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Avian Response to Changing Seasons
Common Poorwill
Avian Response to Changing Seasons
Grace’s Warber American Robin White-Breasted Nuthatch
Avian Response to Changing Food Supply
Avian Response to Drought, Flooding
“Extreme Migration”
“Neotropical Migrants”
Wood Warblers Orioles
Grosbeaks Hummingbirds
Tanagers
Vireos
FlycatchersHawks
Vultures
“Neotropical Migrants”
Blackpoll Warbler
“Short-Distance Migrant”
Brewer’s Sparrow
“Vertical Migration”
Fig. 5-53 in Podulka et al. 2004
MIGRATION STRATEGIES
4 5
1) Obligate Annual Migrants(e.g., Neotropical Migrant)Bird Migration Strategy:
20
21
Migratory Strategy: 2) Permanent Resident
35
36
Facultative and Obligatory Partial Migrants
ObligatoryFacultative
Bird Migration Strategies 3 & 4:
18
Bird Migration Strategy 5: Irruptive Migration
Bird Migration Strategy 5: Irruptive Migration
1993 1994 1995 1996
11
12
Bird Migratory Strategy 6: Nomadic Migration
Fig. 5-53 in Podulka et al. 2004
20
Origins of Migration?(Climatic Change)
“Returning Home”
28
29
Origins of Migration?(Lack of Needed Resources)
26
Origins of Migration?(Seasonal Intraspecific Dominance Interactions)
27
Blackcap
Origins of Migration?(Seasonal Interspecific Dominance Interactions)
Origins of Migration?(Tracking of Fruit or Nectar)
Which Explanation is Most Plausible?
Situation One Situation Two
Resident
Migrant
Migration and Natural Selection
Migratory Flexibility
Original, SedentaryPopulations
Introduction in 1950s
3537
Genetic Basis for Migration?
Fig. 5-55 in Podulka et al. 2004
Variation in Migratory Strategy in Blackcap Populations
Fig. 5-57 in Podulka et al. 2004
Determining Migratory Direction via Migratory Restlessness
Fig. 5-56 in Podulka et al. 2004
Results of Hybridization Experiments I
Fig. 5-58 in Podulka et al.
Results of Hybridization Experiments II
1 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/images/ ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg
2 http://www.wfo-cbrc.org/cbrc/photos/grace's-pt-loma-110505-a-2.jpg
3 http://www.nps.gov/band/naturescience/images/ponderosa_forest.jpg
4 http://www.borealbirds.org/web_mig_map/images/blackpoll_warbler/ map-mid.jpg
5 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ Steller's_Jay as_Seen_from_the_Back.jpg/800px-Steller's_Jay_as_ Seen_from_the_Back.jpg
6 http://www.christinevadai.com/STJA4.jpg
7 http://www.truthorconsequencesnm.net/us_forest/mogollon-mts-o.jpg
8 http://thebirdguide.com/digiscoping/photos/IMG_8158_northern_shoveler.jpg
9 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/Photos/Waterfowl/NSHO6.jpg
10 http://map.telesis.org/new.gif
11 http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/images/Photos/loxicurv.jpg
12 http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/images/usa/new-mexico.jpg
13 http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/PTGPOD/349625~Great-Gray- Owl-Rowley-MA-Posters.jpg
14 http://photo.net/bboard-uploads/00BMo5-22167884.jpg
15 http://www.winterweather.state.mn.us/images/snow_5_big.jpg
16 http://www.winterweather.state.mn.us/images/snow_5_big.jpg
17 http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/images/minnesota.jpg
18 http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/images/minnesota.jpg
19 http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/PTGPOD/349625~Great-Gray-Owl- Rowley-MA-Posters.jpg
20 http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/gallery/2007/wesjay_rogers-j_ca-lr.jpg/image _preview
21 http://rosyfinch.com/KilldeerAdultWithChick.jpg
22 http://www.birdsamore.com/_images/hummingbird-rufous_350.jpg
23 http://www.birdwatching-bliss.com/images/broad_tailed_hummingbird.jpg
24 http://www.alanmurphyphotography.com/Galleryimagesfromemail/B lack-Chinned-Hummingbird.jpg
25 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/mockbird/
26 http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Texas/mockingbird_detwiler_web.jpg
27 http://www.geneticarchaeology.com/Images/South_Hills_Crossbill.jpg
28 http://www.calliebowdish.com/Birds/PRedstartNov252006-29.jpg
29 http://www.strayreality.com/image1/toucaneat3.jpg
30 http://www.naturalist.co.uk/photos/crimsoncollared_tanager.jpg
32 http://www.tropicalexpeditions.com/images/Silver-throated%20Tanager.jpg
31 http://www.saveamericasforests.org/Yasuni/Pics/Biodiversity/MaskedCrimson Tanager9.jpg
33 http://www.localization-translation.com/images/maps/map-localization-south- america.jpg
34 http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/Ecuador/2007/images/008_ Blue-winged%20Mountain%20Tanager.jpg
35 http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/sevcik/blackcap--sylvia-atricap illa-1.jpg
36 http://www.roysephotos.com/zzAmericanRobin8D.jpg
37 http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/dna-2.jpg