kmfu'g@)&! 1

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cy{la6 k|sfzg ;d"xsf nflu

;Dkfbsk|sfzs M s[i0f e/fO{;Nnfxsf/ ;Dkfbs M s[i0f clj/n M cljhfn lai6cltly ;Dkfbs M ;'dg/fh kGt;]o/ ahf/ ;Dkfbs M ladndfg >]i7;u/dfyf k|ltlglw M /fhg k/fh'nLemfkf ;+jfbbftf M nIdL pk|]tLl8hfOg tyf ;fh;Hhf M k|sfz g]kfnahf/ k|aGws M u0f]z sfsL{cfj/0f kmf]6f] ;|f]t M OG6/g]6lj1fkg ;Dks{ M (*%@)%%&)% M (*$@)%*(*$ M (*$@)@*&@%sfof{no M O6x/L%, ;'g;/L,kqfrf/ 7]ufgf M M cy{la6 dfl;s klqsf M O6x/L%, d~h'>L 6f]nkmf]g M )@%%*@^!*, (*%@)%%&)%zfvf sfof{no M lj/f6gu/ a/uf5L M w/fg 5ftf rf}s

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Ok]k/ Joj:yf M k|sfz OGkmf]l;;, lj/f6gu/d'b|0f M c/lgsf] ckm;]6 k|];, lj/f6gu/

cy{la6 kfOg] :yfgx? M d}gfnL a's :6f]/, la/f6gu/ dsfn' k':ts k;n, O6x/L ;f]gL k':ts k;n, O6x/L d}gfnL a's :6f]/, w/fg b'uf{ :6]zg/L, ul5of >]i7 a's :6f]/, bds lhljsf O{G6/k|fOh]h, latf{df]8 ;/:jtL k':ts k':ts k;n, Onfd

g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z eg]/ w]/} cuf8Lb]vL elgb} / ;'lgb} cfPklg ca of] Psfb]zsf] syfh:t} agL ;s]sf] 5 . lsgsL cfheGbf !% jif{ cl3;Dd caf}{+sf s[lif pkh, vfBGg, t/sf/L, cn}+rL, ;'Gtnf OToflb ljb]z lgof{t ub}{ cfPsf] o; b]zdf clxn] em08} &) k|ltzt vfBGg kmnk"mn / t/sf/L ljb]zaf6 cfot eO /x]sf] 5 . bzsf}+b]vL jif]{gL @) cf}+ ca{ ?k}ofF s[lif ljsf; / cg';Gwfgdf vr{ x'Fb} cfPsf] b]zdf x/]s jif{ s[lif pTkfbg 3l6 /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ls;fgsf] ;xof]usf nflu cfpg] cg'bfgsf /sdx? s]lx u}/ ls;fgsf] ldn]dQf]df sfuhL k|ltj]bg agfP/ vfOlbg] k/Dk/f /x]sf] u'gf;f] jf/Djf/ s[lif If]qdf ;'Gg] ul/G5 . jf:tjdf b]zsf] ah]6 jflif{s h'g ?kdf s[lif If]qdf nufgL eO /x]sf] 5 pknAwL ;'Go a/fj/ b]lvg'n] klg u'gf;f] ;xL xf]sL eGg s/} nfU5 . s[lif sfof{no / cg';Gwfgsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf sd{rf/Lx? sfuhL k}|ltj]bgd} jl9 /dfO /x]sf x'g eGg] cf/f]ksf] c;Totf k|dfl0ft ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfon] ;ls/x]sf] cj:yf klg 5}g . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox?n] ls;fg :t/df cg'bfg lbPsf] dlgPsf 7fpFdf cg'udg ubf{ To;sf] k|ltkmn s]xL kfpg ;lsb}g . a? ls;fg cfFkm}n] lbn r:kL lbP/ u/]sf 7fpF pbfx/0fLo b]lvG5g\ . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox? dfkm{t x/]s lhNnfdf ljt/0f x'g] s/f]8f}+sf cg'bfgsf] pknlAw ;fFRr} ulx/LP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;fFRr} b]vlb}g . To;df klg 8'lKns]zgsf] ;+:sf/ plQs} df}nfPsf] kfOG5 . s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox?df x/]s jif{ ldlgls6sf] gfddf cfpg] t/sf/Lsf] aLpm ;d]t ls;fgn] ;/sf/n] tf]s] cg';f/ kfpFb}gg\ . ;/sf/n] tf]s]/ Ps ls;fgsf nflu k7fPsf] aLpmsf] dfqfnfO{ s[lif sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?n] rf/cf]6f agfP/ emf/f 6fg][ ub{5g\ . ls;fgnfO{ lbPsf] cg'bfg eGbf cg'bfg lbg ul/Psf] 9'jfgL vr{ / e|d0feQfsf] vr{ al9 x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . kl5Nnf s]xL jif{b]vL s[lif If]qdf cg]sg cg'bfgx? nfu' ul/Psf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ljleGg bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf 7"nf 7"nf cfof]hgfx? ;d]t ;Grfng u/]sf] 5 . hxfFaf6 sfd ug{ rfxfg] ls;fgx?nfO{ caf}+{ ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbg] elgPsf] 5 . To:t} s[lif dGqfnon] dGqfnosf ljleGg lgsfo dfkm{t @% eGbfjl9 dfWodaf6 s[lifdf cg'bfg lbg] eg]/ lglt agfPsf] 5 . To:t} s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox?df ;fljsdf cfpg]eGbf cg'bfgsf] dfqf w]/} a9fOPsf] cj:yf 5 . To:t} s[lif Joj;fo ug{ rfxfg]x?sf nflu ^ k|ltztdfq Jofh b/df C0f pknAw u/fpg] 3f]if0ff ;d]t ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 . tL ;j} ah]6 ;lx ;b'kof]u x'g] xf] / sfd ug]{ ls;fgn] ljlQo ;+:yfx?af6 ;lhnf]ul/ C0f kfpg] x'g eg] b]zdf s[lifsf] ljsf; x'g ;do nfUb}g t/ s[lifdf pknlAw kfpg sfuhL k|ltj]bg agfP/ /sd b'?kof]u ug]{ k|j[ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/L ;+oGq OdfGbf/ / kf/bzL{ x'g h?/L 5 . /fhgLlts If]q / s[ifs ;d"xx?n] ;lx ;b'kof]udf ;xof]u ug'{ cfjZos 5 / s[ifsx? cg'bfg lnP/ ;fFRr} s[lifdf Joj;flos x'g sDd/ s;]/ nfUg kb{5 .

sfuhL 3f]8fnfO{ lg?T;fxg h?/L

kmfu'g@)&! 5

cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ ;d]6]/ k|sflzt x'b} cfPsf] cy{la6 k7lgo 5 . o;af6 Joj;foLs If]qsf ultljlwx?sf ljifodf w]/} hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsPsf] 5 . o;df ;kmn JolQmsf k|]/s k|;+ux?, r'6lsnf nufotsf dgf]/~hgfTds s'/fx? ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ ;s] ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g] lyof] .

k'j{df cGo ;a} ljwfsf klqsfx? ;+u} cfly{s ljwfsf] cy{la6 klqsfn] km/s ;fdfu|LnfO{ :yfg lbP/ Joj;flos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 . o;df Joj;fo btf{, s/ ;DaGwL sfg"gL k|fjwfg nufot hfgsf/L d"ns ;fdfu|Lx?nfO{ ;d]t :yfg lbg ;s] o;sf] nf]slk|otf cem} a9\5 . To;tkm{ ;Dkfbs d08nsf] Wofg hfcf];\ .

cK;/f s6'jfnkmQ]k'/, ;Kt/L

lbks 9sfnlj/f6gu/$, df]/

?kfg s'?jfn]6f, df]/

cy{la6n] lzIff If]qsf] ljifodf p7fPsf] ;fdfu|L :t/Lo nfUof] . lzIff If]qdf ePsf /fd|f hfgsf/L d"ns s'/fx?nfO{ lgoldt :yfg lbO ljs[lt lj;+utLx?nfO{ lgoldt phfu/ ug{ ;sf];\ . z'esfdgf 5 .

cy{la6n] s[lif / ;xsf/L If]qdf ePsf pNn]vlgo pknAwLx?nfO{ vf]hlag u/]/ lgoldt k|sfzg ug{ ;s] o; If]qdf nfu]sf JolQmx?nfO{ k|]/0ff ldNg] lyof] .

;j{Wjh ;fjfO6x/L$, ;'g;/L

kmfu'g@)&! 6

s[lif sd{ ug]{x?sf nflu kl5Nnf s]xL jif{b]vL cj;/} cj;/ jl9 /x]sf 5g\ .;/sf/n] s]xL jif{b]vL s[lifnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ ljleGg cg'bfgsf sfo{qmd pknAw u/fpg yfn]kl5 cj;/ ylkPsf x'g\ .t/ oL cj;/nfO{ ls;fg :t/n] eg] vf;} ;b'kof]u ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] klg 5 . g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qdf ;/sf/L tyf ljb]zL ;xof]udf s] s:tf cg'bfg 5g\ o; ljifodf oxfF ;+lIfKt rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf k"jf{Grnsf !! cf]6f lhNnfdf ;g\ @))^ b]vL Jofj;flos s[lif ljsf; cfof]hgf - l;Pl8kL_ nfu' ePsf]] lyof] . !% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ - sl/j 8]9 ca{ g]kfnL ?k}ofF_ nufgLdf ;Grflnt pQm cfof]hgf s]xL jif{ cl3 ;lsPsf] xf] . l;Pl8kL ;lsg' eGbf cl3 g} ;/sf/n] Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf -Kofs6_ nfu' u/]sf] 5 . To:t} !) pRr kxf8L lhNnfdf 5'6\6} csf]{ cfof]hgf ;d]t ;Grflnt 5 eg] ;/sf/n] cGo ljleGg #) lgsfo dfkm{t s[lifsf ljleGg If]qdf yk cg'bfgsf] ;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu s[lif If]qdf cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{ ;/sf/n] sl/j !@ ca{ ?k}ofF 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

KofS6 cfof]hgf ;g\ @))( b]vL @)!* h'g;Ddsf nflu ;/sf/n] b]ze/Lsf &% cf]6} lhNnfsf lglb{i6 s[lif pkhx?sf] d"No >[+vnfdf cfj4 ;fgf s[ifs,s[lif Joj;foL tyf pBdLsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{ eg]/ Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf -Kofs6_ nfu' u/]sf] 5 . ljZj a}+s / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;Grflnt cfof]hgfn] s[ifs ;d"x / ;xsf/L dfkm{t s[lif Joj;fo k|j4{g / ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu cg'bfg lbb} cfPsf] 5 . s'n *!=*% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ - cf7 ca{ !( s/f]8 g]kfnL ?k}ofF_ ah]6 /x]sf] cfof]hgfn] cfly{s jif{ @)^()&)df 5gf}6 ePsf b'O;o %% kl/of]hgf dWo] b'O;o %@ cf]6fnfO{ @& s/f]8 ## nfv cg'bfg lbPsf] lyof] . tL kl/of]hgfdf ;DjlGwt ;Grfnsaf6 ^* s/f]8 nufgL ePsf] lyof] . To:t} @)&)&!df 5 ;o %( cf]6f Joj;flos s[lif kl/of]hgfn] cg'bfg dfu u/]sf]df b'O;o %) kl/of]hgfnfO{ $^ s/f]8 *$ nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbOPsf] lyof] . tL of]hgfsf] nflu ;DjlGwt of]hgf ;Grfns kIfaf6 %% s/f]8 & nfv ?k}ofF nufgL ePsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . KofS6n] s[lif Joj;foLsf] kl/of]hgfsf] s'n nfutsf] ^) k|ltzt;Dd

s[lifdf

cg'bfg lbg] u/]sf] 5 .KofS6 cGt{ut ls;fgn] ;fgf kl/of]hgfsf] nflu #%nfv ?k}ofF;Dd / 7"nf kl/of]hgfsf] nflu Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] nflu k/]sf k|:tfjx?sf] :ynut k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . k"jf{Grn If]qsf !^ cf]6f lhNnfdf $ ;o *# of]hgfsf] nflu Ps;o %* cf]6f ;+o'Qm cfj]bg k|:tfj k/]sf]df xfn :ynut k|dfl0fs/0fsf] sfd eO/x]sf] If]qLo cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog ;xof]u ;d"xsf k|d'v efg'eQm d}gfnLn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] tL of]hgf

cfj/0f

kmfu'g@)&! 7

dWo] s] slt 5gf}6 x'G5g / s] slt cg'bfg ljt/0f x'G5 eGg] s'/f s]lGb|o :t/af6} x'g] ePsfn] cfFkm'n] s]xL eGg g;Sg] atfP . df3 @% ut]b]vL :ynut k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu 6f]nL vl6Psf] 5 . 6f]nLn] k|dfl0fs/0fsf] sfd ;s]kl5 ;j} l/kf]6{ s]Gb|df k7fpF5f}+ . ;xof]u ;d"xsf k|d'v d}gfnLn] eg] .

lxdfnL cfof]hgf ;/sf/n] b]zsf bzcf]6f pRr kxf8L lhNnfdf s[lif Joj;fo dfkm{t lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/df ;xeflu x'g] s[lif Joj;foLnfO{ nlIft ul/ sl/j tLg jif{b]vL pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ - lxdfnL _ cfof]hgf ;Grfng ul//x]sf] 5 . Psca{ tLg s/f]8 ?k}ofF ah]6df ;Grfng eO /x]sf] cfof]hgfn] Joj;foLnfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] s'n nfut dWo] *) k|ltzt;Dd cg'bfg lbg] ub{5 . ;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;Grfng x'g] cfof]hgfdf Joj;foLs kl/of]hgf ;Grfngsf] nflu kof{Kt k|:tfj kg{ g;s]sf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] ut df3 !@ ut] #% lbg] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]/ yk kl/of]hgf k|:tfj dfu u/]sf] 5 . tf]lsPsf !) lhNnf ;+v'jf;ef, ;f]n'v'Da', /;'jf, bf]nvf, dgf, d':tf\, 8f]Nkf, d'u', x'Dnf / h'Dnfdf Joj;flos s[lif kl/of]hgf ;Grfng ug{ OR5'snfO{ cfof]hgfn] kmfu'g !& ut]leq Joj;fo of]hgf a'emfpg ;"lrt u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfn] yk !@ ;o of]hgfsf] cfj]bg lng] atfPsf] 5 . df3 clGtd ;ftf;Dd & ;o (@ cfj]bg k/]sf]df sl/j ^ ;osf] d"Nof\sg ul/Psf] / rf/;o of]hgf cg'bfgsf] nflu :jLs[lt ePsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t sf}zns'df/ kf}8]nsf cg';f/ df3 bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd %) s/f]8 ?k}ofF nfutsf b'O;o * of]hgfsf] nflu cg'bfg ;+emf}tf ePsf]df sl/j $) s/f]8 ?k}ofF cg'bfg ljt/0f eO;s]sf] 5 . kmfu'gsf] bf];|f] ;ftf leq rf/;o of]hgfsf] nflu sl/j &% s/f]8 cg'bfg ljt/0f x'g] ;+efjgf 5

g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 cfly{s jif{ @)&!)&@ df ;+rfng ul/g] cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f qm=;+ sfo{qmd

cfof]hgf

cg'bfg ljj/0f ck]lIft pknAwL cg'bfg /sd -

?=xhf/df_

! s[lif ljsf;

dGqfno

aLdfsf] lk|ldoddf &% cg'bfg Joj;foLs s[lifdf yk cfsof{0f a9\g] ^)))).

lrof pBf]u ;+rfng cg'bfg lrof k|;f]wg pBf]u :yfkgfdf ;3fp k'Ug] @)))).

ufO{ dfO{ sfo{qmd cg'bfg @! lhNnfdf ufO{ / dfOsf] aLdf eO{ ufO{ kfngdf

a[l4 x'g]

!)))).

b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgnfO{ kz' cfxf/f pTkfbg sfo{qmd cg'bfg x]6f}8fdf kz' cfxf/f pTkfbg sf/vfgf ;+rfng x'g] !%))).

s[lif ko{6g k|a4{g sfo{qmd %))).

% ufO{ jf e};L tyf @) afv|f kfng ug]{ kl/jf/ jf JolQmnfO{ 3fF; tyf uf]7df %) cg'bfg Joj;foLs kz'kfngdf cfsif{0f a9\g] $)))).

e'ldlxgx?n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf # x]S6/;Dd hUuf ef8fdf lnO{ Joj;foLs v]tL ug]{ ;d"xnfO{

C0fsf] Aofhdf %) cg'bfg

rSnfaGbL u/L v]tL k|f/De x'g] #)))).

;fgf tyf l;dfGts[t s[ifsx?n] ^=% x]S6/ hUuf ldnfg u/L v]tL ug]{ ;d"xnfO{ C0fsf] %)

Aofh cg'bfg

rSnfaGbL u/L v]tL k|f/De x'g] #)))).

!) x]S6/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L hUuf ldnfg u/L ;fd'lxs v]tL ug]{ sDkgL jf ;xsf/L jf s[ifs

;d"xnfO{ C0fsf] Aofhdf %) cg'bfg

rSnfaGbL u/L v]tL k|f/De x'g] #)))).

! s[lif

cg';Gwfg

tyf ljsf;

sf]if

:gftsf]Q/ tyf ljBfafl/wL ;|f]t sfo{ cg'bfg s'n @% hgf :gftsf]Q/ tyf ljBfafl/wLsf

ljBfyL{x?n] s[ifsd}qL k|ljlwsf] df]8naf/]df ;f]wsfo{

ug]{5g

#))).

ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljsf; sfo{df cg'bfg s'n (% j6f ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 s[lif If]q;+u ;DaGwLt

k|ljlw cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ug]{5g

#&))@.

;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg / Ps lhNnf Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng

cg'bfg

yk !) lhNnf ;lxt #@ lhNnfdf Ps ufpF Ps

pTkfbg / yk ^ lhNnf ;d]t u/L ( lhNnfdf !

lhNnf Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;+rfng eO{ s[ifs

pBdLaf6 pBf]u :yfkgf x'g]

!))))).

# bL3{sfnLg

s[lif of]hgf

cg'udg tyf

;dGjo

/fi6klt pTs[i6 s[ifs k'/:sf/ s[ifsx?sf] ;Ddfg eO{ s[lif k]zfdf cfsif{0f a9\g] *%). k'ik k|a4{g sfo{qmd k'ik Joj;fosf] k|a4{g eO{ /f]huf/Ldf a[l4 x'g] !)))).

Oh/fonaf6 km]s{sf @)) o'jf s[ifspBdLx?nfO{ s[lif sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] cg'bfg ;xof]u @)) hgf o'jf s[ifsx?n] Oh/fondf l;s]sf] ;Lk /

k|ljlw canDag u/L :j/f]huf/ x'g]

@)))).

;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf :yflgo ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ cg'bfg lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgf cg'bfg ljleGg !% j6f ;+3;+:yf dfkm{t Joj;foLs s[lifdf

;3fp x'g] @ j6f lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgfdf ;xof]u

x'g]

@$%)).

b}jL k|sf]kaf6 ePsf] afnLsf] Ifltdf /fxft #^))).

s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf cGt/fli6o kfl/jf/Ls v]tL jif{ @)!$ sf] nflu ;xof]u cGt/fli6o kfl/jf/Ls v]tL jif{ @)!$ sf] k|rf/

k|;f/df ;xof]u x'g]

%))).

$ ljz]if s[lif

pTkfbg

sfo{qmd

nfut ;xefuLtfsf] cfwf/df /f;folgs dn laqmL cg'bfg @ nfv %% xhf/ d]=6g /f;folgs dn s[ifs :t/df

ljt/0f x'g]

%!**&$).

cg'bfgdf k|f\uf/Ls dn laqmL !) xhf/ d]=6g k|f\uf/Ls dn s[ifsx?df laqmL

ljt/0f x'g]

%)))).

k|fuf/Ls dn sf/vfgf :yfkgfdf d]lzg/L cf}hf/ cg'bfg dWo klZrdf~rn / ;'b'/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qdf

!! j6f dn sf/vfgf :yfkgf x'g]

!&%)).

pGgt aLp ljhg laqmL cg'bfg ux'F / wfg u/L & xhf/ d]=6g pGgt aLp s[ifs

:t/df ljt/0f eO{ pTkfbgdf a[l4 x'g]

!##))).

:yfgLo s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L dfkm{t k|f\uf/Ls dn pTkfbg cg'bfg !% lhNndf &%) ;+Vofdf s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L

dfkm{t k|f\uf/Ls dn pTkfbg x'g]

!(@)).

s[ifsx?sf] esf/f] ;'wf/sf] nflu cg'bfg %( lhNnfdf !@ xhf/ $ ;o esf/f] ;'wf/ eO{

u'0f:t/Lo k|f\uf/Ls dn pTkfbg x'g]

^$$*).

% Joj;foLs

s[if tyf

Aofkf/

cfof]hgf

k|ljlw ;xof]u tyf ahf/ k'jf{wf/ / s[lif pBd ;+rfng ePsf pk cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k'/s

cg'bfg ls:tf ljt/0f

Joj;foLs s[lifdf yk cfsif{0f a9\g] !)))))).

n3' cg'bfg ljt/0f Joj;foLs s[lifdf ;fgf ls;fgx? cfslif{t x'g] &&%)).

^ s[lif tyf

vfB ;'/Iff

cfof]hgf

s'v'/fsf] rNnf XofrL d]l;g vl/b cg'bfg $ j6f Xofr/L :yfkgf x'g] $^)).

;fgf l;+rfO{ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t cg'bfg !$# j6f ;fgf l;+rfO{ lgdf{0f eO{ @ ;o x]S6/df

l;+rfO{ k'Ug]

@#(#().

;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t ;fgf l;+rfO{ ;+rfng cg'bfg &^ ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t l;+rfO{af6 @ ;o x]S6/

l;+lrt x'g]

@))).

k|ljlw canDag cg'bfg #* j6f ;d"xnfO{ k|ljlw canDagdf ;xof]u k'Ug] #))).

lxdfnL lhNnfsf] ufpF :t/sf gd"gf au}rf :yfkgf cg'bfg &@ j6f ;d"xdf gd"gf au}rf :yfkgf x'g] @!^).

kxf8L lhNnfsf ufpF :t/sf gd"gf au}rf :yfkgf cg'bfg !#@ j6f ;d"x au}rf :yfkgf x'g] ^@)$.

3/af/L au}rf :yfkgf $ ;o * j6f 3/af/L au}rf :yfkgf x'g] !^#@).

afv|f pTkfbsTj ;'wf/ tyf lhljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmd cg'bfg -k'/fgf ;d"x_ #(^ ;d"xdf afv|f pTkfbsTj ;'wf/ tyf

lhljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmd z? x'g] / ! ;o !( j6f af]sf

ljt/0f, af]sf tyf !^ ;o %) j6f pGgt kf7L

ljt/0f ul/g]

^$!$!.

u|fld0f s'v'/f Kofs]h sfo{qmd !&^ j6f ;d"xdf u|fld0f s'v'/f Kofs]h sfo{qmd

;+rfng x'g]

@*^**.

b'Uw pTkfbg Kofs]h sfo{qmd ^) j6f b'Uw pTkfbgsf d'No ;[vnfdf cfwfl/t

Kofs]h ljt/0f x'g]

#)))).

AFSP af6 :yflkt Xofr/L ;+rfng cg'bfg $ j6f lxdfnL lhNnfdf Xofr/L :yfkgf x'g] !#@)).

AFSP ;fgf cg'bfg sfo{qmd !*) j6f ;fgf cg'bfg ljt/0f x'g] %$))).

& ls;fgsf

nflu pGgt

lap ljhg

sfo{qmd

^) j6f vfBfGg tyf t/sf/L ljp pTkfbg ;d"x ;xsf/L $ j6f lap sDkgL tyf !)

Pu|f]e]6nfO{ lap pTkfbg, k|;f]wg / ahf/Ls/0fdf %) k|ltzt cg'bfg k'/s cg'bfgaf6 u'0f:t/Lo lap pTkfbg k|;f]wg /

ljt/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug]

!#(&^).

* ;fgf tyf

demf}nf s[ifs

cfo :t/ a[l4

cfof]hgf

pRr d'No hfg] s[lif pkhx?sf] d'No ;[vnfaf6 pTkfbg a[l4 tyf ahf/ cfk'lt{ cg'bfg dWolZrdf~rn / ;'b'/klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf !)

lhNnfdf pRR d'No hfg] s[lif pkhx?sf] d'No

z[\vnfaf6 pTkfbg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u

k'Ug]

#(^%)).

( s[lif ljsf;

cfof]hgf

hgsk'/

l8k 6\o"a]n lgdf{0f, :ofnf] 6\o"a]n lgdf{0f cg'bfg !@ j6f l8k / !$% j6f :ofnf] 6\o"a]n lgdf{0f x'g] %!%)!.

!) /]zd v]tL

ljsf;

sfo{qmd

lsDa' lj?jf ljt/0f lsDa' au}rf lj:tf/ x'g] !$#!%.

!! afujfgL

ljsf;

sfo{qmd

:ofp cfTd lge{/ sfo{qmd ;'Gtnf au}rf ;'b[l9s/0f cg'bfg %## x]S6/ yk :ofpsf] If]qkmn lj:tf/ x'g] / !^)

x]S6/ k'/fgf] au}rfsf] ;'b[l9s/0f x'g]

&)$&(.

!@ cfn' t/sf/L

tyf d;nf

ljsf;

sfo{qmd

o'jf nlIft Joj;foLs a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL cg'bfg #()) hgf o'jf nfeflGjt eO{ Joj;foLs s[lif

caDag u/L /f]huf/ x'g]

@)*)^^.

!# dT:o ljsf;

sfo{qmd

dT:o kf]v/L lgdf{0fdf o'jf nlIft cg'bfg sfo{qmd @ ;o hgf o'jf sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt eO{

Joj;foLs dT:okfng u/L :j/f]huf/ x'g]

*((@^.

kmfu'g@)&! 8

. PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 @))) b]vL $%)) ld6/;Dd prfOdf cjl:yt pNn]vLt lhNnfsf v]tLhGo gub]jfnL, kz'k+IfL, df5f, hl8a'6L, s[lif ko{6g nufot $! ljwfdf cg'bfg lbg] lxdfnL cfof]hgf ;g\ @)!& ;Dd ;Grfng x'g] 5 . z'?tfsf Go"g dfq k|:tfj k/]sf] lxdfnL of]hgfaf6 cg'bfgdf s[lif Aoj;fo ;Grfng ug{ rfxfg]x?sf nflu xfn dfu ul/Psf] k|:tfj clGtd ePsf] jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t kf}8]nn] atfP .

ufOe}+;L kmfd{ cg'bfg ;/sf/n] b'wfn' ufO e}+;L kmfd{ ;Grfng ul/ b'w pTkfbgdf nfUg] s[ifsnfO{ kmfd{ Joj:yfkg cg'bfg lbg] ePsf] 5 . s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] pQm cg'bfgsf] sfo{ljlw ;d]t agfO ;s]sf] 5 . xfn b]ze/L kfFr nfv eGbf jl9 ls;fg ufO tyf e}+;L kfng Joj;fodf ;lqmo 5g\ eg] 5 ;o @) cf]6f ;fgf 7"nf b'Uw pBf]u ;Grflnt 5g\ . b'w pTkfbgdf ;lqmo /x]sf ls;fg, s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ / ljb]zaf6 kmls{Psfx?nfO{ ;d]t of] Joj;fodf cfsif{0f ug{ kmd{ Joj:yfkg cg'bfg nfu' ul/Psf] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . kxf8L If]qdf % dfp eGbf jl9 / t/fOdf !) dfpeGbf jl9 ufOe}+;L kfng ug]{nfO{ uf]7 Joj:yfkg jfktsf] %) k|ltzt /sd cg'bfg lbg] sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v 5 . sfo{ljlw cg';f/ tLg /f]kgL jf ;f9] rf/ s6\7f eGbf jl9df pGgt 3fF; v]tL nufpg]nfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ug]{ sfo{qmd dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .

kmfu'g@)&! 9

;Grfng ug{ nlIft ;d"xnfO{ k|ljlw tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 u/fO{ Joj;fodf k|f]T;fxg ug{ cg'bfgsf] sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmd cGt{ut !) cf]6f;Dd ufO jf e}+;L kfng ug]{ ;fgf s[lif Joj;flos kmd{nfO{ b'O nfv ?k}ofF;Dd gub cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg] 5 . To:t} !! b]vL #) cf]6f;Dd ufO jf e}+;L kfng ug]{ demf}nf Joj;flos kmfd{nfO{ tLg nfv ?k}ofF;Dd / #) eGbf jl9 ufO{ jf e}+;L kfng ug]{ 7"nf Joj;flos kmfd{nfO{ oflGqs/0fsf nflu rf/ nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbg] lglt dGqfnon] agfPsf] 5 . To:t} Jofj;flos afv|f kmfd{ tkm{ %) dfp k|hgg of]Uo afv|f kfng ug]{ JolQmut kmfd{ :yfkgf / k|j4{gsf nflu b'Onfv ?k}ofF, ;d"x jf ;ldlt dfkm{t ;Grfng x'g] afv|f

kmfd{nfO{ Psnfv %) xhf/ / ;xsf/L afv|f kmfd{nfO{ b'O nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf 5 . o:tf] cg'bfg lng ;DjlGwt JolQm,;d"x jf ;xsf/Ln] sDtLdf cg'bfg a/fa/sf] cfk\mgf] nufgL u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .Jofj;flos j+u'/ kfng sfo{qmdsf nflu kfFrb]vL !% cf]6f;Dd j+u'/ kfng ug]{ ;fgf Joj;foLnfO{ Psnfv ?k}ofF, !% b]vL $% cf]6f;Dd j+u'/ kfng ug]{ demf}nf a+u'/ kmfd{nfO{ Psnfv @% xhf/ / #) b]vL ^) cf]6f;Dd a+u'/ kfng ug]{ 7"nf kmfd{nfO{ Ps nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbg] dGqfnon] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 . of] cg'bfg lng ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfo{no dfkm{t lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .

lzt e08f/nfO{ cg'bfg s[ifsn] pTkfbg u/]sf ;fu ;JhL tyf kmnk"mn l56f] gfz gx'g] ul/ ;Gro ug{] l;te08f/ lgdf{0f ug{ rfxfg] Joj;foLnfO{ lzt e08f/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'bfg lbg] sfo{qmd ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . @) d]l6s 6g eGbf sd Ifdtfsf] lzte08f/ lgdf{0fdf nfut cg'dfgsf] *% k|ltzt, @) d]6g eGbf jl9 Ifdtfsf] nflu &) k|ltzt;Dd cg'bfg lbOg] 5 .

kz' uf]7 tyf 3fF;]jfnL pTkfbg kz' kfng Joj;fodf ;+nUg ls;fgx?sf] kz' uf]7 ;'wf/ tyf 3fF;]jfnL pTkfbg sfo{qmdsf nflu ;d]t ;/sf/n] cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] cg'bfg Ps Joj;foLnfO{ Psnfv b]vL Psnfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .

lrof 9'jfgL ;fwg cg'bfg!) b]vL #) lj3f hUufdf lrof v]tL nufO{ lrof pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]unfO{ Pp6f lks ck 6|s / #) lj3f eGbf jl9 hUufdf lrof v]tL nufpg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ b'O cf]6f lks ck vl/b ubf{ jf ljb]zaf6 cfot ubf{ %) k|ltzt s/ 5'6 x'g] Jo:yf 5 .rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] s] s] lzif{sdf slt slt cg'bfg /sd 5'6\6ofPsf] 5 . dflysf] tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 .

b'Uw pBf]unfO{ cg'bfg Jofj;flos kz'kfns s[ifs, kmfd{, b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf, b'Uw pBf]ux?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ef}lts tyf cfly{s ?kdf k'/s cg'bfg lbg s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] csf]{ sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 . :jR5 b'w pTkfbg, k|zf]wg tyf ljqmLsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg c;n Joj:yfkg ljlwx? cjnDjg u/fpg k|]l/t ub}{ b'Uw pTkfbg k]zfnfO{ ;do ;fk]If ;'xfpFbf] / dof{lbt agfpg b'Uw Joj;foL s[ifs / kz'kfns s[ifsx?sf] cfo cfh{gdf 6]jf k'ofO{ s[ifs kl/jf/sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg, s[lif Joj;fonfO{ k|ljlwo'Qm agfpg ljleGg cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] dGqfnosf] egfO 5 . ;/sf/n] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] nflu b'Uw pBf]unfO{ b'Onfv ?k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf 5 . ldlNs\ d]l;g vl/bsf nflu d]l;gsf] %) k|ltzt jf al9df b'Onfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg lbOg] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . b'Uw pBf]usf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Ps;o %) s]leP Ifdtfsf] h]g]/]6/ vl/bdf k/n d"Nosf] %) k|ltzt jf jl9df Psnfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf 5 eg] s[lqd uef{wfgsf nflu jflR5 dfq pTkfbg x'g] ljo{ vl/bdf ;d]t cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6o b'Uw ljsf; jf]8{ dfkm{t ;Grfng x'g] b'Uw pBf]u k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf nflu rfn' cfly{s jif{df rf/ s/f]8 gf} nfv ?k}ofF ah]6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd g]kfndf s[lifsf] k|r'/ ;+efjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} x/]s jif{ rf/nfv %) xhf/ eGbfjl9 o'jfx? /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ljb]z hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ g]kfndf ePsf pj{/ hldgx? afFem} /x]/ jiff}{gL !) cf}+ ca{sf vfB kbfy{ cfot ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf o'jfx?nfO{ s[lif If]qdf cfsif{0f ug{ ;s] Psflt/ s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 x'g] / csf]{ tkm{ cfot k|lt:yfkg eO{ g]kfnL k"FhL knfog x'gaf6 hf]lug] ;+efjgfnfO{ dWogh/ ul/ ;/sf/n] kz' ;]jf ljefu dfkm{t o'jf nlIft ljz]if kz' pTkfbg sfo{qmd ;Grfng u/]sf] xf] . !* jif{b]vL %) jif{ pd]/;Ddsf JolQmx?nfO{ nlIft ul/Psf] sfo{qmd cGt{ut ufOe}+;L kfng, Jojf;flos j+u'/, afv|f k|j4{g, kz'k+IfL jhf/ k|j4{g Joj;fo

kmfu'g@)&! 10

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] rf}yf] cfJxfg cGtu{t ljleGg lhNnfaf6 k/]sf k|:tfjx?sf] cg'udg lg/Gt/ eOg} /x]sf] 5 . dWodf~rn If]qdf dfq !! ;o $ j6f k|:tfjx? :ynut cg'udgsf] lglDt 5flgPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] xfn;Dd %%) j6f ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg, Pj+ :ynut k|dfl0fs/0f ug{] sfo{x? ljleGg l6dx?n] ;DkGg ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu s[lif ljefu, kz';]jf ljefu / ljleGg lgb{]zgfnox? ;d]tsf ;xeflutfdf :ynut k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu vl6 /fv]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] nIo eg]sf] kmfu'g !% ;Dddf ;Dk"0f{ :ynut k|dfl0fs/0f ;Sg] xf] .w]/} 7fpFsf Joj;foLx?n] sd{rf/Lx? cem} cfPsf 5}gg\ eg]/ u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\ . lsgeg] :ynut lg/LIf0fsf nflu sd{rf/L yf]/} 5f}+ . cfof]hgfsf] dfq geP/ xfdLn] cGo sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg kl/rfng u/L /fv]sf 5f}+ . t}klg xfd|f l6d ;j} 7fpFdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g Ps}rf]6L ;j} 7fpFdf k'Ug klg ;Dej 5}g . t/ klg xfdL o'4:t/df :ynut cjnf]sgsf nflu nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . ;s];Dd l56f] l56f] ;Sg] k|of;df 5f}+ . %) k|ltzt dfq cg'udg ePsf]n] hxfF cgu'dg tyf lg/LIf0f ug{ xfdL k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gf} ToxfFsf ls;fgx?n] u'gf;f] ug{' :jefljs} xf] .ls;fgx?n] cfjZos sfuhft tof/ gkf/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ck'u sfuhkqsf af/]df yk hfgsf/L lbP/ xfdLn] k7fpg] u/]sf 5f}+ . ls;fgnfO{ em0em6 lbg] s'/f cfpFb} cfpFb}g . xfdL s[lif If]qsf JolQmx?sf] d]?b08 eg]sf] g} ls;fgx? g} xf] . xfdLn] ls;fgx?nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] ePsfn] cg'bfgsf nflu lglZrt k|lqmof / dfkb08 k'ofpg' kb{5 . sfhukq l7s x'g' kb{5 . k|:tfj k]z ug{] ;+:yfn] ;fFRr}sf] sfd u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o:tf s'/fx? vf]Hg' eg]sf] ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . ;fdfGo s'/f / dfkb08 k'ofpg' eGg] s'/fnfO{ em0em6 lbof] eGg] ;f]Rg' x'Fb}g . of] cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;+:yfsf] klg nufgL x'g'kb{5 . %) k|ltzt nufgL ePsf] x'g' kg{] k|fjwfg cg'?k g} xfdLn] cg'bfg lbg] xf] . To;sf nflu cflwsfl/s k|df0fkq jf nufgL 7fpF / cfjZos sfuhft vf]Hg'nfO{ cGoyf a'g' x'Fb}g .pkcfof]hgf kfpg]x? a9L /fhgLlt1x? g} 5g\ eGg] u'gf;f] 5 t/ d}n] To:tf] s'g} g]tfx? b]v]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] cfof]hgf dfkm{t pkcfof]hgf kfpg]x? ;j} Joj;flos s[ifsx? g} 5g\ . Joj;flos ?kdf s[lif ul//x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlt1 eg]/ kl/eflift s;/L ul/G5 yfxf 5}g . t/, xfdL hxfF hxfF :ynut cjnf]sgdf k'u]sf 5f}+ ls;fgx? g} 5g\ . s'g} klg

KofS6sf] ljifodf

af;'b]j zdf{, k|d'vcfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u ;d'x -lk|:6_

pkcfof]hgfx? /fhgLlt1x?;Fu hf]l8Psf b]v]sf] 5}g . /fhgLlt1x? s} cfof]hgf d}n] b]v]sf] 5}g . e|d0fdf g} cfof]hgfsf] /sd ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ;To x'Fb} xf]Og . lsgeg] s'g} klg cfof]hgfn] :ynut cjnf]sg jf k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu sd{rf/L k7fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod cg';f/ eGbf km/s 9+un] vr{ ug{ kfO{Fb}g . lhNnfdf hfg] sd{rf/Lx?n] ;/sf/n] tfs] cg';f/sf] b}lgs eQf kfpg' eg]sf] :jefljs} xf] . Tof] /sd eg]sf] cToGt} sd vr{ ljlgof]lht ul/Psf] x'G5 . cg'bfgu|fxLsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] /sd l;Fw} cg'bfgu|fxLs} vftfdf hfG5 . xfdLn] ls;fg;Dd cfof]hgfsf af/]df hfgsf/L xf];\ eg]/ ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx? dfkm{t ;"rgf k|jfx ul//x]sf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{fon, kz' ;]jf sfo{fno dfkm{t klg ls;fgsf ;"rgf k|jfx / cfof]hgfsf] hfgsf/L u/fO{/x]sf 5f}+ . lhNnfdf /x]sf s[lif tyf kz' sfof{nox?n] ;]jf s]G;Dd ;"rgf k'ofpg' ePsf] 5 . oltv]/ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg ls;fg sxfF uP/ s[lif cfof]hgfsf af/]df ;f]Wof] eg] KofS6 s} gfd lng] ub{5g\ . o;n] klg cfof]hgf ls;fg;Dd k'u]sf] 5 eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . -s'/fsfgLdf cfwfl/t_

/fli6o jfl0fHo a}+sn] :j0f{ hoGtLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ ls;fgnfO{ kfFr k|ltzt Aofhb/d} C0f lbg] ePsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6df ;/sf/n] ls;fgnfO{ 5 k|ltzt Aofhb/df C0f pknAw u/fpg] gLlt agfPsf] lyof] . /fli6o jfl0fHo a}+sn] ;/sf/n] tf]s]eGbf Ps k|ltzt sd b/d} s[lif shf{ lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] . a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t s[i0fk|;fb zdf{n] ls;fgnfO{ kfFr

k|ltzt Aofhb/d} C0f pknAw u/fpg] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ . o; cl3 a}+sn] gf} k|ltztdf s[lif shf{ k|jfx ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] rf/ k|ltzt Aofh cg'bfg lbg] cf:jf;g lbPklg ls;fgnfO{ kfFr k|ltztd} C0f pknAw u/fpg nfu]sf] zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg cg';f/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;]o/ hf/L ug{ ;/sf/;Fu cg'/f]w u/]sf] zdf{n] atfP . xfn a}+ssf] r'Qmf k'FhL cf7ca{ %* s/f]8 ?k}ofFnfO{ &) k|ltzt dfg]/ #) k|ltzt ;]o/ hf/L ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

cfj/0f

kmfu'g@)&! 11

; /sf/n] rfn' cfly{s aif{b]lv ;' u/]sf] kmfd{ xfp; tyf kz' kfngdf lbPsf] cg'bfg sfo{qmddf o'jfsf] cfsif{0f lj:tf/} a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] rfn' cfly{s aif{ @)&!)&@ df t/sf/L, df}l/kfng, Rofp, kz' pTkfbg, kz' kfng, 8]/L, afv|f, dT:o tyf a+u'/ kfng tkm{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg yfn]sf] 5 . dGqfnosfcg';f/ klxnf] cfly{s aif{d} o:tf If]qut laifodf lgwf{l/t sf]6feGbf w]/} a9L k|:tfj k/]sfn] klg o'jfx? s[lif Joj;fo tkm{ pT;flxt /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . b]ze/Lsf lhNnfl:yt s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; sfof{noaf6 #@ xhf/ kfFr;o %* hgf o'jfn] cfj]bg lbPsf lyP . dGqfnon] rfn' cfly{s aif{sf nflu s"n * xhf/ Ps ;o %$ cf]6f k|:tfjnfO{ cg'bfg lbg lgw{f/0f u/]sf] 5 . cg'bfgsf nflu dGqfnon] &! s/f]8 &* nfv k}ofF lalgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnosf cg';f/ o'jf nlIft t/sf/L sfo{qmdcGtu{t clxn];Dd !^ j6f lhNnfaf6 !( xhf/ cf7;o %( hgf o'jfn] k|:tfj xfn]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] gf}+ ;o @) hgfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] rfn' cfly{s jif{df s"n rf/xhf/ Ps ;o *) hgf o'jfnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] sf]6f lgw{f/0f u/]sf] 5 .lxdfnL / kxf8L lhNnfsf] xsdf ls;fgn] tof/ kf/]/ k|lt k|:tfjsf nflu s"n ah]6dWo] $) xhf/ tyf t/fO{sf] xsdf ^) xhf/;Dd cg'bfg pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ls;fgn] o;sf nflu lxpFb] / aif{] t/sf/L pTkfbg ug{'kg{] x'G5 . o;sf nflu o'jf ls;fgn] t/fO{df Ps ljufxf / kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf kfFr /f]kgLdf b'O{ df};d t/sf/L pTkfbg ug{'kg{] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] / kms{]sfnfO{ :jb]zd} /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf

l;h{gf ug{ gd"gfsf] kdf yf]/} ah]6 pknAw u/fP/ ;' ul/Psf] o:tf sfo{qmddf ;f]r]eGbf a9L o'jfxsf] cfs{if0f b]lvof] . dGqfnosf ;xk|jQmf z+s/ ;fksf]6fn] eg], lgw{fl/t sf]6feGb} em08} bf]Aa/eGbf a9L o'jfn] cfj]bg a'emfPsf 5g\ . lgwf{l/t sf]6feGbf a9L cfj]bg cfPsf] cfwf/df cfufdL cfly{s aif{b]lv dGqfnon] sf]6f a9fpg] of]hgf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L Rofp v]tLtkm{ b]ze/af6 kfFr xhf/ rf/ ;o %) hgf o'jfn] cfj]bg a'emfPsf 5g \. Rofpv]tL tkm{ ;/sf/n] b'O{ xhf/ sf]6f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . Rofpsf] cg'bfg lng o'jf ls;fgn] slDtdf *) j6f Knfl:6s 3/df tfhf Rofp tyf Rofpsf] aLp pTkfbg ug{'kg{] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . Pp6f k|:tfjsf] s"n nfutsf] !) k|ltzt dfq} ls;fgn] Joxf]g{] Joj:yf 5 . o:t} s"n b'O{ ;o sf]6f 5'ofPsf] dT:o sfo{qmdtkm{ xfn;Dd Ps xhf/ Ps ;o hgf o'jfn] cfa]bg bt{f u/fPsf 5g\ . dT:otkm{ cg'bfg k|fKt ug{] o'jfn] t/fO{df rf/ s6\xf / kxf8df !=% /f]kgLdf vfg] df5f pTkfbgsf nflu kf]v/L lgd{f0f u/]/ qmdzM %) xhf/ tyf tLg nfv e'/f df5f pTkfbg u/]kl5 ;/sf/n] k|lt k|:tfjsf nflu %) xhf/ k}ofF cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fpg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . Ps ;o ^) afv|f kfng sf]6fsf nflu Ps xhf/ tLg ;o #* j6f cfj]bg k/]sf 5g\ . o;cGtu{t gLlhtkm{ %) cf]6f dfp kfNg]nfO{ %) xhf/b]lv b'O{ nfv;Dd, ;d"xtkm{ kfFrb]lv !) cf]6f dfp kfNg]nfO{ Ps nfv %) xhf/ tyf ;xsf/Ldfkm{t b'O{ ;o %) dfp afv|f kfNg]nfO{ b'O{ nfv;Dd cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf 5 . s[lif dGqfnon] ut cfly{s jif{b]lv o'jf nlIft sfo{qmdnfO{ ljif]z k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] xf] . rfn" cfjdf dGqfnon] @# ca{ @* s/f]8 #! nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;'g;/L n] cf=j=)&!)&@sf] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ ljb]zaf6 kms{]sf, ljb]z hfg nfu]sf tyf :yfgLo a]/f]huf/ o'jf / o'jtLx?nfO{ Joj;flos v]tL tkm{ cfsif{0f ug{ lhNnfsf ljleGg If]qaf6 Ps;o !) hgfnfO{ 5gf}6 u/L cg'bfg lbg] ePsf] 5 .lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldltsf] a}7sn] o'jf nlIft Joj;flos t/sf/L pTkfbgsf nflu &) hgf / o'jf nlIft Joj;flos Rofp pTkfbg sfo{qmd tk{m $) hgf o'jf -dlxnf / k'?if_ s[ifsx?nfO{ 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf pQm o'jf s[ifsx? dWo] o'jf nlIft Joj;flos t/sf/L pTkfbgsf nfuL k|lt o'jf ^) xhf/ / Joj;flos Rofp pTkfbgsf nfuL k|lt o'jf $) xhf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fOg] s'/f lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{fno, ;'g;/Lsf k|d'v 8f=/jLGgfy rf}a]n] atfPsf 5g\ . 8f=rf}a]sf cg';f/ Joj;foLs t/sf/L / Rofp v]tL ;d]t ul/ ^$ nfv ?k}ofF ah]6 cg'bfg lbOg] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf ls;fgx?nfO{ clxn] Joj;foLs tflnd lbg] sfd eO /x]sf] 5 . tflnd ;lsPkl5 ;+emf}tf

o'jfnfO{ klg cg'bfg u/]/ cg'bfg x:tfGt/0f ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ;f] j}7sn] ;xsf/L v]tLdf cfwfl/t l;+rfO{sf nflu Ps, ;xsf/L v]tL :sLdsf nfuL b'O, s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;fgf l;+rfO{ ljz]if sfo{qmdsf nfuL $* cf]6f s[ifs ;d"xx? klg 5flgPsf 5g\ . ;fgf l;+rfO sfo{qmdsf nflu $% nfv ?k}ofF ah]6 /x]sf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . To;}ul/ df]/\ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] lhNnfsf $) hgf o'jfnfO{ Rofp v]tL / ^) hgfnfO{ Joj;flos t/sf/L v]tLsf nflu cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . Rofp tkm{ k|lt ls;fg $) xhf/ / t/sf/L tkm{ ^) xhf/ cg'bfg lbOPsf] xf] . df]/\df Rofp / t/sf/L v]tL;Fu} cleofgd'vL ds}, Joj;flos ls6 ljsf;, cleofg d'vL e6df; pTkfbg, cleofgd 'v L d T :o ljs f; esf / L ; 'w f / , ; fg f l; +r f O nu fotsf s fo { q mds f n f lu s'n Ps s/f]8 &$ nfv #) xhf/ ?k}ofF cg'bfg ljt/0f ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] ;f] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .

;'g;/Ldf]/\sf

kmfu'g@)&! 12

;/sf/n] s[lif pBd ug]{x?nfO{ ljleGg cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf u/]kl5 lhNnf lhNnfdf s[lif pBd btf{ ug]{ nx/ rNg yfn]sf] 5 .s[lif C0fdf ;d]t Jofh ;x'lnotsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;/sf/n] s[lif Joj;fonfO{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ u/]/ j}wflgstf lbPkl5 dfq cg'bfg / C0f kfOg] lglt cl3 ;f/]kl5 lhNnfl:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nox?df s[lifhGo pBf]u btf{sf] qmd XjfQ} a9]sf] xf] . b'Ojif{ cl3;Dd kmf6\6 k'm6\6dfq s[lif Joj;fo btf{ x'g] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no Pj+ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nox?sf] clxn] d'Vo sfd h:t} ePsf] 5 s[lif Joj;fo btf{sf] sfd . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no emfkfsf k|d'v uf]kL l3dL/] ut c;f/ d;fGt;Dd btf{ ePsf s[lif Joj;fosf] t'ngfdf ;fpg otf k'; d;fGt;Dd btf{ ePsfsf] ;+Vof em08} bf]Aa/ /x]sf] atfpF5g\ . To:t} ;'g;/Ldf Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf ^) cf]6f s[lif Joj;fo btf{

cg'bfg lng

ePsf 5g\ oxfF k';d;fGt;Dd btf{ ePsf s[lifhGo pBf]usf] s'n ;+Vof Ps;o $! 5 . eg] df]/\df rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwdf btf{ ePsf rf/;o $* pBf]u dWo] ^) k|ltzt eGbf jl9 s[lif pBf]u /x]sf] sfof{no k|d'v pd]z kf08]n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . l;/xfdf ;fpg otfdfq $* cf]6f s[lif Joj;fo pBf]usf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf 5g\ . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no l;/xfsf cg';f/ ut c;f/ d;fGt;Dd btf{ ePsf s[lif pBf]u tyf Joj;fosf] ;+Vof

Ps;o %) lyof] . s[lifhGo pBf]usf] btf{ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf klg lgs} 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Kt/Lsf gfoj ;'Aaf b]jrGb| rf}w/Lsf cg';f/ lhNnfx?df w]/} h;f] kz'kfng ufO{, e}+;L, j+u'/ tyf jfv|fsf kmd{ btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] s'v'/f, dfx'/L kfng, Rofp v]tL, t/sf/L v]tL, 8]/L pBf]u btf{ ePsf 5g\ .

cfj/0f

kmfu'g@)&! 13

slgsf h;/L ah]6 5l/Fbf ;f]r]hlt k|ltkmn gcfPkl5 s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] cfof]hgfnfO{ s]GLs[t u/]/ n}hfg] tof/L yfn]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] cfly{s jif{ @)&@) sf] ah]6 agfpg] qmddf sfo{qmdsf] ?k kl/jt{g ug{ yfn]sf] xf] . yf]/} sfo{qmdnfO{ s]Gdf /fv]/ ah]6 agfpg] / To;}nfO{ dfq} nufgL ug{] u/L ah]6 agfpg yfn]sf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . dGqfnosf] of]hgf dxfzfvf k|d'v of]u]Gs'df/ sfsL{n] ;Dj4 lgsfosf] 5nkmnkl5 of]hgf agfP/ /fli6o of]hgf cfof]udf k7fOg] atfPsf 5g\ . ;a} If]qdf ah]6 5bf{ sfo{qmdsf] k|ltkmn gcfPsfn] Pp6} sfo{qmddf tLg jif{;Dd nufgL ug{], ljleGg sfo{qmddf ah]6 g5g{] u/L of]hgf agfpg yflnPsf] xf] . dxfzfvf k|d'v sfsL{sf cg';f/ s[lif If]qdf ePsf] nufgL a/fa/sf] k|ltkmn gcfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ljleGg If]qdf ah]6 5l/g' xf] .

s'g afnL tyf s'g If]qdf kmf]s; ug{] eGg]df /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u, s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf ljefu nufot;Fu 5nkmn hf/L 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu @# ca{ #* s/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd eg] ;a} k'/fgf 5 . s[lif dGqfnosf clwsf/LnfO{ gofF sfo{qmd agfpg'eGbf k'/fg} sfo{qmddf ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ ;lhnf] x'g ePsfn] gofF sfo{qmd tyf To;sf] k|ltkmn;d]t cfpg g;s]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef s[lif tyf hn;|f]t ;ldltsf ;efklt uug yfkfsf] egfO

5 . s'n ljlgof]lht ah]6dWo] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L cg'bfgsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf]5 . cg'bfgsf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6dWo] &) k|ltzteGbf a9L cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf nflu /sd 5'\ofpFbf k|ltkmn cfpg g;s]sf] pgL atfpF5g\ . dGqfnoaLr ;dGjo cefjn] s[lif If]q km:6fpg g;s]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

u/fpg g]kfnL o'jfnfO{ Oh/fon nfg yfn]sf] xf] . ut jif{ b'O;o kfFr hgfnfO{ tflnd lbg Oh/fon nluPsf] lyof] . pgLx?n] ;kmntf k"j{s tflnd lnP/ kmls{Pkl5 o; jif{ k|lzIffy{Lsf] ;+Vof a9fP/ % xhf/ !% hgfnfO{ n}hfg nfluPsf] /fhb"t d]o/n] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] b]zsf] ljsf;sf nflu s[lifsf] ljsf;df Wofg lbg kg]{ / To;sf nflu Joj;flos bIf hgzlQm cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] Oh/fonn] ;xof]u ul/ /x]sf] atfP . ljutdf s[lif k|lzIffy{L{sf kdf Oh/fon uPsf g]kfnL ljBfy{Lxn] k|bz{g u/]sf] sfdk|ltsf] ;dk{0f, d]xgt / sf}zntfsf sf/0f cfgf] b]zsf] ;/sf/n] g]kfnL k|lzIffy{L{sf nflu of] jif{ tflnd sf]6f a9fPsf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . Oh/fondf ut jif{ tflnd k|fKt u/L kmls{Psf @ ;o o'jfnfO{ Joj;foLs kmd{ ;+rfngsf nflu ;/sf/n] o; jif{ !! nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

kfFr xhf/ o'jfnfO{ s[lif tflndg]kfnLx?sf] /f]huf/sf] e/kbf]{ uGtJodf k/]sf] Oh/fonn] kfFrxhf/ g]kfnL o'jfx?nfO{ s[lif tflnd lbg] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf nflu Oh/fonsf /fhb"t of/f]g d]o/n] kfFr xhf/ g]kfnLnfO{ Oh/fondf s[lif tflnd Pj+ /f]huf/L k|bfg ul/g] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ . tflnd;Fu} k|lzIffy{Ln] dfl;s Psnfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9L dfl;s kfl/>lds ;d]t kfpg]5g\ . Oh/fonn] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s;Fusf] ;xsfo{df o:tf] k|lzIf0f ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf] 5 . hf/L s[lif k|lzIffyL{ sfo{qmd cGtu{t !) dlxg] s[lif tflnd sfo{qmddf ;xefuL

Oh/fondf

kmfu'g@)&! 14

k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnfdf oftfoft ;]jfsf] kx'Fr j9];Fu} w/fgl:yt s[lif pkh jhf/ :yndf ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ jiff}{gL j9\g yfn]sf] 5 .tLgjif{ cl3;Dd wg's6f lhNnfaf6 dfq ;'Gtnf cfpg] s[lif ahf/df xfn t]x|y'd, ef]hk'/, ;+v'jf;ef / vf]6f\ lhNnfaf6 ;d]t ;'Gtnf cfpg yfn]sf] 5 .ahf/:ynsf] tYof\s cg';f/ o;jif{ df3 bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ #@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . utjif{ df3 bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd ahf/ :yndf @! s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf rf/xhf/ @# d]l6|s 6g ;'Gtnf vl/b ljlqm ePsf]df o;jif{ ;f] cjlw;Dd #@ s/f]8 d"No a/fa/sf kfFrxhf/ tLg;o @! d]l6s 6g ;'Gtnf vl/b ljlqm ePsf] 5 . utjif{ e/Ldf @( s/f]8 ?k}ofF d"Nosf kfFrxhf/ kfFr;o ^% d]l6|s 6g ;'Gtnf sf/f]jf/ ePsf]df o; jif{sf] xfn;Ddsf] tYof\sn] jif{e/Ldf ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ ;ft xhf/ tLg;o d]l6|s 6g eGbf jl9 x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .;8s oftfoftsf] kx'Fr j9]sf sf/0f kxf8L u|fld0f If]qdf ;'Gtnfsf] gofF au}+rf nufpg] / au}+rfsf] :ofxf/ ;+ef/df ;d]t ls;fgn] /fd|f] Wofg lbg yfn]sf pTkfbg klg a9]sf] Jofkf/Lx? atfpF5g\ . w/fgdf ;+slnt ;'Gtnf k"jf{Grnsf ;j} lhNnfsf] ;fy} ef/tsf] ljxf/ / klZrd a+ufn;Dd lgof{t x'Fb} cfPsf]df s]xL jif{b]vL ef/t lgof{t eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kxf8L If]qdf oftfoftsf] kx'Fr a9]sf sf/0f ls;fgx?n] ;'Gtnfaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng yfn]sf 5g\ . ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ j9]klg d"No eg] utjif{ eGbf sd ePsf] 5}g utjif{ %@ ?k}ofF s]hL cf};t yf]s d"No /x]sf] ;'Gtnf o; jif{ ^) ?k}ofF s]hL cf};t yf]s d"Nodf ljlqm eO /x]sf] 5 . ;8s oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf j9]/ ;'Gtnfsf] jhf/Ls/0fdf ;xhtf ePkl5 kxf8L If]qdf ;'Gtnf v]tL nufpg] ls;fgsf] ;+Vof a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . ls;fgx?n] ePsf k'/fgf ju}+rfsf] :ofxf/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ eg] gofF lj?jf /f]Kg] klg pT;flxt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ;'Gtnfsf] sf/]fjf/ a9];Fu} ls;fgsf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t j9]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f ls;fgsf] hLjg :t/ psf:g klg ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .

ls;fgnfO{ kmfObf oftfoftn] ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ j9\of]

nId0f e/fO{

w/fgdf ;'Gtnf sflt{saf6 z'? eO r}q;Dd cfpg] u5{ . d'Vo l;hg d+;L/b]vL df3;Dd jl9 cfpg] u5{ . pQm l;hgdf b}lgs @) b]lv #)

d]l6|s 6g;Dd sf/f]af/ x'g] ub{5 . ut jif{ eGbf o;aif{ ef]hk'/,vf]6f\sf] ;'Gtnf rf8} cfPsf] 5 . w/fgdf ;+slnt ;'Gtnf dWo] :yfgLo ahf/ -w/fgdf_ s'n sf/f]af/sf] %) b]lv ^) k|ltzt;Dd vkt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . w/fgsf] s[lif ahf/df slxn]sflx :of\hf tyf sf:sLb]lv klg ;'Gtnf cfpg] ub{5 . t/ ;'Gtnfsf] nflu wgs'6f g} nf]slk|o 5 . Plzofs} ;j}eGbf :jflbnf] dflgPsf] wgs'6fsf] vf]s'sf] ;'Gtnfn] /fli6o VoftL sdfPsf] sf/0f oxfFsf] ;'Gtnfsf] dfu /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ a|fl08\ ul/ ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;s] cem ahf/ a9\g] ;+efjgf 5 .

-n]vs s[lif pkh ahf/:yn w/fgsf k|jGws x'g\ _

o;jif{ df3 bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]jf/ #@ k|ltztn]

a9]sf] 5 . utjif{ df3 bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd ahf/ :yndf @! s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf rf/xhf/ @# d]l6|s

6g ;'Gtnf vl/b ljlqm ePsf]df o;jif{ ;f] cjlw;Dd #@ s/f]8 d"No a/fa/sf kfFrxhf/ tLg;o @! d]l6s 6g ;'Gtnf vl/b ljlqm

ePsf] 5 .

ahf/

kmfu'g@)&! 15

oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf] utjif{;Ddsf] tYofs cg';f/ g]kfndf ;fgf, 7"nf, lglh, Jofkfl/s, ;+:yfg, ;/sf/L, df]6/;fOsn ;d]t ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;+Vof !& nfv 5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf ;jf/L u'8\g] ;8s ck]lIft ?kdf lj:tf/ ePsf] kfOb}g . ljut s]xL jif{b]vL g]kfndf ;jf/L b'3{6gf cTolws j9]sf] kfOG5 . 6flkms k|}x/L dxfzfvfsf] /]s8{ cg';f/ utjif{ ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf b}lgs ;/b/ % hgf dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . t/ k"jf{Grnsf] xsdf b}lgs ;/b/ Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] /]s8{ 5 .xfd|f] b]zdf ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf d"Vo sf/0f s] s] x'g < s'g b'3{6gf s'g s'g sdhf]/L jf nfk{jfxLaf6 ePsf] xf] tYo kQf gnufO{ ;j} b'3{6gfsf sf/0f ;jf/L rfnsdfq x'g elg bf]if hlt rfnssf] 6fpsf]df xfnL cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf kfgL d'lgsf] cf]efgf] x'g] k|rng cToGt lgGblgo / cGofok"0f{ 5 . ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f dWo] w]/} k|ltzt rfnssf] nfkjf{xL ePsf] x'g ;Sb5 . lsgeg] b'3{6gf ug]{ ;jf/L ;f]xL rfnsn]

sf/0f / Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo ;jf/L b'3{6gf

s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL

rnfPsf] sf/0f . t/ ;j} b'3{6gfdf rfnsdfq sf/s xf] eGg' tYout xf]Og . ;jf/L b'3{6gf cGo ljleGg sf/0faf6 klg ePsf] x'g ;S5 . ;jf/L b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fsf nflu xfn /fHosf] tkm{af6 ljleGg pkfox? cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 . t/ ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug]{ rfns, kl/rfns, ;jf/L wgLnfo{ dfq sfjf{xL / hl/jfgf u/]/ b'3{6gf lgoGq0f x'g ;Sb}g . ;/sf/n] ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj;d]t ;Fu;Fu} ug'{kb{5 .

tTsfn ;/sf/n] ug'{kg]{ sfdx? g]kfndf ;jf/L u'8\g pknAw ;8ssf] juL{s/0f ul/ s:tf] ;jf/LnfO{ s:tf] ?6df rNg lbg] :ki6 gLlt agfpg' k5{ . h'g;'s} ;8sdf h:tf];'s} ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ rNg cg'dlt lbg] k|yf aGb ug'{ k5{ . ;jf/L - 6flkms _ 1fg ;j{;fwf/0f ;j}nfO{ lbg Jofkfs k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{k5{ . ;fy} ljBfno :t/af6} 6flkms lzIff lbg kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ul/ sIff !) ;Dd clgjfo{ ug'{ plrt x'G5 .

;8sdf rf}kfo 5f8f 5f]8\g], lj:s'g ;'sfpg], xf6 ahf/ nufpg] / ;8s cltqmd0f u/]/ 3/ 6x/f agfpg] k|yfnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy /f]Sg' kb{5 . rfns cg'dltkq lng' k"j{ ;DjlGwt JolQmnfO{ 6flkms 1fg, cg'zf;g ;DjlGw sf]if{ lgwf{/0f ul/ sDtLdf tLg dlxg] tflnd clgjfo{ ul/g' k5{ / ;f] tflnd lnPsfnfO{ dfq cGo cfjZos k|lqmof k'/f ul/ ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq lbg] Joj:yf x'g' k5{ . To;sf nflu ;/sf/n] l;6LOle6L dfkm{t tflndsf] k|jGw ldnfpg' k5{ . To:tf tflnd s]Gb| 6flkms k|x/Ln] g} cfjZostf cg';f/sf :yfgdf ;Grfng ug{ ;s] cem} k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] lgikIf 5fgljgsf nflu Ps 5''6\6} OsfO jf ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . h'g sDtLdf lhNnf :t/;Dd x'g' kb{5 . Tof] ;ldlt dfkm{t cg';Gwfg ul/ bf]iffL b]lvPsfnfO{ sfjf{xL ug]{ lgikIf Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

-n]vs oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6o dxf;+3sf k"jf{Grn ;+of]hs x'g ._

;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf ;jf/L u'8\g] ;8s ck]lIft ?kdf lj:tf/ ePsf] kfOb}g . ljut

s]xL jif{b]vL g]kfndf ;jf/L b'3{6gf cTolws j9]sf] kfOG5 . 6flkms k|}x/L dxfzfvfsf] /]s8{ cg';f/ utjif{ ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf b}lgs ;/b/ %

hgf dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] 5 .

oftfoft

kmfu'g@)&! 16

glan a}+saf6 a}+ls If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf ;f]egb]j kGt gf} jif{b]lv n'lDagL a}+ssf] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 5g\ . sl/a tLg bzs a}+ls If]qsf] cg'ej xfl;n ul/;s]sf kGtn] n'lDagL a}+snfO{ gofF prfOdf k'ofPsf 5g\ . clxn] a}+s 6k6]g leq /x]sf] bfaL kGtsf] 5 . ;du| a}+ls If]qsf] ;Defjgf, ljlQo kx'Fr, a}+ls If]qsf ;d:ofnufot ljifodf kGt;Fu g]kfnL >d 86 sd sf nflu lji0f' a]Njf;]n] u/]sf] s'/fsfgL ;fGble{s nfu]/ s]xL ;Dkfbg;lxt k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .

g]kfnL a}+ls If]qsf] klxnf] k|fyldstf s] x'g'k5{ < s]xL JolQmsf] dfq pTyfg x'g] a}+ls If]qn] b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] a}+lsn] Pp6f ;d"xsf] cfly{s pGglt x'g;S5 t/ ;dfli6ut kdf ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . a}+sxn] dWod / lgDg ju{sf cfjZostfnfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ . dWod / lgDg juL{o kl/jf/sf] cfly{s pTyfg x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmd Nofpg'k5{ . tL b'O{ ju{df w]/} hg;+Vof 5g\ . pgLxsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf]8 lbg'k5{ .

a}+sx?

clxn]sf] a}+ls If]qn] tL ju{nfO{ ;d]6\g ;s]g eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] < clxn]sf] a}+ls If]q ;x/ s]lGt ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;x/sf 7"nf tyf wgf9\o ju{n] dfq a}+ls ;]jf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . w]/} hg;+VofnfO{ ;d]6\g] / pgLxsf cfjZostf k"lt{ x'g] vfnsf] a}+ls ;]jf k'u]sf] 5}g . dWod / lgDg ju{nfO{ ldNg]vfnsf] cfly{s gLlt Nofpg'k5{ . of] clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .

clxn]sf] a}+ls k|0ffnL k|lt:kw{L{ 5 t < ;/;tL{ x]b{f k|lt:kwL{ 5 . a}+s, kmfOgfG; sDkgL, ;xsf/Lx oqtq b]lvG5g\ . a}+s, ljsf; a}+s, ;xsf/LaLr c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ klg b]lvG5 . o:tf] c:j:Yo k|lt:kwf{df a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] gLlteGbf aflx/ uP/ klg sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/, of] k|lt:kwf{n] s]xL ;Lldt JolQmnfO{ dfq kmfObf k'u]sf] 5 . dWodju{ / lgDg ju{df klg o:t} k|lt:kwf{ x'g'kg{] xf] . Tof] tx;Dd klg hfg'k5{ . t/, clxn]sf] k|lt:kwf{sf] k|efj Tof] If]qdf uPsf]

5}g . a}+sljQLo ;+:yfaLr x'g] k|lt:kwf{n] l;h{gfTds sfd ug{ ;Sg'kb{Yof] . of] k|lt:kwf{n] 7"nf] hg;+VofnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] cj:yf klg 5}g . ;/;tL{ x]bf{ k|lt:kwf{ b]lvG5 . t/, b]zleqsf] ;a} kl/j]znfO{ lnP/ x]g{] xf] eg] k|lt:kwf{sf] k|efj k/]sf] b]lvFb}g . s[ifs, dWodju{sf cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{] vfnsf] a}+ls k|0ffnL ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pTkfbg a9fpgsf nflu a}+ls If]qn] vf;} pNn]vgLo sfd ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|lt:kwf{n] u'0ffTds kl/0ffd Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

ufpF;Dd a}+ls kx'Fr k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g, xf] < xf] . clxn]sf] a}+ls If]qn] w]/} hg;+VofnfO{ ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . a}+ls k|lt:kwf{n] lgDg cfo x'g]xsf] cfly{s pTyfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]xL ;x/ s]lGt 7"nf Jofkf/Lsf] xftdf 5g\ . pgLxdf dfq} a}+ssf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 . pgLxsf] aLrdf dfq} k|lt:kwf{ xf] ls h:tf] nfU5 .

;+VofTds kdf ljQLo If]q km/flsnf] ePsf] 5 . o;n] t ;a}nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug'kg{] xf]Og / < ;+Vofdf dfq} a9\bf ;a}nfO{ kmfObf x'G5 eGg] 5}g . a}+s / pBf]u Joj;fo ;Fu;Fu} lxF8\g' kg{] xf], t/ To;f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . Pp6f uf8Lsf kf+u|fh:t} ljQLo If]q pTkfbgd"ns ;+:yf;Fu} lxF8\g' kg]{ xf] . uf8Lsf rf/j6} kf+u|f u'8\g ;s]gg\ eg] uf8L bf}l8g ;Sb}g . xfdLsxfF ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] j[l4cg';f/ pTkfbgd"ns If]qsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g

a}+ls

kmfu'g@)&! 17

. lxhf] pTkfbg If]qdf nfu]sf dflg; pBf]uwGbfdf gnfu]/ a}+sljQLo If]q vf]Nglt/ nfu]sf 5g\ . a}+sljQLo ;+:yf / pBf]uwGbfaLr tfnd]n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljQLo If]qsf] dfq} j[l4 eof] / pTkfbgd"ns If]qsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g eg] ;d:of cfpF5 . ljQLo / pTkfbg If]qaLr g / df;'h:t} ;DaGw 5 . Psn] csf{nfO{ ;3fpg] u/L cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . ;dfgfGt/ kdf cufl8 hfg g;s]sf sf/0f cfly{s j[l4 jf pGglt x'g g;s]sf] xf] . pTkfbg If]qsf] ljsf; ePg eg] ljQLo If]qsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g / o;n] ljQLo ljj/0fdf klg c;/ k'ofpF5 . cf}Bf]uLs/0f jf j:t'sf] pTkfbg x'g ;s]g eg] o;sf] c;/ rf}tkm{L kdf b]lvG5 .

t/ntf a9\g'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] < t/ntf a9L 5 t/ pTkfbg If]qdf hfg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;n] lgIf]ksf] Aofhb/ / C0fsf] Aofhb/df ;d]t k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 .

C0fdf Aofhb/ #% k|ltztn] 36\bf klg pBf]uwGbf lsg km:6fpg ;s]gg\ / sxfFg]/ s] tfnd]n ldn]g < klxn]sf] eGbf Aofhb/df #% k|ltzt lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . sd Aofhb/ kfpFbf klg pTkfbg j[l4 / cf}Bf]lusLs/0f x'g ;s]g . of] ljifo cToGt ;+j]bgzLn 5 . c b]zdf Aofhb/ )=% k|ltzt 36\bf pTkfbg If]q w]/} t+lu|G5 . ef/td} )=% k|ltzt Aofhb/ 36fpg dlxgf}+b]lv gLltlgdf{tfaLr 5nkmn eO/fv]sf] x'G5 . )=% k|ltzt 36fP olt pTkfbg a9fpF5f}+ eg]/ bafa l;h{gf ul//x]sf x'G5g\ pBf]ukltx . o;n] cGttM pBf]uwGbfnfO{ kmfObf k'U5 klg . t/, xfdLsxfF #% k|ltzt;Dd 36\bf klg pTkfbg If]qdf nufgL a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff, jftfj/0f, cfTdljZjf; dxTjk"0f{ s'/f /x]5g\ . w]/} Aofhb/ 36\bf C0f nufgL a9\g'kg{] xf], t/ To;f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . C0fsf] dfu ePsf] 5}g . pBf]uwGbf v'n]sf 5}gg\ . !@ jif{sf] aLrdf oltw]/} Aofhb/ 36\bf klg pTkfbg If]qdf C0f nufgL gx'g' b'vb\ s'/f xf] .

of] cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ s;n] s] ug{'k5{ < cfly{s ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd gNofpg] xf] eg] Aofhb/ 36fP/ dfq} shf{sf] dfu a9\bf] /x]g5 . pBf]uwGbf :yfkgf ePsf 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f C0fsf] dfun] klg b]vfpF5 . pTkfbgd"ns If]qsf] ljsf; gx'g'df Aofhb/dfq} xf]Og, cGo s'/fn] klg k|efj kfl//x]sf 5g\ eGg] k'li6 x'G5 . nufgLsf nflu cfTdljZjf; a9\g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f klg vf]lhg'k5{ .

clt ul/a ju{df hfg] Aofhsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 lg < /fi6 a}+sn] jfl0fHo a}+snfO{ ljkGgju{df lglZrt k|ltzt nufgL ug{ lgb{]zg lbPsf] 5 . a}+sx cfkm+} hfg g;s]sf] v08df n3' ljsf; a}+sdfkm{t klg Tof] If]qdf nufgL a9fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . klxn] ^& k|ltzt Aofhb/df a}+sn] Tof] If]qdf C0f nufgL u/]sf lyP . t/, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zgnfO{ k"/f ug{ pgLxn] #$ k|ltzt Aofhb/d} nufgL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+sn] ToxL /sd !%@% k|ltztsf] Aofhb/df nufgL ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/, pgLxn] ljkGg ju{df u/]sf] sh{f nufgLsf] Aofhb/ 36fPsf 5}gg\ . a}+sn] Aofhb/ 36fpFbf klg n3'ljQsf] Aofhb/df sdL cfPsf] 5}g . To;n] n3'ljQ ;+:yfnfO{ g} kmfObf k'u]sf] 5 . n3'ljQdf nufgL ug{]n] d'gfkmf w]/} vfPsf 5g\ . pgLxn] nfef+z /fd|} ljt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . t/, ljkGg ju{n] 36\bf] Aofhb/sf] kmfObf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgLxn] $)%) k|ltzt;Dd nfef+z ljt/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . # k|ltzt Aofhb/df C0f lbPsf a}+sn] !@!% k|ltzt nfef+z lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . afWofTds kdf a}+sxn] #$ k|ltztdf Aofhdf lbPsf] C0fsf] gfkmf ljkGg If]qdf hfg'kg{] xf] t/ uO/x]sf] 5}g . ljkGg ju{sf] pTyfgsf nflu NofOPsf] ;f] sfo{qmdsf] kmfObf cnfO{ g} ePsf] 5 . jf:tljs hgtfn] kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

/fi6 a}+sn] s[lif / hnljB't\ If]qdf !@ k|ltzt nufgL ug{'kg{] afWofTds Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;n] a}+ls If]qdf s:tf] k|efj kfnf{ < s]GLo a}+sn] NofPsf] lgb{]zg /fd|f] xf] . hnljB't\ If]qsf] ljsf; clxn]sf] cfjZostf klg xf] . ;fy} nufgLsf] ;Defjgf ePsf] If]q klg xf] . Ps d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{sf nflu !%!& s/f]8 nufgL nufpg'k5{ . a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] ;fgf] cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu klg 7"nf] /sd nufgL ug{'k5{ . ;fgf] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g eg] klg a}+sxsf] 7"nf] /sd km:5 . o;n] a}+sxnfO{ g} w/fzfoL agfpg ;S5 . hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf nufgL ug{' a}+sxsf nflu 7"nf] hf]lvdsf] ljifo klg xf] .hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / ljB't\ k|flws/0faLr ljB't\ vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tf -kLkLP_ x'Fb}df cfof]hgf lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg] 5}g . clxn] lgd{f0ffwLg cfof]hgf klg la/fdLsf] cj:yfdf 5g\ . vf]nfsf] kfgL / 6jf{Og afx]s lwtf] /fVg] j:t' x'Fb}g . hnljB't\ b]zsf] cfjZostf eP klg a}+sxsf nflu hf]lvdsf] If]q xf] .

art stf{n] Go"g -@% k|ltztdfq_ Aofh kfpg] cj:yf 5 gL < xf], artst{fn] Hofb} Go"g Aofhb/ kfO/x]sf 5g\ . Aofhb/ a9L kfpgsf nflu a}+sn] nufgLsf If]q klxrfg u/L nufgL a9fpg' k5{ . t/, clxn]sf] cj:yfdf Tof] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5}g\ . artstf{n] Aofhb/ /fd|f] kfpg ;s]gg\ eg] k'FhL knfog x'g ;S5 . To;}}n] art;Fu} nufgL klg a9fpg' kg{] x'G5 . o;sf nflu /fHon] :ki6 gLlt Nofpg'k5{ .

;g\ @))& sf] ljQLo ;d:ofkl5 g]kfndf s:tf ;'wf/sf sfd ePsf 5g\ < a}+ls If]qsf] dfGotfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . a}+sx cGt{/fli6o dfGotfcg';f/ cufl8 a9\g] k|of;df nfu]sf 5g\ . cGt{/fli6o :t/df )=% k|ltzt Aofhb/ 36fpg klg dlxgf};Dd 5nkmn x'G5 t/ g]kfndf Ps8]9 jif{sf] aLrdf #% k|ltzt Aofhb/ 36\bf klg 5nkmn} x'Fb}g . o;sf nflu :ki6 gLlt agfpg''k5{ .

g]kfnsf] a}+ls If]qsf] C0fsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf] 5 < g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8, /fli6o jfl0fHo a}+s, s[lif ljsf; a}+snufotsf a}+s v/fa C0fsf sf/0f la/fdLsf] cj:yfaf6 u'h|]sf 5g\ . k'FhL kof{Kttf eP klg v/fa C0fsf sf/0f pgLxsf] ljQLo cj:yf /fd|f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . a}+ssf] C0fsf] u'0f:t/df ;w}+ k|Zg lrXg p7\g] u5{ . C0fsf nflu :ki6 gLlt Nofpg'k5{ . 7"nf 3/fgfsf Jofkf/LaLr C0f lng] c:j:Yo k|lt:kw{fn] b'3{6gf lgDtg klg ;S5 . C0f lbg' cufl8 ;f]Rg'k5{ / lgodgsf/L lgsfon] klg o;tkm{ Wofg lbP/ ToxLcg';f/sf] gLlt agfpg' cfjZos 5 .

g]kfndf a}+ls If]qn] s:tfs:tf r'gf}tL v]lk/x]sf 5g\ < ljQLo :yfloTjsf nflu :ki6 kdf df}ls gLlt cfpg' cfjZos 5 . :ki6 gLlt gePsf sf/0f a]nfa]nfdf ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ a]n}df ;Daf]wg ug{ :ki6 gLlt cfjZos 5 . n'lDagL a}+ssf] ;du| cj:yf s:tf] 5 clxn] ldssf ?kdf ef/t hfg] / df};dL sfdbf/ eP/ >d a]Rg] xfd|f] d'n'ssf gful/sx?sf] k/Dk/fut j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] k|f/lDes :j?k xf] . c;+ul7t Pjd\ :j]R5fsf] >d ahf/sf] vf]hL g]kfnL >dn] ljb]zL >d ahf/df /fv]sf] klxnf] kfOnfsf] :j?k xf] . 8]le8 cS6/nf]gLn] ;g\ !*!% df %))) uf]vf{nL ;]gfnfO{ la|l6; ;]gfsf] csf ?kdf etL{ ug{] k|:tfj kl5 dxf;]gfgL nfjtLsf] sdf08df klxnf] g]kfnL 6's8L uf]vf{nL ;}lgssf ?kdf a]nfotL ;/sf/sf] hflu/] ePsf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . To;} ldltb]lv g]kfndf ;+ul7t ljk|]if0fsf] cfudg k|f/De ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . of] ;g\ @)!$ cyf{t jL/ uf]vf{nLsf] a]nfotL ;]gfdf

k|j]z ePsf] @)) cf}+ jif{ xf] cfh ko{Gt uf]vf{nLsf] jL/tf g]kfnsf] >Lj[l4df sfod 5 . ljk|]if0fsf] gbL g]kfn tkm{ aUg] qmd cBflk sfod dfq xf]Og o;sf] j[l4 klg lg/Gt/ 5 . cfh g]kfnL >d ;}lgs hflu/sf nflu dfq xf]Og ljb]zdf h'g;'s} sfd / /f]huf/Lsf nflu hfg] ult emg} tLj| ePsf] 5 . clxn] ljb]z uP/ sfd ug{ OR5's g]kfnLn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /f]huf/ cg'dlt kq lng'kg{] jfWofTds Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 / ;+;f/sf Ps;o ;ft d'n'snfO{ sfd ug{ hfg kfpg] ;"rLdf ;/sf/n] /fv]sf] 5 . t/ axfb'/ uf]v{fnLx? n'sLl5lk ef/tsf] af6f] u/]/ cj}w ?kd} ePklg ;"rL aflx/sf d'n'sdf hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf sfdsf] vf]hLdf uO/x]sf 5g\ / jif{]lg 7lug] n'l6g] / Hofg u'dfpg];Ddsf 36gfdf kFml;/x]sf 5g\ .clxn] g]kfnaf6 b}lgs cf};t kfFr;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnLx? j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z pl8/x]sf 5g\ . of] tYofdf ef/t hfg] sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof ;dfj]z 5}g . >ldssf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Zg t Psflt/ 5Fb}5 To; cltl/Qm b]zsf] >d b]zleq} k|of]u x'g] jftfj/0fsf] vf]hL ug{' g]kfnsf of]hgfljbx? ;fd'Gg] 7"nf] r'gf}ltsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ljk|]if0fdf cfwfl/t cy{tGqsf ?kdf kl/lrt of] b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ bLuf] agfpg klg j}slNks ;|f]tsf] vf]hL cfjZos / ckl/xfo{ 5 .

s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf ljk|]if0fsf] of]ubfg cy{ dGqfnon] ;g\ @)!! df k|sflzt u/]sf] Pp6f k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5 ls @))( df g]kfnsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] (=#* k|ltzt, @)!) df !!=)# k|ltzt / @)!! df !@=)# k|ltzt c+z ljk|]if0fsf] /x]sf] 5 . dflysf] tflnsfaf6 k|i6 x'G5 ;g !((( b]lv @)!! ;Ddsf] ljk|]if0f cfo qmdzM al9/x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn lelqg] ljk|]if0fsf] emns ;g\ @)!)!! sf] cfly{s ;j{]If0fn] b]vfPsf] tYof cg';f/ @))# sf] #!.( k|ltzt kl/jf/n] k|fKt ug{] u/]sf] ljk|]if0f cfo a9]/ @)!)!! df %*=* k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/n] ljk|]if0fsf] sdfO{ leq\ofO

kmfu'g@)&! 27

/x]sf 5g\ . / tL kl/jf/n] cf};tdf jflif{s *) xhf/ ?k}ofeGbf a9Lsf b/n] o:tf] /sd leq\ofPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;g @)!#!$ sf] k|f/lDes ;j{]If0fn] t emg of] /sd a9]/ cf};t ! nfv @% xhf/ ?k}of eGbf dfly k'u]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] >d ahf/ /f]hfOsf] >d ahf/df k|j]z ug{] OR5f x/]s g]kfnL j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] gful/sn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf x'G5g\ . t/ z}lIfs of]Uotf, cfgf] zLk, cGo d'n'sn] k|bfg ug{] le;f, cfgf] cfjZostf / sfdsf] cj;/ oL ;a} s'/fsf] tfnd]n gldn];Dd /f]hfO{sf] b]zdf sfdug{ hfg] cg's'ntf gldNg ;S5 . t;y{ xfd|f gful/sx? sf]l/of, hfkfg, Oh/fon, dsfp, xs h:tf d'n'sdf hfg] tLj| OR5f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg c/a / dn]l;of h:tf ;:tf >d ahf/df k|j]z ug{ jfWo 5g\ . /f]hL/f]6Lsf nflu hfg] >dn] 5gf}6sf] ahf/ kfpg jf:tj d} sl7g x'G5 . of] >d ahf/ l;4fGtsf] ;dfGo lgod klg xf] . ;/;lt{ x]b{f !! k|ltzt o:tf sfdbf/ nuftf/ !% jif{ eGbf dflysf] cjlw ljb]zdf a:g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] $% k|ltzt eg] % jif{;Dd a:g] u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L >d ahf/sf] vf]hLdf hfg] s'n sfdbf/ dWo] !@=# k|ltzt sfdbf/x? b]z kl/jt{g u/]/ sfddf hfg] klg kfOPsf] 5 . t/ h;/L ahf/df k|j]z u/]klg jif{]lg )=)$ k|ltzt sfdbf/ b'3{6gfdf k/]sf jf d[To' ePsf] tYof kfOPsf] 5 . ;g !((( df a]nfotn] xsnfO{ :jflwgtf k|bfg u/]kl5 g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] x\s a;fO{sf] :j?kdf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . klxn] hflu/]sf ?kdf /x]sf nfx'/] / ltgsf cfl>tx?df ljljwtf cfPsf] / cGo sfdbf/sf nflu klg xs Pp6f cfsif{s uGtJo ag]sf] 5 . pBf]u Jofkf/ tyf cGo ;/sf/L sfdsfhdf ;d]t g]kfnLx?sf] afSnf] pkl:ylt ToxfF x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pt} 3/hd u/]/ a:g] ;'ljwf ;d]t kfPsf s}og g]kfnL u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx? ;d]t xsdf hd]sf 5g\ . ljk|]if0fsf] rrf{ u/]sf a]nf eg] -Pg cf/Pg_sf] cfDbfgL vf;} ulGtdf x'Fb}g t/ Tof] ;d'bfo klg g]kfndf nufgL ug{ OR5's b]lvPsf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf pgLx?n] ug{] nufgLaf6 clwstd nfe klg g]kfnLn] g} kfpg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 .

k|ltJolQm cfo / ljk|]if0f g]kfnsf] ;/b/ k|ltJolQm cfo *)) 8n/ -cy{ dGqfno, @)!@!#_ eGbf tn 5 t/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x?n] slDtdf tLg xhf/ 8n/ b]lv !$ xhf/ 8n/;Dd cf};tdf sdfO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] Pp6f tYo cfgf] k|ldnf lg/f}nfn] ;g\ @)!$ df tof/ u/]sf] :gfQsf]Q/sf] zf]wkqdf pNn]v u/]sL 5g\ . o;/L ljk|]if0faf6 cf};t g]kfnLsf] cfoeGbf w]/} u'0ff a9L cfh{g x'g'n] klg g]kfn nufot t];|f] ljZjsf] >d j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf cfslif{t ePsf] 5 . o;f] t cfkm"n] sdfPsf] /sdsf] $) k|ltzt hlt /sd h'g b]zdf sfd ug{ hfg] xf] ToxLF vr{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . t/ ar]sf] ^ ) k|ltztn] klg g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf 7"n} dxTj /fv]sf] s'/f xfdLn] :jLsfg{' k5{ .hlt /sd a]nfotL ;]gfaf6 lgj[Qx?n] g]kfn leq\ofO/x]sf lyP pgLx? / pgsf kl/jf/hgn] a]nfot d} :yfoL a;f]af;sf] cg'dlt kfPkl5 uf]vf{sf gfddf cfpg] k]G;gsf] /sd g]kfn cfpg sd ePsf] 5 . o;/L cfPsf] sldsf] osLg u0fgf geP klg w/fgdf ul/Psf] Pp6f gd"gf ;j{]If0fn] o:tf] cfDbfgLsf] &! k|ltzt /sddf lu/fj6 cfPsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .

ljk|]if0fsf] pkof]u 9frf 8f u'? -@)!!!@_ n] u/]sf] Pp6f cWoogn] klg s'n ljk|]if0fsf] pkof]u k|j[lQnfO{ k|:6\ofPsf] 5 . w/fgdf ul/Psf] Ps o:t} ;j{]If0fdf klg o;sf] vr{ k|j[lQdf vf;} tflTjs cGt/ kfOPg . ljk|]if0f cfosf] s'n *) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /sd vfgflkgf / dgf]/~hg d} vr{ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{

ljb]zdf b'Mv kfP/ cfh{g u/]sf] /sd v'g kl;gf aufP/ hf]ufPsf] /sdnfO{ k"FhL lgdf{0fsf] Jofkf/,Joj;fo / pBf]u snsf/vfgfdf k|of]u x'g'eGbf vr{ eP/ hfg] ;fdfgdf vr{ ul/g'n] k};fsf] ;b'kof]u x'g'eGbf klg g]kfnLsf] vr{ ug{] afgLdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] / kmh'n vr{df j[l4 eO To;n] ahf/ efp ;d]t a9\g uPsf] gsf/fTds c;/ klg g]kfnL cy{tGqdf b]lvPsf] 5 .

o;sf] lb3{sfnLg c;/ cy{tGqdf ljk|]if0fsf] k|efj Jofks dfqfdf 5 . Ps lsl;dn] g]kfnL cy{tGq ljk|]if0fdf cfwfl/t kfOPsf] 5 t/ o;/L ul/Psf] e/y]un] bL3{sfndf ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf k"j{fwf/ lgdf{0f h:tf If]qdf nufgLsf] k|r'/ ;+s6 b]vf kg{] vt/f pTkGg x'G5 . Tolta]nf b]zg} cfly{s ?kdf w/fzfoL aGg ;S5 . ljk|]if0f alnof] cfwf/ xf] JolQmut jf kfl/jfl/s hLjg lgjf{xsf] t/ /fi6n] o;df lge{/ /xg] cj:yf Pp6f /fi6sf nflu 7"nf] r'gf}lt jf ;+s6 g} xf] . u/La d'n'sx? cfhklg ljk|]if0fdf lge{/ 5g\ . xfd|f] d'n'ssf] em08} @% k|ltzt cfDbflg a/fa/ t xfdLsxfF ljk|]if0f dfq lelqG5 . r/d dGbLsf] cj:yf pTkGg x'g] xf] eg] ;a} eGbfklxnf a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofn] lylrg] / 7"nf] e'd/Ldf km:g] ;+efjgf klg t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sx? s} xf] .

cGTodf ljk|]if0f clxn]sf] ;fdlos cfjZostf o; cy{df xf] ls xfdL kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ;Sb}gf} xfdL cNk /f]huf/Lsf] kL8faf6 u'lh|/x]sf 5f}F . o;af6 rn]sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] ljsNk tTsfndf xfdL lbg ;Sb}gf} . b]znfO{ cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ug{] Nofst clxn] xfdL;Fu 5}g . a? s]xL ;dosf nflu ;'/lIft uGtJosf] tf/tDo /fHon] g} k|Tofe"t ug{'kg{] 68\sf/f] cfjZotf 5 . bL3{sfndf ljk|]if0fsf] ljsNk :j/f]huf/ cyjf /fi6leq kof{Kt /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{' h?/L 5 . cfO/x]sf] cDbfgLnfO{ 36\g glbg] tTsfnsf s]xL ;sf/fTds sfo{ s'6gLlts 9+uaf6 ug{' cfjZos 5 . rf]/ af6f]af6 lelqg] u/]sf] ljk|]if0fnfO{ klg ;]tf] dfu{sf] Joj:yf ug{] pkfo ;/sf/n] vf]Hg' k5{ . t/, cGttf]uTjf ljk|]if0fsf] k/lge{/tfaf6 d'lQm clgjfo{ 5 .

kmfu'g@)&! 28

df]/sf] sf]]zLx/}Frf gu/kflnsf l:yt lj/f6rf]sdf z+v/ Hj]n;{ OG6/g];gn k|f=ln=n] zfvf lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . s]xL jif{b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] z+v/ Hj]n;{ OG6/g];gn k|f=ln=n] bds, ky/L kl5 t];|f] zfvfsf] ?kdf lj/f6rf}sdf ;'grfFbLsf] ;f]?d vf]n]sf] xf] . /fd|f] nufgL u/L dfkb08 cg';f/sf u'0f:t/Lo / cfs{ifs l8hfOgdf hf]8 lbb}F cfPsf] Hj]n;{n] hgfPsf] 5 . :yfgLosf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ Joj;flos ;kmntf xft kfg]{ p2]Zosf ;fydf ;+rfngdf cfPsf] z+v/ Hj]n;{ OG6/g];gn k|f=ln=df ;'grfFbLsf ;Dk"0f{ u/uxgf, /f;Lcg';f/sf kTy/ / lwtf] aGbsLsf] ;d]t Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . z+v/ Hj]n;{n] s]xL dlxgf kl5 O6x/L / ljtf{df]8df ;d]t cfufdL jif{df O6x/L tyf ljtf{df]8df ;d]t zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] atfpFb} ;'grfFbLsf] sf/f]af/ /fd|f] /x]sf] Hj]]n;{sf ;~rfns czf]s z+v/n] atfP .

z+v/ Hj]n;{

lj/f6rf}sdf P;6L;L k|flnsf] clws[t ljqm]tf sGrgh+uf OG6/k|fO{h]h ;Grfngdf cfPsf] 5 . P;l6;L k|flnsf cWoIf ef]n]Zj/ b'nfn tyf sDkgLsf h]g]/n d]g]h/ ;'/ts'df/n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf pb\3f6g u/]sf lyP . OG6/k|fO{h]hdf P;l6;L sDkgLsf ljleGg ;jf/L ;fwgsf 6fo/x? kfOg] ;+rfns dWo]sf Ps uf]ljGbk|;fb clwsf/L t]x|y'd]n] atfP . u|fxsx?sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ dWogu/ ub}{ :yfgLo 7fpFd} Joj;flos ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ OG6/k|fOh]h ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] xf] . OG6/k|fOh]hdf ljleGg n'la|s]G6\;\, df]6/jfOs,e]g,6|s,6\ofS6/,j;,hLk nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ;jf/L;fwgsf 6fo/ kfOg] ;+rfns /fh]Gb|k|;fb 9sfnn] atfP . %) nfv nufgL /x]sf] ;f] ?ddf ;ft hgf dhb'/x?n] /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf qmlds ?kn] ljsf; ub}{ dd{t s]Gb| ;d]t :yflkt ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 .

s~rgh+ufOG6/k|fO{h]h

la/f6rf]sdf;dfrf/

kmfu'g@)&! 29

cfh ;+;f/sf dflg; Ps csf]{ b]zdf k'u]]sf 5g\ . /f]huf/Lsf nfuL uPsf x'g\ jf cWoogsf nfuL, e|d0fsf nfuL uPsf x'g\ jf Joj;fo ug{ uPsf x'g\ . ;+;f/sf s'g} g s'g} b]z;Fu s'g} g s'g} lx;fjn] xfdL klg ;DjlGwt eO ;s]sf 5f}+ . ljb]z ofqf ug{sf nfuL ;j}eGbf klxnf efiffsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . s] xfdLn] ;j} b]zsf] efiff l;ls/fVg] t < o:tf] klg ;Dej ePg . xfd|f w]/} bfh' efO,lbbL alxgL ljb]z ofqf ubf{ efiffsf sf/0fn] ;d:ofdf k/]sf 5g\ . cfhsf] o'u eg]sf] OG6/g]6sf] o'u xf] ;fy} hLjg ofkgsf nfuL ;+;f/nfO{ jNnf] kNnf] ufpF h:tf] agfpg] o'u xf] . g]kfnaf6 dn]lzof hfg' l5d]sLsf] 3/ hfg' h:tf] eO;s]sf] 5 .

ljZjsf] ;Dks{ efiff aGb}5P:k]/fGtf](Esperanto)

>Lk|;fb kf]v|]nshree_pokharel@yahoo.com

;+;f/sf dflg; gk'u]sf] s'g} b]z 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;j} b]]zsf dflg;n] ;j} b]zsf] efiff l;s]/ klg ;fWo gx'g] . tkfO{+

eGg' xf]nf c+u|]hL efiff l;s] eOxfNof] lg . xfd|f] h:tf] ;fgf] b]zdf t ;o eGbf al9 efiff af]lnG5

eg] s] ;+;f/ el/ c+u|]hL efiff af]lnG5 xf]nf < cx+ la|l6; k|folkx? afx]ssf b]zdf c+u|]hL efiff d'l:snn] dfq af]lnG5 .dflg;n] ;+;f/sf laleGg efiffefifLaLr cfkm\gf rfxgf / cfjZostfn] ljrf/sf]

cfbfg k|bfg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ca xfdLnfO{ Pp6f o:tf] ;Dks{ efiff rflxPsf] 5 ls h;n]

;+;f/nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ ;lhnf]xf];\ . o;f] elg /xFbf s'g} 7"nf] b]zsf] efiffnfO{ cGt{/fli6o ;Dks{ efiff agfcf}+ eGg]

cfpnf . ^)! ;ef;b ePsf] g]kfnsf] ;+;bdf t !# efiffdf ;ky vfG5g\ eg] s'g b]zsf] efiffnfO{ ljZj ;Dks{ efiff agfpg] t kl/jf/n] ca w/fgl:yt jLkLsf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgaf6 ;fdfGob]vL hl6n k|sf/sf] pkrf/ ;]jf ;d]t lgMz'Ns kfpg] ePsf 5g\ . ef/tLo b'tfjf;sf sg]{n dg/fh dfg tyf k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt k|f=8f= ljkL bf; k'; b]f;|f] ;ftf ;f] ;DjlGw ;+emf}tf ePsf] xf] . ef/tsf e'k' ;}lgsx?n] h'g ?kdf ;]jf ;'ljwf kfpg] u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL ;]jf ;'ljwf g]kfnsf ef/tLo e"k"x?nfO{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg] pb]Zon] pQm ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] ef/tLo b'tfjf;sf sg]{n dg/fhn] atfP . o; cl3 e'k' ;}lgsx? Hfl6n pkrf/sf nflu ef/t g} hfg' kg]{ jfWotf lyof] . k|lti7fg / b'tfjf; aLr ePsf] ;+emf}tfaf6 k'jf{~rndf j;f]jf; ug]{ sl/j #) xhf/ e'k' / pgLx?sf cfl>t kl/jf/ ;d]t u/L Ps nfv eGbf a9L nfeflGjt x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf Psnfv %) xhf/ ;]jf lgj[t ef/tLo ;]gf / 5 nfv eGbf jl9 pgLx?sf] kl/jf/sf] j;f]jf; /x]sf]5 . jLkL k|lti7fgaf6 k|fKt x'g] pQm pkrf/ ;]jf g]kfn e/L j;f]jf; ug]{ ;j} ef/tLo e"k" ;}lgs / pgLx?sf kl/jf/n] lng ;Sg] ul/ ;+emf}tf ul/Psf] k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt 8f= jLkL bf;n] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ e"k" ;}lgs / tLgsf kl/jf/sf] pkrf/df nfu]sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ ef/t ;/sf/n] k|lti7fgnfO{ ;f]wegf{ lbg] ul/ ;+emf}tf ePsf] xf] .

ef/tLo e"k"sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ x'g]

!% ut]b]vL ;Grfngdf cfPsf] cfO s]o/df cfFvf ;DjlGw ;j} k|sf/sf ;d:ofsf] lrlsT;lso k/dz{sf ;fy} pkrf/ ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . c:ktfnsf k|zf;g k|d'v k"0f{k|;fb kf]v|]nsf cg';f/ lj/fdLx?nfO{ jlx/+u pkrf/ ;]jfsf] ;fy} km08f]; kmf]6f] - cfFvfsf] PS;/] _, n]h/ ;]jf,/]l6gf hfFr, Un'sf]df- sfnf] df]ltljGb' _ hfFr tyf ;Nolqmof ;]jf pknAw 5 . n]G; :6f/ P :Sofg / n]G; PS;/] - la :Sofg_ ;'ljwfsf] ;fy} df]tL ljGb' nufot ;j} k|sf/sf ;Nolqmof ;]jf pknAw /x]sf] c:ktfnn] cfFvfsf] b[li6 sd ePsf lj/fdLx?sf nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf n]G; ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnsL ;Grfns 8f= :j]tf tfkl/ofn] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ ;]jf lbb} cfPsf] tfkl8of cfFvf c:ktfndf b}lgs Ps;o hgf;Dd lj/fdLnfO{ pkrf/ ;]jf lbg] ul/Psf] k|zf;g k|d' kf]v|]n atfpF5g\ . c:ktfndf g]kfn / ef/tsf ljleGg lhNnfsf lj/fdLx? ;]jf lng cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . df]tLof ljGb'sf] pkrf/nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbb} cfPsf] !% z}ofsf] c:ktfndf z}of ;+Vof a/fa/sf lj/fdLsf] dfq b}lgs ;Nolqmof ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;Nolqmof u/]sf lj/fdLsf] cj:yf cg';f/ Ps /ft;Dd c:ktfndf /fv]/ l8:rfh{ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . c:ktfnn] cfFvf pkrf/ If]qdf ePsf gofF / cfw'lgs k|ljlw k|of]u ul/ ljZj;lgo pkrf/sf] ;'ljwf lbg] nIo /fv]/ sfd ul//x]sf] k|zf;g k|d'v kf]v|]n atfpF5g\ .

aLkL sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg w/fgsf d]l8l;g ljefu k|d'v tyf d'6'/f]u ljz]if1 k|fWofks 8f= k|Nxfb sfsL{ o'/f]lkog ;f];fO6L ckm sfl8{of]nf]hLaf6 ;Ddflgt x'g] ePsf 5g\ . d'6'/f]usf] cg';Gwfg / pkrf/df k'ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ :j?k 8f= sfsL{nfO{ ;f];fOl6n] km]nf]l;k ckm o'/f]lkog sfl8{of]nf]hL ;f];fO6L -PkmOP;;L_ sf] pkflwn] ;Ddfg ug{ nfu\sf] xf] . ;g\ @)!% sf] cu:t @( df n08gdf x'g] o'/f]lkog ;f];fO6L ckm sfl8{of]nf]hL - OP;;L_sf] lbIffGt ;df/f]xdf pgnfO{ pQm ;Ddfg k|fKt x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . jLkL k|lti7fgsf] dfWodaf6 d'6'/f]usf] cg';Gwfg / pkrf/df k'ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ 8f= sfsL{n] o; cl3 ef/t tyf cd]l/sfaf6 o:t} k|sf/sf] ;Ddfg k|fKt ul/ ;s]sf 5g\ .

8f= sfsL{nfO{ o'/f]lkog

;Ddfg

:jf:Yo

kmfu'g@)&! 31

u|fld0f If]qsf o'jfx?nfO{ cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ;xof]u k'ofpFb} ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr a9fpg ;/sf/n] o; jif{ k"jf{Grnsf !$ :yfgdf cfw'lgs ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 .;Grf/ dGqfnon] ;fs{ ljsf; sf]ifsf] sl/j tLg s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofFsf]

cfly{s ;xof]udf ;"rgf s]Gb| ;Grfngdf NofPsf] xf] . ;Grf/ dGqfnon] k"j{sf df]/+usf] la/f6rf}s / sl;{of, emfkfsf] tf]kuf5L / ;'?+uf, Onfdsf]bfgfjf/L / uf]bs, ef]hk'/sf] 3f]/]6f/ / KofpnL tyf vf]6f\sf] vfkf{ / vf]6f\ ahf/df ;]G6/ /fvLPsf] 5 . To;}ul/ ;Kt/Lsf] /fdgu/, pbok'/sf] ;'Gb/k'/, kfFry/sf] uf]bfs / ;+v'jf;efsf] hnhnfdf klg ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb|sf] ;xsfo{df ;Grfng ul/Psf ;"rgf s]Gb|x?sf] /]vb]v / cg'udg k"jf{Grn If]qLo x'nfs lgb]{zgfnon] ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 . Dff]/+usf] lj/f6rf}sdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] pb\3f6g ub}{ k"j{ If]qLo x'nfs lgb]{zs 8u]Gb|k|;fb k/fh'nLn] u|fld0f o'jf tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ;xof]u ug{ ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . ;]jf lgj[t sd{rf/L art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;Grfng ePsf] ;"rgf s]Gb|df tLg dlxg] sDKo'6/ tflnd, sDKo'6/ lk|G6, kmf]6f]skL, Od]n, OG6/g]6 tyf n]ldg]zg ;]jf ;x'lnot z'Nsdf pknAw

;"rgf s]Gb|

u/fOg] ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf /fh]Gb| kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;xsf/Lsf ;Grfns v]dd0fL sfk\mn]n] ;"rgf s]Gb|df pRr Ifdtfsf] ;f]nf/ kfj/ ;d]t h8fg ePsfn] ljh'nL nfOg gePsf] ;dodf klg ;]jf lbg ;lsg] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ s]Gb|af6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?, ckf\, blnt tyf ;]jf lgj[t sd{rf/LnfO{ ljz]if 5'6df ;]jf pknAw u/fOg] 5 . ;Grf/ dGqfnon] ;fs{ ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf x/]s ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ sl/j @% nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf sDKo'6/, lk|G6/, kmf]6f]skL, n]ldg]zg d]l;g tyf kmlg{r/x? pknAw u/fPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .

k"j{sf !$ 7fpdf cfw'lgs

Ps 3/ Ps rkL{ cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kf/f}+ . cfkm\gf] ufpF, 6f]n, ;dfhnfO{ :jR5, ;kmf / x/fe/f agfcf}+ . k|To]s 3/n] lj?jf /f]kf}+ . v'nf lb;fd'Qm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn kf/f}+ / ;dod} JolQmut 36gf btf{ u/f}+ . rf}kfo ;8s jl/k/L 5f8f g5f8f}+, b'3{6gfaf6 arf}+ . 3/, kfvf{n nufotsf s'g}klg lgdf{0fsf sfdx? ubf{ gu/kflnsfaf6 gS;f kf; u/]/ dfq ug]{ u/f}+ .

hGd, d[To", ljjfx, a;fO{;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b h:tf JolQmut 36gf ePsf] #% leq} cfkm' a;]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf uO{ btf{ u/fcf}+ . ;8sdf rf}kfo 5f8f g5f8f}+, b'3{6gfaf6 arf}+ .

sf]zLx/}rf gu/kflnsfsf] cg'/f]w wgs'6f lh=lj=;= sf] cg'/f]w

sf]zLx/}rf gu/kflnsf sfof{nolj/f6rf}s, df]/

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nowgs'6f

kmfu'g@)&! 32

!= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfgf] sfo{ If]qleq / cfgf ;b:ox?;+u dfq sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] x'Fbf cfgf] sfo{If]q leqsf ;b:ox?;+u dfq sf/f]jf/ u/f}+ / ;j{;fwf/0fn] klg cfk"m ;b:o g/x]sf] tyf cfk"m a;f]af; u/]sf] If]qeGbf aflx/sf ;+:yfx?;+u sf/f]jf/ gu/f}+ . @= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;xsf/L P]g @)$*, ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( / ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf btf{, ;+rfng, n]vf k/LIf0f, cg'udg tyf lgodg ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^* cg';f/ ;+rflnt ;+:yf x'g . ;xsf/L ;+:Yffx? a}+s h:tf ljQLo lgsfo xf]Ogg\ . a}+s h:tf] dfg]/ cfk'm ;b:o gePsf] ;+:Yffdf art hDdf u/]sf] v08df cfgf] art hf]lvddf ;d]t kg{ ;S5, o; tkm{ ;r]t agf} . #= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:Yffx?n] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o ;lxt n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bg o; sfof{nodf k]z ug{ afsL eP oyflz3| k]z ug{ x'g tyf cfjlws k|ult k|ltj]bgx? lgoldt?kdf o; sfof{nodf k7fpg x'g hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .$= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;xsf/L ;xsf/LaLr c:j:Yo k|lt:kwf{ x'g] vfnsf] sfd gug{ / ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug{] tyf e|d ;[hgf ug]{ vfnsf lj1fkgx? k|sfzg k|;f/0f ug]{ xf]l8{ af]8{x? /fVg] h:tf sfo{x? gug{ hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . %= ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;b:ox?af6 lgolGqt x'g], k|hftflGqs k4ltsf] cg';/0f ug'{kg]{, kf/bzL{ ;+:Yff ePsf] x'Fbf cfgf] ;+:Yff k|rlnt P]g, lgodfjnL, dfkb08 / ;xsf/Lsf] :yflkt d"No / l;4fGt cg';f/ ;+rfng u/f} . ^= ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?n] cfgf] ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef, ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, ;+:yfsf] ljQLo cj:yf nufotsf ljifodf ;w} rf;f] /fv]/ ;f]wvf]h u/f} . &= ;xsf/L P]g @)$* adf]lhd btf{ ge} ;xsf/L zAb k|of]u ul/ Joa;fo ug'{ u}x| sfg"gL sfo{ ePsf] xF'bf o:tf] k|sf/sf] Joa;fo ;+rfng e}/x]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf o; sfof{nodf ;'rgf ul/ ;xof]u ul/ lbgx'g ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5 .*= k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:Yffx?n] lhNnfsf] ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3 / lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;b:otf lng ;xsf/L dfkb08df clgafo{ AoaZyf ePsf]n] ;f] adf]lhd ;DaGwLt ;+3df cfa4 x'g hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .(= ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;}4flGts / sfg"gL ljifodf a'e\mg' k/]df tyf ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] ljifodf s]xL ;d:of b]lvPdf o; sfof{nodf ;Dks{ u/f} . !)= ;xsf/Lsf] cfbz{ cg';f/ d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kfGt/0fdf ;xsf/LnfO{ kl/rfng u/f} .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno;xsf/L ljefu

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/Lsf] ;"rgf

kmfu'g@)&! 33

nfdf] ;do KofA;g df]/\sf] sfo{;ldltdf /x]/ cg'ej u/]kl5 cWoIf x'g' ePsf] 5 ;+u7gnfO{ s;/L rnfpFb} x'g'x'G5 < ljutsf sfdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} gofF sfo{qmd klg ug{ z'? u/]sf 5f}+ . gofF sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf lk|lG;knx?nfO{ Joj:yfklso bIftf tflnd ;Grfng ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf 5f}+ . To:t} n]vfkfnx?nfO{ n]vfkfng / lzIfsx?nfO{ bIf lzIf0f snf ;DjlGw tflnd ;Grfng ug]{ tof/Ldf 5f}+ . oL sfddf ;/sf/L ;xof]u gkfPklg xfdL cfk\mg} k|of;df ug'{k5{ eg]/ nflu k/]sf 5f}+ . To:t} :s'n a; b'3{6gf x'Fbf x]g]{ ;+3 gePsfn] :s'n j; Joj:yfkg ;+3 u7g u/]/ lhNnf e/Lsf ;+:yfut ljBfnosf a;x? ;+3df cfj4 ug]{ / b'3{6gf nufotsf ;d:of

kf7\ok':tsdf k|sfzsn];f}bfafhL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\

cfOkbf{ kxn ug]{ 5'6\6} ;GoGq agfpFb} 5f}+ . h;n] ubf{ clxn] h:tf] h'g ljBfnonfO{ ;d:of eof] p;}n] ;dfwfgsfnflu bf}l8g gkg]{ x'Fbf ljBfnosf] sfddf jfwf kb}{g eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 . KofA;g sfof{nosf] nflu cfk\mg} ejgnfO{ km/flsnf] :yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{, ljBfnosf k|ltefjfg ljBfyL{x?sf] k|ltefsf] ljsf;sf] nflu nf]sg[To, KofA;g :kf]{6\; nufotsf ljut b]vL rNb} cfPsf sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfPsf 5f}+ . tkfOFsf] sfo{sfndf ug{ vf]Hg'

ePsf gofF sfddf l6dsf] sltsf] ;xof]u xf]nf ]i7 / pnf{jf/Lsf kbdk|;fb l;6f}nf ldn]/ kf]v/fsf] n]s;fO8l:yt nfn'kft] dfu{df 5fAbL xf]6n / Snj Plzof /]i6'/]G6 P08 af/ ;Grfngdf NofPsf 5g\ . !% jif{;Dd stf/df j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf ljtfPsf >]i7 / l;6f}nfn] ;Grfng u/]sf] 5fJbL xf]6ndf sl/j *% nfv ?k}ofF / Snjdf Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . Snj Plzof /]i6'/]G6df b}lgs nfOe Jof08 ;Grfng x'gfsf] ;fy} ljjfx, kf6L{, ;]ldgf/x?sf] nflu ;'ljwfo'Qm xnsf] ;'ljwf ;d]t /x]sf] ;Grfns czf]sn] atfP . 5fAbL xf]6ndf !! cf]6f jftfg's'lnt ;'ljwfo'Qm sf]7fsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ko{6s:t/Lo 5fAbL xf]6ndf g]kfnL, Ol08og, lrlgofF nufot ;j} k|sf/sf vfgfsf kl/sf/ pknAw x'G5g\ . kf]v/f 3'Dg hfg] k"j]{nLx?nfO{ ;x'lnotdf vfgf / jf;sf] ;'ljwf lbOg] ;d]t czf]sn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

kf]v/fdf k"j]{nLsf] xf]6n / Sna

kmfu'g@)&! 41

v]nf8Lx? dWo] $) hgfnfO{ a}zfv ! ut]b]vL Joj;foLs k|lzIf0f lbg] of]hgf agfPsf] gjul7t Ps]8]dLsf ;b:o lbk]Gb| l/hfnn] atfP . Ps]8]dLn] O6x/L gu/If]qdf km'6an v]nsf] ljsf; / J o j ; f o L s t f d f of]ubfg lbg] JolQmTjnfO{ qmdz ;Ddfg ub}{ hfg] lglt agfpg] atfOPsf] 5 .

O6x/L pkdxfgu/klfnsf If]qsf km'6an v]nf8Lx?sf] a'waf/sf] e]nfn] ljdn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b;Lo O6x/L km'6an Ps]8]dL u7g u/]sf] 5 . km'6an v]nsf] Joj;foLs ljsf;sf nflu ul7t Ps]8]dLsf] pkfWoIfdf Zofd dfgGw/ / cg'/f]w yfkf , dxf;lrjdf wgaxfb'/ lnDa', ;lrjdf ljho s];L / sf]iffWoIf lgem{/ >]i7 5g\ . gj ul7t Ps]8]dLsf] ;b:ox?df dfwj sfsL{, tLy{ ofS;f],/fs]z cfn]du/, lgd{n lnDa', lbk]Gb| l/hfn, ;lGbk yfkf / g/axfb'/ /fO{ 5flgPsf 5g\ . Ps]8]dLn] cfufdL kmfu'gdf O6x/L pkdxfguleqsf ;fd'bflos tyf ;+:yfut ljBfno :t/Lo k'm6an k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ug]{ / pQm k|ltof]lutfdf pTs[i6 7x/LPsf ljBfyL{

O6x/L km'6anPs]8]dL u7g

v]ns'b

O6x/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]

cg'/f]w/fdw'lgef;L gu/kflnsfsf]

cg'/f]w

O6x/L pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfof{noO6x/L, ;'g;/L

/fdw'gLef;L gu/kflnsf sfof{noem'Dsf, ;'g;/L

kmfu'g@)&! 42

dflg; cfk\mgf] hLjgnfO{ ;'vdo, cfgGbbfoL / j}ejo'St agfpg k|oTgzLn x'G5 / log} cfsfIf k"0f{ ug{ slt dflg; 3f]l6P/ kl/>d u5{g\ . t/ cfk\mgf ;+3if{sf lbgx em]Nbf em]Nb} hLjg cGTo ug{ k'U5g\ . s]xL dfG5] eg] lgDg :t/af6 ;fdfGo ldlxg]t u/]/ jf gu/L cfFkm'nfO{ u0fgf of]Uo wgf9\osf kdf :yflkt u/fpg ;kmn x'G5g\ . Hof]ltif zf:qn] hGd;dosf cfwf/df To:tf JolQmn] s;/L ;kmntf k|fKt u5{g\ eGg] /x:onfO{ lr/kmf/ ub{5 . of] cfn]vdf To;} /x:onfO{ phfu/ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . Hof]ltif zf:qsf cfwf/df wg, j}ej / ;'v k|flKtsf nflu hGds'08nL /x]sf] wgbfos of]u jf nIdL of]usf]

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#_ z'qm bf];|f] efjdf cjl:yt x'Fbf .t'nf nUg!_ z'qm / s]t' bf];|f] efjdf ;Fu} 5g\ eg] .@_ d+un, z'qm, zlg / /fx'sf] rt'{u|x afxf}+ 3/df xF'bf .j[lZrs nUg!_ a'w / b]ju' kfFrf}+ efjdf /x]/ rGb|df Psfbz efjdf x'Fbf .@_ rGb|df, u' / s]t'sf] b;f}+ 3/df Ps};fy pkl:ylt x'Fbf .wg' nUg!_ rGb|df cf7f}+ 3/df /x]/ ;"o{, z'qm / zlg ss{6 /flzdf a;]sf]

cj:yfdf .@_nUgdf u' / a'wsf], wgefjdf ;"o{ / z'qmsf] Pj+ 5}7f}+ 3/df dun /

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kmfu'g@)&! 43

kmfu'g@)&! 44