Author's Guide for Manuscript Preparation(revised 1983)

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Use numerals before standard units of measurement; eg, 1 g, 9days. Otherwise, use words for numbers one through nine andSubmit two copies of manuscripts and three sets of figures to: numerals for larger numbers in the text.

The American Phytopathological Society, Editorial Office, 3340 Authors can facilitate accurate typesetting by indicating, inPilot Knob Rd., St. Paul, MN 55121. pencil, the precise meaning of certain symbols; eg, distinguish 0

Manuscripts must be in English, and the entire manuscript from zero, a prime sign from an apostrophe, the letter 1 from the(including abstract, literature cited, tables, and legends) must be numeral 1, and multiplication X from the letter X.typed double-spaced on line-numbered 8a X 11 in. (216X 279 mm) For commonly used terms and abbreviations, consult the latestpaper, with authors' names, page number, and PHYTOPATHOLOGY edition of the "Council of Biology Editors CBE Style Manual"in the upper right corner of each page. Tables should be on (American Institute for Biological Science, 1401 Wilson Blvd.,numbered pages after the literature cited section; legends for Arlington, VA 22209). Other abbreviations may be used after thefigures, on a separate numbered page, should follow the tables, term is spelled out at its first use and the abbreviation is given

parenthetically.FORMAT Names and terms. Underline Latin binomials to indicate italic

type. Include citation of authors (for abbreviations of names, seeSection heading. The section heading under which the article "Index of Plant Diseases," USDA Handbook 165) for organisms

should be listed on the contents page should be typed on the first used in the investigation. (See also "A Guide to the Use of Terms inline of the title page. Section headings are: Letters to the Editor, Plant Pathology," Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew,Disease Detection and Losses, Etiology, Cytology and Histology, Surrey, England. Phytopathological Papers, No. 17, 1973.)Physiology and Biochemistry, Ecology and Epidemiology, Vector Indicate the source of cultures. Include designation of culturesRelations, Genetics, Resistance, Postharvest Pathology and obtained from or deposited in recognized collections.Mycotoxins, Disease Control and Pest Management, Special Papers dealing mainly with taxonomy of bacteria, such asTopics, and Techniques. descriptions of new taxa, should be submitted to the International

Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. Nomenclature should followTitle. The title should reflect the important aspects of the article the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.

as concisely as possible, preferably in no more than 100 characters 30:225-420, 1980, and some later issues in 1980 and 1981). As ofand spaces. 1982, each January issue of the International Journal of Systematic

Bacteriology is to contain the cumulative list of species validlyBy-line. The author(s) name(s) should be followed by affiliations published in the previous year, and additional lists are to be

and addresses, acknowledgments, disclaimers, and acceptance published in individual issues of that journal during the currentdate, with each item in a separate paragraph. (Inclusion of authors' year. Pathovar names should be presented as outlined by Dye et alprofessional titles is optional.) in "International standards for naming pathovars of

phytopathogenic bacteria and a list of pathovar names andAbstracts. Abstracts, in English, are required for all pathotype strains" (Rev. Plant Pathol. 59:153-168, 1980), except

manuscripts. Authors may also provide a translation of the when superceded by the International Journal of Systematicabstract in French, German, or Spanish. Bacteriology. Designate strains, where applicable.

The citation for the article should appear between the word Follow genetic terminology recommended by Rieger et al in the"ABSTRACT" and the text of the abstract. Limit abstracts to one most recent edition of the "Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics:paragraph of 200 words (50-60 words for articles shorter than two Classical and Molecular" (Springer-Verlag, New York). Underlinepages). Below the abstract, after the subheading Additional key gene symbols but not their subscripts. Follow usage of plasmidwords, list in alphabetical order words or phrases that are not in the symbols proposed by Novick et al (Bacteriol. Rev. 40:168-189,title or abstract but are in the text and would be useful in index 1976).retrieval systems. Use the term "cultivar" for agronomic and horticultural

Use a solid line to separate the abstract and additional key words, varieties. Identify the source of the cultivars and include CI or PIif any, from the body of the manuscript, numbers when appropriate. Enclose the name of a cultivar in single

quotation marks only when it immediately follows the botanicalText. Organization. Major sections after the introductory name.

statements are: Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Names of unusual proprietary materials and special apparatusLiterature Cited. General techniques and methods are best should be followed by the manufacturer's name and address indescribed in Materials and Methods; detailed procedures of parentheses. List fungicides by their approved common or genericexperiments and trials are best described in Results. Subheadings names. See the current issue of "Farm Chemicals Handbook"may be used, but avoid excessive fragmentation of the text. (Meister Publishing Co., 37841 Euclid Ave., Willoughby, OHFootnotes to the text are not permitted. 44094) or the most recent edition of "Acceptable Common Names

Editorial style. After acceptance for publication, manuscripts are and Chemical Names for the Ingredient Statement on Pesticideedited for style, grammar, clarity of presentation, and preciseness Labels" (Pesticide Regulation Division, Environmental Protectionand conciseness of statements. Preferred spellings are used, Agency, Washington, DC). Use the chemical name if the commonaccording to Webster's Dictionary. name is not available.

The metric system is preferred. See the current "Standard Metric Names of enzymes. Use the enzyme names recommended in thePractice Guide" (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 latest issue of "Enzyme Nomenclature: Recommendations of theRace St., Philadelphia, PA 19103). Express fractional units in Nomenclature Committee of the International Union oflength, mass, volume, and molarity by the prefixes m (milli), JA Biochemistry on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes"(micro), n (nano), and p (pico) where applicable. Abbreviate liter(s) (Academic Press, New York). Give the number (classification) ofas L when preceded by a number and as lowercase I when preceded the enzyme at its first use. (See also the latest edition of "Handbookby a fractional prefix (ie, ml). Use micrometers (Am) as the basic of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology," The Chemical Rubberunit for microscopic measurement. Co., Cleveland, OH.)

Vol. 74, No. 1, 1984 5

Figures. Glossy prints should be clear and of high quality. Prints three glossy prints. Glossy prints prepared for 1:1 reproductionwith poor alignments, blurred lines, or out-of-focus letters and save time, labor, and production cost for PHYTOPATHOLOGY.symbols are not acceptable. The CBE manual provides helpful If line drawings or graphs are to be published as a compositeinstruction for determining sizes of reproduced illustrations. figure, the parts of the composite should be mounted on cardboa rd

A 1:1 reproduction is desired to maintain maximum detail in in the appropriate positions when the manuscript is submitted.printing. Exact sizes for same-size reproductions are 88 mm widefor one column and 183 mm wide for two columns; maximum Tables. Titles should be self-explanatory and include enou ghheight is 250 mm, including the caption. On photographs, graphs, information so that each table is intelligible without reference to theand line drawings for same-size reproduction, numbers and text or other tables. The title should summarize the informati nlettering (upper and lowercase) should be in 10 point Universe 55 presented in the table without repeating the subheadings.(about iV in.); figure designations- 1, 2, 3 and A, B, C, Subheadings should be brief. Abbreviations are acceptable;etc.-should be in 18 point Universe 55 (about ¼ in. high). The nonstandard ones can be explained in footnotes. Footnotes arelettering is available in art supply stores. designated with superscript lowercase letters. Ditto marks should

Cite all figures in numerical order in the manuscript. Captions never be used.should describe the contents so that each illustration is Cite tables in numerical order in the manuscript. Informationunderstandable when considered apart from the text. Each presented in a table should agree with that in the text. An extraillustration should be labeled with the figure number, author's charge is made for tables that exceed 30% of the length of the text.name, and PHYTOPATHOLOGY.

Photographs. High-quality glossy prints should be cropped at Literature Cited. List references in alphabetic order by authors'right angles to show only essential details. Insert a scale bar where surnames. When citing multiple works by the same author, l stnecessary to indicate magnification. articles by one author before those by several authors. Determine

Submit three sets of prints of equivalent quality, the sequence by alphabetizing the first author's surname and juni orComposites. Match photographs for similarity of contrast, authors' surnames, by the year of publication (most recent last),

background density, and subject content. Do not combine and if necessary, by the page numbers of articles published in thiephotographs showing microscopic details with those showing same journal. Underline Latin binomials, capitalize Germ nwhole plants or plant organs. Do not combine line drawings and nouns, and insert diacritical marks. List total pages of bulletins a idphotographs in a composite figure. specific pages of books. Refer to the BIOSIS List of Serials with

Photographs in a composite should be mounted on hard Title Abbreviations (Biosciences Information Service of Biologicalcardboard, with the edges in contact; space between photographs Abstracts, 2100 Arch St., Philadelphia, PA 19102) for acceptedwill be inserted in printing. abbreviations of journal names. Do not abbreviate one-word tit es

Submit original composite figures or plates for publication and of journals and publications.two prints of equivalent quality for review purposes. Double-check the accuracy of title abbreviations, page a id

Color. Color illustrations may be used if approved by the Editor- volume numbers, and dates, and check that each reference is cit -din-Chief. A cost quotation will be provided, and the author or an in the text.institutional officer must formally indicate acceptance of the Only references generally available through libraries should bequoted rate before processing of that illustration will be started, listed in Literature Cited. If work cited is in preparation, submitted

Line drawings. Frame (ie, "box") graphs and affix index marks but not accepted for publication, or not readily available into ordinates and abscissae (Fig. 1). Avoid too bold lettering, libraries, cite the work parenthetically only in the text, eg, (J. Jones,numbers, and lines for coordinate axes and curves, unpublished) or (J. Jones, personal communication). Obt in

Submit original line drawings and two copies of each or submit written permission from the person(s) cited as the source of the

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Fig. 1. Desirable and undesirable figure preparation for PHYTOPATHOLOGY. A, Properly styled graph, one column wide, that can be directly keylined. B, Sa n edata in a graph that depicts many undesirable features (axes without index marks, letter B and coordinate axes too bold, curves poorly drawn, data-poi tsymbols too large, and axis label lettering and numbers too small).

6 PHYTOPATHOLOGY

unpublished information; this written approval must be provided Relevance of discussionwhen the manuscript is submitted. Avoid excessive reference to Clarity of presentation and organization of the articleunpublished information, as such data cannot be evaluated byreviewers or readers. A reviewer is asked to review the manuscript and to transmit his

recommendation to the assigned senior editor within 2 weeks.Senior editors are responsible for judging the suitability of

REVIEW OF MANUSCRIPTS manuscripts for publication in PHYTOPATHOLOGY.

The American Phytopathological Society publishes twoEach manuscript receives two simultaneous reviews. Other journals, each with a prescribed scope that should be considered in

authorities are consulted as necessary to confirm the scientific merit determining the more appropriate journal for a manuscript. Theof any part or all of the manuscript, with due consideration for emphasis in PHYTOPATHOLOGY is on research that advancesprepublication confidentiality. Each reviewer makes a specific understanding of the nature of plant diseases, their spread, therecommendation for the manuscript, based on the following losses they cause, and measures that can be used to control them.aspects that are applicable: Reports of disease occurrence, enzyme production in vitro, routine

pesticide tests, routine amino acid analyses, etc., are unacceptableImportance of the research unless the author relates them directly to new concepts or to a moreOriginality of the work general or in-depth understanding of plant disease. Articles thatAppropriateness of the approach and experimental design relate primarily to the solution of specific disease problems willAdequacy of experimental techniques ordinarily be more appropriate for PLANT DISEASE than forSoundness of conclusions and interpretations PHYTOPATHOLOGY.

VoI. 74, No. 1, 1984 7