ATC- Newsletter issue 002

7/29/2019 ATC- Newsletter issue 002

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ARUSHA TECHNICAL COLLEGE

‘Skills make the diference’

Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda lays foundation

stone for Civil and Irrigation Engineering Building

a during the third graduation ceremony on 21st

February 2012

www.atc.ac.tz

Inside....

- Prime Minister’s visit inspired ATC

students

- ATC, TANGA Cement strike a deal

- ATC produces Hydropower

Turbine

- Minister nods onATC Strategic Plan

A Biannual Publication of Arusha Technical College May - October, 2012 Issue 002



2

Arusha Technical College www.atc.ac.tz

May-October 2012 Arusha Technnical College bi-annual newsletter . Issue No.2

2

From the Principal’s Desk ............................................. 2

From Editor’s Desk ....................................................... 4

Prime Minister’s visit inspired ATC students & sta ..... 5

ATC, TANGA Cement strike a deal ............................... 6

ATC produces Hydropower Turbine ............................. 7

Minister nods on ATC’s Strategic Plan ......................... 8-9

News in Pictures ....................................................... 10-11

A Success Story .......................................................... 12Need to adapt urine diverting toilets in Arusha ............ 14

How Girls ‘ educationa empowers women .............. 15-16

Free fuel source potentially everlasting .................. 17-18

Road maintanance is crucial ................................... 19-20

New employment/Sta Development ........................... 23

News in Brief ................................................................ 10

The Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Hon. Eng. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (MP) (left)

during his visit to the College on 22nd September 2011. On the right side is the Principal of ATC,Eng. Dr. Richard Masika

Published By:

Arusha Technical College

P.O.Box 296, Arusha,Tanzania

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.atc.ac.tz

Editor

Gasto Leseiyo

Assistant Editor

E.P Sikawa

Consulting Editor

Deogratias Mushi

Sauli Gilliard

Editorial Team:

Winston Msuya

Daudi Mtavangu

Benjamin Kutegeza

Dafay Laway

Rocky Sabigoro

Photographs:

Public Relations Unit

Design & Printed by:

iPrint Ltd.

E: [email protected]

A R U S H A T E C

H N I C A L C O L

L E G E

‘ S k i l ls ma k e t he

d i fe re nce ’

P r i m e M i n i s t e r M i z e n g o P in d a l a y s f ou n d a t i o

n

s t o n e f o r C iv i l a n d I r r i g a t i o n E n g in e

e r i n g Bu i l d i n g

a du r i n g t h e t h i r d g r a du a t i o n c e r e m o n y o n 21 s t

F e b ru a r y 2 01 2

w w w.a t c.a c. t z

I n s i d e....

- P r i m e M i n i s t e r

’ s v is it i n s p i r e d

A T C

- A T C, T A N G A C

e m e n t s t i k e a d e

a l

- A T C p r o d u c e s

H y d r o p o w e r T u

r b i n e

- M i n i s t e r n o d s o

n

A T C S t ra t e g ic

P la n

A B ia n n ua l P u b l

i ca t i o n o f A r u s ha

T e c h n i ca l C o l l e g

e Ma y - O c t o b e r, 2 01 2 I s

s u e 0 0 2

CONTENTS





3

More students, improved quality and New

Courses – How possible?

Gone are the days when technical education was the

option doomed or ailures!

We can proudly say that much has been achieved at

the Arusha Technical College (ATC) over the past two

years. To substantiate this, let us mention some o the highlights

o achievement under the themes o the expansion o enrolment,

quality improvement and introduction o new courses.

Currently, the College runs nine programmes at Ordinary

Diploma (i.e. NTA 4-6) level where three o them, namely Auto-

Electric Engineering, Civil & Irrigation Engineering and Laboratory

Sciences and Technology are new programmes introduced in the

past two academic years. At Bachelors Degree Level (i.e., NTA level

7-8) the College currently trains one programme namely Civil

& Irrigation Engineering, which was introduced two years ago.

From August 2009 to the present time, we have increased new

programmes by 67 per cent. All new programmes are exclusively

oered by the ATC and are highly demanded by the labour

market. It is important to note that, the ATC is registered and ully

accredited by the National Council or Technical Education (NACTE)

to oer competence based engineering and Science programmes

at Ordinary Diploma and Bachelors degree levels.

Enrolment has increased signicantly since August 2009. Let

the numbers speak or themselves. In 2009/10 the enrolment atATC was 526 students only. In the current academic year (2011/12),

the enrolment stands at 1,170 students, where 217 (18.5 per cent),

901 (77.1 per cent) and 52 (4.4 per cent) are students pursuing

the vocational, technician, and degree programmes respectively.

Female students’ enrolment has also increased rom 83 in 2009/10

to 186 at present. This augment could be attributed to the impacts

o Sensitisation and awareness campaigns; Pre-Entry Course or

emale candidates; and recruited emale sta (role models). It was

inevitable that expansion at this rate would bear such ruit, thanks

to the administrative sta and students. A larger intake o students

means more students in the classrooms, with some o them

crowded.

It means that all services are stretched to cope with larger

numbers. It means less time or individual attention to students

especially in practical classes. And rom the point o view o

lecturers, it means more projects and examinations to mark. A

number o initiatives though, have been taken to support students

and aculty better, and to ensure that quality is not compromised

at the ATC. For students, these included strengthening o academic

advising, extending the hours o the practical classes, introducing

multi-task practical sessions, extending the opening hours o the

Library including Saturdays and Sundays, assigning academic

counsellors to students, and establishing a ull-edged placement

services or students and graduates through an Industrial Liaison

Ofce.

FROM THE PRINCIPAL’S DESK

On the aculty side, training initiatives have increased

dramatically as a total o 13 members o sta are pursuing urther

studies currently. In addition, teen sta members have been

inducted in teaching and learning methodology by Instructional

Developers rom Canada. Over ty lecturers have been exposed

to curriculum development and critical thinking workshops with

stakeholders. Further, the number o academic sta is expected to

increase rom the current 86, to 131 (52 per cent) by June 2012.

Some other initiatives have been taken to meet the current

and uture challenges. A building with classrooms, laboratories

and sta ofces is under construction and progressing well, based

on the respective contract and commitments by the government

o the United Republic o Tanzania. This building is known as

Umwagiliaji Tower. An administration building is also being

reurbished and expanded. We have engaged the government

and other stakeholders in the discussions aimed at getting enough

unding or the construction o students’ hostel and sta houses.

Despite acing challenges o enrolment and introduction o new

programmes, we have not compromised quality at all. Quality at

ATC is monitored rom the admission stage through teaching and

learning to the graduation stage. Quality is a permanent agenda

in meetings at all departments, the college and Governing Board

levels. In order to improve urther and meet dynamic demands o

the labour market, the College recently decided to establish eldspecic Advisory Committees whose members are proessionals or

employers rom dierent industries.

What is amazing about the increase o enrolment and

programmes is that the College is now attracting more applicants

than any time beore, and most o them scored Division I and

II in their orm oour national examinations. Whereas students

with an average pass o less than C grade at O Level can hardly

gain admission to ATC. On the other hand graduates easily nd

employment immediately ater graduation prior to leaving the

College. At the moment we have several requests rom employers

wishing to recruit our students and eventually employ them. So to

speak, gone are the days when technical education was the optiondoomed or ailures!

The Principal of ATC,

Eng. Dr. Richard Masika



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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK

Mr. Gasto Leseiyo

As we promised in our last issue, we are striving

to keep our esteemed stakeholders informed

of the main events and activities which havetaken place at Arusha Technical College and

the world of Science and Technology in general,

since we published our rst issue mid last year.

Dear Readers,

I

t is our great pleasure to welcome you to this second

issue of the Arusha Technical College Newsletter, famously

known as ATC Newsletter.

The highly motivated sta and the newly appointed ATC

Governing Board would like to wish you, our esteemed readers

and the technical stakeholders ‘Happy New Year’ (Though

some months have elapsed since the year began).

Since we published our rst issue a lot of things have

happened in our fastest growing technical institution, not only

in Tanzania but also in the East African region.

Among many memorable events are the visits of high level

government ocials to our College and specically, the new

projects that include the on-going construction of Irrigation

building which will accommodate laboratories, classes, oce,computer rooms and the innovation and expansion of the

administration block are current going on.

This May-October edition also carries a story about the

visit of the Prime Minister Honourable Mizengo Kayanza Peter

Pinda, the Minister of Education and Vocational Training,

Hon. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa and the Deputy Minister for

Agriculture, Food Security, and Cooperatives, Hon Christopher

Chiza who paid visits at our College at dierent times (now full

minister).

In this edition there is a success story about a former ATC

student Ms Pili Elias who narrates extensively about her career

and experience in the engineering eld and later she advises

female students not to hesitate studying science and other

technology related subjects.

Such stories and others are just a tip of an iceberg prepared

for our esteemed readers in this edition.

We assure you that we shall always keep you informed

and our doors will always remain wide open for your views

and advice, which will eventually challenge us, to improve our

services in the eld of science and technology. The next issue

is scheduled for October 2012.





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The Arusha Technical College(ATC) had the honour to hostthe Prime Minister of theUnited Republic of Tanzania,

Honourable Mizengo Kayanza PeterPinda during ATC’s colourful graduationceremony on 21st January, 2012.

The Premier seized the opportunityto lay down the foundation stone forIrrigation building currently underconstruction.Famously known as‘Umwagiliaji Building’, the new buildingwill be used as laboratory by thestudents who are taking Civil andIrrigation Engineering programme.

The Prime Minister also got a chanceto visit laboratories and workshop,where he witnessed various productsand services rendered by both ATCstudents and sta. Addressing the invited guests, 231graduands, parents and ATC communityat large, Honourable Pinda said thecountry was now in need of moretechnicians than before.

“This is the biggest challenge as nowwe are facing a shortage of techniciansin engineering and technology, and wehave started taking steps to improve

PRIME MINISTER’S

VISIT INSPIRED ATC

STUDENTS & STAFFBy Gasto Leseiyo

the quality of education oered byvocational training colleges “he said.

He went further to advice Tanzaniantechnical colleges to be closelysupervised by the National Council forTechnical Education (NACTE).He stated that by June, last year, NACTEhad already registered 240 institutionsoering technical education across thecountry and added: “….this number isstill small compared to the country’sdemand.”

He however applauded the ATCfor coming up with unique trainingprogrammes which meet the marketdemand.

Recently the college has introducedthe Civil and Irrigation Engineeringprogramme which support the “KilimoKwanza” Initiative and it plans tointroduce new programme of Lapidaryand Jewellery Technology this year.

On the other hand, the PrimeMinister thanked the Ministry of Energyand Minerals for granting the ATC thepermission to renovate and use theKikuletwa Power Station for training andproduction of electricity.

He further appreciated the decision

by the Ministry for allowing the ATC to use the Building of TanzaniaGemmological Centre (TGC) buildingfor Students who will take Lapidary andJewellery Technology programme.

Earlier, the College’s Principal, Eng.Dr. Richard Masika explained in depthabout the institution’s developmentincluding its plan to increase enrolmentof the students from the current 1,170to 1,655 by 2014/2015, purposely tosupport the government in curbingthe shortage of technicians in theengineering elds.

In his speech, the Principle said that ATC was in the process of increasingthe numbers of programmes, which willmeet the market demand in the country.“We are very determined to meet thechallenges facing the country right now.Our role as technical institute is to trainmore experts in this area,” he said.

The acting College BoardChairperson, Ms. Suzan Mnafe said, inorder for ATC to meet its mission, morehad to be done, including improvingteaching and learning, and also doublethe number of female hostels.



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The historical event which took

place on September 22 last year

at ATC was concluded brilliantly

by Eng. Dr. Richard Masika, the

Principal of the institution and Mr. Erik

Westerberg, TCCL Managing Directorwho signed the pact.

Among the agreed issues is that

Tanga Cement will provide two tons of

cement on quarterly basis to ATC for

practical training, and the same rm willalso assist in maintenance and providing

material testing equipment.

Tanga Cement Company Limitedestablished by the Companies Act

By Gasto Leseiyo

TANGA Cement Company Managing Director, Mr. Erik Westerberg (left) and Principal of Arusha Technical College, Dr. Richa rd Masikasign a Memorandum of Understanding

(MOU). Witnessing are Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Hon. Eng. Dr. ShukuruKawambwa (third from right), Italian Development Cooperation Programme

Ofcer, Dr. Daniele Passalacqua (rst right), ATC Vice Principal Administrat ion and Finace, Dr. Erick Mgaya and ATC Vice Principal Academics, Dr. Masudi Senzia

ATC, TANGA CEMENT A GOOD EXAMPLE OF INDUSTRY ACADEMIA COLLABORATION

The Arusha Technical College

(ATC) and the Tanga Cement

Company Limited (TCCL) have

signed a Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) aimed

at promoting professional

technical skills on the better

usage of cement products.

No.12 of 2002 of the laws of the United

Republic of Tanzania also assured

ATC in the signed MoU that it will be

responsible in supporting research on

cement products and other courses

that are directly linked to concretemaintenance and repair.

ATC, the fastest growing technical

education Institution was established

under order No. 78 through the National

Council for Technical Education(NACTE) Act No. 9 of 1997. Apart from

being an academic institution, ATC also

provides technical consultancy for bothgovernment and private sector.





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More than 3,000 visitors, including the

then Minister for Agriculture, Food security

and Cooperatives, Professor Jumanne J.

Maghembe paid a visit at the ATC booth. The

event was held from August 1-8 last year.

The Arusha Technical College (ATC) for the second

time participated in the Tanzania Agricultural

Exhibition 2011, famously known as the Nane Nane.

At the event colored with the slogan ‘We dared,

we Succeeded, We are forging a head’, ATC showcased its

activities publicly including the course its oers.

More than 3,000 visitors, including the Minister for

Agriculture, Food security and Cooperatives, Professor

Jumanne J. Maghembe paid a visit at the ATC booth. Theevent was held from August 1-8 last year.

While at the ATC pavilion, Honorable Maghembe applauded

the institution for designing and producing hydropower

turbine before he set a demonstration for people to see how it

operates.

Various ocials from the government, private and general

public from inside and outside the country paid a visit to the

ATC exhibition area.

Among them was the former Arusha Regional Commissioner,

Isdory Leka Shirima, Arusha District Commissioner, Eng.

Raymond Mushi and Arumeru District Commissioner, Ms.Mercy Silla. Others were Arusha Mayor and Arusha MP .

ATC seized the opportunity to distribute various brochures,

calendars and College’s prospectus to the dierent people

who paid visit to the pavilion.

Most of the visitors were impressed by the mini- hydropower

turbine works.

“We are very much impressed to see what ATC has achieved,

designed and produced this mini- hydropower turbine , we are

optimistic that ATC will be supported by the Government and

other stakeholders, to enable the institute minimize shortage

of electricity rural areas,” says Said Ally, one of the visitor at ATC pavilion.

ATC PRODUCES HYDROPOWER

TURBINEBy Staff Writer

Students from St. Margret Secondary School get get brieng from Mr. Nzoshe Baraka during the

Nane Nane Exhibition August 2011.

From left are two irrigation experts from Japan through the Japan International Cooperation Agency

(JICA) been introduced to the then Minister for Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Hon.

Pof. JumanneMaghembe (MP) when he visited the ATC booth during NaneNane Exhibi tion 2011

The Nane Nane Exhibition is the best avenue for ATC and

other agricultural stakeholders to market their activities to the

general public, especially to farmers. This is an opportunity to

be assessed how they deliver services in the market.



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8

T

he Honorable Minister for

Education and Vocational

Training (MoEVT), Eng. Dr

Shukuru Kawambwa (MP),

recently visited the Arusha TechnicalCollege (ATC) purposely to ocially

inaugurate the institution’s Strategic

Plan, a female hostel, and Industrial

Liaison Oce.

On 22nd September, 2011 Dr

Kawambwa was received by his

host, ATC Principal, Eng. Dr. Richard

Masika along with a number of the ATC

management and academic teams. The

Minister was led to the Principal’s oce

where the two had a brief talk before they

proceeded to the Board Room to meet

MINISTER NODS ON ATC’S

STRATEGIC PLANBy Gasto Leseiyo

the rest of the College Management

team.

In his opening remarks, Dr. Masika

thanked the Minister for visiting ATC

then he requested him to inauguratefemale hostel, Industrial Liaison Oce

(ILO) and College’s Strategic Plan.

Dr. Kawambwa paid impromptu

visit to the male hostel which was

recently renovated by ATC’s internal

development fund.

In the hostel, Dr. Kawambwa had a

chance of inspecting students’ rooms

and receiving brief explanation about the

building before heading to the female

hostel, where he was warmly welcome

by the Dean of Students Eng. Herieth

Shirima who later gave him pertinent

information.

Eng. Shirima told the Minister that

the construction of the female hostel

involved the major three phases whichincluded the frame work, building of

ground oor and rst oor and nally

building of the second oor up to the

fourth and nally furnishing.

In the industrial Liaison oce, the

Minister was received by the Tanzania

Technical Education and Labour Market

Support (TTELMS) Project Director, Dr.

Daniele Passalaqua and Mr. Winston

Msuya who gave brief information about

the oce and its importance to the

Students.

Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Dr. ShukuruKawambwa cuts a ribbon to ocially launch the Arusha Technical College FiveYears Strategic Plan for 2011/2012-2015/2016. From Left i s

thePrincipal of Arusha Technical College,Dr. Richard Masika.





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At the end, Hon. Dr. Kawambwa was

welcome to the dining hall where sta

and students were gathered. This was

an opportunity used by Dr. Masika topresent a brief report about ATC.

In his presentation, Dr. Masika once

more thanked Hon. Kawambwa for

visiting ATC, the fast growing technical

institution in Tanzania.

Dr. Masika informed Dr. Kawambwa

that ATC has realized a number of

achievements over the past years and

these include among others:

• The College has increased the

number of students from 120 in 1978to 953 in 2011 which is an increase

of 700%

• More programmes have been

introduced from four in 1978 to nine

in 2011, an increase of 125%

• The college has succeeded to

produced more than 4,050

technicians who have entered in the

job market since 1978

Apart from the achievements that

ATC has attained, Dr. Masika pointed

out a number of challenges the College

encountered and these include but not

limited to:

• Emerging careers (mainly

dependent on ICT)• Maintenance of QA & QC of

outputs

• Responding to job markets

demands

• Outdated training equipment

• Recruitment and retention of

academic sta

• Escalating training costs

aligned with diminishing

resources

Despite the challenges facing ATC,Dr. Masika indicated some of the short

and long terms plans the College will use

to respond to the challenges mentioned

above, also he requested the Minister to

help Diploma students graduating from

Technical Colleges to require loan from

HESLB.

“We urge the government to provide

HESLB loans to our students in civil and

irrigation engineering because failure to

do so means that we will continue losing

these experts,” he said when brieng

the minister.

In his response, Hon. Dr. Kawambwa

stressed that decision has been reached

to encourage growth of technicaleducation and attract more professionals

in the science and engineering elds

whose demand in the local market

remains high.

He emphasized that the Government

would not waver in supporting Colleges

which produce professionals such as

engineers and allied experts.

He said although the loans were meant

for direct entrants to universities, with

priority being given to form VI scienceleavers, the move to extend loans to

diploma holders in technical education

is a Vital.

He also promised the ATC’s

management that his ministry would

ensure that the construction of the

irrigation building at ATC is completed

on time.

The building for testing soil and water

quality is expected to be completed

next year, a dream that will mark the end

of his memorable visit.

Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Dr. ShukuruKawambwa cuts a ribbon to ocially launch Female Hostel. on the left side is the Principalof ATC, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika.



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NEWS IN PICTURES

The Prime Minister of URT, Mizengo Pinda Receives Information about how Filling Machine

works from the Mechanical Engineering Workshop Manager, Mr. Hamis Mwahu. Behind the

Minister is former Students of ATC, Hon. George SimbachaweneMinister for education and Vocational Training, Eng. Dr Shukuru Kawambwa (right) cuts a

ribbon to ofciall launch industrial Liason Ofce which was built by Tanzania Technical

Education and Labour Market Support (TTELMS) under Italian Development Cooperation

(IDC). On the left side is the TTELMS project director, Dr. Daniele Passalaqua and Eng. Dr.

Richard Masika, Principal of ATC.

Female students from Arusha secondary School during ATC Third Graduation Ceremony 21

st January 2012

The Director General of Tanzania Education Authourity (TEA) Ms. Rosemary A. Lulabuka (right) receives information about Total Station Survey Instrument from the Principal of ATC,

Eng.Dr. Richard Masika. The Instrument were donated to ATC by TEA to support teaching of Civil and Irrigation Engineering Course.

C h ief e xecut ive Oce r of t he U it ze nd i n g M a n a ge r s I n st itu

t io n b a sed i n t he Ne it he r l a nd s , M r.

T h i j s V a n P r a a g a nd t he A r u s h a T ec

h n ic a l Co lle ge P r inc i p a l, D r . R ic h a r d M

a s ik a , s i g n a n

a g r ee me nt u nde r w h ic h t he f o r me r wou ld a s s i st i n t r a i n i

n g tuto r s





11

Minister for Education and Vocation Training, Eng. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa deliver a speech during graduation ceremony

ATC staff together with Instructors from Camosun Community College of Canada posing for

group photo after workshop.The workshop was held on 30th January 2012 to 3rd February 2012

with the aim of imparting knowledge onTeaching Methods to the ATC staff.

Prof. Akwas Boateng from USA gives a Public Lecture on Bio-fuel at Arusha Technical College

recently

Female students from neighbouring secondary school visiting carpentry workshop during Female Sensitization Day.



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A MEMORABLE

FAMILY DAY AT

ATCBy Gasto Leseiyo

The Arusha Technical College (ATC) held its FamilyDay bonanza on 23rd July, 2011. The colorful daywas well attended by ATC sta members who wereaccompanied by their family members to participate in

various games.The institution’s departments competed among themselves

in various games including football, netball, and a tug of wargame, famously known as “kuvuta kamba”, marathon and

chasing hen.After the games, sta members and their families enjoyed

snacks and beverages to their maximum, making the dayabsolutely enjoyable and relaxing.You are an ATC sta member and yet you missed that daylast year? Please don’t do that again in this year’s occasionthat gives the members of this institution time to relax andsocialize.

One of the interesting things which happened in the ropepulling game was a tug-of-war between the Managementteam and Mechanical Engineering Department when Mr.Kamba and Mr. Magh’ehe from transportation and ElectricalEngineering respectively Department tried ineciently to helpthe management team (see them in the picture). At the end of that memorable day, the participants danced andsang moreover, ATC sta got an opportunity of checking uptheir health.

Finally the former Chairperson of ATC Governing Board,

Mr. Abraham Nyanda presented a trophy to the ElectricalEngineering Department team that emerged the overall winner

in the football match.

Tug of war game was one of the interest games during ATC’s family Day

The overall winner in the football match was

the Electrical Engineering Department team





13

Who said women can’t be Engineers?

For many Tanzanians, especially women, the idea of

one becoming an engineer or a technician is still

inconceivable amidst the existing notion that there are

some careers that belong only to men while others arefor women.

Pili Elias, a graduate from Arusha Technical College (ATC)

in engineering department rebus strongly on the notion by

insisting in all carriers, men and women are equal.

The ‘Iron Lady’ who is currently working with MkaweConstruction Company Limited in Arusha City as an

Engineering Technician had a dream of studying Transportation

Engineering and indeed she decided to go for it to translate

her dream into reality.

ATC Newsletter managed to meet Pili at her site of workpurposely to give her a space to tell other Tanzanians andespecially her fellow women that opting and studying technical

studies is possible. Here is the part of conversation with her.

Q: Tell us about your early life?

I completed primary school in 2003 at Mahaha Primary

in Mwanza Region. Between 2004- 2007, I joined Moshi

Technical Secondary School where I obtained Certicate of

Secondary Education. In 2008 I joined the Arusha TechnicalCollege (ATC) where I graduated in 2011 with Ordinary

Diploma in Transportation Engineering. Currently I am working

with Mkawe Construction Company Limited as an Engineering

Technician.

Q: What is Transportation Engineering all about?

Transportation Engineering or High Engineering is about

planning, and designing. We also deal with construction,operation and maintenance of roads, bridges and other related

infrastructures, to ensure eective movement of people and

goods are going on well. Since Transportation Engineering

is the branch of Civil Engineering, one can work in road

A SUCCESS STORY

construction or building construction as I am doing now with

Mkawe Construction Company Limited.

Q: Briey, what are your main duties?

As a Transport Engineering Technician, my responsibilities

include supervising and evaluating project in order to determine

its details such as plan preparation, acceptance, testing anddetermining eld condition.

I also conduct material test and analysis using tools and

equipment and apply engineering knowledge. So briey to say,

I have to ensure everything at the site goes on well, (mutatis

mutandis).

Q: And how long have you been doing this?

One year now. But I have experienced a lot in this eld.

Q: Is this what you always wanted to do?

Yes of course! But it was not specically as Transportation

Engineering Technician, I used to dream of getting a job that

would be based on science-related subjects. My ambition in

this work began when I was still in primary school.

Q: What advice do you give to female students who

run away from Science Subjects, insisting that such

professions are only for men?

They should not fear to venture in science subject insecondary schools and higher learning institutions. What isonly needed for female is to work very hard and put more

eorts in their studies. Also the government should make sure

that all secondary schools have laboratories to encourage all

students not to hesitate in opting science-related subjects.

By Gasto Leseiyo

Ms. Pili El ias (second left) together with the Minister for Education and Vocational Training, Eng. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (rst right) when the Minister tours Arusha

Technical College recently. First left is the Principal of Arusha Technical College, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika.



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“A Urine Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT) is a toiletthat operates without water”

Highlight from millennium Development Goals on

sanitation?

Sanitation refers to the principles and practices relating

to the collection, removal or disposal of human excreta,household wastewater and refuse. The UN Millennium Goals(MDGs, target 10) call for halving the proportion of people

without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

by 2015. This article attempts to explore non conventional

approach to excreta management specically to per-urban

areas of Arusha Municipality. The main purpose of humanexcreta management is to avoid spreading of diseases and

mitigate environmental pollution. It is estimated that about 1.8

million people die every year from diarrheal diseases.

What are the sanitations options currently in use?

The sanitation practices that are promoted today fall

into one of two broad types: “Flush and discharge” or “dropand store”. Flush and discharge is still regarded as the ideal

NEED TO ADAPT URINE DIVERTING

TOILETS IN ARUSHA

MUNICIPALITY By Senzia, M.A.

technology especially for urban areas. For those who cannot

aord the ush and discharge, the conventional alternative isthe drop and store, which is usually a pit latrine (VentilatedImproved or traditional).

General information on Arusha Municipality:

Arusha Municipality is one the six districts of Arusha

Region, with other regions being Monduli, Ngorongoro, Karatu,

Meru and Arusha. It lies at an elevation ranging between 1160m and 1450 m above sea level. Climatically Arusha has a

mean annual rainfall of 844 and has two seasons of rain in

period between October and January as well as in the period

of March and May.

In the 2002 National Census, Arusha Municipalitypopulation was 282,712 and it is estimated to be 671,000 in

2012.

Sanitation segments

Generally, Arusha municipality’s population is highly served

by onsite sanitation (septic tanks and pit latrines) and less than

14% of the population is connected to sewerage system which

is currently seem to be overloaded (the system was designed

for 41,000 people only).

Challenges facing existing excreta management options

In communities where no access to central water or

sewage systems exists, people use often pit latrines. Latrines

are in general a source of nuisances: they smell badly and

attract ies, unattractive to see and to use. Flies are not only

attracted by the latrines, but also by food. Therefore, after ieshave been in the latrine they can infect food with pathogens

(bacteria or others which cause illness). In addition nitrates

and faecal bacteria leaching from latrines into soil and ground

water can pollute groundwater, which often is used as drinking

water

Flush toilets

One person produces during the period of one year about

500 litres of urine and 50 kilograms of faeces. For ushing

away these excrements a ush toilet uses in average 12,000

litres water per year. That means, large amounts of water are

severely contaminated with faecal pathogens by rather smallamounts of human waste, but also nutrients are wasted. It is

expensive to collect and clean the polluted wastewater.

What are Urine Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs) and their

advantages?

A Urine Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT) is a toilet that operates

without water and has a divider so that the user, with littleeort can divert the urine away from the faeces. Separation of

urine from feces allows human waste to be treated separately

Senzia M.A.





15

and used as a potential resource. The typical advantages ofUDDTs are as shown in Table 1

Table: Advantages and disadvantages of UDDTs

Advantages Disadvantages/limitations

- Does not require a constant

source o water

- Does not require a constant

source o water

- No real problems with

odours and vectors (ies) i used and maintained correctly

(i.e. kept dry)

- Can be built and repaired

with locally available materials

- Low capital and operation

costs

- Large scale nutrient recoveryis a realistic possibility.

-Permanent structure

- Suitable or all types o users

(sitters, squatters, washers,wipers)

- Requires education and ac-

ceptance to be used correctly

- Is prone to clogging with

aeces and misuse

-Special child seats have to be

provided to keep their urineand aeces separate.

Can UDDTs turn into business venture?

It is possible for private operators who are currently making

prot in collection/emptying of excreta in the municipal to earnmore prot through collection of urine if UDDTs will be fullybe implemented. In fact the amount paid by individual for the

service will go down as compared to conventional system (see

table below).

Cost comparison of UDDT and traditional pit latrine for

households

Sanitation

Options

Investment

cost (€)

Annual O&M

(€)

Annual O&M

(€)

UDDT 140-410 15-26 100

Pit latrine 375-750 18-110 -Septic tank 90-1,250 10-15 -

Sewerage 50-315 15-50 -

The gain shown in Table above is a result of use of urine

and faeces as fertilizers.

EXAM SKILLS Tips and Techniques to get you through!

(From the Ofce o the Registrar)

What is revising?Revising is going over what you ‘ve studied or learned until you knowit,understand it and can recall it.

How is revision done?Dierent methods work for dierent people. However, the most Common method is condensing all of your workinto a more manageable size by writing revision notes.

Terried by the sheer bulk of what you have to do?Turn that mountain of revision into tiny molehills by breaking each subject int topics, and each topic into evensmaller units. Write a list of all revision units and plan these into your revision timetable.

Is revising a shock to your system?Get ino it gradually by starting early and plan your timetable so that in week 1 you’re doing 30-45 minutes a day.In week 2, up it by 15-30 minutes a day. From week 3, aim for 90 minutes or more a day.

How can you cut down revision ?Reduce it by working out what do know and what you don’t know. Concentrate on understanding the ‘don’t know ‘topcs.

Need to Know you’re not alone?Then study with a friend. Agree to study the same topic for a set time, say 20-25 minutes. After a 10-minutes break,revise by quizzing each otherfor minutes.



16



16

“I try to picture a mother hunching over a eld

with a medieval-style hoe in hand, spending

days to till the land under a beating hot sun –

only to retire home to care for her family without

electricity or safe water.”

We cannot say this is a 21th century image, but

a typical working day for scores of rural womenin today’s development world, where the lack of

access to education and technology has forced

majority of people to resort to traditional and often painful

methods of livelihood.

Abject poverty is, of course, one of the key causes, but

there are also tangible and achievable ways of addressing

realities.

While it is acknowledged that positive action has been

taken by the government and other stakeholders towards

addressing existing gender inequalities and disparities, these

problems still present a serious challenge which prevents the

society from realizing its full potential in all aspects of social,

economic and technological development.

Likewise due to their multiple roles as producers,

reproducers and providers of family care, women are severely

limited in preparing for and accessing formal education

opportunities, and even in formal and self-employment

particularly in the private sectors.

As Tanzania strives to achieve the goals and objectives

of the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

linked to the National Development Vision 2025 as well as the

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), education promotion

and ecient development and utilization of the national human

resources are critical requirements.

The National Development Vision 2025 envisaged that

the “…creation of wealth and its distribution in society must

be equitable and free from inequalities,” and that “there

is a need to promote broad-based investment in human

capital development strategy which involves a wide range of

players…”

It is my knowledge that lack of knowledge about education

rights, specically among young girls; negative attitudes of

teachers, as well as inuence from the society as a whole

are among the main reasons that are forcing rural people toendure lives of agricultural hardship. Thus, educating girls with

HOW GIRLS’ EDUCATION

EMPOWERS WOMENBy Jafari Mwanza

both formal and practical skills (i.e. vocational education) is

the key to addressing the gender imbalances and breaking the

cycle of poverty.

Technical Education and Training Policy (1996) aims at

expanding enrolment capacity for girls in secondary schools

oering science subjects and reserve specic vacancies for

qualied women in technical training institutions.

One of its objectives is to promote and encourage women

participation in technical education and training.

The new generations of children learn technology faster,

and in so doing, they can be in a good position of teaching

their mothers. When a woman is empowered and she can

assert her rights in the community, the possibility of rising up

to any position and be part of decision making process can

enable to raise the status of women.

To some traditions, it has been and so it is, though women

are lot supposed to be seen in public, they are supposed to be

in the kitchen. But over the years this has been proved wrong,

that it is not eective because both girls and boys need to be

educated so as to have a meaningful development.

Social activists have made changes in Tanzania in recent

years, ghting for women’s rights to work and education, and

other oppressive traditions that hinder girls from accessing

education similar to boys.

Subsequently there has been a measurable increase

of girls attending school, a trend that has led to fewer early

marriages and teenage pregnancies as well as a reduction in

the number of prostitute youths.

In spite of the gains, however girls are still largelyunderrepresented in the science and technology elds.

Pre- Entry Course: Eng. Nimzihirwa Kashimbiri in Training session. Pre-Entry Course is a bridging

Course for female Candidates asprng to join Engineering programs at Arusha Technical college.





17

Even when girls go to school, there is a bias in opting science

and technology related subjects instead they are still doing the

social sciences and humanities.

We are educating girls not for the sake of gender equality

and women’s empowerment, but also for the sake of the global

brain race.

In Tanzania, fewer girls opt to study science subjects

in secondary schools and the overall performance of girls

is relatively poor when compared to boys. According to

the reports of Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher

Education (2003), less than a quarter of University of Dar es

Salaam undergraduates were female. Science and Engineering

institutions enroll fewer female students than arts and social

sciences.

Gender inequalities in science and technology are felt notonly at the pre-college and college levels, as explained by

many literatures, but also within the science and technology

careers at the workplace.

Because girls and women do not receive educational

training in technology areas, they have continued being

excluded from science and technology related jobs.

Eorts then to address the problem of gender inequalities

in science and technology elds must begin by addressing the

inequities within our educational system, an attempt that will

help to change their mind-set.

Way forward

Because many areas of Science and Technology (S&T)

are still predominantly by male, engineering eld as well as

technical programs must have cultural reformation.

Gender sensitivity training for employees at all levels, a

more equitable reward system, exible and creative benets

for family leave and parenting, ex time, and other creative

work-at-home situations are key to keeping women employed

in the profession. A new balance between male and female

elements in the society is needed.

This can be started by enrolling more girls at secondary

school level, and at colleges and universities levels, increase

female trainers in vocational and technical institutions as well

as reform of curricula to include a wider range of technical

entrepreneurship skills. This would lead to more rational

utilization of human resources. Strategies for development

can’t succeed if the potential capabilities of women are not

natured and harnessed for full participation.

Increase the Visibility of Women Role Models

Due to a combination of factors including limited

opportunities and exposure as well as lack of encouragement

from role models, many qualied and talented young womendo not consider science and technology career their choice. Of

Role Model: Eng. Herieth N.Uiso during Females’ Sensitazation Campaign Day Held at Arusha

Technical College (ATC).The Campaign ismeant to sensitize Female students in Primary and

Secondary Schols to opt Science Subjects.

course, the largest barrier to female role model is that women

are simply missing from science and technology academic

departments and jobs. Thus, increasing the visibility of women

who taken the lead in science as well as

Performing well in technology development activities would

encourage more girls to pursue this career at higher levels of

education.

Eort to support female students in the science should

begin in Primary school and follow students throughout their

advanced school levels. Successful advocacy for female

students in science and Technology must involve the resources

of parents, teachers, policy makers and local leaders.

These endeavors should also include providing information

on the benets of science and technology careers. Female

students need to be informed on the diverse opportunities inthe science and technology workforce.

Female Students from secondary School visiting Chemistry laboratory during females’ sensitization Campaign Day last year .



18



18

Recent data arms that hydropower is currently the world’slargest renewable source ofelectricity, accounting for 6%of worldwide energy supplyor about 15% of the world’selectricity.

But whereas the conventionalhydro requires the ooding

of large areas of land, with itsconsequential environmental

and social issues, the properlydesigned small hydro schemesare easily integrated into localecosystems.The large majority of small hydro

plants are “run-of-river” schemes,meaning that they have no orrelatively small water storagecapability.

The turbine only producespower when the water is availableand provided by the river. When

the river ow falls below somepredetermined value, the generationceases. Some plants are stand-

FREE FUEL SOURCE

POTENTIALLY

EVERLASTINGBy Jafari Mwanza

alone systems used in isolated sites,but in most cases in Tanzania, theelectricity generated is connected tothe national grid. Though Tanzaniahas abundant sources of water, gridconnection rates are very low. Only14 per cent of total population andonly 2.5 per cent of rural populationhas access to electricity.

Stand-alone, small, independentschemes may not always be able to

supply energy, unless their size issuch that they can operate whateverthe ow in the river is. In some cases,this problem can be solved by usingany existing rivers or reservoirstorage that exists upstream of theplant.

The connection to the grid hasthe advantage of easier control of theelectricity, but has the disadvantageof being tripped o the system dueto problems outside of the plantoperator’s control.

The majority of Tanzanians

depend on biomass, particularlywood products and charcoal for

cooking and lighting up. The neteect of using wood for energy hasalready been noted to worsen theenvironment. Some elderly peopledied without ever testing the joy ofelectricity-driven services such aslighting, while other had graduatedfrom young adulthood to seniorcitizenship with no prospects ofbeing ‘electried’ in sight.

Arusha Technical College (ATC)

has designed a Cross – ow turbineof 5 Kilowatts capacity (photo 1).The success spurred the college tomanufacture the second one andwas looking forward to develop suchtechnology by manufacturing moresuch turbines and even producethose in 1 MW capacity.

The Cross – ow turbine isdesigned with long blades situatedradically around a horizontal shaftforming a cylindrical shape ofrunner. The runner (photo 2) has ahollow interior thus allowing the

water to pass tough twice (outsideto inside, then inside to outside)

Cross – ow turbine of 5 Kilowatts capacity

Cross-ow turbine runner manufactured at ATC





19

THIS IS HOW IT WORKS: The Prime Minister of URT,Mizengo Pinda receives explanation of how the water Turbaine works.

which increases the eciency and also allows the turbine to be self-cleaning. The rotating runner is attached to alow speed pulley of the alternator or Generator though belt.

Principle of a Cross-ow turbine

The potential energy of water is converted into mechanical energy in the turbine, by fundamental and basicallymechanism whereby water pressure is converted into kinetic energy before entering the runner. The kinetic energyis in the form of a high-speed jet that strikes the buckets, mounted on the periphery of the runner.

Limitations

The Cross-ow turbines have low eciency compared to other turbines and the important loss of head due to theclearance between the runner and the downstream level. This should be taken into consideration when dealingwith low and medium heads. Moreover, high head cross-ow runners may have some troubles with reliability dueto high mechanical stress. It is an interesting alternative when one has enough water, dened power needs and low

investment possibilities, such as for rural electrication programs.



20



20

ROAD MAINTENANCE

IS CRUCIAL

IN ECONOMY

In the last 20 years or so, road maintenance

has grown steadily in Tanzania.

T

his has been necessitated by the fact that most ofthe roads built in 1950’s have rapidly deterioratedwhile there is a need of transportation of goods

and machines or other equipments to sustain theeconomic and social development.The roads in Tanzania have become a major means

of transportation compared to railways, airways andwaterways. Some of the reasons that make Tanzania tohighly depend on roads are lack of funds, poor planningof rosd maintaintenance and run of other means oftransportation and absence of long term investment inalternative means of transport.

Since the country highly depend on roads fortransporting goods and services within and to theneighbour landlocked countries, there is a need tohave proper and sustainable road maintenance andmanagement.

Road maintenance management is not a newconcept as decisions have always been made regardingwhat to do, where to do it and when maintenance is tobe carried out. But does this practice oer the requiredoutput of the road? The answer is that it is not alwaysso.

As the purpose is to utilize the resources wisely,fund being among, to achieve the intended goal, thereis a need of a proper Road Maintenance Management(RMM).

A well designed RMM will ensure smooth operationof our roads throughout the road design life span. Therecent RMM for the road networks in our cities, towns

and municipals is not implementable due to the fundshortage.The budget seems to prioritise much on constructing

main roads in order to improve regional and internationalconnectivity. This has resulted to no-plan activity forthe local networks. This makes local road networkmaintenance a casualty due to budget cut o withoutnotice or short notice. Such situation cannot allow RMMplan to be instituted to the newly constructed roads andalready deteriorated local one.

Road Maintenance Budget Allocation and Utilizationis the second generation investment in roads. Therefore,if we are to maintain now and future, care must betaken to ensure that all activities pertaining to road

maintenance are well organised, coordinated and aswell as controlled.

By Nimzihirwa Kashimbiri

A good RMM plan can be achieved if and only if thereis a sucient fund and collection and storage of data areeasily accessible when needed for use or updating.

This is a call for highway engineers and decisionmakers to live their desks and work on site to assessthe condition of their roads on daily basis, to make surethe problems are solved early to meet the purpose of

their being.It should be noted that, the cost of late maintenanceis higher than the cost of carrying out early maintenance.The cost associates with operations, accidents, time andmaterials. Having this in mind, the traditional methodof budgeting for carrying out road maintenance on thebasis of setting funds before planning strategically will

ultimately lead to crisis.

Experience shows that scal conditions have neverimproved as a result; road maintenance will continueto be postponed. Therefore it is essential that the roadmaintenance engineers have to have the ability toestablish a technique of maintenance fund generationand maintenance prioritization suitable to their sites. Alternatively, they can adopt dierent techniques whichare available in softcopy and hardcopy which have beenpracticed in dierent time and places with good output.

A Case Study of Arusha Road Network Arusha Municipality is not dierent from other placesin Tanzania. Despite being a famous city, for tourism,International Conferences (ICC), ICTR, higher learningand other UN activities, its road networking doesn’tsupport its standard.

The major problem is that Arusha is the rapid growing

Mr. Nimzihirwa Kashimbiri





21

city and its population growth does not cope with itsinfrastructure development. These have resulted topoor street road networks, and remain seasonal earth

or gravel roads surrounded by low quality residentialsuburb.

Secondly, the city tries to concentrate its activitiesin one area which calls for construction of multi-storeybuildings on the cost of existing buildings withoutconsideration of parking and maintenance of supportinginfrastructures.

For instance Mount Meru Hospital, TRA Oces, Busstand, Kilombero Market , Post Oce, Uhuru Road,Central market, public and private oces etc. are foundin one area.

What could be done?

If the city is to overcome the existing poorinfrastructure, three things must be taken intoconsideration. Firstly, it has to plan as to how manymulti-storey buildings and their capacity should beconstructed and where.Planning by considering the two; how many and wherewill help the city to have spaces for road expansion andparking places.

Secondly, the city engineers should be optimisticby constructing a modern city away from the existingstructure for the betterment of the existing and futuregeneration.

Arusha can become a modern city only if its planners

would include the following in the City Master Plan;recreational areas, public services centre’s (centre’s foreducation, hospitals, oces, shopping centre’s etc),parking places, utilities (electrical lines, sewerages,water supply, gas supply and telephone.

Other are internet and television cables distributionlines, bus bay and public bus lanes, city train spaces andstations road networking , conference halls, worshippingareas and play grounds and road networking.Thirdly the Municipal councils should considerbreaking its roads in sections for subsequent planningfor upgrading its road network and maintenance ofits infrastructure by having road map, inventory andcondition data which contains at least six items.

These items are types of its existing roads and theirnames, their length and width, existing defaults andextents per sections or GPS locations, its current cost ofmaintenance, its current trac and maintenance priority.Maintenance behaviour on its implementation willprovide an ecient and eective use of available fundsthrough consideration of objective of the road followedby consistent selection of road network section fortreatment in terms of cost, resources, social impact,usefulness, damage severity, and historical information.

Moreover, this will ensure that priorities for treatmentsare in the right order and right materials are put down inthe right place at the right time.

When roads are bad, travelling time, fuel cost, spareparts cost, and accident and driver energy will be

increased. Conversely when roads are good the cost arereduced because serving will be realized from operationcost, accident reduction, time serving and reduction on

rehabilitation materials.



22



22

ROLE OF BENTONITE CLAY SOIL TO

HUMAN BEINGS

Bentonite clay is olive green in color. It is a claysoil formed by decomposition of volcanic ashor dust with a high content of montmorilloniteclay mineral. It is typically white, grey or bu incolor but may have tints of yellow, pink or blue.It has a pearly or dull luster and is translucent.Bentonite clay is used in construction worksand it has many uses in promoting health inplant, animals and humans.

Bentonite clay contains volcanic ashes and dust

with chemical elements that include sodium,potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, andiron. Bentonite clay is in a family of expansive soils.

It is a plastic material that is capable of absorbing largequantities of water. It expands and contracts due tochange in moisture content under repetitive cycles ofwetting and drying.

Garg S.K (2001) explains that, bentonite is clay isformed by decomposition of volcanic ash it has a highcontent of montmorillonite clay mineral which is capableof absorbing water. In some cases it cannot be used inload bearing construction works as well as agriculturalpurpose. Due to its viscosity and plasticity bentoniteis used in Portland cement and mortars as bondingmaterial.

Application of Bentonite in Construction

Bentonite clay soil is used in construction tosupport the sides of the excavation in sand and gravel

ground. Bentonite is used in borehole drilling for pilefoundations and oil wells to prevent collapse of sides.During excavation, it is also employed as a sealing layerin trenches and coerdam to prevent the percolationof water, when the bentonite slurry is pumped intosand and gravel it lls the voids and render the soilmass impervious. Foundry Industries usebentonite as an ingredient material in the preparation ofmolding sand for the production of iron, steel and non-ferrous casting. In Civil engineering it used in constructionof reservoirs particularly dams as an impermeable layerto prevent loss of water due to seepage. The presenceof ion mineral makes the bentonite lose its property ofhaving a good bearing capacity.

Application of Bentonite in Healing

Bentonites have been in use by some indigenouscultures. It is used for facial treatment and it help in hairgrowing. Bentonite clay is used for natural and eective

internal cleanser, known for its detoxifying abilities, andits potential in countering several health disorders.Diarrhea can be remedied through the use of

bentonite because of its ability to bind stool, it is alsoused to reduce the amount of hard residue that ispresent in the colon. It was used during the Balkan warof 1910 to reduce mortality from cholera among soldersfrom 60% to 3%.

Being naturally absorbent and extremely gentle onthe system, bentonite can treat various skin and internalgimlet and attract and neutralize poisons in the intestinaltract. Bentonite clay can eliminate food allergies, foodpoisoning, mucus colitis, spatic colitis, viral infection,stomach u and parasites (parasite are unable toreproduce in the presence of clay) there is virtually nodigestive disease that bentonite clay will not treat. It isenriches and balance blood.

Bentonite has been used for alcoholism, arthritis,cataracts, diabetics, neuropathy, pain treatment, openwounds and poisonous insect bites, acne and anemia.

Blyth and M.H.de Freit (1984) explains that, Bentoniteclay is used as healing clay for people and animal. Thisis well supported by the Website http://www.shirley-

By Daudi Paul Mtavangu

wellness café.com/clay.htm,Russian scientists use bentonite to protect their

bodies from radiation when working with nuclear materialby coating their hand and bodies with bentonite. It alsoadsorbs radiation from thick cell phone, micro works,x-rays, TVs and irradiate food for starters.

Where is it found in the world?

Bentonite clay is mined in various parts of the worldsuch as Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Brazil England, ThePhilippines, Japan, Romania, German, Mexico, Argentina,Spain, India, Hungary, Poland, Canada, Turkey, Unitedstates, China, Russia, Chile, Czech Republic, Bulgaria,Slovakia, South Korea, Bosnia, Azerbaijani, MacedoniaPakistan, Vietnam, Denmark, Croatia, Uzbekistan, Peru,Colombia, Hungary, Nicaragua, Indonesia, Burma, NewZealand, Thailand and Armenia.. This is explained inthe website http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki /list-of-by-bentonite-production

Where is it found in Africa?

The website htt://www.index mundi .com. shows thelist of African countries in which bentonite is found. Theyinclude South Africa, Algeria, Morocco, Mozambique,Senegal, Egypt, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. Tanzania isnot among the countries listed in the website althoughbentonite is found in Tanzania. Where is it found in Tanzania?

In Tanzania bentonite clay soil can be found in regionswith deposits of volcanic ashes. These regions include Arusha, Mara, Manyara, Mbeya and Kilimanjaro.

It said that, areas that contain montimolillonite claymineral are also likely to contain bentonite clay soil.Two areas namely Minjingu phosphate mine in Manyararegion and Sinya area in Longido have bentonite claydeposits that have been mined commercially.

The Longido bentonite clay was being mined formanufacture of smoking pipes in Kiswahili it is calledkiko. Longido mine is now closed due to being oodedwith water. Minjingu Bentonite is being mined up to dayfor use in construction works. Properties of Minjingu Bentonite clay

Minjingu Bentonite clay soil is embedded betweenalternate layers of phosphate and vice versa. It isolive green in color while phosphate is grayish whitein color. The customers of Minjingu bentonite clayare: Water drilling companies, Industries with foundryworks for molding preparation, and Companies doingdams construction. Minjingu bentonite clay soil hashigh content of silica. It has a plasticity Index of 25%,Percent ner 0.075mm is 53%, and a maximum particlesize of 13.2mm. It has an average organic content5.2%. Its AASHTO classication is A-7-6. At standardcompaction energy, it has an optimum moisture contentof 19%, maximum dry density of 1440kg/m3, soakedCBR value of 11% and a swell of 2%. Without surchargeload the CBR value is 0% with a free swell of 6.2%. Inlime stabilization it has an initial consumption of lime of0.3% with an optimum lime content ranging between 6%and 8% that produce unconned compression strengthof 0.5 to 0.9N/mm2 giving a stabilized material class ofCM as specied in the Pavement and material designManual (1999).Conclusion

While a lot is known among Tanzanians onapplication of Bentonite in Construction projects andFoundry industries little is known among them on howBentonite clay soil can be used healing material suchas natural and eective internal cleanser, detoxifyingagent, health disorder treatment and diarrhea treatment.For this purpose it is strongly recommended to carryout an extensive research on the application of Minjingubentonite for health purpose.





23

HUMOR STORIES

A

gynecologist had a burning desire to change careers

to become a mechanic. So she found out from her

local technical college what was involved, signed up

for evening classes and attended diligently, learningall that she could. When time for the practical examination

approached, she prepared carefully for weeks, and completed

the exams with tremendous skill.

When the results came out, she was surprised to nd that

she had obtained a mark of 150%. Fearing to have made

some mistakes, she called the instructor, saying “I don’t want

to appear ungrateful for such an outstanding result, but I

wondered if there had been an error which needed correction”

The instructor said, “During the examination, you took the

engine apart perfectly, which was worth 50% of the total mark.

You put the engine back together again perfectly, which is also

worth 50% of the mark. I gave you an extra 50% because youdid all of it THROUGH the exhaust.”

The Game

A programmer and an engineer are sitting next to each

other on a long ight. The programmer leans over to

the engineer and asks if he would like to play a fun

game. The engineer just wants to take a nap, so he

politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few

winks.

The programmer persists and explains that the game is

really easy and a lot of fun. He explains, “I ask you a question.

If you don’t know the answer, you pay me 5,000/-. Then, youask me a question. If I don’t know the answer, I shall pay

you 5,000/-.” Again, the engineer politely declines and tries

to sleep. The Programmer, by now somewhat agitated, says,

“OK, if you don’t know the answer you pay me 5,000/- and if I

don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you 50,000/-!”

This catches the engineer’s attention and he sees no end

to this torment unless he plays, so he agrees to the game. The

programmer asks the rst question, “What’s the distance from

the earth to the moon?”

The engineer doesn’t say a word, but reaches into his

wallet, pulls out a 5,000/= bill and hands it to the programmer.

Now, it’s the engineer’s turn. He asks the programmer, “Whatgoes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four?” The

programmer looks at him, puzzled. He takes out his laptop

computer and searches all of his references. He taps into

the air phone with his modem and searches the net and the

Library of Congress. Frustrated, he sends email to all of his

co-workers -- all to no avail.

After about an hour, he wakes the engineer and hands him

50,000/=. The engineer politely takes the 50,000/= and turns

away, to try to get back to sleep. The programmer, more than

a little mied, shakes the engineer and asks, “Well, so what’s

the answer?”

Without a word, the engineer reaches into his wallet, handsthe programmer 5,000/= and turns away, to get back to sleep!

New Career

STAFFDEVELOPMENT

The former Head of Mechanical Engineering Department, Mr.Baraka Kichongo has left

ATC for further studies. He is pursuing PhD in SustainableEnergy Science and Engineering(SESE) at the Nelson Mandela

African institute of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha. Mr. Kichonge holdsMSc in Production Engineeringfrom the University of Dar esSalaam. We wish him best of

luck.

The former Head of ContinuingEducation Department, Mr.Rocky A. Sabigoro has left

for Sweden to purse Master’sDegree in Mechanical Engineering. Mr. Sabigoro holds

a B.Sc Electronics Engineeringfrom the University of Dar esSalaam.

Mr. Abdulkadir Kirobo is currently pursuing Master’s Degree inInformation Technology at the

Institute of Accountancy Arusha(IAA). Mr. Kirobo holds a B.SC.

in Mechanical Engineering fromHalehepe University of Turkey.

Mr. Paul M. Kamba has rejoined ATC after pursuing successfully a Master’s Degree in Business Administration at the Eastern and Southern AfricanManagement Institute (ESAMI)

in Arusha.

Mr.Yusufu Mhando has also reported on duty after completing his masters degree

in Construction Economics and Management from Dar esSalaam-based Ardhi University.

Mr. Daniel Ngoma is now the new head of Mechanical

Engineering Department .



24



24

NEW EMPLOYEESBy Daudi Mtavangu

Dr. Nuru R. Mziray is an Assistant Lecturer in Water Resources and Irrigation in the Civil and IrrigationEngineering Department.

Mr. Nzoshe A. Baraka has beenemployed at ATC as Tutorial Assistant inLand Surveying in the Civil EngineeringDepartment. Karibu Sana.

Mr. Abdi R. Mjema has also been hired

as Tutorial Assistant in Computer Engineering in the ICT Department at ATC.

Mr. Kishiwa S. Magembe has joined ATC as Tutorial Assistant in Civil EngineeringDepartment. We cordially welcome him.

Mr. Menansili A. Mejooli has been

employed as a Tutorial Assistant in Automotive EngineeringDepartment at ATC.

Ms. Mwanaidi Toroka is an Assistant Lecturer in Biology in the General Studies Department

Ms. Naisujaki S. Lyimo has joined ATC as Assistant Lecturer in CommunicationSkills in the General Studies Department

Ms. Donatha E. Mwase has joined ATC as Assistant Lecturer in the General Studies Department

Ms. Deusdedita R. Mushi has joined ATC as Senior Health Attendant

Mr. Rustus E. Assey has joined ATC as Assistant Lecturer in Computer Engineeringin the ICT

Department

The Editorial Team wishes them

all the best in their new posts





25

BRIGHT FUTURE FOR ATC

AFTER BECOMING

AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONThe Arusha Technical College was ociallyestablished in March 2007 through the ArushaTechnical College Establishment Order No. 78as enabled by the NACTE ACT NO. 9 of 1997.

I

t took 10 years for Arusha Technical College to cope withthe NACTE ACT NO 9 of 1997.In actual fact no apparentreasons can be dene for this delay, either no blame can beattributed to any individual or group of individuals. However

,becoming an autonomous institution is a long process and ittook about three years struggle for Technical College Arushato be granted full autonomous.

The Establishment Order No. 78 of March 2007 granted Arusha Technical College autonomy and this also elevated thecollege to “Higher Tertiary Institution”The former Technical College Arusha awarded Full TechnicianCerticate but by becoming an autonomous institution ArushaTechnical College was fully accredited to award OrdinaryDiploma in the elds stipulated in Government Notice Number78 of 30th March, 2007.

This Establishment gave the College powers to haveperpetual succession and common seal, be able to sue andbe sued, be able into entering into contracts, powers to lendor borrow, be able to acquire, alienate, dispose any movableor immovable property and powers to perform other activitiesrelated to academic.

Academic elds stipulated in the Establishment Order

include: Electrical &Electronic Engineering, Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electronicand Telecommunication Engineering, Information TechnologyManagement, Electromechanic Engineering, Mechatronics,General Studies, Food Science Technology, Business Studiesand Management and such other related disciplines as theCollege may from time to time decide.

Why ATC was established

The vision of the college is to become a centre of excellencethat provides a national and international high-level humanresource through exemplary competence based technicaleducation and training.The mission of ATC is to provide high quality career-focused,skills-based Technical Education and Training to enhance therole of the individuals as productive and responsible membersof the society.

By A.F.I. Shoo

Good vision should be able to create the future we want,that is, paint a good future and realistic. While good missionshould reect what we want to do, why we want to do and whowill facilitate the implementation.In order to implement the establishment of ATC, some valueswere set:-

External values• Oer quality services with integrity and courtesy.• Exhibit professional competence in delivery of quality

services.• Exercise transparency, fairness and equitable treatment

to all.

Internal values• Be fair and accountable for decisions we will make inour areas of responsibility.

• Exercise team spirit in delivery of services• Be committed and motivated to the achievement of the

college goals.

The then existing college management set a team to eectthe changes.The team was tasked to structure eective, relevant andresponsive policies with regard to:• Motivated and competent sta• Ecient Budgetary and communicating system• Ecient and eective delivery of services• Equitable enrolment and improved quality of education.• Customer and stakeholder satisfaction

The team was obliged to form strategies of.The team prioritized the activities:

• The rst priority was to formulate scheme of service.

• The second task was to formulate organization structure.• Another obligation was to set accounting and stores

management system.• Another task was to update programme curricula

This team worked tirelessly day and night and by June2005, the rst draft was ready.Our expectations were to be autonomous by June 2006.However these expectations were not met. The collegebecame an autonomous institution in March 2007 throughEstablishment Order No 78 of March 2007. The college couldnot eect its functions since it had no Governing Board, whichwas nominated in January 2008.Though this Board became operative in 2008 the college didnot become fully operative until July 2009 when it started tooperate fully as an autonomous institution.

The real operation of the college started in July 2009 and

actually after the appointment of the 1st Principal of ArushaTechnical College. The rst Principal reported at work on 12thOctober 2009.

3-D view

Civil and irrigation building under construction



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26

That is how it is. A child plans to be an

Engineer. This is how life in childhood is, that a

child starts to draw shapeless lines, thereafter,

circles of dierent shapes, from then, he/she

designs and draws a square!

He/She soon recognizes that architect is not enough bystarting practical, this is by creating something by mud andnaming it a HOUSE, also by cutting, shaping and joining boxesand xing wheels to them and naming that creature a BUS.

When a child is seven years old, he joins primary schoolwhere he/she believes that memorizing and mastering the

number 7 is too dicult than mastering L.They always tell that mastering 26 alphabets (A, B, C-Z) isquietly simple than mastering 10 numerals 0, 1-9 while in thereality this is not true.

Nevertheless, when a student joins secondary school, he/ she nds another society of dierent beliefs that “this is a goodplace where they believe without any understanding, is thesociety that believes that the study of numbers (Mathematics)is like AIDS that has neither cure nor treatment.

That most students in Tanzania fail to manage and masterit. Do you also agree that you have failed to master andmemorize only 10 numerals? No, this is because you believedbefore you understood; Mathematics is only the subject inthe world which you are awarded some marks for your wronganswers.For example;

If you are asked to nd the area of the rectangle, given;length=4m, and width =3m;Only by writing

HOW WE PRACTICED

MATHEMATICS IN

OUR CHILDHOODBy Isack Kelemani

Area =length x width Area =3mx4m Area=7m2You will be awarded some marks although the answer is wrong.Look how complex are art subjects;For example “Explain Maji Maji war” Answer. This was the war that took place between 1905 and1907,

Despite the fact that the answer given above is true you willbe asked how and where it took place, and who the leadingsoldier was! If that is not enough you will be told that there aremany wars that took place in that time, from then, by thesefacts, you may simply be awarded zero (0).This is amazing, that even the surrounding society believe thisharmful poison of taking Mathematics as the hard subject.

They feed their children by this poor information; becausepeople are what they feed and take this as the reality.Parents and Students, this is a very honest subject. Starttoday to fulll your vision and ambition of being a designerand the great Engineer as you were in your child hood. Youcan now learn Maths to know the numbers of people that canbe accommodated in your small house and the speed of your joined box that can run per hour or per second.

We should not discourage those who want to do somethingespecially in mathematics; they will later join the institutions like ATC and DIT to enjoy Mathematics and designing relationship.

Do you know that discouraging students who studymathematics is like discouraging all engineers, and eventuallydestroying the entire infrastructure in the World? Oh dear, howcan you determine that a certain subject is simple or hardwithout trying to do it?

Dear parents or guardians, my beloved teachers, we should allunite in inuencing students to study mathematics so that theymay fulll their childhood ambitions!





27

NATURE CAN SOLVE ENERGY CRISIS IN

RURAL AREAS

Lamps that use fuel for cooking, for instance

kerosene lamps and Kerosene stoves are costly

and inecient. They cause respiratory and eye

problems, especially devastating house res in

rural areas.

Solar is a comparatively low-cost alternative, especially

for families whose poverty put electricity out of reach.

Our Correspondent Urbanus Melkior analyzes the

importance of solar energy in rural areas and how it

may lower cost of living.

Lighting is the deliberate application of light to achieve

some practical or aesthetic eect. Lighting includes the use

of both articial light sources such as lamps and light xtures,

as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight, which is

often used as the main source of light during daytime.

In theology, light is a term used to refer to an aspect of

divine presence, specically an unknown and mysterious

ability of God, angels, or human beings to express themselves

communicatively through spiritual means, rather than through

physical capacities.

In rural areas, rewood, kerosene and human power are

the most important sources of energy.The energy from wood fuel, famously known as biomass and

By Urbanus Melkior

that of kerosene is used for both heating and lighting. The

major sources of light in rural community of Tanzania are

obtained by burning wood fuel and kerosene.

The burning of kerosene in inecient lamps, traditional wickedlamp and other appliances produce a lot of smoke with both

quantity of carbon and sulphur dioxide.

These two types of light source are normally used for

cooking and other purposes in both primary and secondary

schools.

“I remember while I was still in primary school, kerosene

lamps and sore eyes were once routine elements of grading

students’ homework. My eyes were always painful and my

head used to ache from the fumes,” A teacher who does not

have access to electricity complains.

“Imagine trying to go through a hundred exercise books in

poor lighting and smoke. On other hand, pupils and students

access the lights by sitting alongside their mothers who

cook the food in inecient cooking stoves located in poorlyventilated kitchen to make preparations as well as nishing

class activities,” she says.

Electrifying rural areas poses unique challenges for African

governments. Remote and scattered, rural homes, unlike

homes in urban areas, are costly and often impractical to

connect to the national grid.

Africa’s countries are seeking innovative alternatives

to give rural families ecient means to cook their food andlight their homes. Stand-alone sources of energy, such as

solar, wind and mini-hydro generators, can help ll the gap.

To show how the sun, was and is important in providing light

and energy, an elderly man was quoted as saying, “ Before

Islam and Christianity were introduced in Africa, some tribes in

Africa worshipped the Sun as their ‘GOD’.”

The energy from the sun (unnished source of energy) has

always been used as far as human beings have existed on

this planet. Indirectly, the sun or other stars are responsible for

all our energy. The sunlight can directly change to electricity

using solar cells.

Embarking to solar energy will denitely solve some of the

problems faced when one uses kerosene.

The standard of education in rural areas where 70 per cent of

Tanzanians live can as well be improved.

Mr. Urbanus Melkior



Documents

ATC- Newsletter issue 002