ARSENIC ELEMENT IN GEOTHERMAL FIELD IN INDONESIA

By ZAINAL ABIDIN

CENTER FOR THE APPLICATION OF ISOTOP AND RADIATION TECHNOLOGINATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY

ARSENC IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOXICITY

• HAVE ACCUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECT AS CARCINOGENIC

• WHO GUIDE LINE ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER ARE ABOUT 0.005 TO 0.001 PPM

• CAN GIVE EFFECT TO THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM• CAN ACCUMULATED IN SEDIMENTS AND PLANTS

ARSENIC ORIGIN IN GEOTHERMAL FLUID

• ARSENIC (As) IS A UBIQUITOUS COMPONENT OF ACTIVE AND FOSSIL GEOTHERMAL

• ARSENIC EMERGES VOLATELY FROM MAGMA AND OFTEN ACCOMPANIES SULFUR OTHERS METAL EEMENT

• GENERALLY ANDESITIC HAVE ARSENIC CONCENTRATION HIGHER THAN BASALT MAGMA

PRODUCTION FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA EXPLORATION AREA

EXISTING GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN AREA IN INDONESIA

GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

TRACE HIGH ELEMENTAL (As) AND RADIOAKTIVE ALSOMERGE FROM MAGMA

ARSENIC CONTENT IN ROCK AND GOTHERMAL FLUIDS

LOCATIONS AS (mg/kg)

ROCK TYPE As (mg/kg)

STUDI ARSENIC IN HOT SPRINGS IN INDONESIA BY HERDIANITA (ITB . J.Sci Vol 40 no.1 ,2008)

GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS PRODUCTION

STEAM SEPARATION :20 -30 %

NON VOLATILE COMPONEN ENRICH IN BRINE

ARSENIC WILL BE DANGEROUS IN GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION WHEN ALL THE WASTE BRINE WATER NOT REINJECTED INTO REINJECTION WELL

ARSENIC CONTENT FROM WELL PRODUCTION

FIELD LOCATION

ELECTICITY PRODUCTION

As (ppm) in water separtion

As (ppm) in Steam condensate

As (ppm) in well total discharge

LAHENDONG (NORTH SULAWESI

40 Mw 0.182 – 3.724 0.01 - 0. 04 0.165 – 2.70

SIBAYAK (NORT SUMATERA

10 Mw 0.40 – 0.70 0.12 – 0.22 0.40– 0.60

ULUBELU-LAMPUNG

60 Mw (palnning)

0.32 – 5.4 0.01 – 0.66 0.08 – 3.0

STUDY AREA MAP

REIJECTION WELL

PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 4

PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 5

PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 13

RED DOT IS SAMPLES POINT

ARSENIC CONTAMINATION STUDY IN LAHENDONG FIELD

• PURPOSE OF STUDY - TO KNOW HOW FAR THE ARSENIC ION HAVE OCCURRED CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATERA AND SURFACE WATER

PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED IN LAHENDONG GEOTHERMAL FIELD

-LAHENDONG HIGH TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR (300- 320 O

-HAVE HIGH SILICA CONSENTRATION IS ARROUND 600 PPM, NEED COOLING PONDS TO DECREASED SILICA CONCENTRATION

-REINJECTION WELLS NOT ENOUGH TO REINJECTED ALL WASTE WATER TO REINJECTION

SEPARATOR SCRUBBERTURBIN

PLTP

SUMUR INJEKSI

COOLING P0ND

SUMUR PRODUKSI

FLUIDA 2 FASE

JALUR AIR

JALUR UAP

INJEKSI AIR

INSTALASI

JALUR UAP

JALUR AIR

PLNPERTAMINA

ROCK MUFFLER

CAP ROCK

FAULT

MANIFOLD0 m

1000

2000

3000

GENERATOR

HEAT SOURCES

RESERVOIR

CAP ROCK

STEAM FIELD

ALIRAN AIR REINJEKSI

COOLING TOWER

JARINGAN

FLOW DIAGRAM OF FLUIDS PRODUCTION IN LAHENDONG FIELD

10,8-11 Kscg 9,5 Kscg8,1 Kscg

13,8-14 Kscg

REINJECTION IS COOLED SYSTEM

COOLING PONDS SYSTEM

SAMPLING METHODS

• SEPARATION WATER (SPW)• STEAM CONDENSATE• HOT SPRINGS• COOLING PONDS• GROUNDWATER (DUG WELLS) AND LAKES• RIVERS (UPSTREAM AND DOWN STREAM)• SEDIMENT

SAMPLING ACTIVITIES

WELL SAMPLING USING SEPARATOR HOT SPRING SAMPLING

WATER SAMPLING IN COOLING POOL

WATER SAMPLING IN LAKE

WATER SAMPLING IN RIVERS

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING

WELL PRODUCTIONSAMPLE CODE LOCATION TYPE WATER CONCENTRSTION

As (ppm)

LHD-11 CLUSTER 4 SPW (BRINE ) 2.180

LHD-12 CLUSTER 4 SPW 2.260

LHD-10 CLUSTER 4 SPW 0.594

LHD-15 CLUSTER 4 SPW 3.724

LHD-8 CLUSTER 4 SPW 0.650

LHD-5 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.967

LHD-23 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.872

LHD-19 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.182

LHD-18 CLUSTER 13 SPW 0.286

LHD-13 CLUSTER 13 SPW 1.307

DATA OF ANALYSIS RESULTS

Cluster 4

Cluster 5

Cluster 13

POOL COOLING WATER OR DISPOSAL

SAMPLE CODE LOCATION WATER TYPE CONCENTRATION As (ppm)

RL-5 CLUSTER 5 DISPOSAL 4.271

RL-14 CLUSTER 13 CONDENSATE COOLING TOWER

0.134

RL-17 CLUSTER 13 WEIR BOX 0.341

RL-21 CLUSTER 4 CONDENSATE COOLING TOWER

0.018

RL-23 CLUSTER 4 POOL 1.830

RL-24 CLUSTER 5 WEIR BOX 2.575

SURFACE WATER

SAMPLE CODE LOCATION TYPE OF WATER CONCENTRATION As (ppm)

RL-6 KELONG RIVER DOWN STREAM 3.0027

RL-7 KELONG RIVER (US)

UPSTREAM 0.017

RL-8 LINAU LAKE OUTLET 0.364

RL-13 LEILEM RIVER (DS

DOWN STREAM 0.65

RL-18 LEILEM RIVER (US)

UP STREAM 0.049

SEDMENT KELONG RIVER UPSTREAM 0.0023

SEDIMENT KELONG RIVER DOWNSTREAM 0.065

DATA OF ANALISIS RESULTS

GROUNDWATER AND SPRINGSSAMPLE CODE

LOCATION SAMPLE TYPE CONCENTRATION As (ppm)

RL-1 LHD-7 DUG WELL 0.04

RL-3 PANGOLOMBIAN DUG WELL 0.009

RL-9 LEILEM DUG WELL 0.023

RL-12 LEILEM DUG WELL NOT DETECTED

RL-20 TONDANGOW COLD SPRING NOT DETECTED

RL-22 KASURATAN DUG WELL NOT DETECTED

RL-25 TUMATANGTANG HOT SPRING 0.414

RL-2 DANAU LINAU BOILING SPRING

0.017

As CONTOUR IN GROUNDWATER

CONCLUSION

• FLUIDS PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF LAHENDONG GEOTHERMAL FIELD HAVE As CONCENTRATION IS HIGH

• KELONG RIVER AND LEILEM RIVER IN DOWNSTREAM SIDE HAVE EXPERIENCED CONTAMINATION AND ALSO SEDIMENT RIVER

• GROUDWATER AS PEOPLE WELLS HAVE As CONCENTRATION LESS THAN WHO REGUALTED VALUE, BUT SHOULD BE MONITORED REGULARLY

UBL-8UBL-5

UBL-6UBL-720% open

Full open

close

close

Alur Uji Produksi

20”-16”16”-14”

14”-10”

16”-14”

16”-14”20”-16”

silencer

silencer

Rock muffler

10”sch 80

14”-300

Tp

4”-300

14”-300

14”-300

14”-300

14”-300

14”-300

10”-300

14”sch 80

10”-300

14”-sch 80

14”sch 80

10”sch 80

12”-14”

12”-14”

12”-14”

12”-10”

pp

14”-10”

14”-300

14”-300

14”sch 80

14”-300

Tp

14”-300

10”-300

bartonreducer

p pressure gate

T thermometer

valveketerangan

Tp