Proceedings of the

THIRTEENTH

AUSTRALASIANFLUID MECHANICS CONFERENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

MONASH UNIVERSITY

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

13-18 DECEMBER 1998

VOLUME I

Session 1 - Session 5

Editors: M C Thompson and K Hourigan

The logo for this conference shows a visualisation of the Mode B streamwise and spanwise vortex

structures in the wake of a circular cylinder produced from a three-dimensional numerical simulation

done at Monash University. ub/tib Hannover 89

120 917 823

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

Session 1 to 5

SESSION 1A-VORTICES

Unconfined Vortex Breakdown 1

P. Morris, K. Hourigan and M.C. Thompson

The Vorticity of a Vortex Ring Core 5

J. Cater, J. Sorla and T.T. Lim

Interaction of Two Perturbed Vortex Rings with Phase Difference 9

C.C.K. Tang, R.C.K. Leung and N.W.M. Ko

The Two Dimensional, Self-Similar, Compressible Taylor Vortex 13

K. von Ellenrleder and B.J, Cantwell

Physical Appraisal of Some Classic Flows in Terms of BoundaryGenerated Vorticity 17

B.R, Morton

SESSION IB - MIXING LAYERS

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Turbulent Mixing Layers 21

D.K. Bisset

Prediction of a Plane Mixing Layer using Various Linear and Non-Linear

k-Epsilon Models 25

J.A. Naser

Mixing 31

K.B. Winters and H.E. Seim

Instantaneous Velocity and Pressure Measurements in a Plane Turbulent

Mixing Layer 35

Y. Guo, J.D. Hooper and D.H. Wood

Three-Dimensionality of a Plane Mixing Layer 39

Y. Guo and D.H. Wood

Low-Dimensional Model of a Plane Turbulent Mixing Layer 43

L. Cordler, C. Tenaud and J. Delville

v

SESSION 1C - GAS DYNAMICS I

PSP-Measurements in Transonic Wind Tunnels of DLR 47

R.H.EnglerandC. Klein

Total Temperature Measurements in a Shock Tunnel Facility 51

D.R. Buttsworth and P.A. Jacobs

A Combined Experimental-Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in

Turbulent Hypersonic Flow 55

S.G. Mallinson and R. Hillier

Pilot Study for a Rarefied Hypervelocity Test Facility 59

M. Wendt, M. Macrossan, P. Jacobs and D, Mee

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Transonic Wind Tunnel Wall

Interference Problem 63

B. Rasuo

SESSION ID FLOW MEASUREMENT I

A Turbulent Mechanism for Pulsation-Induced Orifice Plate Flow Meter

Error 67

L.W. Sigurdson and D.D. Chappie

On the Use of Various Contour Shapes in Vorticity Evaluation from PIV

Data 71

K.P. Thlagarajan and A.W. Troesch

An Investigation of the Structural Dynamics of Hot-Wire Probes 75

C.S, Anderson, S,E. Semercigll and O.F. Turan

Comparison of Hypermlxing Injectors using a Mixture-Fraction-Sensitive

Imaging Technique 79

J.S. Fox, M.J. Gaston, A.F.P. Houwlng and P.M. Danehy

The Development of a Micromachined Hotfilm Sensor 83

J. Gorman, F, Hussaln and M. Gaster

SESSION IE-JETS I

Turbulence Scaling for Three-Dimenslonal Wall Jets on Convex

Cylindrical Surfaces 87

B.H.Lakshmana Gowda and V.S.B. Durba

High Speed Visualization of Water Jet Impinging on a Free Surface 91

W.K. Soh, B.C. Khoo and W.Y.D. Yuen

vi

Simulations of Fully Pulsed Round Turbulent Air Jet Flow with k-Epsilonand the Reynolds Stress Turbulence Models 95

M. Nordsveen and K. Bremhorst

Effects of Splitter Plate and Screen Grid on Waterjet Intake Flow 99

L. Mununga, I. Huntsman and R. Hothersall

Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Modelling of Vertical Jet Impingement 103

P. Reichl, P. Morris, S.A.T. Stoneman, M.C. Thompson and K. Hourigan

Experimental Determination of Ingestion Steamtubes for WaterjetPropulsion Intakes 107

J.L. Roberts and G.J, Walker

KEYNOTE ADDRESS 1 - G.K. BATCHELOR ADDRESS

Shock Layer Instability Near the Newtonian Limit of Hypervelocity Flows 111

H.G. Hornung

SESSION 2A - TURBULENT AND REACTIVE FLOWS

A Pair of Double-Roller Structures In a Turbulent Boundary Layer 119

M. Ichijo

Structure of a Turbulent Boundary Layer and its Dependence on

Reynolds Number 123

Y. Kobashi and M. Hayakawa

Measurements of Differential Diffusion in Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames 127

B.B. Dally and A.R. Masri

NO Predictions In Methane-Air Jet Flames using the Conditional

Moment Closure Method 131

M,R. Roomina and R.W. Bilger

Simulation and Modelling of Reactive Particles in Turbulence 135

N.S.A. Smith

SESSION 2B - PLUMES

Meandering Plume Models in Turbulent Flows 139

M.S. Borgas

Predicted Smoke Spread in Multi-Compartment Building using CFD 143

Hi. Li, J.D. LI, S.R. Kennettand M.C. Luo

vii

Repeatability of Full-Scale Experiments on a Turbulent Plume Ventingfrom a Burn Room Window 147

S. Klopovic and O.F. Turan

Shear Layers Driven by Turbulent Plumes 151

A.B.D. Wong and R.W. Griffiths

Modelling Reactive Atmospheric Plumes using Conditional Moment

Closure and a Scalar Probability Density Function 155

R.J. Brown and D.A. Paterson

The Stratification Produced by a Distributed Heat Flux and a Plume in a

Box 159

M.G. Wells, R.W. Griffiths and J.S. Turner

SESSION 2C - ROTATING FLOWS I

Turbulent Taylor-Couette Flow 163

M.J, Rudman and H.M. Blackburn

Simulating the Turbulent Taylor-Couette Flows using DNS 167

J.D. LI

A Trapped Wave Model for Confined Vortex Breakdown 171

A. Brydon and M. Thompson

An Investigation of Wave Trapping as a Cause of Vortex Breakdown in

the Torsionally Driven Cylinder 175

M. Jones, K. Hourigan and M. C, Thompson

Dual Stream Functions for 3d Swirling Flows 179

A.V. Reztsov and G.D. Malllnson

Resuspension by Impacting Bodies 183

S.B. Dalzleland I. Eames

SESSION 2D - PARTICLE LADEN FLOWS

An Experimental Study of Dual-Particle Settling under Gravity 187

J. Wu and R. Manasseh

Wind Tunnel Experiments of the Ground Deposition of Airborne Particles

among an Array of Idealized Tree Crowns 191

J. Donat and B. Ruck

The Transition to Swarm Phase for a Particle Cloud 195

D. Luketina and D. Wilkinson

viii

Experimental Investigation of Wall-Rebounding Particulate Flows 199

Y.S. Morsi, J.Y. Tu, W.W. Yang and D.D. Atapattu

Computational Modeling of Particle-Liquid Flow 203

D. Yang and C.A.J. Fletcher

SESSION 2E -TURBOMACHINERY

Computational Modeling of Diffuser Designs for a Diffuser AugmentedWind Turbine 207

D.G. Phillips, P.J. Richards, G.D. Mallinson and R.G.J. Flay

Comparison between Triggered Turbulent Spots and Wake-Induced

Turbulent Patches on Compressor Blading 211

G.J. Walker and J.P. Gostelow

The Effects of Impeller Exit Rake Angle on the Internal Flow of

Centrifugal Impellers 215

I. Ariga and M. Umezawa

Stability Improvement of a Mixed-flow Fan through the Application of

Guide Fence in the Curved Vaneless Diffuser 219

K. Suzuki, H. Kato, S. Sato. T. Sakai and A. Whitfield

Noise Reduction Approach of an Air Conditioning Turbomachine 223

J.C. Legros, M. Lemasson and S. Pauzin

KEYNOTE ADDRESS 2

Localised Instabilities in Spatially Nonuniform Flows

P. Monkewitz

SESSION 3A - SCALAR MIXING IN TURBULENCE

Turbulent Mixing in an Internal Wave Energised Benthic Boundary Layer 227

G. Ivey, K. Winters and P. De Silva

The Decay of Passive Scalar Fluctuations In Self-Preserving IsotropicTurbulence 231

J.D. u

A Dynamical System Formalism for the Study of Passive Scalar Fields 235

L. Valino, B. Crespo, J. Soria, J. Martin and C. Dpazo

Direct Numerical Simulation of Mixing in Isotropic Turbulence with Scalar

Injection 239

M. Elmo, J.P. Bertoglio and V.A. Sabelnikov

ix

Temperature Dissipation Rate Statistics In Decaying Grid Turbulence 243

T. Zhou, L. Danaila, R.A. Antonia and F. Anselmet

Small-Scale Statistics of a Passive Scalar 247

L. Danaila, P. Le Gal and F. Anselmet

SESSION 3B - HYDRODYNAMICS

Individual Air Bubble Entrainment at a Planar Plunging Jet with Near-

inception Flow Conditions 251

P.D. Cummings and H. Chanson

Hydraulics of Rubber Dam Overflow: a Simple Design Approach 255

H. Chanson

Hydrodynamic Sectional Added Mass and Damping for a Ship Movingwith Forward Speed 259

D.S. Holloway and M.R. Davis

An Investigation into Mechanisms of Mine Burial on the Sea Bed 263

P.R. Klepetko and D.F. Fletcher

Hydrodynamic Heave Damping of a Vertical Cylinder 267

L, Tao, L, Cheng and K. Thlagarajan

An Improved Theoretical Model for the Resistance of a Vessel with a

Transom Stern 271

L.J. Doctors

SESSION 3C - COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS I

Zero Divergence Finite Element Viscous Incompressible Flow Simulation 275

a.n.f. Mack

A Study of Waves Developed by Caldera Collapse 279

J.P.P. Gray and J.J. Monaghan

Time-Dependent Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Axisymmetric Sudden

Expansions 283

B. Guo, T.A.G. Langrish and D. F. Fletcher

x

Numerical Simulation of Two-dimensional Natural Convection in a

Square Open Cavity 287

M. Nateghi and S.W, Armfield

Numerical Study of the Vortex Roll-Up In a Square Cavity Using a

Fractional-Step Method 291

C.K. Tan, A.S.H. Ool and M.S. Chong

Dynamic Grid Refinement using an Object-Oriented Approach 295

J.P. Van Der Walt, Y.S. Morsi and M. Walters

SESSION 3D - NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS

Ball Falling Through a Vlscoplastic Fluid in a Cylinder 297

L.Chen, J.A. Reizes, E, Leonardl and Y. Li

Experiments with an Electro-Rheological Fluid to Control Structural

Oscillations 301

T.D. Truong, S, E. Semercigil and O.F. Turan

Do Particles Segregate Themselves? 305

K. Liftman, D, Gutteridge, M. Rhodes and G. Metcalfe

Modeling Rod-Climbing of Viscoelastic Fluids with OrthogonalTrajectory Grids 309

X.L Luo

Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Flow due to a Rotating Disc

Enclosed in a Cylindrical Casing 313

T. Moroi, M. Itoh and H. Toda

Hydroheater 317

LJ. Mittoni and M.P. Schwarz

SESSION 3E - JETS II

Some Mean Flow Characteristics of Two Parallel Plane Jets 321

J. Lai and A, Nasr

The Mean Flow Field of a Precessing Jet 325

J. Mi, R.E. Luxton and G.J. Nathan

Fundamental Studies of Synthetic Jet Actuators 329

S.G. Mallinson, G. Hong and J.A. Reizes

xi

The Influence of the Exit Angle on the Initial Trajectory of a PrecessingJet Flow 333

G.M. Schneider, G.J. Nathan and R.E. Luxton

Mechanism of Air Entrainment by an Impinging Liquid Jet 337

Y. Zhu, H.N. Oguz and A.Prosperetti

Laboratory Modelling of a Round Jet In an Unsteady Crossflow 341

K.M, Lam, LP. Xia

KEYNOTE ADDRESS 3

Turbulence near Walls 345

J. Jimenez and A, Pinelli

SESSION 4A - TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS I

Evolution Calculations for Turbulent Boundary Layers ApproachingEquilibrium Sink Flow 353

I. Maruslc, A.E. Perry, M.B, Jones and M.S. Chong

Mean Flow Quantities for the Turbulent Boundary Layer over a k-Type

Rough Wall 357

T. Kameda, H. Osaka and S. Mochizukl

A Stochastic Model of Bursting Process in a Rotating Turbulent Boundary

Layer 361

Y. Ueki. Y. Tsuji and I. Nakamura

Reynolds Number Effects on Wall-bounded Turbulence 365

A,J. Smlts, D.R. Williams and M.A. Schmanske

Dynamics of the Velocity Gradient Tensor in Turbulent Boundary LayerFlow 369

C.J. Bulbeck, M.S. Chong and J. Sorla

Turbulent Boundary Layer Development along a Streamwise Edge

(Chine) - Mean Flow 373

N.R. Panchapakesan and P.N, Joubert

SESSION 4B - FLOW MEASUREMENT II

Application of Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Flow

Measurement 377

B.R. Cowan, G.D. Mallinson, S.K. Cheung and S.K. Man

xii

Multigrid Approach to Cross-Correlation Digital PIV and HPIV Analysis 381

J. Soria

Validation of the Cobra Probe using Turbulence Measurements in a

Fully Developed Pipe Flow 385

J. Chen, D.F. Fletcher, B.S. Haynes and J.D. Hooper

High Volume LDA Experimental Data Analysis using an Object-Oriented

Approach 389

J.P. Van der Walt. Y.S. Morsi and W. Yang

Pressure Sensitive Paint Applications In Low-Speed Flows 391

C. Klein, R.H. Engler, S.D. Fondovand O. Trinks

Use of a Hot-WIre Anemometer to Examine the Pressure Signal of a High-

Frequency Pressure Probe 395

P.D. Mousley, S. Watklns and J.D. Hooper

SESSION 4C - WIND ENGINEERING

Wind 401

J.D. Holmes

Some Complications from Modelling the Wind Flow over Complex

Terrain at Small Geometric Scales 405

A.J. Bowen

Application of MC2, A Mesoscale Meteorological Model for Simulations

of Wind and Other Parameters in the Complex Terrain of Hong Kong 409

M. Niewiadomsk! and D.Y.C. Leung

Aspect Ratio Effects in the Development of a Wind Tunnel Model of the

Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer 413

T.J.Taylor

Computational Modelling and Flow Visualisation of Wind Flow over

Downtown Auckland 417

P.J. Richards and G.D. Mallinson

SESSION 4D - FREE SURFACE FLOWS I

Modelling the Motion of an Interface past a Thin Probe Formation of

Contact Lines 421

J.R.A. Pearson

The Effect of Bottom Friction on Instability and Wave Over-Reflection in

Shallow Water 425

P.A. Yakubenkob and G.A. Shugai

xiii

Prediction of Crown Formation Following the Impact of a Drop on a

Thin Liquid Film 431

M.R. Davidson

Computing Flows with Moving Interfaces: Application in Mould Filling 435

Z. Zhu and N. Stokes

Numerical Simulation of Wave Breaking in Shallow Waters by using a SL-

VOF Method 439

S, Gulgnard, R. Marcer and V. Rey

Slag-Metal Flow over a Weir 445

G.E. Assaad, J.L Liow and N.B, Gray

SESSION 4E - AERODYNAMICS I

Soaring. 449

T. Sugimoto

The Aerodynamics of the Aurora Solar-powered Vehicle 453

S. Watklns, B. Liu and C. Humphris

The Fluctuating Pressures on the Rear of Passenger Vehicle 457

B.R. Gilhome, J.W. Saunders, R. Mansour, J.D, Holmes and W.H. Melbourne

The Flow Characteristics around a Car A-Pillar 461

F. Alarm, S, Watklns, B. Song, T. Steiner and C, Humphris

Icarus - A Rapid Solution for Aerodynamical Analysis 465

R.A. Poole and J. Milthorpe

KEYNOTE ADDRESS 4

Fingering in the Fluid-Fluid Displacement of Highly Elastic Fluids 469

E.S.G. Shaqfeh, A.G. Less, A.M. Grillet and I.M. Dris

SESSION 5A - TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS II

An Integral Approach to the Turbulent Boundary Layer Structures 475

A.Tanaka, M, Yamamoto and J. H.Ferziger

Wall Shear Stress in Clearance Gap of Blood Pump Model 479

L.P. Chua, S.S. Wong, S.C. Tung and W.K. Chan

Experimental Study of Sink Flow Turbulent Boundary Layers 483

M.B. Jones, A.E. Perry, I. Maruslc and S.H.M. Hafez

xiv

LayerJ. Kostas, J. Soria and M.S. Chong

487

Measurement of Wall Shear Stress In Turbulent Boundary Layers using an

Optlcial Interterometry Method 491

N. Nishlzawa, I. Maruslc, A.E. Perry and H.G. Hornung

Effects of a Groove on the Near-wall Structure of Turbulent Boundary

Layer Flows 495

Y. Dublef, P. Comte and M. Lesieur

SESSION 5B - AERODYNAMICS II

Systematic Measurements of a Windsurfer Sail Performance 499

K. Alexander and V. Fumiss

Influence of Ground Effect on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a

High Aspect-ratio Catamaran Vessel 503

H.K.H. Ma, G.J. Walker and A.D. Henderson

Leading-Edge Receptivity to Oblique Acoustic Waves 507

D, Fuciarelll, H. Reed and I, Lyttle

Flow Modifications using Distributed Surface Suction 511

J. Szumbarski and J.M. Floryan

The Importance of Froude and Reynolds Numbers in Modelling

Downwind Sails 515

P, Jackson and P. Hawkins

Modelling Viscous Flow Around 2-D Yacht Mast and Sail Configurations 519

K. I. Bailey, P. S. Jackson and R. G. J. Flay

SESSION 5C - BOUNDARY LAYERS

Nonlinear Boundary Layer Receptivity with High-amplitude Noise 523

W.S. Saric and E.B. White

The Boundary-Layer Flow of a Micropolar Fluid over a Stretching Porous

Sheet 527

A. Desseaux

xv

Vorticity 531

A.J. Dletz

The Effect of Longitudinal Micro-Striations and Their Profiles on the Dragof Flat Plates 535

K. Parker and A.T. Sayers

An Experimental Investigation of the Fluid Flow Close to a Moving Solid

Boundary 541

G.D. Rigby, CD, Rielly, J.A. Lucas, G.M. Evans and L. Strezov

Effect of Suction on a Laminar Boundary Layer 545

M. Ichimiya, B.R, Pearson and R.A. Antonia

SESSION 5D - GAS DYNAMICS II

Experimental Verification of Departure from Ranklne-HugoniotBehaviour in Weak Mach Reflection 549

A, Siegenthaler and J. Madhani

Transition from Mach Reflection to Regular Reflection over a CylindricalConcave Surface with Initial Wedge Angle 555

T. Adachi, S. Kobayashl, T. Suzuki and Y. Sakamura.

Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Thermometry in a HypersonicBoundary Layer Flow 559

P.C. Palma, S.G. Mallinson, S. O'Byrne and P.M. Danehy

Numerical Study of Flow in a Rotating Shock Tube 563

G.B. Horrocks, J.A. Reizes and S.G. Mallinson

Time-linearised Code for Simulation of Unsteady Transonic Flows over

an Aircraft Wing with Moving Shocks 567

E, Ly, J.A. Gear and H. Hung

The Aerodynamic Stability of Superorbital Reentry Craft 571

R.G. Morgan and B.S. Stewart

SESSION 5E - JETS III

Vertical Jets with a Weak Source in a Quiescent HomogeneousAmbient 575

W. Lin and S.W. Armfield

On the Self Preservation of a Square Jet 579

LP. Chua, S.C. Tung, S.C.M. Yu and W.P. Cheng

x\n

Investigation of Plane Lip Jet from a Narrow Silt

C. Grubb and S. Rajagopalan

583

Trajectories of a Plane Jet into a Cross-flow 587

X. Wang and L Cheng

Detection of Vortical Structure and Sound Source In a Rectangular Jet

by Pressure Measurement 591

R. Hiramoto and K, Toyoda

Control of Initial Growth Rate of a Jet by Combined Precessing andAxial Jet Flows 595

J.J. Parham and G.J, Nathan, R,E. Luxton

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 2

Session 6 to 9

KEYNOTE ADDRESS 5

Some Aspects of the Behaviour in Wind of Large Grouped Chimneys 599

B.J. Vlckery and J.K, Galsworthy

SESSION 6A - TURBULENCE I

Pressure Structure Functions in Isotropic Turbulence 607

R. A. Antonia, P. Orlandi and B. R. Pearson

DNS and Modelling of Turbulent Heat Transfer in Channel Flow with a

Spanwise Mean Temperature Gradient 611

N, Kawamoto and H. Kawamura

Turbulent Transport of the Reynolds Stresses in a Rod-Roughened

Boundary Layer 615

R.J. Smalley, P.A. Krogstad and R.A. Antonia

Eulerian and Lagrangian Statistics of Pressure Gradient Fluctuations In

Isotropic Turbulence 619

P. Vedula and P.K. Yeung

The Sweeping Decorrelation Hypothesis and Anisotropy in a Turbulent

Jet at Moderate Reynolds Numbers 623

G. Xu, R.A. Antonia and S. Rajagopalan

Evolution of Velocity Gradients in Simulations of Homogeneous IsotropicTurbulence 627

M.S. Chong, J. Soria and A.S. H. Ool

xvii