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ATOMIC BASICS
ELEMENTS
• AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM.
ATOMS
• THE SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER
• MADE OF: PROTONS NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMS HAVE TWO REGIONSTHE NUCLEUS AND ELECTRON CLOUD
1. NUCLEUS- MADE OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMBINED. DETERMINES THE ATOM MASS.
2. ELECTRON CLOUD - MAKES UP MOST THE ATOMS SPACE. ELECTRONS CIRCLE THE NUCLEUS IN RINGS.
NUCLEUS = NEUTRONS + PROTONS
ELECTRONS
PROTONS
• HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE
• ARE IN THE NUCLEUS
= THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
= THE ATOMIC NUMBER
NEUTRONS
• ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS
• HAVE A NEUTRAL CHARGE
ELECTRONS
• HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE
• CIRCLE THE NUCLEUS IN RINGS
= THE NUMBER OF PROTONS
ATOMIC NUMBER EQUALS# OF PROTONS(+) EQUALS# ELECTRONS(-)
ATOMIC MASS =
PROTONS + NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS
WHAT IS THIS ELEMENT?
e lectron
neutron
proton
SINCE THERE ARE 6 ELECTRONS (-), THERE MUST BE 6 PROTONS (+). SINCE THERE ARE 6 PROTONS THE ATOMIC NUMBER IS 6. CARBON IS THE ELEMENT WITH AN ATOMIC NUMBER OF 6.
Dmitri Mendeleev• INVENTED THE PERIODIC TABLE
• ELEMENTS ARE IN ROWS BY INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER
• PERIODS - ROWS 1-7• GROUPS – COLUMNS 1-18
FAMILIES
• CAN BE 1 OR MORE COLUMNS THAT ARE GROUPED TOGETHER.
• THEY HAVE NAMES INSTEAD OF NUMBERS.
• ARE TOGETHER BASED ON REACTING THE SAME CHEMICALLY
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALI METALSHYDROGEN IS NOT INCLUDED
VERY SOFT METALSVERY REACTIVE1 ELECTRON IN THE OUTER SHELL
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
-REACTIVE METALS
-THEY ALWAYS COMBINE WITH NONMETALS
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
TRANSITION METALSGROUPS 3 – 12
LESS REACTIVE
HARDER METALS
CAN PUT 32 ELECTRONS IN THE LAST SHELL
USED FOR JEWELRY
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
BORON FAMILY
MOST ARE METALS
THEY HAVE 3 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
CARBON FAMILY-IMPORTANT FOR LIFE
- 4 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL
-CONTAINS METALS, METALLOIDS, AND A NON- METAL WHICH IS CARBON Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
NITROGEN
CONTAINS METALS, METALLOIDS, AND NON-METALS.
MAKES UP 75% OF ATMOSPHERE
5 ELECTRONS IN OUTER SHELL
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
OXYGENCONTAINS METALS, METALLOIDS, AND NONMETALS
REACTIVE
6 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
HALOGEN GROUP
ARE VERY REACTIVE
ARE ALL NON-METALS
USED AS DISINFECTANTS
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
NOBLE GASES
ARE GASES
NON-METALS
8 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
RARE EARTH METALS
CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
SOME ARE RADIOACTIVE
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
THE END
ANY QUESTIONS?
