Upload
others
View
8
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.1
.Spe
ctru
mof
hydr
ogen
atom
136 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
.Spe
ctru
mof
heliu
mat
om
A Atomic Spectra 137
Fig. A.3. Spectrum of lithium atom
138 A Atomic Spectra
Fig. A.4. Spectrum of beryllium atom
A Atomic Spectra 139
Fig. A.5. Spectrum of boron atom
140 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.6
.Spe
ctru
mof
carb
onat
om
A Atomic Spectra 141
Fig
.A.7
.Spe
ctru
mof
nitr
ogen
atom
142 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.8
.Spe
ctru
mof
oxyg
enat
om
A Atomic Spectra 143
Fig
.A.9
.Spe
ctru
mof
fluor
ine
atom
144 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.1
0.Sp
ectr
umof
neon
atom
A Atomic Spectra 145
Fig. A.11. Spectrum of sodium atom
146 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.1
2.Sp
ectr
umof
mag
nesi
umat
om
A Atomic Spectra 147
Fig. A.13. Spectrum of aluminium atom
148 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.1
4.Sp
ectr
umof
silic
onat
om
A Atomic Spectra 149
Fig
.A.1
5.Sp
ectr
umof
phos
phor
usat
om
150 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.1
6.Sp
ectr
umof
sulf
urat
om
A Atomic Spectra 151
Fig
.A.1
7.Sp
ectr
umof
chlo
rine
atom
152 A Atomic Spectra
Fig. A.18. Spectrum of potassium atom
A Atomic Spectra 153
Fig. A.19. Spectrum of copper atom
154 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
0.Sp
ectr
umof
zinc
atom
A Atomic Spectra 155
Fig. A.21. Spectrum of rubidium atom
156 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
2.Sp
ectr
umof
stro
ntiu
mat
om
A Atomic Spectra 157
Fig. A.23. Spectrum of silver atom
158 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
4.Sp
ectr
umof
cadm
ium
atom
A Atomic Spectra 159
Fig. A.25. Spectrum of caesium atom
160 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
6.Sp
ectr
umof
bari
umat
om
A Atomic Spectra 161
Fig
.A.2
7.Sp
ectr
umof
gold
atom
162 A Atomic Spectra
Fig
.A.2
8.Sp
ectr
umof
mer
cury
atom
References
1. L.A. Sena, Units of Physical Units and Their Dimensionalities (Mir, Moscow, 1988)2. D.R. Lide (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th edn. (CRC Press, London,
2003–2004)3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre-gram-second-system-of-units4. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/units5. D.E. Gray (ed.), American Institute of Physics Handbook (McGraw-Hill, New York,
1971)6. A.J. Moses, The Practicing Scientists Book (Van Nostrand, New York, 1978)7. R.C. Reid, J.M. Prausnitz, B.E. Poling, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th edn.
(McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987)8. V.A. Rabinovich, Thermophysical Properties of Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon
(Hemisphere, New York, 1987)9. J. Emsley, The Elements, 2nd edn. (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991)
10. I. Barin, Thermophysical Data of Pure Substances (VCH, New York, 1993)11. A.A. Radzig, B.M. Smirnov, Reference Data on Atoms, Molecules and Ions (Springer,
Berlin, 1985)12. B.M. Smirnov, Physics of Atoms and Ions (Springer, New York, 2003)13. B.M. Smirnov, Clusters and Small Particles in Gases and Plasmas (Springer, New
York, 2000)14. B.M. Smirnov, Physics of Ionized Gases (Wiley, New York, 2001)15. B.M. Smirnov, Principles of Statistical Physics (Wiley, Berlin, 2006)16. B.M. Smirnov, Plasma Processes and Plasma Kinetics (Wiley, Berlin, 2007)17. V.Y. Baranov (ed.), Isotopes. Properties, Generation, Applications (Atomizdat,
Moscow, 2000) (in Russian)18. R.B. Firestone, Tables of Isotopes (Wiley, New York, 1996)19. http://en.wikpedia.org/wki/stableisotope20. H. Budzikiewicz, R.D. Grigsby, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 25, 146 (2006)21. L.G.H. Huxley, R.W. Crompton, The Diffusion and Drift of Electrons in Gases (Wiley,
New York, 1973)22. H.A. Bethe, Quantenmechanik der Ein- und Zweielectronenprobleme. Handbuch der
Physik, vol. 24-1 (Springer, Berlin, 1933)23. H.A. Bethe, E.E. Salpeter, Quantum Mechanics of One and Two-Electron Atoms
(Springer, Berlin, 1957)24. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980)25. T.F. Gallagher, Rydberg Atoms (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994)
164 References
26. V.S. Lebedev, I.L. Beigman, Physics of Highly Excited Atoms and Ions (Springer,Berlin, 1988)
27. V.S. Lebedev, I.L. Beigman, Phys. Rep. 250, 95 (1995)28. W. Pauli, Z. Phys. 31, 765 (1925)29. H.A. Bethe, Intermediate Quantum Mechanics (Benjamin, New York, 1964)30. B.M. Smirnov, Negative Ions (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982)31. T. Anderson, H.K. Haugen, H. Hotop, J. Chem. Phys. Ref. Data 28, 1511 (1999)32. G. Racah, Phys. Rev. 61, 186 (1942)33. G. Racah, Phys. Rev. 62, 438 (1942)34. E.U. Condon, G.H. Shortley, Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1949)35. L.I. Sobelman, Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions (Springer, Berlin, 1979)36. F. Hund, Linienspectren and periodisches System der Elemente (Springer, Berlin, 1927)37. M.G. Veselov, L.N. Labtzovskij, Theory of the Atom. Structure of Electron Shells
(Nauka, Moscow, 1986) (in Russian)38. J. Barrett, Atomic Structure and Periodicity (Wiley, Berlin, 2003)39. V.P. Krainov, H.R. Reiss, B.M. Smirnov, Radiative Processes in Atomic Physics (Wiley,
New York, 1997)40. S. Bashkin, J. Stoner, Atomic Energy Levels and Grotrian Diagrams (North-Holland,
Amsterdam, 1975–1982) Vols. 1–441. A.S. Yatzenko, Grotrian Diagrams of Neutral Atoms (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1993) (in
Russian)42. A.S. Yatzenko, Grotrian Diagrams of Singly Charged Ions (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1996)
(in Russian)43. K.N. Huang, Atomic Energy Levels and Grotrian Diagrams of Iron (North-Holland,
Amsterdam, 1999)44. T. Shirai, J. Sugar, W. Wiese et al., Spectral Data and Grotrian Diagrams for Highly
Ionized Atoms (Am. Inst. of Phys., New York, 2000)45. G.G. Telegin, A.S. Yatzenko, Optical Spectra of Atmospheric Gases (Nauka, Novosi-
birsk, 2000) (in Russian)46. A.S. Yatzenko, Grotrian Diagrams of Multicharged Ions (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 2001)
(in Russian)47. A.S. Yatzenko, Optical Spectra of H and He-like Ions (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 2003) (in
Russian)48. A.S. Yatzenko, Optical Spectra of Li and Be-like Ions (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 2005) (in
Russian)49. W.L. Wiese, M.W. Smith, B.M. Glennon, Atomic Transition Probabilities—H through
Ne, vol. 1. National Standard Reference Data Series, vol. 4 (Natl. Bur. of Standards,New York, 1966)
50. W.L. Wiese, M.W. Smith, B.M. Miles, Atomic Transition Probabilities—Na throughCa, vol. 2. National Standard Reference Data Series, vol. 22 (Natl. Bur. of Standards,New York, 1969)
51. W.L. Wiese, B.M. Glennon, Atomic transition probabilities, in American Institute ofPhysics Handbook, ed. by D.E. Gray (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972), pp. 200–263,Chap. 7
52. W.L. Wiese, G.A. Martin, Transition Probabilities, in Wavelengths and Transition Prob-abilities for Atoms and Atomic Ions, Part II. National Standard Reference Data Series,vol. 68 (Natl. Bur. of Standards, New York, 1980), pp. 359–406;
53. http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD1/
References 165
54. L.A. Vainstein, I.I. Sobelman, E.A. Yukov, Excitation of Atoms and Broadening of Spec-tral Lines (Nauka, Moscow, 1979) (in Russian)
55. V.S. Lisitsa, Atoms in Plasmas (Springer, Berlin, 1994)56. W. Heitler, F. London, Z. Phys. 44, 445 (1927)57. S.C. Wang, Z. Phys. 28, 363 (1927)58. B.M. Smirnov, Phys. Usp. 44, 221 (2001)59. B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 345 (1965)60. E.E. Fermi, Nuovo Cim. 11, 157 (1934)61. M.Ya. Ovchinnikova, Sov. Phys. JETP 22, 194 (1966)62. B.M. Smirnov, Teor. Exp. Khim. 22, 194 (1971)63. Yu.N. Demkov, V.N. Ostrovskii, Method of Potentials of Zero-th Radius in Atomic
Physics (Plenum, New York, 1988)64. K.P. Huber, G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. Constants of
Diatomic Molecules (Van Nostrand, New York, 1979)65. S.V. Khristenko, A.I. Maslov, V.P. Shevelko, Molecules and Their Spectroscopic Prop-
erties (Springer, Berlin, 1998)66. R.S. Mulliken, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2, 60 (1930)67. F. Hund, Z. Phys. 36, 637 (1936)68. E.E. Nikitin, Opt. Spektrosk. 22, 379 (1966)69. E.E. Nikitin, B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. Usp. 21, 95 (1978)70. E.E. Nikitin, S.J. Umanskii, Theory of Slow Atomic Collisions (Springer, Berlin, 1984)71. E.E. Nikitin, B.M. Smirnov, Atomic and Molecular Processes (Nauka, Moscow, 1988)
(in Russian)72. B.M. Smirnov, in Theory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, ed. by A. Lagana, G. Land-
vay. NATO Science Series, vol. 145 (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004), pp. 129–14873. E. Wigner, E.E. Witmer, Z. Phys. 51, 859 (1928)74. R.S. Mulliken, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2, 1440 (1930)75. R.S. Mulliken, Rev. Mod. Phys. 4, 1 (1932)76. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. I. Diatomic Molecules (Van
Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, 1939)77. A.D. Gaydon, Dissociative Energies and Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Chapman &
Hall, London, 1947)78. B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. Usp. 26, 31 (1983)79. L.D. Laude (ed.), Excimer Lasers. NATO Science Series. Series E: Applied Sciences
(Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1989)80. L.D. Laude, Excimer Lasers (Springer, Berlin, 1994)81. D. Basting, G. Marowsky, Excimer Laser Technology (Springer, Berlin, 2005)82. L.B. Loeb, Basic Processes of Gaseous Electronics (University of California Press,
Berkeley, 1955)83. N.F. Mott, H.S.W. Massey, The Theory of Atomic Collisions (Clarendon, Oxford, 1965)84. E.W. McDaniel, J.B.A. Mitchell, M.E. Rudd, Atomic Collisions (Wiley, New York,
1993)85. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Mechanics (Pergamon, London, 1980)86. G.F. Drukarev, Collisions of Electrons with Atoms and Molecules (Plenum, New York,
1987)87. P. Burke, Theory of Electron–Atom Collisions (Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge, 1995)88. A.L. Gillardini, Low-Electron Collisions in Gases (Wiley, New York, 1972)
166 References
89. I.E. McCarthy, E. Weigold, Electron–Atom Collisions (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1995)
90. T.F. O’Malley, Phys. Rev. 130, 1020 (1963)91. B.M. Smirnov, Physics of Ionized Gases (Atomizdat, Moscow, 1972) (in Russian)92. C. Ramsauer, Ann. Phys. 72, 345 (1923)93. C. Ramsauer, R. Kollath, Ann. Phys. 3, 536 (1929)94. L.S. Frost, A.V. Phelps, Phys. Rev. A 136, 1538 (1964)95. T. Koizumi, E. Shirakawa, E. Ogawa, J. Phys. B. 19, 2334 (1986)96. D.F. Register, L. Vuskovic, S. Trajimar, J. Phys. B 19, 1685 (1986)97. R.P. McEachran, A.D. Stauffer, J. Phys. B 20, 3483 (1987)98. M. Suzuki et al., J. Phys. D 25, 50 (1992)99. J.L. Pack et al., J. Appl. Phys. 71, 5363 (1992)
100. B.M. Smirnov, Phys. Usp. 45, 1251 (2002)101. E.M. Lifshits, L.P. Pitaevskii, Physical Kinetics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1981)102. L. Gurevich, Fundamentals of Physical Kinetics (Gostekhizdat, Leningrad, 1940)
(in Russian)103. H.S.W. Massey, E.H.S. Burhop, Electronic and Ionic Impact Phenomena (Oxford Uni-
versity Press, Oxford, 1969)104. E.W. McDaniel, E.A. Mason, The Mobility and Diffusion of Ions in Gases (Wiley, New
York, 1973)105. H.S.W. Massey, Atomic and Molecular Collisions (Taylor and Francis, New York,
1979)106. E.A. Mason, E.W. McDaniel, Transport Properties of Ions in Gases (Wiley, New York,
1988)107. A. Dalgarno, Philos. Trans. A 250, 428 (1958)108. O.B. Firsov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 21, 1001 (1951)109. D. Rapp, W.E. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2631 (1962)110. H.S.W. Massey, H.B. Gilbody, Electronic and Ionic Impact Phenomena (Oxford Uni-
versity Press, London, 1974)111. S. Sakabe, Y. Izawa, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 49, 257 (1991)112. L.A. Sena, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 9, 1320 (1939)113. L.A. Sena, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 16, 734 (1946)114. L.A. Sena, Collisions of Electrons and Ions with Atoms (Gostekhizdat, Leningrad,
1948) (in Russian)115. B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. JETP 19, 692 (1964)116. B.M. Smirnov, Phys. Scripta 61, 595 (2000)117. B.M. Smirnov, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 92, 951 (2001)118. A.V. Kosarim, B.M. Smirnov, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 101, 611 (2005)119. A.V. Kosarim, B.M. Smirnov, M. Capitelli, R. Celiberto, A. Larichuita, Phys. Rev. A
74, 062707 (2006)120. J.J. Thomson, Philos. Mag. 23, 449 (1912)121. L. Thomas, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 28, 713 (1927)122. D. Webster, W. Hansen, F. Duveneck, Phys. Rev. 43, 833 (1933)123. G.H. Wannier, Phys. Rev. 90, 817 (1953)124. H. Bethe, Ann. Phys. 4, 325 (1930)125. M. Seaton, in Atomic and Molecular Processes, ed. by D.R. Botes (Academic Press,
New York, 1962)126. A.E. Kingston, Phys. Rev. A 135, 1537 (1964)127. A.E. Kingston, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 87, 193 (1966)
References 167
128. A.E. Kingston, J. Phys. B 1, 559 (1968)129. W.L. Fite, R.T. Brackman, Phys. Rev. 112, 1141 (1958)130. D. Rapp, P. Englander-Golden, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 1464 (1965)131. D.R. Long, R. Geballe, Phys. Rev. A 1, 260 (1970)132. L. Vriens, T.F.M. Bonsen, J.A. Smith, Physica 40, 229 (1968)133. R.L.F. Boyd, G.W. Green, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 71, 351 (1958)134. K. Dolder, M.F.A. Harrison, P.C. Thonemann, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A Math. Phys. Sci.
264, 367 (1961)135. R.H. McFahrland, J.D. Kinney, Phys. Rev. A 137, 1058 (1965)136. H. Deutsch et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 197, 37 (2000)137. H. Deutsch et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 243, 215 (2005)138. H. Deutsch et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 246, 113 (2005)139. H. Deutsch, K. Becker, T.D. Märk, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 271, 58 (2008)140. E.J. McQuire, Phys. Rev. A 3, 267 (1971)141. E.J. McQuire, Phys. Rev. A 16, 62 (1977)142. E.J. McQuire, Phys. Rev. A 20, 445 (1979)143. M.A. Lennon et al., J.Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 17, 1285 (1988)144. R.S. Brusa et al., Z. Phys. D 38, 279 (1996)145. G.G. Raju, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 11, 649 (2004)146. J.S. Townsend, Electricity in Gases (Clarendon, Oxford, 1915)147. J.S. Townsend, Motion of Electrons in Gases (Clarendon, Oxford, 1925)148. J.S. Townsend, Electrons in Gases (Hutchinson, London, 1947)149. E. Nasser, Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and Plasma Electronics (Wiley, New
York, 1971)150. D.E. Davies, F. Llewellyn-Jones, C.G. Morgan, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 80, 898 (1962)151. L.M. Chanin, G.D. Rork, Phys. Rev. A 133, 1005 (1964)152. J. Dutton, M.H. Hughes, B.C. Tan, J. Phys. B 2, 890 (1969)153. T. Sakurai, Y. Ito, T. Ueda, Y. Inoue, H. Hori, J. Phys. D 14, 9 (1981)154. A.A. Kruithof, Physica 7, 519 (1940)155. D.E. Davies, J.G.C. Milne, Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 10, 301 (1959)156. L.M. Chanin, G.D. Rork, Phys. Rev. A 132, 2553 (1963)157. B.A. Willis, C.G. Morgan, Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 1, 1219 (1968)158. C.S. Lakshminarasimha, J. Lucas, J. Phys. D 10, 313 (1977)159. L.T. Specht, S.A. Lawton, T.A. DeTempe, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 166 (1980)160. H.N. Kücükarpaci, J. Lucas, J. Phys. D 14, 2001 (1981)161. A.E.D. Heylen, Int. J. Electron. 31, 19 (1971)162. S.C. Brown, Basic Data of Plasma Physics: The Fundamental Data on Electrical Dis-
charges in Gases (Wiley, New York, 1966)163. J. Dutton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4, 577 (1975)164. A.A. Kruithof, F.M. Penning, Physica 4, 430 (1937)165. A.A. Kruithof, M.J. Druyvestein, Physica 4, 450 (1937)166. B.M. Smirnov, Ions and Excited Atoms in Plasma (Atomizdat, Moscow, 1974) (in
Russian)167. B.M. Smirnov, Excited Atoms (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1982) (in Russian)168. J.J. Thomson, Philos. Mag. 47, 337 (1924)169. D.R. Bates, A.E. Kingston, Nature 189, 652 (1961)170. D.R. Bates, A.E. Kingston, R.W.P. Mc Whirter, Proc. R. Soc., A Math. Phys. Sci. 267,
297 (1962)
168 References
171. D.R. Bates, A.E. Kingston, R.W.P. Mc Whirter, Proc. R. Soc., A Math. Phys. Sci. 270,155 (1962)
172. L.M. Biberman, V.S. Vorob’ev, I.T. Iakubov, Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Low Temper-ature Plasma (Consultants Bureau, New York, 1987)
173. B.M. Smirnov, High Temp. 24, 239 (1986)174. S.L. Guberman (ed.), Dissociative Recombination of Molecular Ions with Electrons
(Springer, Berlin, 2003)175. A.I. Florescu-Mitchell, J.B.A. Mitchell, Phys. Rep. 430, 277 (2006)176. M. Larsson, A.E. Orel, Dissociative Recombination of Molecular Ions (Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, Cambridge, 2008)177. A.V. Eletskii, B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. Usp. 25, 13 (1981)178. B.M. Smirnov, Cluster Ions and van der Waals Molecules (Gordon & Breach, Philadel-
phia, 1992)179. B.M. Smirnov, Sov. Phys. JETP 45, 731 (1977)180. H.S.W. Massey, Negative Ions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976)181. S.J. Burns, J.M. Matthews, D.L. McFadden, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 19436 (1996)182. E. Illenberger, B.M. Smirnov, Phys. Usp. 41, 651 (1998)183. Y.P. Raizer, Gas Discharge Physics (Springer, Berlin, 1991)184. M. Capitelli, C.M. Ferreira, B.F. Gordiets, A.I. Osipov, Plasma Kinetics in Atmospheric
Gases (Springer, Berlin, 2000)185. S. Chapman, T.G. Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform Gases (Cam-
bridge University Press, Cambridge, 1952)186. J.H. Ferziger, H.G. Kaper, Mathematical Theory of Transport Processes in Gases
(North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1972)187. Reference Data for Rate Constants of Elementary Processes Involving Atoms, Ions,
Electrons and Photons (Izd. Petersb. Univ., Petersburg, 1994) (in Russian)188. N.B. Vargaftik, Tables of Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases, 2nd edn.
(Halsted, New York, 1975)189. C.J. Zwakhals, K.W. Reus, Physica C 100, 231 (1980)190. N.B. Vargaftic, L.N. Filipov, A.A. Tarismanov, E.E. Totzkii, Reference Data for
Thermal Conductivities of Liquids and Gases (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1990) (inRussian)
191. N.B. Vargaftic, Reference Book on Thermophysical Properties of Gases and Liquids(Nauka, Moscow, 1972) (in Russian)
192. A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17, 549 (1905)193. A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 19, 371 (1906)194. J.S. Townsend, V.A. Bailey, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci. 193,
129 (1899)195. J.S. Townsend, V.A. Bailey, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci. 195,
259 (1900)196. A. Dalgarno, M.R.C. McDowell, A. Williams, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A:
Math. Phys. Sci. 250, 411 (1958)197. A.M. Tyndall, The Mobility of Positive Ions in Gases (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1938)198. R.W. Crompton, M.T. Elford, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 74, 497 (1964)199. H.W. Ellis, R.Y. Pai, E.W. McDaniel, E.A. Mason, L.A. Viehland, At. Data Nucl. Data
Tables 17, 177 (1976)200. H.W. Ellis, E.W. McDaniel, D.L. Albritton, L.A. Viehland, S.L. Lin, E.A. Mason, At.
Data Nucl. Data Tables 22, 179 (1978)
References 169
201. H.W. Ellis, M.G. Trackston, E.W. McDaniel, E.A. Mason, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables31, 113 (1984)
202. L.A. Viehland, E.A. Mason, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 60, 37 (1995)203. T. Holstein, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 832 (1952)204. Yu.P. Mordvinov, B.M. Smirnov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 48, 133 (1965)205. T. Kihara, Rev. Mod. Phys. 25, 944 (1953)206. B.M. Smirnov, Atomic Collisions and Elementary Processes in Plasma (Atomizdat,
Moscow, 1968) (in Russian)207. V.I. Perel, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 32, 526 (1957)208. B.M. Smirnov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 181, 61 (1968)209. W.P. Allis, in Handbuch der Physik, vol. 21, ed. by S. Flügge (Springer, Berlin, 1956),
p. 383210. D. Ter Haar, H. Wergeland, Elements of Thermodynamics (Addison-Wesley, London,
1966)211. E. Stanley, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena (Oxford Univer-
sity Press, New York, 1971)212. B.M. Smirnov, Phys. Usp. 44, 1229 (2001)213. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980)214. P. Debye, E. Hückel, Z. Phys. 24, 185 (1923)215. I. Langmuir, L. Tonks, Phys. Rev. 34, 376 (1927)216. C.D. Child, Phys. Rev. (Ser. I) 32, 492 (1911)217. I. Langmuir, Phys. Rev. 2, 450 (1913)218. S. Ino, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 27, 941 (1969)219. V.G. Baidakov, Reviews of Thermophysical Properties of Substances, No. 69 (IVTAN,
Moscow, 1988) (in Russian)220. V.G. Baidakov, Interface of Simple Classical and Quantum Liquids (Nauka, Ekaterin-
burg, 1994) (in Russian)221. R.A. Aziz, M.J. Slaman, Chem. Phys. 130, 187 (1989)222. R.A. Aziz, M.J. Slaman, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 1030 (1990)223. A.K. Dham, A.R. Allnatt, W.J. Meath, R.A. Aziz, Mol. Phys. 67, 1291 (1989)224. A.K. Dham, W.J. Meath, A.R. Allnatt, R.A. Aziz, M.J. Slaman, Chem. Phys. 142, 173
(1990)225. N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New
York, 1976)226. Ch. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (Wiley, New York, 1986)227. B.M. Smirnov, R.S. Berry, Phase Transitions of Simple Systems (Springer, Berlin,
2007)228. Ch. Kittel, Thermal Physics (Wiley, New York, 1970)229. P. Drude, Ann. Phys. 1, 566 (1900)230. P. Drude, Ann. Phys. 3, 369 (1900)231. I.M. Lifshitz, M.Ya. Azbel’, M.I. Kaganov, Electron Theory of Metals (Consultants
Bureau, New York, 1973)
Index
absorption coefficient 40absorption cross section 40abundance of elements 3abundance of isotopes 4affinity to hydrogen atom 65affinity to oxygen atom 65aggregate state of elements 128air plasma, processes 97, 98angle wave function 13amplitude of scattering 73angular atom momentum 11, 17anharmonic constant of diatomic 47,
49–51associative ionization 91asymptotic atom parameters 22atomization enthalpy 128attachment of electron to molecule 95, 96autodetaching state 76, 97autoionizing state 91
balance equation for number density 76binding energy of cluster atoms 124boiling point of metals 122, 123Boltzmann formula 41broadening of spectral lines 39
capture cross section 79CGS system of units 2Chapman–Enskog approximation 100closest approach distance 71conductivity of metals 130conversion factors for units 6correlation between atomic and molecular
states 53covalence chemical bond 46critical parameters 116, 117
cross section of resonant charge exchange40, 81
cross section of collision 71
Dalgarno formula 104Debye–Hückel radius 119Debye temperature 129, 133degenerate electron gas 131density of elements at room temperature
129density of liquid clusters 122density of metals 130differential cross section 71, 72diffusion coefficient 99diffusion coefficient for atomic ion in parent
gas 107–109diffusion coefficient of clusters 122diffusion cross section 72, 73diffusion of electrons in gases 111diffusion of metastable atoms in gases 113dissociation energy for diatomic 49dissociation energy for negative diatomic
ion 51dissociation energy for positive diatomic ion
50dissociative recombination 93, 94Doppler broadening of spectral lines 41
effective principle quantum number 15Einstein coefficient 37Einstein relation 104electromagnetic (CGSM) system of units
2electron affinity for atoms 31electron affinity of diatomic molecules 64electron drift in gases 111electron–ion recombination 93electron mobility in metals 133
172 Index
electron scattering length 47, 59, 73electron term of diatomic molecule 47, 49electron term of excited atom states 32electron term of ground atom state 30, 32electron term for negative diatomic ion 51electron term of negative atomic ion 31electron term for positive diatomic ion 50electron wave function for hydrogen atom
11electrostatic (CGSE) system of units 2enthalpy of bulk atomization 128entropy of atomic vapor state 128equation of gas state 114equilibrium distance for diatomic 48, 49evaporation enthalpy 128eveness of molecular state 53, 54exchange interaction 15, 45excimer molecules 46, 66excitation cross section 77excitation energy of atoms 32
Fermi energy of metal electrons 132Fermi formula 47fine structure splitting 14first Townsend coefficient 87free fall velocity of clusters 121frequency distribution function of photons
39fundamental physical constants 1
gaseous constant 115gas discharge plasma 87, 113gas-kinetic cross section 102Grotrian diagrams 16, 18, 39, 135–162
hard sphere model 72Hartree atomic units 9helium atom 16, 136helium-like ions 17Hund empiric rule 23Hund scheme of momentum coupling in
diatomic molecule 48hydrogen atom 11, 135hydrogen-like ions 11
ideality plasma parameter 117, 118impact parameter of collision 71ion drift velocity in parent gas 103, 108,
109
ion–ion chemical bond 46ionization equilibrium 118ionization potential of atomic ions 30ionization potential of atoms 30ionization potential of diatomic 49isotopes 2
jj -scheme of momentum coupling 24, 25
lanthanides 124Larmor frequency 10lattice constant 129lifetime of resonantly excited atom state
35, 42, 43lifetime of radioactive isotopes 5liquid drop model 120long-range interaction 43Lorenz broadening of spectral lines 41LS-scheme of momentum coupling 23
mean free path 103mean free path of electrons in metalsmelting points of elements 130metal thermal conductivity 130mobility of atomic ions in parent gases
106, 107mobility of charged clusters 121mobility of ions in gases 105mutual neutralization of ions 95
nanoparticles 120
one-electron approximation 15oscillator strength for atom transition 34,
37
parameters of charge exchange cross section82
parentage atom scheme 19parity of molecule state 53, 54Pashen notations 28Pauli exclusion principle 15Penning process 91plasma frequency 119polarizability of atom 36, 45polarizability of molecule 36, 63polarization capture 79polarization interaction 45potential curves of molecules 55–63principle quantum number 11
Index 173
principle of detailed balance 78
quadrupole moment 44quantum defect 15quasi-statistic broadening of spectral lines
42quenching rate constant 77
Racah coefficient 21radial wave function 11, 13radiative transitions in hydrogen atom 38radiative transitions for heliumlike ions 39Ramsauer effect 74rate constant 76reduced binding energy for bulk atoms
124, 125reduced rate constant of cluster growth
120–122resonant charge exchange 79resonantly excited state 29, 34, 43rotational constant 48rotation energy for diatomic 47, 49rotation constant for negative diatomic ion
51rotation constant for positive diatomic ion
50Rutherford formula 85Rydberg states 15
Saha formula 118scaling law 127saturation vapor pressure 126scattering phase 72selection laws for radiation 39self-diffusion coefficient 101Sena effect 105shell atom structure 18shell of valence electrons for atom ground
state 31
shell of valence electrons for excited atomstates 32
shell of valence electrons for negative ion31
SI units 2, 6Sommerfeld radius 132, 133specific surface energy of clusters 124,
125spin–orbit interaction 13, 25splitting of atom levels 35standard atomic weights 2stepwise atom ionization 93stimulated emission cross section 40system of atomic units 7
thermal conductivity coefficient 99Thomson model for atom ionization by
electron impact 85three body recombination process 93three halves law 120total cross section 41, 72Townsend 6, 112transport cross section 72, 73types of crystal lattices 124, 129
van der Waals equation 115van der Waals interaction constant 45vibration energy for diatomic 47, 49vibration energy for negative diatomic ion
51vibration energy for positive diatomic ion
50viscosity coefficient 99
wavelength of radiative transition 33, 37Weiskopf radius 47Wigner–Seits radius 120work function for metals 130zero-field mobility of electrons in gases
111
Springer Series on
ATOMIC, OPTICAL, AND PLASMA PHYSICS
Editors-in-Chief:
Professor G.W.F. DrakeDepartment of Physics, University of Windsor401 Sunset, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
Professor Dr. G. EckerRuhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieLehrstuhl Theoretische Physik IUniversitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Professor Dr. H. Kleinpoppen, EmeritusStirling University, Stirling, UK, andFritz-Haber-InstitutMax-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Editorial Board:
Professor W.E. BaylisDepartment of Physics, University of Windsor401 Sunset, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
Professor Uwe BeckerFritz-Haber-InstitutMax-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Professor Philip G. BurkeBrook House, Norley LaneCrowton, Northwich CW8 2RR, UK
Professor R.N. ComptonOak Ridge National LaboratoryBuilding 4500S MS6125Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Professor M.R. FlannerySchool of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA
Professor C.J. JoachainFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre BruxellesBvd du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
Professor B.R. JuddDepartment of PhysicsThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21218, USA
Professor K.P. KirbyHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Professor P. Lambropoulos, Ph.D.Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik85748 Garching, Germany, andFoundation for Researchand Technology – Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.),Institute of Electronic Structureand Laser (IESL),University of Crete, PO Box 1527Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece
Professor G. LeuchsFriedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-NürnbergLehrstuhl für Optik, Physikalisches InstitutStaudtstrasse 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Professor P. MeystreOptical Sciences CenterThe University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA
Springer Series on
ATOMIC, OPTICAL, AND PLASMA PHYSICS
20 Electron Emissionin Heavy Ion–Atom CollisionBy N. Stolterfoht, R.D. DuBois,and R.D. Rivarola
21 Molecules and Their SpectroscopicPropertiesBy S.V. Khristenko, A.I. Maslov,and V.P. Shevelko
22 Physics of Highly Excited Atoms and IonsBy V.S. Lebedev and I.L. Beigman
23 Atomic Multielectron ProcessesBy V.P. Shevelko and H. Tawara
24 Guided-Wave-Produced PlasmasBy Yu.M. Aliev, H. Schlüter,and A. Shivarova
25 Quantum Statistics of Nonideal PlasmasBy D. Kremp, M. Schlanges,and W.-D. Kraeft
26 Atomic Physics with Heavy IonsBy H.F. Beyer and V.P. Shevelko
27 Quantum SqueezingBy P.D. Drumond and Z. Ficek
28 Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams IBasic Theory, Production and Detectionof Thermal EnergyBeams By H. Pauly
29 Polarization, Alignment and Orientationin Atomic CollisionsBy N. Andersen and K. Bartschat
30 Physics of Solid-State Laser PhysicsBy R.C. Powell(Published in the former Series on Atomic,Molecular, and Optical Physics)
31 Plasma Kinetics in Atmospheric GasesBy M. Capitelli, C.M. Ferreira,B.F. Gordiets, A.I. Osipov
32 Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams IICluster Beams, Fast and Slow Beams,Accessory Equipment and ApplicationsBy H. Pauly
33 Atom OpticsBy P. Meystre
34 Laser Physics at Relativistic IntensitiesBy A.V. Borovsky, A.L. Galkin,O.B. Shiryaev, T. Auguste
35 Many-Particle Quantum Dynamicsin Atomic and Molecular FragmentationEditors: J. Ullrich and V.P. Shevelko
36 Atom Tunneling Phenomena in Physics,Chemistry and BiologyEditor: T. Miyazaki
37 Charged Particle TrapsPhysics and Techniquesof Charged Particle Field ConfinementBy V.N. Gheorghe, F.G. Major, G. Werth
38 Plasma Physicsand Controlled Nuclear FusionBy K. Miyamoto
39 Plasma-Material Interactionin Controlled FusionBy D. Naujoks
40 Relativistic Quantum Theoryof Atoms and MoleculesTheory and ComputationBy I.P. Grant
41 Turbulent Particle-Laden Gas FlowsBy A.Y. Varaksin
42 Phase Transitions of Simple SystemsBy B.M. Smirnov and S.R. Berry
43 Collisions of Charged Particleswith MoleculesBy Y. Itikawa
44 Plasma Polarization SpectroscopyEditors: T. Fujimoto and A. Iwamae
45 Emergent Non-Linear Phenomenain Bose–Einstein CondensatesTheory and ExperimentEditors: P.G. Kevrekidis,D.J. Frantzeskakis,and R. Carretero-González
46 Angle and Spin Resolved Auger EmissionTheory and Applications to Atomsand MoleculesBy B. Lohmann