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Artificial Lift in Mature Fields
By Marcelo Hirschfeldt
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Patagonia Argentina
Golfo San Jorge BasinCase Study of the
Argentina
Artificial Lift in Mature Fields
By Marcelo Hirschfeldt
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Patagonia Argentina
Golfo San Jorge BasinCase Study of the
Argentina
ARTIFICIAL LIFT CONFERENCES ARTIFICIAL LIFT CONFERENCES
2121--22 22 FebruaryFebruary 2006 2006 –– JakartaJakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
OutlineOutline
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
••Lifting cost consideration & evolutionLifting cost consideration & evolution
•• ConclusionsConclusions
•• Argentina Argentina –– Regional contextRegional context
-- Oil & gas production history and distributionOil & gas production history and distribution
•• GolfoGolfo San Jorge Basin (GSJB) San Jorge Basin (GSJB) –– IntroductionIntroduction
-- Reservoir characteristicsReservoir characteristics
-- Oil & water production trendsOil & water production trends
••GSJB GSJB -- Artificial Lift SystemsArtificial Lift Systems
-- Sucker rod / Sucker rod / PCPumpPCPump / / ESPumpESPump & others & others
-- Artificial lift evolution Artificial lift evolution –– Typical exampleTypical example
Argentina Argentina –– Regional contextRegional context
SouthSouthAmericaAmerica
ArgentinaArgentina
Buenos AiresBuenos Aires
GOLFO SAN JORGE GOLFO SAN JORGE BASINBASIN
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
ArgentinaArgentina-- Regional contextRegional context
General InformationGeneral InformationFive productive basinsFive productive basins
Oil Oil [bpd][bpd]: : 649,240649,240Gas Gas [[MMcfpdMMcfpd]] 4,8664,866Water Water [M bpd][M bpd]: : 5,0155,015Water %: Water %: 9090Active Oil Wells: Active Oil Wells: 18,20018,200
35.5 35.5 bopdbopd / well/ wellActive Gas Wells: Active Gas Wells: 1,3201,320
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Basins Basins –– Production distributionProduction distribution
Oil production Oil production -- MbpdMbpd
5050
100100
150150
200200
250250
300300
G. San JorgeG. San Jorge
43.4 %
CuyanaCuyana
6 %
NeuquinaNeuquina
42.8 %
AustralAustral
5.8 %
NorthNorth--WestWest
2.2 %
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Oil well distributionOil well distribution
Oil wells : 18,200Oil wells : 18,200
GolfoGolfo San San JorgeJorgeNeuquinaNeuquina
CuyanaCuyana
AustralAustral NoroesteNoroeste
63 %63 %30 %30 %
5 %5 %
1.7 %1.7 % 0.3 %0.3 %
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Argentina Argentina -- Production HistoryProduction History
19001900 19201920 19401940 19601960 2000200019801980 20202020
Oil & Gas Production History (average per year)Oil & Gas Production History (average per year)
200200
400400
600600
800800
1,01,0
2,02,0
3,03,0
4,04,0
0000
Oil
Oil
--M
bo
pd
M b
op
d
Ga
s G
as
--M
M c
fpd
MM
cfp
d
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Cumulative oil Production
9,070 MM BO9,070 MM BO
2005200519991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004
1,0001,000
2,0002,000
4,0004,000
5,0005,000
6,0006,000
400400
800800
1,2001,200
6006003,0003,000
1,0001,000
200200
Wa
ter
Wa
ter
--M
bp
dM
bp
d
Oil
Oil
--M
bo
pd
M b
op
d
Golfo San JorgeGolfo San Jorge
Argentina Argentina –– Oil ProductionOil Production
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial Lift distributionArtificial Lift distribution
Total oil wells : 18,200Total oil wells : 18,200
SRPSRP
70.9 %70.9 %
12,90112,901
ESPESP
15.3 %15.3 %
2,7872,787
PCPPCP
10 % 10 %
1,8241,824
Gas liftGas lift
1 % 1 %
176176
Plunger liftPlunger lift
0.8 % 0.8 %
141141
Natural Natural flowingflowing
1.9 %1.9 %
351351
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Atla
ntic
Oce
an
General InformationGeneral InformationArea Area [M Acre]: 28,00028,000Oil Oil [bpd]: 281,500281,500Gas Gas [MM cfpd]: 447447* Water * Water [M bpd]: 2,6862,686Water Water %: : 9090Active Active oil wells: : 11,46711,467
24.5 24.5 bopdbopd / well/ well°° API API (Type Escalante) 2424
* All the water is injected* All the water is injected
Drilling : Drilling : 3030WokoversWokovers: : 6565
Golfo San Jorge Basin (GSJB)Golfo San Jorge Basin (GSJB)
Comodoro Rivadavia
2005 RIG Count2005 RIG Count
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
First oil well drilled in First oil well drilled in Comodoro Rivadavia in 1907Comodoro Rivadavia in 1907
Comodoro Rivadavia
Caleta Olivia
Cañadón Seco
Pico Truncado
Las Heras
Sarmiento
145 miles 9
4 m
iles
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Cities
Oil Oil fieldsfields distributiondistribution
Golfo San Jorge Basin (GSJB)Golfo San Jorge Basin (GSJB)
Comodoro Rivadavia
Caleta Olivia
Cañadón Seco
Pico Truncado
Las Heras
Sarmiento
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Cities
GSJBGSJB-- Reservoir characteristicsReservoir characteristics
•• Enviroment of depositionEnviroment of deposition
•• Fluvial and alluvial braided stream.Fluvial and alluvial braided stream.
••TrapsTraps
••Tilted horst blocks, faulted anticlines, Tilted horst blocks, faulted anticlines, combination structural/combination structural/stratigraphicstratigraphic
•• StratigraphicStratigraphic pinchoutspinchouts
•• Reservoir rocksReservoir rocks
•• SandstonesSandstones
•• Multi layers (lens)Multi layers (lens)
•• Since 30 Individual Reservoir in some Since 30 Individual Reservoir in some wellswells
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB GSJB -- Reservoir characteristicsReservoir characteristics
NorthNorthSouthSouth
WestWest EastEast
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB GSJB -- Reservoir characteristicsReservoir characteristics
NorthNorthSouthSouth
10,000 ft
3,000 ft
65 miles65 miles
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Water Oil
GSJB GSJB -- Oil and Water ProductionOil and Water Production
500500
2,0002,000
1,0001,000
3,0003,000
1,5001,500
2,5002,500
5050
100100
150150
200200
250250
300300
350350
400400
450450
500500
Wa
ter
Wa
ter
--M
bp
dM
bp
d
Oil
Oil
--M
bo
pd
M b
op
d
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2005200519991999
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Oil produced from WaterfloodingOil produced from Waterflooding
40 % of oil production is from secondary recovery
(waterflooding)
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2005200519991999
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Water % evolutionWater % evolution
80%
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
Wa
ter
Wa
ter
--%%
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2005200519991999
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Typical oilfield in Typical oilfield in GolfoGolfo San JorgeSan Jorge
•• Finishing of primary stage (natural declination) and Finishing of primary stage (natural declination) and beginning of secondary recovery projects (water beginning of secondary recovery projects (water flooding)flooding)
•• High fluid flow rate extraction (in 51/2High fluid flow rate extraction (in 51/2”” casing)casing)
•• High water % and oil production from secondary High water % and oil production from secondary recoveryrecovery
•• Complex fluids: corrosive, heavy oil, gas, sand and Complex fluids: corrosive, heavy oil, gas, sand and scalescale
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
•• Multitphaces fluids (Oil + gas + water)Multitphaces fluids (Oil + gas + water)
•• Multilayer reservoir (from 3000 to 9000 ft) in the same Multilayer reservoir (from 3000 to 9000 ft) in the same wellwell
Artificial lift & typical well completionArtificial lift & typical well completion
SRPSRP -- 78 %78 % -- 8,9898,989
PCPPCP -- 11 %11 % -- 1,3131,313
ESPESP -- 10 %10 % -- 1,1251,125
Gas LiftGas Lift -- Plunger Lift Plunger Lift –– Jet pumpJet pump
51/251/2”” CasingCasing (9(955 %)%)
Vertical Vertical wellwell
SomeSome directionaldirectionalwellswells
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Beam Pumping ESP PCP
Artificial Lift EvolutionArtificial Lift Evolution
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005
7,0007,000
8,0008,000
9,0009,000
10,00010,000
11,00011,000
12,00012,000
192 %
135 %
17 %
Grows in the last 5 years
Nu
mb
er
of
we
llsN
um
be
r o
f w
ells
S.Rod pumping
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Sucker rod pumpingSucker rod pumping
•• Insertable & Tubing pump : From 1 Insertable & Tubing pump : From 1 ½”½” to 3 to 3 ¼”¼” diameterdiameter
PumpsPumps
Best Best practicespractices & & InnovationsInnovations
Sucker rod Sucker rod
•• Grade D: 1Grade D: 1””--7/87/8””-- 3/43/4””
Sucker rod Sucker rod ““over size pinover size pin””
SR SR ¾”¾” -- 7/87/8”” pin / SR 7/8pin / SR 7/8”” –– 11”” pinpin
HighHigh StrengthStrength Rods Rods & & specialspecial alloyalloy
TEN
AR
IS-S
ider
ca
SurfaceSurface
LongLong-- StrokeStroke PumpingPumping UnitsUnits-- 300 300 ””
The bigest MII in Latin AmericaThe bigest MII in Latin America
Pump off controlerPump off controler
•• Conventional, MII & Air BalancedConventional, MII & Air Balanced
•• Max Torque: Max Torque: 1,280 1,280 [M in.lbs][M in.lbs] RO
TAFL
EX
LUFK
IN
MII-1824-427-216
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000fl b d
Sucker rod pumpingSucker rod pumping
5,400 ft5,400 ft
400 bfpd400 bfpd
Flowrate Flowrate -- bfpdbfpd
Pu
mp
de
pth
P
um
p d
ep
th --
ftft
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 0.4 –– 1.21.2
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Sucker rod pumpingSucker rod pumping
SummarySummary
•• Numb of wells : Numb of wells : 8,9898,989
•• Average flowrate Average flowrate -- bpd: bpd: 400400
•• Average pump depth Average pump depth -- ft : ft : 5,4005,400
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 0.4 –– 1.21.20
200400600800
1,0001,2001,4001,6001,800
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Pu
mp
de
pth
Pu
mp
de
pth
--ftft
Flo
wra
te
Flo
wra
te --
bfp
db
fpd
Number of wells
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Progressive cavity pumpProgressive cavity pump
Drive headDrive head
Sucker rod stringSucker rod string
DownholeDownhole
•• Tubular & Insertable pumpsTubular & Insertable pumps•• Single lobeSingle lobe•• NBR & HNBR ElastomerNBR & HNBR Elastomer
High flow rate single lobe pumps : High flow rate single lobe pumps : 500 bpd @ 100 rpm500 bpd @ 100 rpm
Downhole pressure & temperature sensorDownhole pressure & temperature sensor
•• Direct & Right angle Direct & Right angle
•• Max. power : 75 HpMax. power : 75 Hp
Grade D : 1Grade D : 1”” & 7/8& 7/8””
Hollow rods Hollow rods (PCP Rods(PCP Rods™™) )
HighHigh StrengthStrength Rods Rods & & specialspecial alloyalloy
Best Best practicespractices & & InnovationsInnovations
TEN
AR
IS-S
ider
ca
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
4,000 ft4,000 ft
770 bfpd770 bfpd
Flowrate Flowrate -- bfpdbfpd
Pu
mp
de
pth
P
um
p d
ep
th --
ftftProgressive cavity pumpProgressive cavity pump
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 1.0 1.0 -- 1.41.4
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
SummarySummary
•• Num of wells : Num of wells : 1,3131,313
•• Average flowrate Average flowrate -- bfpd: bfpd: 770770
•• Average pump depth Average pump depth -- ft : ft : 4,0004,000
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 1.0 1.0 --1.41.4
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Pu
mp
de
ph
t P
um
p d
ep
ht
--ftft
Flo
wra
te
Flo
wra
te --
bfp
db
fpd
Progressing cavity pumpProgressing cavity pump
Number of wells
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Electric submersible pump (ESP)Electric submersible pump (ESP)
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Best Best practicespractices & & InnovationsInnovations
Electric submersible pumpElectric submersible pump
SurfaceSurface
•• Switchboards Switchboards
•• Variable Variable SpeedSpeed DriveDrive (VSD) (VSD)
DownholeDownhole
•• 456 series motors @ 5 1/2456 series motors @ 5 1/2”” casingcasing
Instalation under deepest perforations Instalation under deepest perforations (51/2(51/2”” casing)casing)
-- 375 Series Motors with refrigeration shrouds375 Series Motors with refrigeration shrouds
-- Recirculation systemsRecirculation systems
Rec
ircu
latio
nSy
stem
s-C
EN
TRIL
IFT
== ==
ESP
–W
ood
Gro
up
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000
6,500 ft6,500 ft
1,300 bfpd1,300 bfpd
Flowrate Flowrate -- bfpdbfpd
Pu
mp
de
pth
P
um
p d
ep
th --
ftftElectric submersible pumpElectric submersible pump
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 0.4 –– 0.60.6
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Electric submersible pumpElectric submersible pump
SummarySummary
•• Num of wells : Num of wells : 1,3131,313
•• Average flowrate Average flowrate -- bfpd: bfpd: 1,3001,300
•• Average pump depth Average pump depth -- ft : ft : 6,5006,500
•• Pulling Job /well / year: Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 0.4 -- 0.60.6
Pu
mp
de
pth
P
um
p d
ep
th --
ftftF
low
rate
F
low
rate
--b
fpd
bfp
d
Number of wellsOilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Other Artificial lift experiencesOther Artificial lift experiences
Gas LiftGas Lift Plunger LiftPlunger Lift Hydraulic Jet PumpHydraulic Jet Pump
Diadema Diadema OilfieldOilfield -- CAPSACAPSA
Cerro Dragon Oilfield-PanAmerican Energy
Cerro Dragon Oilfield-PanAmerican Energy
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
11.000
12.000
0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000
Artificial lift summaryArtificial lift summaryP
um
p d
ep
th
Pu
mp
de
pth
--ftft
Flowrate Flowrate -- bfpdbfpd
ESPESPPCPPCPSRPSRP
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial lift evolution Artificial lift evolution -- ExampleExample
•• Example of artificial lift evolution before and during a Example of artificial lift evolution before and during a waterfloodingwaterflooding projectproject
•• Maximum reservoir depth= 7,000 ft Maximum reservoir depth= 7,000 ft
•• 5 1/25 1/2”” CasingCasing
•• We consider one oil well and one water injector wellWe consider one oil well and one water injector well
WaterfllodingWaterfllodingpatternpattern
Oil wellOil well
Water injetion well Water injetion well
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial lift evolution Artificial lift evolution -- ExampleExample
1
10
100
1000
10000
bpd
Increase pumping speed, pumping units & pump sizeIncrease pumping speed, pumping units & pump size
Secondary recovery (waterflooding)Secondary recovery (waterflooding)
Declination First stage Second stage
SRP
ESPChange ALS for ESP – Increase pumping speed & sizeChange ALS for ESP – Increase pumping speed & size
Increase pump size & depth setting
Small pumping unit & pump sizeSmall pumping unit & pump size
PrimaryPrimaryPrimary
OilOil + water
Water injection
One year
80 % 80 % forfor productionproduction
20 % 20 % WaterWater injectioinjectionn
SelfSelf ggeneratedenerated
RRentalental oror boughtbought
GasGas (owned or (owned or boughtbought))
ALS efficiencyALS efficiency
Flow rate x depth Flow rate x depth (HHP)(HHP)
Type of contractsType of contracts
Operative modelOperative model
Major artificial lift Major artificial lift sistemssistems
FailureFailure indexindex
Leas Leas oror contractcontract forforartificial artificial liftlift supplysupply
GSJB Lifting cost considerationsGSJB Lifting cost considerations
Energy (15Energy (15--30 %)30 %)
Energy distributionEnergy distribution
Surface maintenance Surface maintenance
(15(15--25 %)25 %)
SubSub--surface surface maintenance (25maintenance (25--35 %)35 %)
Oilfields with more than 85 % of water & Oil from Waterflooding Oilfields with more than 85 % of water & Oil from Waterflooding (60(60--80 %)80 %)
Fluid Fluid treatmenttreatmentPersonnelPersonnelOthersOthers
OthersOthers
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Lifting cost evolutionLifting cost evolution
Effect of system efficiencyEffect of system efficiency Lifting cost model solutionLifting cost model solution
By By JohnJohn G. G. SvinosSvinos & & TerryTerry TreibergTreiberg –– Theta Theta EnterpricesEnterprices, , IncInc SPE 69559SPE 69559-- ForecastForecast TechniquesTechniques forfor LiftingLifting CostCost in Gas in Gas andandOil Oil OnshoreOnshore FieldsFields-- Ricardo E. MartRicardo E. Martííneznez--PerezPerez CompancCompanc
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Lifti
ngco
st–
u$s
/ B.O
.E
Cumulative production (% of Final Recovery)
ConclusionsConclusions
To increase the productive basin lifeTo increase the productive basin life
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
How to achieve it ?How to achieve it ?
• Deepest reservoirs
What is our challenge ?What is our challenge ?
• Waterflooding project (improving recovery factor)
• Exploration
• Off shore development
• To continue improving our artificial lift experience
Contact information Contact information
Marcelo HirschfeldtMarcelo Hirschfeldt
OilProduction Consulting & TrainingOilProduction Consulting & Training
Patagonia ArgentinaPatagonia Argentina
www.oilproduction.netwww.oilproduction.netInfo@[email protected]