Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable

TechnologiesEuropean Parliament ITRE Committee

22 March 2011

Study for European Parliament ITRE Committee

bull Aim of the study provide background information and advice on priority measures and actions to be undertaken in the field of new renewable technologies

bull Contributors Ludwig-Boumllkow-Systemtechnik (LBST) Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) College of Europe (CoE) HINICIO

bull Published June 2010

bull Download at httpwwweuroparleuropaeuactivitiescommitteesstudiesdownloaddolanguage=enampfile=31648

Study for European Parliament ITRE Committee

bull Aim of the study provide background information and advice on priority measures and actions to be undertaken in the field of new renewable technologies

bull Contributors Ludwig-Boumllkow-Systemtechnik (LBST) Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) College of Europe (CoE) HINICIO

bull Published June 2010

bull Download at httpwwweuroparleuropaeuactivitiescommitteesstudiesdownloaddolanguage=enampfile=31648

Structure of the Study

I State of the Art and Further Potential for Emerging Technologiesndash Technology Ripeness

ndash Estimated Technical Potential in EU-27

II Markets and Barriersndash Status Markets and Industry Structures

ndash Barriers Cross-cutting Technology-specific

III EU Policy Assessmentndash Energy Regulatory Policy

ndash RampD and SET Plans

New Technologies Addressed

bull Off-shore wind energy 75 to 10 MW turbines floating foundations

bull New photovoltaic technologies silicon thin film concentrating dye ink organic

bull Concentrating solar power parabolic through linear Fresnel solar tower

bull Bio-energy biogas upgrading BTL IGCC lignocellulosic ethanol

bull Ocean energy current wave tidal

bull Geothermal energy Hot Dry Rock ORC Kalina Cycle

I Offshore Wind First Wind Farms

Horns RevCompletion 2002 Capacity 160 MW Location 14-20 km off Danish

west coastWater depth 6-14 m Invest 1675 eurokW (plus major

overhaul of all wind

Alpha VentusCompletion November 2009 Capacity 60 MW Location 45 km off the German

island of Borkum Water depth 30 mInvest 4200 eurokW

Total installed offshore capacity lt2000 MWPlanned offshore capacity 2020 40000 MW

Concepts of Floating Foundations

LBST

deriv

ed fr

om [N

REL 2

007]

Ballast Stabilised(Spar-buoy)

Mooring Line Stabilised(Tension-Leg-Platform)

Buoyancy Stabilised

+ 60 m

Photovoltaics (PV) Silicon

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Mono crystalline silicon Si 13-20 gt20 ~270lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr20 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Multi crystalline silicon Si 12-14~270lt1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr17 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr)

Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) silicon

Si 12-13 lt1 (target) Lifetime gt 25 yr

String Ribbon silicon Si 11-12 lt1 (target) Low energy payback time15 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Amorphous silicon Si 5-7~220lt1 (target)

Lifetmie gt 25 yr Low energy payback timelt 2 yr

Micro crystalline siliconMicromorph silicon

Si7-89-1085

gt12 lt1 (target)Lifetime gt 25 yrNF3 emissions at production stage can be avoided by using F2

bull Mature technologybull R amp D now focus on reducing costs energy consumption and use of hazard substances

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

New Technologies Addressed

bull Off-shore wind energy 75 to 10 MW turbines floating foundations

bull New photovoltaic technologies silicon thin film concentrating dye ink organic

bull Concentrating solar power parabolic through linear Fresnel solar tower

bull Bio-energy biogas upgrading BTL IGCC lignocellulosic ethanol

bull Ocean energy current wave tidal

bull Geothermal energy Hot Dry Rock ORC Kalina Cycle

I Offshore Wind First Wind Farms

Horns RevCompletion 2002 Capacity 160 MW Location 14-20 km off Danish

west coastWater depth 6-14 m Invest 1675 eurokW (plus major

overhaul of all wind

Alpha VentusCompletion November 2009 Capacity 60 MW Location 45 km off the German

island of Borkum Water depth 30 mInvest 4200 eurokW

Total installed offshore capacity lt2000 MWPlanned offshore capacity 2020 40000 MW

Concepts of Floating Foundations

LBST

deriv

ed fr

om [N

REL 2

007]

Ballast Stabilised(Spar-buoy)

Mooring Line Stabilised(Tension-Leg-Platform)

Buoyancy Stabilised

+ 60 m

Photovoltaics (PV) Silicon

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Mono crystalline silicon Si 13-20 gt20 ~270lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr20 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Multi crystalline silicon Si 12-14~270lt1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr17 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr)

Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) silicon

Si 12-13 lt1 (target) Lifetime gt 25 yr

String Ribbon silicon Si 11-12 lt1 (target) Low energy payback time15 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Amorphous silicon Si 5-7~220lt1 (target)

Lifetmie gt 25 yr Low energy payback timelt 2 yr

Micro crystalline siliconMicromorph silicon

Si7-89-1085

gt12 lt1 (target)Lifetime gt 25 yrNF3 emissions at production stage can be avoided by using F2

bull Mature technologybull R amp D now focus on reducing costs energy consumption and use of hazard substances

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

I Offshore Wind First Wind Farms

Horns RevCompletion 2002 Capacity 160 MW Location 14-20 km off Danish

west coastWater depth 6-14 m Invest 1675 eurokW (plus major

overhaul of all wind

Alpha VentusCompletion November 2009 Capacity 60 MW Location 45 km off the German

island of Borkum Water depth 30 mInvest 4200 eurokW

Total installed offshore capacity lt2000 MWPlanned offshore capacity 2020 40000 MW

Concepts of Floating Foundations

LBST

deriv

ed fr

om [N

REL 2

007]

Ballast Stabilised(Spar-buoy)

Mooring Line Stabilised(Tension-Leg-Platform)

Buoyancy Stabilised

+ 60 m

Photovoltaics (PV) Silicon

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Mono crystalline silicon Si 13-20 gt20 ~270lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr20 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Multi crystalline silicon Si 12-14~270lt1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr17 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr)

Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) silicon

Si 12-13 lt1 (target) Lifetime gt 25 yr

String Ribbon silicon Si 11-12 lt1 (target) Low energy payback time15 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Amorphous silicon Si 5-7~220lt1 (target)

Lifetmie gt 25 yr Low energy payback timelt 2 yr

Micro crystalline siliconMicromorph silicon

Si7-89-1085

gt12 lt1 (target)Lifetime gt 25 yrNF3 emissions at production stage can be avoided by using F2

bull Mature technologybull R amp D now focus on reducing costs energy consumption and use of hazard substances

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Concepts of Floating Foundations

LBST

deriv

ed fr

om [N

REL 2

007]

Ballast Stabilised(Spar-buoy)

Mooring Line Stabilised(Tension-Leg-Platform)

Buoyancy Stabilised

+ 60 m

Photovoltaics (PV) Silicon

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Mono crystalline silicon Si 13-20 gt20 ~270lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr20 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Multi crystalline silicon Si 12-14~270lt1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr17 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr)

Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) silicon

Si 12-13 lt1 (target) Lifetime gt 25 yr

String Ribbon silicon Si 11-12 lt1 (target) Low energy payback time15 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Amorphous silicon Si 5-7~220lt1 (target)

Lifetmie gt 25 yr Low energy payback timelt 2 yr

Micro crystalline siliconMicromorph silicon

Si7-89-1085

gt12 lt1 (target)Lifetime gt 25 yrNF3 emissions at production stage can be avoided by using F2

bull Mature technologybull R amp D now focus on reducing costs energy consumption and use of hazard substances

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Photovoltaics (PV) Silicon

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Mono crystalline silicon Si 13-20 gt20 ~270lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr20 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Multi crystalline silicon Si 12-14~270lt1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yr17 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr)

Edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) silicon

Si 12-13 lt1 (target) Lifetime gt 25 yr

String Ribbon silicon Si 11-12 lt1 (target) Low energy payback time15 yr (1700 kWh(msup2yr))

Amorphous silicon Si 5-7~220lt1 (target)

Lifetmie gt 25 yr Low energy payback timelt 2 yr

Micro crystalline siliconMicromorph silicon

Si7-89-1085

gt12 lt1 (target)Lifetime gt 25 yrNF3 emissions at production stage can be avoided by using F2

bull Mature technologybull R amp D now focus on reducing costs energy consumption and use of hazard substances

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Photovoltaics (PV) Thin Film

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 8-11 15~220lt 1 (target)

Lifetime gt 25 yrLow energy payback timeLimited tellurium (Te) resourcesDanger of Cd release in case of fire

Cupper Indium Di-sulphide (CIS)

CuInS2 7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium Gallium Di-sulphide (CIGS)

Cu(GaIn)S2 7-11gt15166

lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Cupper Indium GalliumDi-Selenide (CIGSSe)

Cu(GaIn)(SSe2)

7-11 gt15 lt 1 (target) Limited indium (In) resources

Partly a mature technology bull Smaller quantity of material necessary for production with reduced costsbull Some of the materials such as Tellurium and indium are extremely rare

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Photovoltaics (PV) Concentrating Dye Ink Organic

Efficiency (Panel) Costs

Technology Composition State-of-the-art []

Potential[]

[euroWp]Environmental performance

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

272115

(crystalline Si)30

Dye ink cell 112 (Laboratory)

Short lifetimeLimited Ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) resources

Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)

4-6(cell)

Short lifetime (lt 1 yr)

bullCPV systems are more adequate for areas with high direct solar radiation (eg Southern Europe)bullDye ink cell and Organic PV are still at the stage of development and research So far the lifetime of both is too short be used in the PV sector

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Parabolic through500 MWe installed

10000 MWe in planning under construction

Linear Fresnel 5 MWe installed Solar tower 40 MWe installed

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Bio-Energy

bull Upgrading of biogas offers the advantage to use the natural gas grid to transport biogas to the consumer and to use methane from biogas as transportation fuel Meanwhile mature technologies for biogas upgrading have been developed

bull Synthetic gasoline and diesel (ldquobiomass-to-liquidrdquo ndash BTL) can be produced via gasification of lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and straw with downstream synthesis and upgrading The technology is under development since several years BTL plants are still an issue of research and development

bull Lignocellulosic Ethanol Alternatively lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to ethanol via hydrolysis and fermentation The lignocellulosic ethanol process is also in the state of research and development The use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of transportation fuels competes with the use of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and heat generation

bull Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for the generation of electricity via an IGCC process which offer a higher electrical efficiency than conventional steam turbine only based processes Solid biomass fuelled IGCC are still an issue of research and development

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Bio-Energy Environmental Issues

bull Environmental issues in Europe are mainly the cultivation of energy crops eg the emissions of greenhouse gases from fertiliser use and the pollution of water and soil from the application of agrochemicals Adequate crop rotation systems lower the environmental impacts

bull Imported Biomass is a major concern with respect to the destruction of primary forests and the reduction of biodiversity

bull The potential of bio-energy is more limited than the potential for wind and solar energy The bio-energy potential in Europe is already exploited to 40 - 75

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Ocean Energy

bull Ocean energy includes

ndash Oscillating Water Column (OWC)

ndash Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG)

ndash horizontal and vertical ocean current

turbines

ndash Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

ndash Wave dragon

ndash osmotic power (salinity gradient power)

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Geothermal Energy

bull Geothermal power is independent from solar radiation or fossil fuels and can supply heat and electricity around-the-clock

bull Hot Dry Rock While hydrothermal geothermal plants can be built only in a few locations Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is technically feasible in all European countries but not everywhere economical due to high drilling costs

bull Organic Rankine Cycle Kalina Cycle The heat supplied by the majority of the geothermal resources in the EU such as aquifers and fault lines and geothermal resources produced via HDR is usually below 220degC requiring Organic Rankine Cycle or Kalina Cycle technologies Typical electricity conversion efficiencies are 7 to 12 (depending on water temperature)

bull Pilot Stage Commercialisation Prerequisites So far only a few low-temperature pilot plats have been realised To move geothermal power generation to commercialisation a significant cost reduction of all technologies is necessary

bull Research Needs The development of applied simulations methods low-temperature cycles and improved total system integration is necessary

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Technology Ripeness Overview

Research Develop-ment

Pilot Demo Pre-

commercial

Commercial

Offshore wind Foundations

PVSilicon Si aSi multi-Si

PVThinfilm CdTe

PVThin (3G) Gretzel dye organic

Ocean power

Biogas

BioBtL Choren

BioLignEtOH Iogen

GeoPower

GeoHeat

Legend Degree of activity (relative within each category) Dark blue = Very high Blue = High White = Low

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Potential for Renewable Electricity in EU-27

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Hydropower Wind offshoreWind onshore Geothermal power stationsOcean power (waves currents) Concentrating solar power (CSP)Photovoltaics (2) Electricity consumption EU 27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

min max min max min max

Elec

tric

ity [T

Wh

yr]

Forestry Residual wood Residual strawBiogas from organic residue Short rotation forestry (SRF)Energy crops for biogas Oil seedsElectricity consumption EU-27 2006 (1)

ConsumptionEU 27 2006

bdquoSRF+ldquo bdquoPlantation biogas+ldquo bdquoPlant oill+ldquo

Ludw

ig-B

oumllko

w-S

yste

mte

chni

k G

mbH

201

0

Biomass-basedDirect power

(1) IEA Statistics 2008(2) Roofs (23 of the adequate roofs) and openl land (01 of the total land area)

100 of the biomass potential is used for electricity generation (no biofuels heat from biomass only via CHP)

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Supplying Energy Demand by Solar

World

Europe

Germany

LBST 1988

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Technical Potentials

Technology Market deployment share Market potential

Offshore wind lt 1 2900-3200 TWheyr

Photovoltaics lt 1 1100-1700 TWheyr (1)

Concentrating solar power lt 1 1450-2240 TWheyr

Bioenergy (heat electricity transport fuel)

40-75 1100-2000 TWhyr (2)

Ocean power ~0 200 TWheyr (3)

Geothermal power gt 1 460-520 TWheyr

(1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 01 of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels eg on noise barriers along motorways

(2) The lower value is based on the assumption that todayrsquos biomass use for the generation of heat electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass 642 TWh) 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste 64 TWh biogas 20 TWh plant oil 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol 22 TWh oil seed based biofuels 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009] In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10 of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops

(3) Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010] Ocean wave power 142 TWhyr Tidal power 36 TWhyr Osmotic power 28 TWhyr

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Status Mapping of New Renewable Energies

HIGH

LOWHIGHLOW

EARLY MARKET NICHE MARKET

BOOM MARKET MASS MARKET

Offshore wind

Concentratingsolar power

Ocean power

Geothermal power

MarketPotential

MarketDeployment

LBST

2010

Bioenergy (2)

Photovoltaics (1)

(1) Roofs plus 01 of the total land area in EU 27 (2) Residues plus 10 of the arable land in EU 27

Heat ampPower

Transport Fuel

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

II Markets and Industry

bull In Europe renewable technology developments have mainly been initiated by small start-up companies which have grown rapidly and or have merged

bull Large corporations have entered by acquiring some of the young established players

bull Offshore wind farms have investment volumes beyond the capabilities of SMEs all other (new) renewables can be deployed by SMEs and large corporations alike

bull The changes required in the energy sector by limited resource availabilities and increasing environmental burdens in the course of the next 10+ years will be great Price signals will not anticipate these changes early enough to allow for a smooth transition

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Barriers for all renewables

bull Infrastructure and Planningbull RampD and project financing issues

ndash Start-up and early-stage financing requiredndash R amp D and project financing issues

bull Acceptance and approvalndash lsquoNIMBYrsquo (Not in My Backyard)

bull Support instrumentsndash Diversity of support instruments with varying effectiveness

bull General mind setndash Bio-energies tend to be overestimated while

electricity-based renewables tend to be underestimatedndash Short-term considerations often win over long-term needs

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Technology specific barriers

bull Offshore Wind and Concentrating Solar Powerndash availability of (coastal) grid access

ndash (hinterland) transport capacity

bull Photovoltaicsndash lack of knowledge institutional capacity and appropriate mechanisms

on supply and demand side to address the potentially huge markets in so-called developing and threshold countries

bull Bio-energyndash limited availability which needs to be appropriately acknowledged

whenever development strategies are formulated

bull Biogasndash lack of financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding

into the natural gas grid

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Technology specific barriers (2)

bull Ocean Energy

ndash Technology barriersndash European regulatory framework eg in order to ensure

co-existence with seaways

bull Geothermal Energy

ndash high exploration riskndash acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in

danger if earthquakes from Hot Dry Rock developments repeat More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

III Energy Regulatory Policy

bull The Energy and Climate change package adopted on 6 April 2009

ndash Revised EU Emissions Trading Schemendash Directive for the promotion of Renewable Energy

Resources

bull The Second strategic Energy Review (SSER) of 13 November 2008ndash Increase the security of Europersquos energy supplies (develop

indigenous energy production)

bull The third legislative package on EU electricity and gas markets

ndash Designed to ensure that the internal market will operate smoothly in the future

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

EU Policy Intervention in RampD

bull With the Lisbon Agenda for jobs and growth fostering innovation has become a key objective of the EU

bull The EU research strategy is based on the development of the European Research Area (ERA) initiative supported byndash The European Research Council the European Institute of

Technology the European Industrial Initiatives and a number of supporting agencies

bull The central funding mechanism at the EU level the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) has more than doubled its funds compared to the 6th Present funding for period 2007-2013 is euro532 billion

bull The EC has developed the SET-Plan ndash Strategic Energy Technology Planndash Mission orientedndash Focused on fulfilling EU Energy objectivesndash Promoting coordinated and well funded research across the EU

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

SET Plan Technology (waves 2010 to 2050 )

The SET Plan tries to address certain weaknesses of the FP7bull Excessive bureaucratic burdenbull Lack of participation by the private sectorbull Lack of coordination and follow of research undertaken in the EU

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

bull EU budget and the European Investment Bank could contribute to the funding of new technologies

ndash Better coordination of different initiativesndash Reforms of structural fundsndash Finance risky projects (EIB)

bull Funding should sustain the costs of developing regional infrastructures

bull Attention should also be drawn on the importance of accomplishing the single market for energy (ensure the existence of the European grid)

Funding of RampD in new technologies

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx

Thank you for your attention

Anthony Brenninkmeijer Partner

Hinicio

Rue des Palais 44

1030 Brussels

Belgium

Phone +32 (0)22113414

Fax +32 (0)22188973 Mobile +32(0)477559711 e anthonybrenninkmeijer hinicio com

w httpwwwhiniciocom

• Anthony BRENNINKMEIJERpptx