Aspek Adat isitiadat dan agama dalam identifikasi jenazah di

Indonesia

Peter Sahelangi

Menurut Palang merah Internasional dlmBuku petunjuk penatalaksanaan jenazah korban bencana

6 Official religions recognizes in Indonesia by Indonesian Constitution

1. ISLAM 85,1 %

2. PROTESTANTISM 9,2 %

3. CATHOLICISM 3,5 %

4. HINDUISM 1,8 %

5. BUDDHISM 0,4 %

6. CONFUCIANISM 0,13 %

Is there any objections to Autopsy or Identification process in Indonesia by

Religious /cultural reasons ?

• ISLAM - Maslaha is the principle of public benefit - 1972 Al Azhar Fatwa Committee based on Maslaha

permitted autopsy if ; * medical students will learn from them * justice prevails * contagious diseases are controlled * undergo several rigid traditions following death ( will explain later in Aceh Tsunami case )

• PROTESTANTISM - Believed that death is when the spirit leaves the body and returns to God - The body is made “of dust from the ground “ and become a mortal housing for the soul after that God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life ( Genesis 2:7 and 2 Corinthians 5:4 ) - Protestantism accepted autopsy with undergo several rituals surrounding death and body should always be handled with respects

• CATHOLICISM

- 1531 Catholic church permitted autopsies based on Roman physician and philosopher Aelius Gallenus 129-199 AD who explained a need for human dissection in On Anatomical Procedures

- Today Catholics accept the value of autopsy and generally agree with its use for medical education ,organ transplantation , determination of diagnoses after that cremation with one condition : after received sacraments by the priest

• HINDUISM - Hinduism belief a cycle of life, death and rebirth - Family must provide a smooth journey to death, because death is not viewed as a finite event. - In the beginning , Hindus believe that an autopsy may be disturbing the soul, a disturbed spirit could reenter the body ,not continue life and become evil . - The body should be cremated held by a priest and the ashes are spread into a holy body of water /sea - In summary Hindus avoid autopsy but comply if necessary by law

• BUDDHISM - Buddhist believe that the body is a shell for the spirit and the spirit remains following death and is reborn . - Where it is reborn is dependent on the person’s karma ( results of his /her past actions ) - The body should not be disturbed for 3 days until a religious leader has determined that the soul has death , at this time most Buddhist will be cremated - Buddhist believe that autopsies are a form of compassion that help preserve life , and if there is a question of natural versus unnatural deaths .

• CONFUCIANISM

- With regards to death, Confucius was often criticized for not discussing the matter, because he believed that we should focus on the present day and not attempt to seek an afterlife. - Burial is the custom in Confucianism - Some historians believe that the Chinese conducted autopsies before the time of Confucius ,as their medicines was far more advanced than other empires. - In modern times , however .followers of Confucianism did not prohibit autopsy.

Kebun Bunga Mass graveyard in Medan 2005

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