Author's Guide for Manuscript Preparation

(Revised 1977)

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.-Consult recent BYLINE.-The author's name is followed by theissues of PHYTOPATHOLOGY. Follow the journal author's affiliation and institutional address (includingformat. Manuscripts should be in English; however, zip code), acknowledgments, disclaimers, and acceptanceabstracts will be permitted in English and either French, date. Each of these items is indented as a separateGerman, or Spanish. Manuscript paper with numbered paragraph.lines (both copies) is mandatory. Hand-numbered lines are acceptable, if carefully done. Typedouble-spaced throughout, including tables, captions, ABSTRACT.-Use a solid line to separate theand legends. Submit two copies on 216 X 279-mm (8.5 x ABSTRACT from Byline information. A complete11-inch) or 209 X 297-mm paper. Authors' names, citation for the article should appear between the wordfollowed by page number, and "Phytopathology" should "ABSTRACT" and the text of the abstract. Abstractsappear in top right-hand corner of each page. Authors ordinarily should not exceed 200 words (50-60 words forshould indicate an appropriate running head for the papers shorter than two pages). Key words or phrases notarticle. Tables, on numbered pages, should appear after in the title or abstract are indicated below the abstract andLiterature Cited; legends for figures should be on a are designated by the italicized heading: Additional keyseparate, numbered page after tables, words:.

Authors have the option to indicate in a covering letter Use a solid line to separate the abstract and additionalor at the top left of the first page of the manuscript the key words (if any) from the body of the manuscript.particular Section Heading under which the articleshould be listed on the Contents page. The SectionHeading chosen should convey the principal thrust of the TEXT. Organization.--Consult a recent issue ofarticle. Section Headings under which articles are listed PHYTOPATHOLOGY. Most papers are divided into anare as follows: introductory statement followed by the sections

MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS,DISCUSSION, and LITERATURE CITED;

LETTER TO THE EDITOR subheadings may be used to divide each major section.General techniques and methods are best described in

DISEASE DETECTION AND LOSSES MATERIALS AND METHODS, whereas detailedprocedures of experiments and trials are best described in

ETIOLOGY the RESULTS section. Footnotes are not permitted.Subdivision is optional for papers less than two pages in

CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY length. Abstracts are required for all papers.Enumeration and measurement .- Use numerals

PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY whenever a number is followed by a standard unit ofmeasurement: e.g., 1 g, 9 days; otherwise use words

ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY through nine and numerals for larger numbers.Metric units should be employed as much as possible.

VECTOR RELATIONS See Standard Metric Practice Guide (a Guide to the Useof SI-the International System of Units), 1974 Annual

GENETICS Book of ASTM Standards, Part 41, P. 453-486.[Designation E380-72; American National Standards

RESISTANCE Z210.1 1973]; The American Society for Testing andMaterials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

POST-HARVEST PATHOLOGY AND Lengths, weights, volumes, and molarities should beMYCOTOXINS expressed by using the prefixes m (milli), y (micro), n

(nano), and p (pico) (for 10-3, 10-6, 10-9, and 10-12,DISEASE CONTROL AND PEST MANAGEMENT respectively) where applicable; avoid using mA and tp.

Micrometers (pm) should be used as the basic unit forSPECIAL TOPICS microscopic measurement.

Abbreviation .- For commonly used terms, consult theTECHNIQUES Council of Biological Editors (CBE) STYLE MANUAL

(3rd ed., American Institute for Biological Sciences,1972). For terms not found in the STYLE MANUAL orSubmit all new manuscripts to The American STANDARD METRIC PRACTICE GUIDE,

Phytopathological Society, Editorial Office, 3340 Pilot ANDARD whIC PRAte GUIDEKnob Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55121. Do not submitarenew manuscripts to the Editor-in-Chief. permitted if the term is spelled out the first time it is used

and the abbreviation is stated parenthetically.

Names and terms.--Underline scientific names toTITLE.-The title should reflect all important aspects signify italicization. Include authorities (see INDEX OF

of the article, should have no more than 100 characters PLANT DISEASES, USDA Handbook 165, p. 517-531.and spaces, and should have the first letter of all 1960) only for organisms actually used in theimportant words capitalized, investigation.

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6 PHYTOPATHOLOGY [Vol. 67

Indicate culture designation if culture is deposited in Captions should adequately describe the contents so thatany recognized collection, tables and figures are understandable when considered

For bacteria, papers describing taxonomic material, apart from the text. Do not use abbreviations the firstsuch as descriptions of new taxa, should be submitted to time a term or genus is indicated. An extra charge is madethe International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology when tables exceed 30% of the text length.(IJSB). If the paper deals principally with some aspectother than taxonomy, the paper should be divided, the Preparation of illustrations.-Satisfactorytaxonomy portion being submitted to IJSB and the other reproduction requires high quality original illustrations.portion to PHYTOPATHOLOGY. Processing and printing always result in a slight loss in

Nomenclature used for bacterial species should be that quality, even for the highest quality original material.presented in BERGEY'S MANUAL OF Most illustrative material consists of line drawingsDETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY (8th ed., 1974). and/or photographs. Both types of material should be

If an author disagrees with this usage, first use of the name prepared to fit the printed area of a page; i.e., either one

in the text and abstract should be followed by the name, in column 75 mm wide or two columns 156 mm wide and aparentheses, as given in Bergey's Manual. Where maximum (including the legend) of 220 mm in height.applicable, strains should be designated. Photographs should be submitted as clear glossy prints

Genetic symbols should essentially follow those and "cropped" at right-angles to show only essentialrecommended by Demerec et al. (GENETICS 54:61-76. details. A 1:1 reproduction is desirable for all

1966). Underline gene symbols but not their subscripts, photographs and particularly for electron micrographs to

Plasmid symbols should adhere to the proposal of Novick maintain the necessary detail. Authors should indicate on

et al. (BACTERIOL. REV. 40:168-189. 1976). an overlay or extra print the important details or areas

Use the term "cultivar" for agronomic or horticultural that should receive particular attention in the

varieties. Single quotes are used to enclose the name of the reproduction of a photograph. If reduction iscultivar only when it follows the botanical name. Plant unavoidable, the final scale (magnification) should beintroduction numbers (P.i. or C.I.) should be checked. indicated in the caption if a scale bar (preferred) has not(Furnish P.I. number and scientific name of plant to: been inserted in the photo. The CBE Style Manual and anHoward L. Hyland, New Crops Research Branch, article by J. A. Anderson (The Preparation ofBeltsville, Md. 20705). Illustrations and Tables, in Trans. Am. Assoc. CerealNames of proprietary substances, materials, and Chem. 3(2): 74-104, 1945) provide helpful instructions for,special apparatus should be followed by the name and determining relative sizes of original and reproduced

address (including zip code) of the manufacturer in illustrations.parentheses. Fungicides should be listed by their Whenever possible, a composite of severalapproved common names: see Acceptable Common photographs should be prepared to fit either one or twoNames and Chemical Namesfor the Ingredient Statement columns. The photos should be matched for similarity ofon estcid Laels 2n ed, 972(PeticdesReglaton contrast and background density and for similarity ofon Pesticide Labels, 2nd ed., 1972 (Pesticides Regulation subject content. Do not combine photographs showingWashington, D.C. 243 p.); and the Pesticide Dictionary. microscopic details with those showing whole plants orPages Di to D224 in Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1975 plant organs. Photographs grouped in a composite(Meister Publishing Co., 37841 Euclid Ave., Willoughby, should have the edges in contact; a 1.5-mm-wide spaceOhio 44094. 224 p.). If the common name is not available, (1.0 mm for composites comprised of small elements) willthe chemical name should be given, be made between all the photographs by a member of theAn author can facilitate accurate marking of the Editorial Office. Identifying letters or numbers should beAn atho canfaclitae acurae mrkin ofthe 3-5 mm high and permanently affixed; other labels shouldmanuscript for the printer by indicating lightly in pencil in 3 mm highathe left margin the precise meaning of certain terms or be 2-3 mm high.symbols; e.g., distinguish "0" from zero, a prime sign Most line drawings can be prepared to appear eitherfrom an apostrophe, the letter "1" from the numeral singly or as a composite to fit in a single column. Do not"6 one", multi-X from the letter X, etc. combine line drawings and photographs in a single

Names of enzymes.-Trivial names of enzymes should illustration. Graphs should be fully framed (i.e., "boxed")be those recommended in the 1972 Report on Enzyme and both ordinates and abscissae should have indexNomenclature by the International Union of marks. Too bold or heavy lettering, numbers, and linesBiochemistry [International Union of Biochemistry, for coordinate axes and curves (Fig. I-A) must be

Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, 1972 avoided; optimal size for capital letters and numbers asRecommendations. Enzyme Nomenclature (3rd ed., they appear in the journal is 2 mm, for lower case letters1973) Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, New York. 443 p.]. 1.6 mm (see examples); the lower limit is 1.2 mm.The number (classification) of the enzyme should be given Identifying numbers or labels for graphs should notat first use. (See also HANDBOOK OF exceed 3 mm in height or be too bold or heavy (Fig. 1-A).

BIOCHEMISTRY, Selected Data for Molecular If possible, submit line drawings as unmounted originalBiology, The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, illustrations or glossy prints prepared for 1:12nd ed. 1970). reproduction and measuring (including captions) exactly

75 or 156 mm wide; these can be keylined directly withsubstantial savings in time and labor for the Editorial

TABLES AND FIGURES.--Indicate in the margins Office and production costs for PHYTOPATHOLOGY.of the manuscript where each table and figure should Glossy prints of line drawings must be of high quality withappear. Never use ditto marks in tables or figures. sharp lines, numerals and letters; poor alignment, blurred

January 1977] AUTHOR'S GUIDE 7

lines or out-of-focus letters and symbols are by the Editor-in-Chief. A current quotation of the flatunacceptable. If reduction is necessary, drawings should rate (per page or fraction thereof) will be provided. Thenot exceed twice the final size (Fig. I-B); in all instances author(s) or an institutional officer must formallyindicate the desired scale, indicate acceptance of the quoted rate and the manuscript

Submit original figure or plate for publication and two must be accepted for publication before processing will begood copies for review purposes. Dimensions of undertaken.illustration material should be no larger than that of textsheets. Label all figures in the lower left corner (not on LITERATURE CITED.-List references inback of the figure) with figure number, alphabetical order by first author and date of publication."Phytopathology", Ms. No. -, and authors' names. Where first author appears several times, his work withThe allowance for halftones and line prints for each other authors is listed after single-authorship papers andarticle is 1.5 pages or the equivalent cost in smaller placed in sequence; first, by alphabetical order of authors'illustrations. Color illustrations may be used if approved (senior, then junior) last names; second, by year of

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Fig. I-A,B. Figure preparation for PHYTOPATHOLOGY. Left half of the composite shows a portion of a graph prepared twicethe final size according to instructions in the Author's Guide, Preparation of Illustrations. A) The same data represented in a full-sizesingle-column drawing that depicts many undesirable features (axes without index marks, labeling letter "A" and coordinate axes toobold, curves poorly drawn, data-point symbols too large, and axis label lettering and numbers too small). B) Properly styled 50%reproduction of the graph at the left. Sent unmounted, this is ready for direct keylining.

8 PHYTOPATHOLOGY [Vol. 67

publication; and finally, by page numbers (if in the same science of plant pathology. The article should representjournal) or publication dates (if known). All letters in significant new information. There will be no distinction,authors' names should be capitals. If more than one preference, or prejudice for or against so-called "basic" orauthor use lower-case ", and" preceding the last author's "applied" articles. The distinction will be between what isname. Do not underline Latin names or binomials. trivial and what is significant, and this distinction willCapitalize all German nouns, and insert all correct require judgment. Reports of disease occurrence, ofdiacritical marks for the printer. List number of pages in enzyme production in vitro, of routine pesticide tests, orM.S. and Ph.D. theses, bulletins, and books. Refer to routine amino acid analyses, etc., are examples whichBIOSIS, 1974 List of Serials with Title Abbreviations may be unacceptable unless the author relates them(Biosciences Information Service of Biological Abstracts, directly to new concepts or to a more general or in-depth2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19102) for accepted understanding of plant disease(s). The author shouldabbreviations for journals; only these abbreviations may display an awareness of previously published informationbe used. One-word titles of journals and publications are on the same subject and relate his findings to it.written in full. Double-check accuracy of all title Each reviewer is asked to make "a specificabbreviations, paging, volume numbers, and dates. If recommendation for the manuscript" based on thework cited has not yet been accepted for publication, or it following aspects, as far as they are applicable:is reported in Proceedings or Summaries not readily Importance of research question or subject-fieldavailable in libraries, or if cited manuscript is in studiedpreparation, it may not be listed in Literature Cited, but Originality of the workshould be cited in the body of the article in parentheses;e.g., (J. Jones, unpublished) or (J. Jones, personal Appropriateness of approach or experimental designcommunication). Written permission must be obtained Adequacy of experimental techniquesfrom the person(s) cited as the source of unpublished Soundness of conclusions and interpretationinformation, and this written approval must be provided Relevance of discussionwhen the manuscript is submitted. Soundness of organization of the paper (and of theAbstract).

REVIEW OF MANUSCRIPTS.-Each manuscript A reviewer is asked to review the manuscript within 2will receive two simultaneous reviews. Other authorities weeks and to prepare two copies of the review, one signedwill be consulted as necessary to confirm the scientific and one unsigned and not otherwise identifiable as tomerit of any part or all of the manuscript, with due institution.consideration for prepublication confidentiality. After review, manuscripts are edited for grammar and

Subject matter is not a criterion forjudging the merit of conciseness. Changes may be suggested to achievean article for publication in PHYTOPATHOLOGY. It is, uniformity in style, clarity of presentation, andhowever, the author's duty to establish relevancy to the preciseness and conciseness of statements.