Atropa belladoma

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  • 8/7/2019 Atropa belladoma

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    Plant Science Letters, 2 ( 1 9 7 4 ) 8 9 - - 9 4 E l s e v i e r S c i e n t i f i c P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , A m s t e r d a m - - P r i n t e d i n T h e N e t h e r l a n d s

    GROWTH,E M B R Y O G E N I C P O T E N T I A L A N D S T A B I L IT YO F A H A P L O I D C E L L C U L T U R E O F A T R O P A B E L L A D O N N A L .

    A . R A S H I D * a n d H . E . S T R E E TBotanical Laboratories, University o f Leicester (Great Britain)( R e c e iv e d A u g u s t 1 3 t h , 1 9 7 3 )

    S U M M A R YH a p l o i d c e l l s u s p e n s i o n c u l t u r e s o f A t ropa be l ladonna , i n i ti a te d f r o m ap l a n t l e t o f a n t h e r o r i g i n , g r e w w e l l i n a m e d i u m d e v e l o p e d f o r d i p l o i d s u s -p e n s i o n s a n d c o n t a i n i n g 0 . 1 m g / 1 (ca. 5 - 1 0 - 7 M ) k i n e t i n ( K ) a n d 1 .5 m g/1(ca. 1 0 - s M ) n a p h t h a l e n e a c e t i c a c id ( N A A ) . S u c h s u s p e n s i o n s r e m a i n e d p r e -d o m i n a n t l y h a p l o i d a n d h i g h l y e n b r y o g e n i c d u r in g a t l e as t fiv e s u cc e ss iv es u b c u l t u re s b u t u l t i m a t e l y s h o w e d a d e c l in i n g p r o p o r t i o n o f h a p l o i d ce l ls a n da lo s s o f e m b r y o g e n i c p o t e n t i a l . W h e n s u c h s u s p e n s io n s w e r e t r e a t e d w i t h

    c o l c h ic i n e (1 g / l) f o r 2 4 h a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o a u x i n - f re e m e d i u m ,t h e y g re w a n d g av e r is e to a r e d u c e d n u m b e r o f e m b r y o i d s , 7 0 % o f w h i c hw e r e d i p l o i d . Ra i s i n g t h e l ev e l o f K t o 1 0 - s M c a u , c ~ p o o r s e p a r a t i o n o f c e l lsi n l i q u i d m e d i u m a n d t h e r a p i d d e p a r t u r e f r o m h a p l o i d y .

    I N T R O D U C T I O NT h e t e c h n i q u e o f a n t h e r c u l t u r e i s a n i m p o r t a n t s o u r c e o f h a p l o i d p l a n t l e t sa n d t h e s e in t u r n o f h a p l o i d t i ss u e a n d c e l l c u l t u r e s. A s a ba s is f o r th e p r o d u c t i o n

    o f h o m o z y g o u s m u t a n ts via s u c h h a p l o i d c e l l c u l t u r e s i t is i m p o r t a n t t o b e a b l e( i) t o a c h i ev e a c t i v e g r o w t h o f s u s p e n s i o n s o f h a p l o i d c e ll s, (ii) t o c o n v e r tm u t a n t h a p l o i d c e l l s i n t o h o m o z y g o u s d i p l o i d s , a n d (ii i) t o i n d u c e p l a n t l e tf o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e c e ll c u l tu r e s b e f o r e a n d a f te r d i p l o id i s a ti o n . W e h a v e p r e -v i o u s ly d e s c ri b e d t h e c o n t r o l o f e m b r y o g e n e s i s a n d o r g a n o g en e s is in d i p l o i dc u l t u r e s o f A t r o p a b e l l a d o n n a L . ~ , 2 a n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f h a p l o i d p l a n t s viaa n t h e r c u l t u r e i n t h i s s pe c ie s 3. T h e p r e s e n t s t u d y h a s b e e n c o n c e r n e d w i t ht h e g r o w t h a n d s t a b i l i ty o f a h a p l o i d c e ll li ne o f A t r o p a b e l l a d o n n a , w i t hd e m o n s t r a t i o n o f i t s e m b r y o g e n i c p o t e n t i a l a n d w i t h i t s d i p l o i d i s a t i o n .

    * B r i ti s h C o u n c i l R e s e a r c h F e l l o w f r o m t h e U n i v e r si ty o f D e l h i .A b b r e v i a t io n s : K , k i n e t i n ; N A A , n a p h t h a l e n e a c e t i c a c i d ; S S M , s t a n d a r d s y n t h e t i c m e d i u m .

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    Fig. 2. Cel lular com posi t ion ~nd embry ogen ic po tent ia l of a hap loid and a diploid cel l sus-pens ion cu l ture o f Atropa bei ladom~a. A, B, Stat ion ary ph ase cell suspensions. A, diploid;B, haploid. C, D, Yield of emb ryoids an d ro ots f rom a 30-m l cul ture in auxin-free mediuminitiated from 1st passage suspensions. C, diploid; D, haploid. E, A haploid plantlet devel-oped from the suspension cul ture and sho wing advent ive embryo ids developing from i ts axis .s iz e o f th e c u l t u r e s ag r ee d w i t h e x p e c t a t i o n f r o m t h e c h r o m o s o m e c o u n t s .T h e e m b r y o i d s e x a m i n e d f r o m t h e f ir s t 5 p a ss a ge s w e r e h a p l o i d a l t h o u g ho c c a s i o n a l c e l l s i n t h e r o o t s w e r e d i p l o i d .

    5 m l o f t h e 4 t h p a s sa g e h a p l o i d s u s p e n s i o n ( 3 - 1 06 c e l l s / m l ) w a s t r e a t e dw i t h c o l c h i c i n e ( 1 g /l ) f o r 2 4 h, w a s h e d w i t h m e d i u m d e v o i d o f c o l c h i c i n ea n d a u x i n a n d t h e c e l ls u s e d t o i n i t i a t e a c u l t u r e i n a u x i n - f r e e m e d i u m . A f t e ra d e t e c t a b l e la g p h a s e th i s c u l t u r e s h o w e d s a t i s f a c t o r y g r o w t h a n d y i e l d e da r e d u c e d n u m b e r o f e m b r y o i d s , 7 0 % o f w h ic h w e r e d ip l o id ( t h e r e m a i n d e rw e r e h a p l o i d }.

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    T h e l o w l ev e l o f K u s e d f o r c a l l u s in i t ia t i o n ( 0 . 5 m g / l ) a n d f o r s u s p e n s i o nc u l t u r e s ( 0 . 1 m g / 1 ; c a . 5 - 1 0 - 7 M ) w a s i m p o r t a n t f o r g o o d c ell d i s p e rs i o n a n dt h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e h a p l o i d y o f t h e s u s p en s io n s . W h e n t h e K l ev e l w a sr a is e d to 2 . 0 m g / l ( c a . 1 0 - s M ) i n b o t h t h e c a l lu s i n i t ia t i o n a n d s u s p e n s i o nc u l t u r e m e d i a , a v e r y c o a r s e s u s p e n s i o n w a s o b t a i n e d . T h i s g r e w s lo w l y , c o n -t a in e d e n l a r g e d a n d i rr e gu la r ce lls a n d w h e n e x a m i n e d b y m i c r o d e n s i t o m e t r yi n t h e 2 n d s u s p e n s i o n p a ss a g e s h o w e d a w i d e r a n g e o f D N A l ev e ls su g g e st iv eo f a n e u p l o i d y ( F ig . 4 B ) . T h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o f i l e f o r p a s sa g e 8 s u s p e n s i o ni n t h e s t a n d a r d m e d i u m is s h o w n i n F i g . 4 A . T h i s p r o f i l e s h o w s t h r e e d i s t i n c tp e a k s w h i c h c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s 2 C h a p l o i d n u c l e i ( 3 - - 4 a r b i t r a r y u n i t s ) ,4 C h a p l o i d p l u s 2 C d i p lo i d ( 6 - - 7 u n i t s ) a n d 4 C d i p l o id ( 1 0 - - 1 3 u n i t s ) . T h i sc o r r e l a t e s w e l l w i t h t h e % o f h a p l o i d c e ll s a t p a s s a g e 8 a s e s t i m a t e d b y c h ro -m o s o m e c o u n t s ( F ig . 3 ).REFERENCES

    1 E. Thomas and H.E. Street, A n n . B o t a n y , 36 (1972) 239.2 R.N. Konar, E. Thomas and H.E. Street, A n n . B o t a n y , 36 (1972) 249.3 A. Rashid and H.E. Street, Planta, 113 (1973)263.4 E. Thomas and H.E. Street, A n n . B o t a n y , 34 (1970) 656.5 P.R. White, Th e Cul t i va t ion o f An im al and P lan t Ce ll s, Thomas and Hudson, London,1954.6 G.G. Henshaw, K.K. Jha, A.R. Mehta, D.J. Shakeshaft and H.E. Street, J . E x p t l . B o t a n y ,17 (1966) 362.

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