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NORTHWEST ISD
tion in the digestive tract
Gonads= primary sex organs in the male and
in the female. Each is structured differently,
and each produces its own unique set of hor-
mones
Testes= Are paired organs within a sac of
skin called scrotum, what produces male sex
hormones
Ovaries= are a set of paired glands in the
pelvis that creates several types of hormone
including estrogens, and progesterone, what
produces women’s sex hormones
Steroid hormones= usually used for sports
build up large molecules (anabolism)will
cause negative feed back such as atrophy of
the testes.
Hormone
Glucagon= Pancreatic
islets= Promotes
movements of glucose
from storage and into
the blood
Insulin= Pancreatic
islets= Promotes
movements of glucose
out of the blood into
the cells
Somatostatin= Pancre-
atic islets= can have
general effects in the
body, but primary
role seems to be reg-
ulation of secretion of
the pancreatic hor-
mones
Pancreatic polypep-
tide = pancreatic is-
lets= excact functions
incertain, but seems
to influence absorp-
Written by—Agron Mena
11/12/12 VOLUME 1, ISSUE 4
HORMONES, THE PERFECT STORM?
Inside this issue:
Agron Mena 1
Colton Goudie 2
Jasmine Bountom 3
Ashley Bookston 4—5
Kamiera Taylor 6
© (17)
Written by—Colton Goudie
Page 2
HORMONES, THE PERFECT STORM?
16-6
The target cell concept. A hormone acts only on cells
that have receptors specific to that hormone because
the shape of the receptor de-
termines which hormone can
react with it. This is an exam-
ple of the lock-and-key model
of biochemical reaction. (1)
The endocrine
system is re-
sponsible for
the regulation
of hormones in
the body. It
works with
nervous system
by stimulating
the brain to re-
lease hormone
to stimulate
glands like thy-
roid glands to
secrete thyroid
hormones
The endocrine
system is a col-
lection of
glands and or-
gans that pro-
duce and regu-
late hormones
in the blood-
stream to control many func-
tions of the body. This system
overlaps with the nervous sys-
tem and exocrine system, and
its responsibilities include
metabolism, growth and sexu-
al development Many of the
basic hormones are active
from birth, but most of the
hormones relates to repro-
ductive functions are not pro-
duced or secreted
until puberty.
Written By—Jasmine Bountom
Page 3
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 4
© (18)
Written By- Ashley Bookston
Page 4
NEWSLETTER TITLE
Hormone Source Target Principle Action
Growth hormone-
releasing hormone
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(somatotrophs)
Stimulates secretion of
growth hormone
Growth hormone-
inhibiting hormone (GIH)
ir somatostatin
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(somatotrophs)
Inhibits secretion of
growth hormone
Corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH)
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(corticotrophs)
Stimulates release of
adrenocorticotropic hor-
mone (ACTH)
Thryotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(thyrotrophs)
Stimulates release of thy-
roid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GNRH)
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(gonadotrophs)
Stimulates release of gon-
adotropins (FSH and LH)
Prolactin-releasing hor-
mone (PRH)
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(corticotrophs)
Stimulates secretion of
prolactin
Prolaction-inhibiting hor-
mone (PIH)
Hypothalamus Adenohypophysis
(corticotrophs)
Inhibits secretion of pro-
lactin
Growth hormone (GH)
(somatotropin [STH])
Adenohypophysis
(somatotrophs)
General Promotes growth by stim-
ulating protein anabolism
and fat mobilization
Prolactin (PRL)
(lactogenic hormone)
Adenohypophysis
(lactotrophs)
Mammary glands
(alveolar secretory cells)
Promotes milk secretion
Thyroid-stimulating hor-
mone (TSH)*
Adenohypophysis
(thyrotrophs)
Thyroid glands Stimulates development
and secretion in the thy-
roid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hor-
mone (ACTH)*
Adenohypophysis
(corticotrophs)
Adrenal cortex Promotes development
and secretion in the ad-
renal cortex
Follicle-stimulating hor-
mone (FSH)*
Adenohypophysis
(gonadotrophs)
Gonads (primary sex or-
gans)
Female- promotes devel-
opments of ovarian folli-
cle; stimulates estrogen
secretion
Male- promotes develop-
ment of testis; stimulates
sperm production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
*
Adenohypophysis
(gonadotrophs)
Gonads Female- triggers ovula-
tion; promotes develop-
ment of corpus luteum
Male- stimulates produc-
tion of testosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
Neurohypophysis Kidney Promotes water retention
by kidney tubules
Oxytocin (OT) Neurohypophysis Uterus and mammary
glands
Stimulates uterine con-
tractions; stimulates ejec-
tion of milk into mamma-
ry ducts
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid gland (follicular
cells)
General Increase rate of metabo-
lism
Tetraiodothyronine (T4)
or thyroxine
Thyroid gland (follicular
cells)
General Increase rate of metabo-
lism (usually converted to
T3 first)
Calcitonin (CT) Thyroid gland
(parafollicular cells)
Bone tissue Increases calcium stor-
age in bone, lowering
blood calcium levels
Page 5
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1
Parathyroid hormone
(PTH) or parathormone
Parathyroid glands Bone tissue and kidney Increases calcium remov-
al from storage in bone
and produces the active
form of vitamin D in the
kidneys, increasing ab-
sorption of calcium by
intestines and increasing
blood calcium levels
Aldosterone Adrenal cortex (zona glo-
merulosa)
Kidney Stimulates kidney tubules
to conserve sodium,
which, in turn, triggers
the release of ADH and
the resulting conserva-
tion of water by the kid-
ney
Cortisol (hydrocortisone) Adrenal cortex (zona fas-
ciculata)
General Influences metabolism of
food molecules; in large
amounts, it has an anti-
inflammatory effect
Adrenal androgens Adrenal cortex (zona re-
ticularis)
Sex organs, other effec-
tors
Exact role uncertain, but
may support sexual func-
tion
Adrenal estrogens Adrenal cortex (zona re-
ticularis)
Sex organs Thought to be physiologi-
cally insignificant
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Adrenal medulla Sympathetic effectors Enhances and prolongs
the effects of the sympa-
thetic division of the auto-
nomic nervous system
Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Sympathetic effectors Enhances and prolongs
the effects of the sympa-
thetic division of the auto-
nomic nervous system
Glucagon Pancreatic islets (alpha a
cells or A cells)
General Promotes movement of
glucose from storage and
into the blood
Insulin Pancreatic islets (beta b
cells or B cells)
Pancreatic cells and other
effectors
Can have general effects
in the body, but primary
role seems to be regula-
tion of secretion of other
pancreatic hormones
Somatosatin Pancreatic islets (delta d
cells or D cells)
Pancreatic cells and other
effectors
Can have general effects
in the body, but primary
role seems to be regula-
tion of secretion of other
pancreatic hormones
Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic islets
(pancreatic polyperptide
[PP] or F cells
Intestinal cells and other
effectors
Exact function uncertain,
but seems to influence
absorption in the diges-
tive tract
Never got Part...
NORTHWEST ISD
Written By—Kamiera Taylor