EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 1

Department of Electrical Engineering

Instructor: Aqeel Ahmed Qureshi Date: 4th March, 2014

Semester: 4th Section: BESE-3A

EE-212: Basic Electronics

Lab 4: INTRODUCTION TO MESH ANALYSIS

Name Reg. No

Report Marks /

10

Viva Marks /

5

Total/15

Asad Sarwar 873

Nabeel Ali Sajid 587

Zubair Aslam 251

EE-212: Basic Electronics Page 2

INTRODUCTION TO MESH ANALYSIS

Introduction This laboratory execise is meant to enble the students to accomplish mesh analysis of simple circuits and correlate measured vaues with the theoretical calculations of voltages and currents through various circuit elements.

Objectives The following are the broad objectives of this lab:

Circuit setup on bread board. Calculate the currents and voltages in the valarious circuit elements. Use the DMM as a ammeter and voltmeter to measure the various

currents and voltages. Explain deviations in results in case these are encountered during

the experiment.

Conduct of Lab The students are required to work in groups of three to four; each student must attempt to understand and use the laboratoy set-up and conduct at least one or two parts of the requirement experimentation. The lab attendents and Teaching Assistants will be available to assit the students.

In case some aspect of the lab experiment is not understood the students are advised to seek help from the teacher, the lab attendent or the assigned Teaching Assistant (TA).

Lab Equipment The following equipment would be used in this experiment: Test test bench The Multimeter The Power Supply Digital Multimeter

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Pre Lab:

Mesh Analysis:

Mesh analysis is a method that is used to solve planar circuits for

the currents (and indirectly the voltages) at any place in the circuit.The mesh

analysis method is based on the systematic application of KVL.

Calculate the voltage across each resistor by applying KVL for your practice.

R8

1k

R1

1kR7

1k

R2

1k

R5

10k

R6

10k

R9

1M

V1

10VdcR3

100k

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Lab Tasks:

1) Circuit for Analysis by MESH Analysis Method. a) For the circuit given below use MESH ANALYSIS to measure and

calculate all the currents and voltages for each circuit element. The first step is to calculate the values of currents ,to accomplish do the following. i) Measure all the currents and voltages. ii) Caluculate the power delivered /absorbed by each circuit element. iii) Write thefinal set of equations necessary to calculate the currents. iv) Fill in TABLE 1a & 1b.

FIGURE 1

I1

I5

I3

I2

IA

I4

CAUTION

DO NOT SWITCH ON POWER TILL

YOU HAVE GOTTEN YOUR CIRCUIT

CHECKED BY YOUR TEACHER /LAB

ATTENDANT / TA

M 1

M 2

M 3

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THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

S.NO ELEMENT VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA) POWER (mW)

CALCULATED MEASURED CALCULATED MEASURED Calc. Meas.

1 V1

10 9.97 6.98 7.03 69.8 70.09

2

R1 3.31 3.3 3.3 3.28 10.92 10.82

3

R2 6.69 6.66 0.67 0.67 4.48 4.46

4

R3 12.38 12.3 2.63 2.63 32.55 32.44

5

R4 6.32 6.31 6.31 6.37 39.88 40.19

6

R5 3.69 3.65 3.68 3.64 13.58 13.29

7

V2 12 11.99 2.63 2.63 31.56 31.53

TABLE 1a

b) Now simulate the above circuit in PSpice and record the values of voltages and currents in the table below and find out the percentage deviation in the measured and simulated values.

c) By using the printscreen option save the simulation and attach in lab report.

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S.NO

ELEMENT

VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA) %age DEVIATION

SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED V I

1 V1

10 9.97 6.98 7.03 -0.30 0.71

2

R1 3.31 3.3 3.3 3.28 -0.30 -0.61

3

R2 6.69 6.66 0.67 0.67 -0.45 0.00

4

R3 12.38 12.3 2.63 2.63 -0.37 0.00

5

R4 6.32 6.31 6.31 6.37 -0.16 0.94

6

R5 3.69

3.65 3.68 3.64 -1.10 -1.10

7

V2 12 11.99 2.63 2.63 -0.08 0.00

TABLE 1b

2) Explain any discrepancies between the calculated and measured values

There are very little differences in the easured and the calculated values and that is due to the internal resistance of the system i.e. wires and resistors which we do not include in our calculations but are offered to the circuit and hence causes differences.

3) Circuit For Analysis using Super MESH Concept..

a) For the circuit given below use SUPER MESH CONCEPT calculate all the currents and voltages for each circuit element. Set up the circuit give below and do the following: i) Measure all the currents and voltages.

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ii) Caluculate the power delivered /absorbed by each circuit element. iii) Fill in TABLE 2a & 2b.

FIGURE 2

I1

I6

I3

I2

IA I4

I5

IB

CAUTION

DO NOT SWITCH ON POWER

TILL YOU HAVE GOTTEN

YOUR CIRCUIT CHECKED BY

YOUR TEACHER /LAB

ATTENDANT / TA

M 1

M 3 M 4

M 2

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THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

S.NO

ELEMENT

VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA) POWER (mW)

CALCULATED MEASURED

CALCULATED MEASURED Calc. Meas.

1 V1 20 20 6.49 6.42 129.8 128.4

2

R1 10.75 10.68 10.75 10.80 115.6 115.3

3

R2 9.25 9.35 1.85 1.65 17.1 15.4

4

R3 4.7 4.65 0.47 0.43 2.2 2.0

5

R4 4.64 4.70 4.64 4.66 21.5 21.9

6

R5 4.26 4.34 4.26 4.19 18.1 18.2

7

R6 19.59 19.67 4.17 4.22 81.7 83.0

8 V2 15 15 8.43 8.67 126.5 130.1

TABLE 2a

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b) Now simulate the above circuit in PSpice and record the values of voltages and currents in the table below and find out the percentage deviation in the measured and simulated values.

c) By using the printscreen option save the simulation and add them in reprt.

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S.NO

ELEMENT

VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (mA) %age DEVIATION

SIMULATED MEASURED SIMULATED MEASURED

Calc. Meas.

1 V1

20 20 6.48 6.42 0.00 -0.93

2

R1 10.74 10.68 10.74 10.80 -0.56 0.56

3

R2 9.26 9.35 1.85 1.65 0.96 -15.63

4

R3 4.62 4.65 0.46 0.43 0.65 -6.98

5

R4 4.64 4.70 4.64 4.66 1.28 0.43

6

R5 4.26 4.34 4.26 4.19 1.84 -1.67

7

R6 19.62 19.67 4.17 4.22 0.25 1.18

8 V2 15 15 8.43 8.67 0.00 2.77

TABLE 2b Explain any discrepancies between the calculated and measured values There are very little differences in the easured and the calculated values and that is due to the internal resistance of the system i.e. wires and resistors which we do not include in our calculations but are offered to the circuit and hence causes differences.

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3. Considering the time it took to measure the values of voltage and current across the elements, and the time it took to perform mesh analysis on paper, would you agree that mesh analysis is an effective circuit analysis technique? Explain your answer. Mesh analysis is a very good technique for such circuits where only voltage sources are used because the time to solve this problem on paper is very less as compared to the circuit analysis after implementation on hardware though the results are same with very little ignorable differences. So I think Mesh analysis is the best and most easiest method to analyze such circuits.

4. Please explain briefly what you have learned in this lab and any difficulties you encountered. In this lab we learnt about the implementation of Mesh analysis on hardware. We patched the circuits on hardware and analyzed it and also analyze using Mesh on paper and then found if there were any differences. We hardly found any difference. The only difference is the time taken by both these methods. On paper time is very less as compared to the time taken to implemnt on hardware and analyze it. The difficulty was when we got our circuit short somewhre and the currents were calculated incorrectly. Conclusion: In this lab we learnt the implementation of Mesh analysis both on paper and on the hardware. We analyzed the circuits and found the differences in the calculated, measured and simulated values.