Asset Management and Rehabilitation

Asset Management and Rehabilitation

Approaches for our Aging InfrastructureFrederick H. Tack, P.E., PACP, M.ASCE | Civil Engineer

Vice President, ASCE Phoenix Branch

Chair, EWRI Desalination and Water Reuse Committee

September 11, 2015, Desert Willow Conference Center, Phoenix, Arizona

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Frederick Tack, P.E., PACP, M.ASCE

Project Manager │Civil Engineer │ADEQ Certified Operator

The Need for WWTP Rehabilitation

The Big Four

Strategic Asset Management

Goals & Overview

Approach

Deferred Maintenance Considerations

Approaching Capacity

Aging Infrastructure

Increasing Need for Water Reuse

Presentation Takeaways

120 WWTP in AZ

12+ more WWTP

planned in the

next decade +

Vary in size from

10,000 gpd to

160+ mgd

State avg. daily

treated flow of

419 mgd (2008)

“… a need for rehabilitation or replacement of existing

facilities that are nearing or past the end of their expected

useful life” … ”many portions of the wastewater systems are

50 years old or more”

“many of Arizona’s wastewater plants suffer from deferred

maintenance” … “many utilities’ revenues and budgets were

significantly reduced during the downturn, with needed

projects deferred or cancelled”

“ 1 in 5 of the State’s WWTPs reported receiving flows at or

beyond their permitted capacity”

“as environmental standards tighten, and” … “water reuses

expand and become more sophisticated, the result is” …

“higher levels of treatment and more robust treatment

processes”

- 2015 REPORT CARD FOR ARIZONA’S INFRASTRUCTURE

The Big

Four

Aging

Infrastructure

Deferred

Maintenance

Approaching

Capacity

Increasing Need

for Water Reuse



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Approach and techniques vary by community and application

need to prioritize systems critical components

need to develop the right rehabilitation project is key for compliance

and budget goals

Asset Management Planning should be based on critical goals:

1) Compliance (Capacity, Permit/Regulatory)

2) Reliability/criticality

3) Budgets (Capital and O&M)




Asset Management Planning can be at the:

System Level

(WWTP – Compliance)

Sub-system Level

(i.e. headwords, primary, secondary, tertiary, solids – Performance)

Component Level

(i.e. basin, pump, blower, tank, controls – Performance and Reliability)






Protect your biggest investments:

Public Health and Safety

WWTP and Collection System Worker Health and Safety

WWTP Infrastructure

Conveyance Systems

Proactively safeguard against:

Service disruption

Compliance Issues

Find your weakest link and

predict critical components.

Strategic Asset Management Approach



System Evaluation

Chemical EfficiencyMotor Efficiency Blower Efficiency

Sampling TestingCosts (Budgeted/Actual)

Functional Requirements Monitoring and Controls Asset Planning

Work Practice Efficiency Maintenance Efficiency

Functional RequirementsDesign Criteria

Reliability/Criticality

O&M Manual

Performance

Requirements

P&ID

Design Report

Redundancy

Critical Spare Parts

Operating Procedures

Operating/Control Strategies

Process Requirements

Permit Requirements

Design

Actual

Effluent

Biosolids

Odor

other




Compliance

Asset Planning

Replacement Schedule

Rehab/Refurbish Schedule

Consequence of Failure

(Criticality)

Asset Inventory

Install Date

Life Cycle

Rehab/Refurb. Cost

ConditionLeads to capital budget planning and

deferred maintenance decisions






Deferred Maintenance

Deciding not to spend, does not always

equate to saving

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Replacement Planning

USEPA - SSO Fact Sheet—Asset Management

WWTP Capacity Limit

Planned

Replacement

Budget

Planned

Expansion

Budget

Deferred

Maintenance

Cost

Co

st

for

Reh

ab

ilit

ati

on

$$$$

$

$$

$$$



Co

st

for

Reh

ab

ilit

ati

on

$$$$

$

$$

$$$

Equal to Full

Replacement


Replacement Planning Optimization




Replacement Planning Optimization




Local, Regional and National Trends

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Concerns – Overview



Hydraulic Capacity

Expansion required as 80% of design hydraulic capacity is

approached

Loading Capacity (concentration)

Permit Requirements

Local Limits

Coupling of Capacity Concerns

Hydraulic capacity impacts loading capacity

Loading capacity (conc.) limits hydraulic loading

Bio-solids become the limiting factor for compliance


Concerns – Regional Example 1, National Trend



Initial Design

Criteria Present Influent Conditions

Characteristic

Annual

Average

Maximum

Month

Annual

Average

Change in

Annual

Average (Δ)

Maximum

Month

Change in

Maximum

Month (Δ)

Flow, MGD* 6 6.2 3.3 -2.7 3.79 -2.41

BOD, mg/L*443 576

689 246.0 785 209

BOD, mg/L** 560 117.0 980 404

TSS, mg/L*574 746

665 91.0 889 143

TSS, mg/L** 647 73.0 910 164

TKN, mg/L** 55 64 72 17.0 140 76

Ammonia – N, mg/L** 33 36 37 4.0 49 13


Concerns – Regional Example 2, National Trend



Design Criteria Present Influent Conditions

Characteristic

Annual

Average

Maximum

Month

Peak

Day

Annual

Average

Change

in Annual

Average

(Δ)

Maximum

Month

Change in

Maximum

Month (Δ)

Flow, MGD 4 5.2 1.912 -2.1 2.232 -2.968

BOD, mg/L 312 368 378 222.5 -89.5 330 -38

TSS, mg/L 238 293 252.5 14.5 520 227

TKN, mg/L 31 52.5 21.5

Ammonia – N, mg/L 22 30 8.3


Concerns – Regional Example 3, Compliance Limits



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Need for Change to

Local Limit

0.0%

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560.0%

640.0%

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of

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80% of MAHL


Concerns – Regional Example 4, Compliance Limits



Need for Change to

Local Limit


Expansion Planning Optimization

Site Footprint Comparison

Existing

Image

placeholder

MBR/MBBR/IFASConventional

Front Royal, VA. Expansion from 4 to 5 MGD and upgrade to Advanced Nutrient Removal






Nothing Last but Change


Approach



Typically infrastructure rehabilitation starts after major compliance and

regulatory issues have been addressed.

Rehabilitation approach starts with:

Data gathering (as-builts and mapping the facilities)

Condition Assessment

Criticality Rating

MOPOs

Budgets

Prioritize systems critical components


As-builts and Mapping







3D-SCAN

SURVEY

CONFINED

SPACES





0+00

Ele

va

tio

n, ft

0+20

0+40

0+38

0+36

0+34


Condition Assessment – CCTV Process Piping




Condition Assessment – Structural Inspections



INTRUSIVE

TESTING


Condition Assessment – Structural Inspections




Planning and Design - Prioritizing



1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Solids

Handling

Facility

15

16

13

14

Solids

Thickening

Facility


Execution



Structural Inspection

DOME REMOVAL


Execution



BEFORE REPAIRS AFTER REPAIRS




Wastewater treatment needs are

evolving to become water reuse needs


Water / Energy Nexus



91st

Avenue WWTP

~200 MGD Capacity

~135 MG Daily Avg.

Tres Rios Wetland

~25.4 MGD

~59.5 MGD to Palo Verde

Nuclear Power Plant

~26.7 MGD to Buckeye

Irrigation District


Diversify Water Resources Portfolio



Source: Water data from USGS, Estimated Use of Water in the United

States in 2000, County-level data for 2000; population data from U.S.

Census Bureau, State Interim Population Projections by Age and Sex:

2004–2030

2015 2030

Total Water Demand

Population

Range of Possible Available

Fresh Water Sources

Projected Capacity Challenge

Expand water portfolio to increase or add

reliance includes reclamation

Reclamation inherently considers desalination


Complexity Coupling



The ability to implement water reuse technologies become fiscally

challenging and compound when coupled with rehabilitation or

expansion needs of existing municipal wastewater treatment

facilities.


The questions then become:



1) What regulations or guidelines exist for implementing direct

potable, indirect potable, and non-potable (direct) reuse projects?

2) What alternative technologies are effective to polish effluent to

reuse standards, while maintaining existing conventional

treatment processes?

3) How cost effective is it to maintain conventional treatment facility

and implement alternative treatment technologies for expansion

of municipal facilities?


1) Reuse Regulations and Guidelines



Summary of State and U.S. Territory Reuse Regulations and Guidelines


1) Direct Potable Reuse Quality Goals



Based on WRRF 11-02:

12-log enteric virus

10-log Cryptosporidium (Giardia implied)

9-log bacteria

WateReuse Research Foundation (WRRF) (2012)

“Examining the Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse” Project 11-02. URL:

https://www.watereuse.org/product/11-02-1

Based on CDPH:

12-log viruses

10-log Giardia and Cryptosporidium

• plus both have requirements for trace chemicals

• plus concerns of emerging contaminants

State of California (July, 2013) “California Regulations Related to Drinking

Water” Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment URL:

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&

cad=rja

https://www.watereuse.org/product/11-02-1

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja


2) Reuse Technologies



Membrane Technologies

Advanced Oxidation

Biologically Active Filers


2) Reuse Technologies



CAS

MF or UF

MBR/MBBR/IFAS

CAS

O3

BAF

MF or UF

MBR/MBBR/IFAS

CAS

MF or UF

MBR/MBBR/IFAS

UV/H2O2

UV

UV

Cl2

NF or RO

Potential Treatment Trains for IPR, NPR, DPR to existing CAS facilities:


2) Reuse Technologies - Membranes



REVERSE OSMOSIS

NANOFILTRATION

ULTRAFILTRATION

MICROFILTRATION

PARTICLE FILTRATION

AQ. SALTS

IONS

CARBON

VIRUS

BACTERIA

MIST

BEACH SAND

POLLEN

MILLED FLOUR

HERBICIDE

T&O

PHARMACEUTICALS

0.001 0.01 0.1 10 1001000

IPR

an

d N

PR

DP

R

De

sa

lin

ati

on


2) Reuse Technologies – Advanced Oxidation



O3 + UV is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for disinfection.

Synergies of UV Disinfection and Ozone can be cost-effective.

When temperature are 15℃, CT value for 3-log inactivation of Giardia

Cysts by ozone is 0.95mg/min-L, for viruses is 0.5mg/min-L.

Common ozone dissolution methods include:

Bubble diffuser contactors;

Injectors;

Turbine mixers

If bromide ion is present in the raw water, halogenated DBPs may

be formed which may pose a greater health risk than non-

brominated DBPs.

The bromate ion and brominated organics can be controlled during

ozonation by techniques including biologically active filters (BAF).





Design Example:

Water depth 18-22ft

85-95% ozone transfer

efficiency

Contact time=10min

V=Qt=8360ft3

Depth=20ft

A=V/h/3=140ft3



Principal Reactions Producing Ozone Byproducts




2) Reuse Technologies – Biologically active Filters



Biologically Active Filters (BAF) are typically implemented to polish the

effluent stream from Ozone (O3)

BAF increases particle removal while removing assimilable organic

carbon (AOC) and other constituents

Assimilable organic carbon is a measure of the growth potential of

organic materials

The biology is established naturally, which requires limited “Seeding”

Ozonation by-products such as aldehydes, easily removed

TOC removal is generally independent of EBCT





Influent from

Ozone

Effluentunderdrain

Backwash

Overflow

freeboard

biologically active

filter media

Similar treatment concept as sand filtration

http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/toolbox/WHO 4000 Process of SSF.png

http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/toolbox/WHO 4000 Process of SSF.png



Synergy between Ozone and BAF



Ozone breaks macromolecular non-organic matter (NOM) and

other constituents to biodegradable organic matter

Ozonation process adds oxygen to the water improves the

function of aerobic bacteria

Bio-filter increases microbial growth

Non biodegradable materials can be made biodegradable after

partial oxidation by ozone

Results in reduced TOC/COD/BOD concentrations

Effects in Contaminants

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal occurs in BAF by a physical-

chemical and biological processes

AOC removals are typically very high in BAF

Typical 20% to 30%

reduction in disinfection

by-product formation

potential (DBPFP) when

used after Ozone

DBP precursor reduction

Effective NDMA removal







How cost effective is it to maintain conventional treatment

facility and implement alternative treatment technologies

for expansion of municipal facilities?


Technology Evaluation



PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT PRELIM.

TREATMENT

PRELIM.TREATMENT

PRIMARYCLARIFIERS

PRIMARYCLARIFIERS

REACTORSREACTORS

REACTORS REACTORSREACTORS REACTORS

REACTORS REACTORS

REACTORS REACTORS

REACTORS REACTORSREACTORS REACTORS

CHEM FEED

CHEM FEED

CHEM FEEDCHEM FEED

CHEM FEED CHEM FEED

CHEM FEED

CHEM FEEDCHEM FEED

CHEM FEEDSECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

SECONDARYCLARIFIERS

IPSIPS

IPS

IPSSANDFILTERS

SANDFILTERS

SANDFILTERS

SANDFILTERS

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEM

MEMBRANEFILTRATION

SYSTEMUV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UV

UVUV

UV

UV

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

GENERAL

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACT

CONTRACTCONTRACT

CONTRACT

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

$80

CAS MBR CAS MBR CAS MBR CAS MBR CAS MBR CAS MBR CAS MBR20-y

ea

r N

PV

of L

ife

cycle

Co

sts

, 2

01

2 U

SD

, M

illio

ns

Scenario 1:

No TN,TP limit

Scenario 2:

No TP limit

Scenario 3:

Baseline BNR

Scenario 4:

Primary Clarifier

Scenario 5

Warm Weather

Scenario 6

High Peak Flow

Scenario 7

Strict TP Limit

CAPEXCAPEX CAPEX

CAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX CAPEX

CAPEX

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR

LABOR LABOR

LABOR

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER

POWER POWER

POWER

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICALCHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINTEQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

EQ MAINT

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPSUV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

UV LAMPS

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

MEMBRANES

CAPEXCAPEX CAPEX

CAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX

CAPEXCAPEX CAPEX

CAPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEX

OPEXOPEX

OPEXOPEX

OPEX OPEXOPEX

OPEX

Last Thoughts



Beware commitments to technology with O&M costs beyond

projected financial capacities

Unplanned replacements costs of technologies early in the

lifecycle can reduce the capacity to maintain long term success

National trends in hydraulic flow reduction and an increase in

loadings will require additional flexibility to be added to most

existing conventional systems

Increased flexibility typical equates to increased CAPEX and

OPEX costs

Wastewater treatment plant technology and processes needs

to be evaluated differently when considering reuse



The Need for WWTP Rehabilitation


The Big Four

Deferred Maintenance Considerations




Recap Takeaways

Automation/SCADA design and implementation

Contract operations and maintenance

O&M manuals

Pretreatment programs

Permitting and regulatory assistance

Utility master planning

Asset management

Economic analysis and rate studies

Startup and commissioning services

Process and energy use optimization

Design-build owner's engineering services

Design-build and alliance partnerships

Facilities planning

Alternatives analysis

Life cycle assessment

Comprehensive facility evaluations

Bio-solids management planning

Comparative benchmarking

Treatability studies and pilot studies

Process design

Concept design

Detailed design for bid/tender

Construction phase engineering services

Construction management and inspection

Program management

Frederick Tack, P.E., PACP, M.ASCEProject Manager │Civil Engineer │ADEQ Certified Operator

[email protected]

(602) 216-7206

www.ghd.com

Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Services:

Documents

Asset Management and Rehabilitation