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Automated VehiclesOverview of Technologies
and Implications
Regional Transportation CouncilJuly 14, 2016
Thomas BamonteNorth Central Texas Council of Governments
OverviewAutomated Vehicle (AV) Technologies
1. Autonomous vehicles aka “driverless cars”
2. Connected vehicles
3. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
4. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)
Transportation System Implications
Obstacles to AV Deployment
Implications to DFW Region
2
Mobility-Related Challenges to 2040
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): Up 55%
Highway capacity: Up 18%
Vehicle hours in delay: Up 136%
Highway deaths: 15,000
Highway injuries: 1,000,000
Capital/operations: $120 billion
3
Transportation Automation Trend
4
GPS
GPS
Autonomous Vehicle: Sensing
5
Autonomous Vehicle: Seeing
6
Autonomous Vehicle: Mapping
7
Level 0Vehicle has no automation.Driver has full control.
Level 2Vehicle integrates detection/response.Driver ready to take control.
Level 3Vehicle is autonomous. Drivertakes control in emergency.
Level 4Vehicle is self-driving.Occupants do not needability to drive.
Level 1Vehicle provides information/warnings. Driver has informed control.
NHTSA’s Levels of Automation
8
How to Use the Keypads• Press the number on the keypad that corresponds to
the answer choice.• Press with the pad of your finger – not your
fingernail.• Do not push the Channel button in the bottom left.• A green light will illuminate when the answer is
received.• The answer will show briefly on the LCD screen.• When ranking answer choices, wait for the green
light to illuminate after each response before making your next selection.
9
By 2040, what percentage of vehicles in use in the Dallas-Fort Worth area will be capable of fully automated driving?
1. 0%2. Less than 25%3. Between 25% and 50%4. More than 50% but less
than 100%5. 100%
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
0% 0% 0%0%0%
10
Autonomous Vehicles: Near Term
11
Source: Center for Transportation Research, UT Austin
Autonomous Vehicles: Long Term
12
Connected Vehicle Technology
13
Connected Vehicle Technology
14
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Technology
Dedicated Short-Range Vehicle Communication (DSRC)
15
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Technology
16
Today’s Challenge: Safety
15,000 deaths by 2040
17
5injury crashes every
HOUR
Source: TxDOT's Crash Records Information System
AV Impact: SafetyHighway safety improvement potential (fatalities per billion miles):
• Passenger Air: 0.06• Bus: 0.14• Subways/Metro Rail: 0.24• Commuter Rail/Amtrak: 0.47• Cars/Trucks: 5.75
90% of highway crashes are due to human error
Possibility of major safety gains, e.g. 50% or more highway crash reduction
18
Today’s Challenge: Efficiency
Highway capacity/speeds limited by human operation
Congestion + accidents costs = $1 trillion/year (US)
Load factors• Cars ~20%• Passenger air ~80%
Sit idle 90% of the time
19
AV Impact: EfficiencyVehicle platooning increases highway capacity
Smoother operation improves traffic flow
Smarter routing improves travel
Mobility services increase vehicle occupancy
20
Today’s Challenge: EnvironmentAir pollution
Stormwater runoff
Land use: 4-8 parking spaces per vehicle
21
AV Impact: Environment
Fewer vehicles = fewer parking lots
Vehicle sharing = higher vehicle use/occupancy
Maximized highway capacity = fewer future lane miles
AV fleets speed vehicle electrification
22
Today’s Challenge: Access/Equity
Transportation a major household expense2nd largest expense for mostHardship for some
Millions unable to driveNumber increasing rapidly as Boomers age
Cost of providing mobility highParatransit trip over $25/trip
Transit service limited in some areas
23
Rise of Shared Mobility
24
Miles Traveled and Shared Miles Forecasts for Major Regions
AV Shared Mobility Cuts Costs
25
Cost per Mile: Shared vs. Owned
AV Impact: Access/Mobility
Fleet AV cost less than private vehicle ownership
First/last mile transit enhancement
More people have access to mobility
DFW economic opportunity
26
Today’s Challenge: Demand
High Demand for Mobility
27
AV Impact: Demand Uncertain
More VMT?New “driving” populations Car time = productive time
Less VMT?Shift from private ownership to fleet model (Uber/Lyft)
Consumer preferences shift to walkable communities
28
Challenges to AV AdoptionTechnology limitsConsumer acceptancePrivacy/cybersecurityLegal/regulatoryInfrastructure mismatch
29
Who Will Lead The Way?
Freight?
Fleets?
Transit?30
Smart Cities Are Looking Ahead
USDOT Smart City Finalist
Automated Vehicles
Open/Shared Data Shared Mobility
Austin X X XColumbus (winner) X X X
Denver X X XKansas City X X XPittsburgh X X XPortland X X XSan Francisco X X X
31
Preparing Region For AVs
Maintain current assets in good repair
Make transportation data accessible in real-time
Support shared mobility services
Factor AVs into planning decisions
Support AV development, e.g. IH 30 pilot test corridor
Target AVs to pursue social equity goals and economic development
32
Opportunities
Well-developed transportation network
Tradition of transportation leadership
AVs could enhance region’s economic advantage
33
What do you see as the primary benefits of automated vehicles? [Rank top 3 choices beginning with most beneficial]
1. Improved safety2. More mobility at
lower cost3. Reduced congestion4. Less need to
physically expand highways
5. Environmental quality
6. Other1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
34
What do you see as the biggest obstacles to the widespread deployment of automated vehicles? [Rank top 3 choices beginning with biggest obstacle]
1. Expense/consumer acceptance
2. Government regulation
3. Liability4. Technology issues5. Privacy concerns6. Ethics7. Other
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
35
What approach should the region take with respect to automated vehicles?[Select preferred approach]1. Monitor
developments; take no action
2. Collaborate with public-sector partners
3. Encourage private-sector development
4. Position North Texas at forefront of AV development
5. Other 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
0% 0% 0%0%0%
36
Next Steps
Policy guidance from RTC
Continue to advance direction
Lead collaboration with regional/state partners
Develop and execute AV program
Evaluate results and apply findings
37