%)

10 (7.41%)88 (65.19%)

19 (14.07%)

Lisbon Algarve Azores island Other

Are you aware of the causes responsible for the seismic activity in Portugal?

8 (5.93%)

120 (88.89%)

7 (5.19%)

Tectonic plates interaction Volcanic activity Global warming

How do you classify the seismic risk in Portugal (mainland and islands)?

1 (0.74%)

13 (9.63%)

55 (40.74%)

61 (45.19%) 5 (3.7%)

Very high High Moderate Low Very low

Population’s personal experience and knowledge about earthquakes

General knowledge of the population on the seismic activity in Portugal



5.  Main results | General public 14

During an earthquake, if you’re inside a building, what kind of procedure(s)should you adopt?

13 (9.63%)

17 (12.59%)65 (48.15%)

27 (20%) 13 (9.63%)

Bend down, protect yourself and wait Take cover under tables or spans Evacuate the building Evacuate the building and find an open space Other

Globally, how do you classify the structural capacity of Faro’s building stock to face an eventual earthquake?

14 (10.37%)

90 (66.67%)

29 (21.48%)

2 (1.48%)0 (0%)

Excelent Good Sufficient Insufficient Blank

Which of the following factor(s) compreend(s) the definition of seismic vulnerability?

History of seismic occurrences Building’s geographical location Building’s geometric and mechanical properties Other

26 (19.26%)

10 (7.41%)

54 (40%)

45 (33.33%)

Do you feel that Portugal is prepared to face an emergency situationderived from seismic events?

Yes No

128 (94.81%)

7 (5.19%)

Do you consider mandatory a seismic certification code/system for both new and existing buildings in Portugal?

Yes No

19 (14.07%)

116 (85.93%)

In your opinion, who is the responsible authority that should guarantee the safety of people during an earthquake?

3 (2.22%)0 (0%)4 (2.96%)

101 (74.81%)

27 (20%)

Government Civil protection City councils Insurance companies None of the previous answers

Adequate behavior to an earthquake: people and buildings

Portuguese preparedness to face an earthquake crisis



6.  Final comments 15

From the data collected and treated, it is revealed that seismic risk knowledge, perception and preparedness is problematic: 1/ Risk knowledge and information -  Information session attendance and knowledge self assessment is low -  Misconception with regard to infrastructure and building vulnerability

2/ Risk perception -  Undervalued (majority said moderate or low)

3/ Risk preparedness -  A vast majority does not feel that Portugal is prepared -  More than 30% is unaware of the right actions to take in case of emergency

despite that the results are from the population that lives in the Algarve region, one of the most dangerous zones of Portugal.



6.  Final comments 16

Interesting result regarding a more specific objective to reduce vulnerability



Next steps 17

NEXT STEPS: 1/ Developing knowledge and resource partnerships Examples: - Partners from business (PR, insurance …) - Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal (Risk Observatory) -  Municipality of Lisbon (Resilient Cities Campaign) -  Civil Protection Authority -  National platform DRR

2/ Adding content to the first audit -  Know more about the people, living conditions, attitudes and

willingness to change -  Study more about their perception of trust in authorities,

information tools and media channels 3/ Definition of strategy and plans

4thInterna*onalConferenceonBuildingResilienceIncorporating the 3rd Annual Meeting of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience

Thankyou Further information about the URBSIS project available at http://urbsis.web.ua.pt Further information about ARCC PORTUGAL: www.association-rcc.org www.journalriskcrisis.com Please contact us by e-mail at [email protected]



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Awareness, percep,on and communica,on of earthquake risk ... · Awareness, perception and communication of earthquake risk in Portugal: Public survey MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, United