Assignment of Research Methodology

Question for the Assignment of Research Methodology

ASSIGNMENT OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGYA PROJECT in the subject of Research MethodologySUBMITTED TOUNIVERSITY OF MUMBAIFOR SEMESTER -III OFMASTER OF COMMERCEBY.KHAN MOHD.MOHSINRoll No.(10)Specialization: Business ManagementUNDER THE GUIDANCE OFDr Vivek DeolankarYEAR - 2014-15

DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I, Shri Khan Mohd. Mohsin, student of M. Com. Part-II Roll Number (10), at the Department of Commerce, University of Mumbai do hereby declare that the project titled, Assignement of Research Methodology submitted by me in the subject of Research Methodology for Semester III during the academic year 2014-15, is based on actual work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr Vivek DeolankarI further state that this work is original and not submitted anywhere else for any other examination.

Date 29Th september 2014Mumbai

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EVALUATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the undersigned have assessed and evaluated the project on Assignment of Research Methodology in the subject of Research Methodology submitted by Kum/Smt/Shri Khan Mohd. Mohsin , student of M. Com. Part-II at the Department of Commerce, University of Mumbai for Semester III during the academic year 2014-15.

This project is original to the best of our knowledge and has been accepted for Internal Assessment.

Internal Examiner External ExaminerDirector Dr. Vivek Deolankar

University of MumbaiDepartment of Commerce Internal Assessment: Subject: Economics of Global Trade & FinanceName of Student ClassBranchRoll Number

First Name : MOHD MOHSINFathers : MOHD MOINSurname : KHANM.COMPART -IIBusiness Management10

Topic for the Project: Assignment of Research Methodology

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DOCUMENTATIONInternal Examiner (Out of 10 Marks)

External Examiner (Out of 10 Marks)

Presentation(Out of 10 Marks)

Viva and Interaction(Out of 10 Marks)

Total Marks(Out of 40 Marks)

ContentsQ. N o.ParticularPage No.

1What is research ?Explain in details characteristic of research.1-6

a)Need of research in business and social sciences.Objectives of research.7-15

2What are the different types of research ?16-20

a)Enumerate issue and problems in research.21-23

3As a customer, you wanted to buy a car in small segment particularly without gear or automatic car. How you will select ? What factors and which company you will consider while doing a research for automobile industry.24-

a)How will you proceed for collecting the info/data about the car. As a customer in all me respects/specialty of car.

Question for the Assignment of Research Methodology

1. What is research ?Explain in details characteristic of research.Need of research in business and social sciences.Objectives of research.

2. What are the different types of research ? Enumerate issue and problems in research.

3. As a customer, you wanted to buy a car in small segment particularly without gear or automatic car. How you will select ? What factors and which company you will consider while doing a research for automobile industry.How will you proceed for collecting the info/data about the car. As a customer in all me respects/specialty of car.

CHAPTER 1

Question 1. What is research ?Explain in details characteristic of research.a) Need of research in business and social sciences.b) Objectives of research.Answer 1.

MEANING OF RESEARCH Research is a systematic investigation to search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Research helps to arrive at new conclusions. It enables to certain problems. Research is often referred to as scientific inquiry into a specific problem or situation. This is because; the search for facts needs to be undertaken systematically and not arbitrarily. The systematically approach to research enables the research to search for facts in a rational manner and to arrive at logical conclusions, whereas, the arbitrary approach attempts to find solutions to problems based on ones belief and imagination. Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of humanknowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, etc.

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DEFINITIONS OF RESEARCH According to the William C. Emory in the book Business Research Methods defines Research is any organised inquiry designed and carried out to provide information for solving a problem.

The Websters Dictionary states research is a careful critical inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; diligent investigation in order to ascertain something.

According to the V.Clover and H. Balsley define Research is the process of systematically obtaining accurate answers to significant and pertinent questions by the use of scientific method for gathering and interpreting information.

According to the James Black and Dean Champion state scientific research consists of obtaining information through empirical observation that can be used for the systematic development of logically related propositions attempting to establish causal relations among variables.

According to a Pauline V. Young defines social research is a scientific undertaking which, by means of logical and systematic techniques aims to: Discover new facts or verify and test old facts, Analyses their sequences, interrelationships and causal explanations, Develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories, which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behaviour.

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCHa) Scientific Method:Research uses scientific method to find facts or to provide solutions to specific problems. The research needs to follow a systematic procedure to conduct research. There is a set of procedures that have been tested over a period of time and are thus suitable to use in research. This means each step in the research procedure must follow the other.Scientific research in any field of knowledge cannot be conducted in a haphazard manner. Scientific research cannot be merely based on ones beliefs and imagination. To get the best possible research results, the researcher needs to adopt the scientific method of inquiry or investigation.b) Objective and Logical:The scientific research is objective and logical in nature. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.There is a need to collect relevant, accurate and objective data to investigate into the research problem. Researchers need to make every possible effort to avoid bias in data collection. After collection of objectives data, the researchers needs systematically process the data, analyse and interpret it, and arrive at logical conclusions. Wherever required , the researchers needs to systematically verify the findings and conclusions.c) Applied and Basic Research:The research can be broadly classified into two broad groups:Applied Research Basic Research Applied Research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledges sake. The goal of applied research is to improve the human condition. It is generally used to solve a particular problem. For instance, a social research can be conducted to study the problem of unemployment in rural areas, and based on the research findings; appropriate measures can be taken by Government authorities to reduce the problems of unemployment.Basic or fundamental research is driven by a scientists curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The main goal of basic research is to expand mans knowledge. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research. For instance, basic research can be undertaken to study the origin of the universe. Basic research lays down the foundation for the applied science that follows.d) Empirical Nature of Research: Research can be based on direct experience or observation by the research. Empirical research is undertaken to study certain situations or events based on experiments, observation and surveys. In empirical research, the researchers develops a hypothesis and then collects data to prove it or disprove it.e) Generalisation:Research findings can be applied to larger population. A researcher can conduct a research on a respondents that represent the universe. The sample of respondents that represent the universe. The sample selection must be done systematically so that it properly represents the whole population or the universe. The research findings based on sample population can then be generalized and applied to the whole universe. Therefore, generalization takes place when research findings based on sample response are applied to whole population.f) Controlled nature of basic Research: In real life experience there are many factors that affect an outcome. A single event is often the result of several factors. When similar event is tested in research, due to the boarder nature of factors, some factors are taken as controlled factors while others are tested for possible effect. In pure sciences it is easy to control certain factors because lab experiments are conducted. However, it is difficult to perform controlled laboratory experiments in the case of social science research, although to a limited extent laboratory experiments are possible in social sciences as well.g) Development of principles and theories:A systematic research helps to develop new principles and theories. Such principles and theories can be useful to several organisations to manage and deal with people and things in a better way. The general laws or theories developed through research may enable us to make reliable predictions of events, which have not yet occurred.h) Multipurpose Activity: Research is multipurpose activity. It helps to discover new facts or verify old facts. It helps not only to predict future events, it establishes causal relationships between variables. It also helps to develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories, which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behaviour and other aspects.i) Manipulation of concepts:The research tries to manipulate things, or concepts. The manipulation or purposeful control things, or concepts is done with define purpose so as to arrive at statements of generality. D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson in The encyclopedia of social sciences define research as the manipulation of the things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art.For instance, a researcher may manipulate the environment in a workplace such as lighting, or layout or seating arrangement to find out its impact on the productivity of the employees. j) Quantitative and Qualitative Research:Research undertaken to measures quantity or amount is called as quantitative research. For instance, research undertaken to find out the number of unemployed graduates or the number of unemployed in general. On the other hand, research, which is undertaken to find out the reasons as to why employees remain absent from work, or why people behave in certain manner. The motivational research is an important type of qualitative research. Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioural sciences where the main aim is to find out the underlying motives of human behaviour. k) Research a process:Research is a systematic process. It involves a number of steps. The main steps include: Formulating the research problem or situation. Development of a hypothesis. Preparing the research design. Determining sample design (in case of social research ) Collecting of data. Analysis of data. Testing of hypothesis. Generalization and interpretation. Preparation of report or thesis. Follow-up of report.

NEED OF RESEARCH IN BUSINESSBusiness organisations can gain significantly with the help of research. The research and development to develop new products, improve the design and quality of existing ones, and to reduce costs. The marketing research helps to solve marketing problems relating to price, promotion, physical distribution, packaging, positioning, and so on.The need and importance of research in business is stated as follows:I. Product Development:- Through marketing research, a business firm can identify the customer requirements, and therefore, it is possible to design new models or to modify existing products to satisfy the customers.For instance, through marketing research, a car manufacturing company may find out that the customers look for features, after-sale-sale service, re-sale value, right price, fuel efficiency, and so on. Accordingly, the product will be designed and marketed. Also, with the help of research and development, the car company would make every possible effort to develop the car with the best possible features at the right prices depending upon the target customers.II. Reduction in costs:- Research in business helps a firm to reduce costs. The research may indicate the areas where high costs are involved. It may be possible for the firm to cut down the costs in certain areas. Therefore, cost-reduction will improve the overall efficiency of the organization will be in a position to achieve higher returns at a lower cost.III. Marketing Mix decisions:- Marketing research enables a firm to arrive at sound marketing-mix decision with respect to product, price, promotion, and physical distribution.a) Product decisions: As mentioned earlier, marketing research enables a firm to design the right product to satisfy customer requirements.b) Pricing decisions: Marketing research enables a firm to analyse competitors pricing customers price sensitiveness,etc., and accordingly, the firm can fix the right prices. For instance, if customers for a particular product are not price sensitive, the firm may charge a higher price, especially when it enjoys a good image in the market.c) Promotion-mix Decisions: Marketing research may enable a firm to adopt effective promotion-mix (publicity, advertising, sales promotion, etc). If promotion-mix research is not conducted, the firm may give more emphasis on certain elements of promotion-mix, thereby, ignoring the other elements.d) Place Decisions: Marketing research may also enable the firm to take appropriate place decisions, with reference to area of distribution, channel selection, incentives to channel intermediaries, etc. For instance, the firm may increase marketing efforts in those areas where it gets low sales, or if the existing channels are not effective, it may select alternative channels, etc.IV. Customer Relationships:- Marketing research may help the firm to develop good relations with its customers, especially, the priority customers. Research can help the firm to collect valuable inputs about the priority customers. Based on the inputs, the firm can adopt various customer relationship techniques such as package of loyalty incentives for customer suggestions, etc.V. Dealer Relationship:- Nowadays, dealer relationships are vital for the survival and success of a business organization. Marketing research enables a business firm can get feedback from the dealers regarding their expectations. Accordingly, the firm may take appropriate decisions relating to dealers compensation and incentives so as to maintain good relationship.VI. Corporate Images:- Nowadays, firms need to build, maintain, and enhance corporate image in the minds of stakeholders- customers, dealers employees, and others. For instance, consumer research may enables the firms to obtain feedback on customer requirements and expectations, and accordingly the company would make the right efforts to satisfy customer and develop good image in the minds of customers.VII. Competitive Advantage:- Through research, a company can take proactive decisions, such as introduction of new models, introduce price changes, undertake innovative promotional schemes, as on. The proactive decisions can confer competitive advantage to the firm. Based on competitors research, the firm can improve its market offering vis-a vis that of the competitors, and thereby, enhance its competitive advantage.VIII. Human Resources Plans and Policies:- Research may be undertaken to frame effective HR plans and policies in respect of :* Recruitment and selection * Training to employees* Performing Appraisal * Compensation Plans, Etc.IX. Financial Management:- Research may be undertaken for efficient management of finance, Financial management covers two broad areas :* Sources of Funds*Application of FundsProper research may enable a company to determine the best sources of funds, and to ensure proper application of funds for working capital and fixed capital.X. Market Expansion:- With the help of marketing research inputs, the company can identify the markets that have good potential. Accordingly, the marketers can enter in new markets can be undertaken with the help of appropriate marketing activities, such as promotional activities, such as promotional activities activities - Publicity, advertising, salesmanship, sales-promotion, etc.

NEED OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCESSocial sciences refer to business, commerce, demography, psychology, sociology, etc. Research in social sciences deals with the peoples behaviour in their different roles, such as consumers, consultants, learners, leaders, teachers, trainers, employees, executives, produce, parents, artists, advisiors, etc.Nowadays, there is a growing need and importance of research in social sciences. The research in social sciences provides workable solutions to economics and social problems. The following points bring out the significance of research in social sciences.i. Modifies Social Behaviour:- Social research studies social behaviour. Almost all our social problems could be attributed to certain social behaviour of the members of the society. Social research collects relevant data on social behaviour, analyses it and recommendations are listed. Based on the recommendations of social researchers, steps can be taken by the concerned authorities to modify the societal behaviour.ii. Development of Methodology:- Development of methodology to deal with social issues is one of the contributions of social research. For instance, organisations face the problem of executive stress, lack of concern for ethics, poor leadership styles, employee absenteeism and turnover, etc. To overcome such problems, certain methodology needs to be developed. Social research enables the organisations to develop appropriate methodology to study, analyse, and to take suitable action to overcome the problems.With reference to the above context, the methodology would involve the following steps:a. Identifications of the problemb. Preparation of research design c. Designing a questionnaired. Collecting of datae. Processing of dataf. Analysis and interpretation of datag. Recommendationh. Reporting to higher authorities for suitable action.iii. Social Development:- Social research contributes to societal development. Social development can be measured in terms of literacy, life expectancy, and other social development indicators. Research can be undertaken to improve social development standards of the society. For instance, social research can be undertaken to improve social research can be conducted to improve literacy in a particular state, the researchers may study the measures adopted by highly literate states, and accordingly make recommendations to use such measures so as to improve the literacy rate in low literacy states.For instance the life expectancy in the Mumbai city is about 57 years according to one study conducted in 2009.Experts say the reasons for Mumbai faring poorly on the life expectancy parameter is because around 60% of the citys population lives in slums in unhygienic conditions. Government and the local authorities need to take suitable measures to improve hygenic standards in slums, reduction in pollution levels, and so on.iv. Social Welfare:- Government organisations can be undertake social research to enhance social welfare of the society. Research can help to design suitable package of measures to reduce income inequalities, to reduce poverty and unemployment, to overcome the problems of social evils such as drug addiction, abuse of alcohol, gambling, and so on. For instance, to reduce inequalities of income, Govt. Adopts progressive taxation, unemployment allowance, pension to poor senior citizens and handicapped persons, and so on.v. Formulation of New Theories:- Social research helps to formulate new theories. The existing theories can be reevaluated and modified with help of social research. For instance, social research has enable to develop several theories enables business and non business organisations to design suitable packages for uplifting the social behaviour of their members.vi. Social Planning and control:- Social research is a tool for social planing and control. Any constructive action needs to be planned for effective implementation so as to achieve the desired outcome. Also, the research may indicate suitable controls measures to correct deviations as and when the deviations occur.vii. Economic Planning:- Social science research can be of immense use in economic planning in a given society. Economic planning requires basic data on the various aspects of our society and economy, resources endowment and the needs, hopes and problems of the people, etc. Economic planning is undertaken to achieve certain objectives such as:* To bring about regional development.* To make optimum use of available resources.* To bring out self-reliance.* To generate employment,etc.viii. Prediction of Events in Society:- Research can be undertaken to predict future events in the society and their impact.For instance, research may be undertaken to find out the incidence of poverty and its impact on the society. The findings of such research would not only indicate the causes of poverty and its current and possible future impact on the society and on the nation. Such research may make the concerned authorities to take appropriate measures to reduce the incidences of poverty, thereby, reducing the negative consequences for the society.

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCHResearchers undertake research with definite objectives. Some of the important purposes or objectives of research are briefly stated as follows:1. To find solutions to problems:Research can be undertaken to find solution to solve specific problems. For instances, an organisation may initiate research to find solution to the declining sales of their products in the market. An educational institutions can undertake research to find out the causes of low attendance or poor results.A government organisations may undertake research to solve the problem of water scarcity in a particular area or district or to ascertain the impact of slums on the quality of life in a particular city, and such other research activities. The researches enables to find appropriate solutions to specific problems, which in turn helps to improve the quality of performance in various organisations or institutions.2. To verify and test existing laws or theories:Research may be undertaken to verify and test existing laws or theories. Such verification and testing of existing theories helps to improve the knowledge and ability to handle situations and events. This is true when the existing theories may not be sufficient or relevant to handle certain situations and events, and therefore, though research, improvements or modifications can be made in the existing laws or theories.3. To obtain information:Research is undertaken to obtain information, which may not be easily obtained during the ordinary course of functioning of an institution or an organisation.For instance, marketing research may be undertaken to understand the changes in consumer behaviour. A firm may undertake product research to bring about improvement or modification in the existing product on the basis of feedback obtained from consumers, dealers and others.4. To extend knowledge:Researchers undertaken research to extend the existing knowledge in physical sciences (such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, etc) as well as in social sciences (like sociology, management, psychology, etc) The knowledge can be enhanced by undertaking research in general and by fundamental research in particular.5. To establish generalizations and general laws:Research can be undertaken to establish generalizations and general laws in a particular society. In other words, statements of generality can be stated through research. The AIDA (attention, interest,desire,and action) model, the law odf demand and supply, the law of gravitation, etc. Have been developed through observation, experimentation, and other methods of research.6. To predict events:Research may be undertaken to predict future course of events. For instance, research may be undertaken to find out the impact of growing unemployment of educated youth on the social life of the social life of the social life of the society in future. The findings of such research would not only indicate the possible impact, but also would make the concerned authorities to take appropriate measures to reduce unemployment, to reduce the growth of population, and to overcome the negative consequences, as and when they take place.7. To analyses inter-relationships:Research may be undertaken to analyse inter-relationships between variables, so as to derive causal explanations, which in turn would enable to have a better understanding of our society and the universe in which we live. Researchers often develop hypotheses and test them to analyse the causal relationship between variables.For Example, a researcher may study causal relationship between advertising and sales, i.e. to find out whether or not advertising causes (results) higher sales.8. To develop new tools and concepts:Research helps to develop new tools and concepts for a better study of an unknown phenomenon. For this purpose, exploratory research is undertaken to achieve new insights into such phenomenon.9. To develop new principles and theories:A systematic research helps to develop new principles and theories. Such principles and theories can be useful to several organisations to manage and deal with people and things in a better way. The general laws or theories developed through research may enable us to make reliable predictions of events, which have not yet occurred.10. To develop innovative ideas:Research may be undertaken to generate innovative ideas for the welfare of mankind. For instance, research may enables an organisation to develop innovative ideas in respect of :* New and improved products.* Improved organisation structure.* Better technology.* New sources of raw materials, etc.

Question 2 What are the different types of research ? Enumerate issue and problems in research.The research activities can be classified into different categories. Some of the main types of research are follows:I. Basic Research:Basic research is also called as pure of fundamental research. It is undertaken to develop a theory or a body of knowledge. The main goal of basic research is to expand mans knowledge. In basic research, there is no commercial angle. For instance, basic research lays down the foundation for the applied science that follows.In basic research, there is no commercial angle. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result basic research. In almost all countries, pure research is mainly carried out by universities and institutes financed by the government.Basic research advances fundamental knowledge about the world it focuses on refuting or supporting theories that explain observed phenomena. Pure research is the source of most new scientific ideas and ways of thinking about the world. It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; however, explanatory research is the most common.Basic research generates new ideas, principles, and theories, which may not be immediately utilized. However, the new theories or ideas form the basis progress and development in different fields. For instance, todays computers does not exists without research in pure mathematics conducted over a century ago, for which there was no known practical application at the time. Basic research rarely helps practitioners directly with their everyday concerns; nevertheless, it stimulates new ways of thinking that have the potential to revolutionize and dramatically improve how practitioners deal with the future.II. Applied Research:Applied Research is a scientific study design to solve the practical problems, rather than merely acquiring knowledge. Applied research is used to find everyday problems and develop innovative technologies.

Psychologists working in human factors or organisations undertake applied research. The goal of applied research is to improve human condition. It generally used to handle a particular situation or to solve a particular problems.For instance, a social research scholar may undertake research to find out job satisfaction of college teachers affiliated to University of Mumbai. The research findings can be applied by colleges or the University to improve the level of job satisfaction of the teachers. Also, a research can be undertaken to study the job satisfaction of nurses in Govt. Hospitals vis-a-vis private hospitals in the city of Mumbai. The research findings can be used by Govt. Hospitals and private hospitals to improve the job satisfaction levels of the nurses.The applied research can be undertaken by business organisations as well. For instance, a business organisation may undertake applied research to find out the causes of poor sales of a particular brand in the market. The research findings can be used to design necessary measures to overcome the problem of poor sales.III. Descriptive Research:Descriptive research or statistical research provides data about the population or universe being studied. But it can only describe the who, what, when, where, and how of a situation. It does not describes what caused a particular situation. Therefore, descriptive research is used when the objective is to provide a systematic descriptive that is an factual and accurate as possibles. It provides the number of times something occurs, or frequency of occurrence. It lends itself to statistical calculations such as determining a average number of occurrences or central tendencies. The two most commonly types of descriptive research methods include observation method and survey method.One of its major limitations is that it cannot help determine what causes a specific behaviour, motivation, or occurrence. It cannot establish a cause-effect relationship between variables.The descriptive research provides facts of a particular events or situation. It give description of the sate of affairs, as the exists of a particular event or situation. The researcher has no control over the situation or event. He can only report what has happened or what is happening. For instance, a researcher may report on absenteeism in a particular organisations or several organisations in a particular industry or even in different industries. Details can be given for a particular period- in terms of the total number of absentees, the number of days which employees are they remained absent, the department or section in which there is absenteeism, the class of employees who remain absent most, and such other details. The research will not indicate why the employees remained absent.IV. Analytical Research:Analytical Research is undertaken to collect facts or data, or the facts or data may be readily available. The researchers attempts critically evaluate such facts or data so as to arrive at conclusions. This type of research may establish the cause and effect relationship. The researchers may provide necessary recommendations to improve or solve the problem or to handle certain situations or event.A research may be conducted to find out the relationship between advertising and sales. The marketed sold the product in two periods say Period I (January to March ) and Period II (April to June ). The marketer increases advertising in Period II. The sales data indicate increase in sales in Period II. The marketer may like to know through causal or analytical research whether or not advertising has caused the increase in sales during Period II.The analytical research helps to understand the causes-effect relationship between variables. It is also helps to focus on those variables that have greater positive effect, and to eliminate certain variables that have negative effect on the situation.V. Empirical Research:Empirical research can be define as research based on experimentation or observation Empirical research is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct an indirect observation or experience or experiment. Such research is conducted to test hypothesis. The word Empirical means information gained by experience observation, or experiment. The central theme in scientific methods is that all evidence must be empirical which means it is based on evidence. In scientific method the word empirical refers to the use of working hypothesis that can be tested using observation and experiment.Research design varies by field and by the question being investigated. Many researchers combine qualitative and quantitative forms of analysis to better answer questions which cannot be studied in laboratory settings, particularly in the social sciences.VI. Qualitative Research:Qualitative Research is a method of inquiry employed in many disciplines, especially in the social sciences. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, and when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are often used than large samples. For instance,a research undertaken to find out the reasons as to why employees remain absent from work or why people behave in certain manner. The motivational research is an important type of qualitative research. Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioural sciences where the main aims is to find out the underlying motive of human behaviour.VII. Quantitative Research:Quantitative research is Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.The research asks a specific, narrow question and collects a sample of numerical data from the respondents. The researchers analyzes the data with the help of statistics. The analyzed data may provide unbiased result that can be generalized to some larger population. Qualitative research, on the other hand, asks broad questions and collects data from participants. The researcher looks for the themes and describes the information in themes and patterns exclusive to that set of participants.VIII. Other Types of Research:Research can be classified into various other types such as:Field research or laboratory research.One- time research or multi-period research.Conclusion-oriented research or decision-oriented research.Historical research or current-situation research.

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN RESEARCHThere are certain issues that affect the effectiveness of research. The issues are relating to objectivity of data collection, ethical issues, and so on. The issues create problems for the researcher to collect correct accurate and reliable data.The problems in research are as follows:There are certain limitations or difficulties in the use of scientific method in social sciences. The main limitations are as follows:1. Problem of accuracy:Social science deal with human beings- their behaviour, and social life. The human behaviour cannot be predicated with accuracy. This is because; human behaviour is subject to change depending upon the situation,the nature of the person, and other factors. Therefore, scientific method in social sciences cannot predict with accuracy the behaviour of human beings.2. Problem of Uniformity:Human behaviour is not uniform. Different persons different behaviour differently under certain situations. In other world all people do not behave in te same manner in similar situations. Also, one may behave differently in similar situation at different times. Therefore, scientific method in social sciences has the problem of generating uniformity in the behaviour of different human beings under similar situations.3. Problem of Bias:The scientific method in social sciences is affected by the problem of bias on the part of the researcher. Some researchers may be biased in scientific method. They may draw conclusions subjectively depending upon their likes, dislikes, feeling and emotions. In other worlds there is a problem of objectivity in using the scientific method in social sciences as compared to physical sciences.4. Problem of sampling:In social sciences, the researcher uses a particular sample of respondents to understand the behaviour of human being in a given situation. However, there are problems in sampling. In the other words, the selected sample of respondents may not represent the universe, and as such, even if the study conducted with the use of scientific method, may not bring objectives results.5. Problem of respondents:In social sciences, scientific method may not provide objectives responses from the respondents. Some respondent may deliberately give wrong responses so as to please the researcher or to get away with the interviews as quickly as possible. Even in the case of observation, the respondents may be conscious of being observed, and therefore, they may behave differently than otherwise.6. Problem of verification:The physical phenomena may be known directly through senses, but the social phenomena are known only symbolically through words representing such as social phenomena, i.e. Culture, customs, tradition, values, and other subjective aspects of social life. Therefore, it is difficult to verify the conclusions drawn from social science research.7. Problem of Laboratory Experiments:In most physical sciences, it is possible to undertake controlled laboratory experiments. However, it is difficult to perform controlled laboratory experiments in the case of social science research, although to a limited extent laboratory experiments are possible in social science as well. As social sciences develop, a number of human problems may be hopefully be brought within the reach of laboratory experiments.8. Issues relating to Practical Significance:At times, the research may be undertaken for name sake or just for the purpose of recognition. For instance, academic research may be undertaken to get M.phil or PhD Degree. A number of research programmes undertaken by academicians in India and hardly serves any practical significance.9. Ethical issues relating to Research Process:There are various ethical issues in research. Some of the ethical issues in research are conducted with the research process. The ethical issues relating to the research process are concerned with research design, sample size, data collection, data processing, data analysis and interpretation, and so on. However, the ethical issues relating to research process can be avoided by systematic planning for research and by following ethical norms in conducting the research.10. Issues relating to Plagiarism:There are also issues relating to Plagiarism. Plagiarism is the copying the published work of another person and ones own or without proper permission and acknowledgment.|Therefore, one should not copy, paraphrase or translate anything from elsewhere without stating the source of the original text.

Question 3 As a customer, you wanted to buy a car in small segment particularly without gear or automatic car. How you will select ? What factors and which company you will consider while doing a research for automobile industry.How will you proceed for collecting the info/data about the car. As a customer in all me respects/specialty of car.Answer 2 In research of a buying a automatic car in small segment there are following several factors which are going to effect this research are as follows:- First The budget of the customer. Types of car like in this case small car

There are following list of the car which are set in the small automatic or without gear car segment. Maruti Suzuki Celerio Maruti Suzuki Ritz Hyundai Grand i10 Mahindra e2o Honda Brio These are following car which i am going to serve of these car for research and compare there features and rate technology, looks and colors etc.

First car which described is Maruti Suzuki Pvt ltd car Celerio and Ritz both the car are automatic transmissions and which are as follows:-

Maruti Suzuki Celerio VXi AT Price: 4.44 lakhsEx-showroom, New DelhiThe specification chart is as belowLength (mm)3600

Width (mm)1600

Height (mm)1560

Seating Capacity (Person)5

Displacement (cc)998

Fuel TypePetrol

Max Power (bhp@rpm)67 @ 6000

Max Torque (Nm@rpm)90 @ 3500

Mileage (ARAI) (kmpl)23.1

Alternate FuelNot Applicable

Transmission TypeAutomatic

No of gears (Gears)5

Drive-trainFWD

Air ConditionerManual

Power WindowsFront & Rear

Seat UpholsteryFabric

And next car is Maruti Suzuki Ritz Vxi AT BS-IV

Maruti Suzuki Ritz Vxi AT BS-IVPrice: 5.76 lakhsEx-showroom, New DelhiThe specification chart is as belowLength (mm)3775

Width (mm)1680

Height (mm)1620



Fuel TypePetrol







Drive-trainFWD




Central LockingRemote

The next car is from Hyundia i10 Sportz AT 1.2 Kappa VTVT

Hyundai i10 Sportz AT1.2 Kappa VTVTPrice: 5.68 lakhsEx-showroom, New Delhi

The specification chart of as below Length (mm)3765

Width (mm)1660

Height (mm)1520



Fuel TypePetrol







Drive-trainFWD





The next car is Mahindra e2o T0

Mahindra e2o T0Price: 5.96 lakhsEx-showroom, New DelhiThe specification chart of as belowLength (mm)3280

Width (mm)1514

Height (mm)1560


Displacement (cc)

Fuel TypeElectric



Mileage (ARAI) (kmpl)

Alternate FuelELECTRIC

Transmission Type

No of gears (Gears)

Drive-train

Air ConditionerAutomatic Climate Control

Power WindowsFonts&Rear


Central Locking

The Last car is Honda Brio VXAT

Honda Brio VXATPrice: 6 lakhsEx-showroom, New DelhiThe specification chart of as belowLength (mm)3610

Width (mm)1680

Height (mm)1500



Fuel TypePetrol







DrivetrainFWD


Power Steering



Anti-Lock Braking System

Airbags2 (Driver & Co-Driver)


There is a comparing chart of all company Basic of compareMaruti Suzuki CelerioMaruti Suzuki RitzHyundai i10Mahindra e2oHonda Brio

Length (mm)36003775376532803610

Width (mm)16001680166015141680

Height (mm)15601620152015601500



Fuel TypePetrolPetrolPetrolElectricPetrol

Max Power (bhp@rpm)67 @ 600085 @ 600079 @ 600025 @ 375087 @ 6000

Max Torque (Nm@rpm)90 @ 3500113 @ 4500112 @ 400053 @ 3400109 @ 4500

Mileage (ARAI) (kmpl)23.117.116.9518.9

Alternate FuelNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot ApplicableELECTRICNot Applicable

Transmission TypeAutomaticAutomaticAutomaticAutomatic


DrivetrainFWDFWDFWDFWD

Air ConditionerManualManualManualAutomatic Climate ControlManual

Power SteeringFront & RearFront & RearFront & RearFonts&Rear

Power WindowsFabricFabricFabricFabricFront & Rear

Central LockingRemote RemoteRemote

Airbags2 (Driver & Co-Driver)


Price Rate Ex-showroom New Delhi 4.44 Lakhs 5.76 Lakhs 5.68 Lakhs

5.96 Lakhs6.lakhs

At this Comparison we find Out Two model for our consult these are Maruti Suzuki Ritz And Honda Brio both car is Look sporty and mileage of the car are enjoyable And i go for buy a car Maruti Suzuki Ritz and going to purchase.

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Documents

Assignment of Research Methodology