MI T/ER GOP

- DEPARIMENT_ QOf T.Hf AR4Y FIELD MANUAL

ARMED FORCESCENSORSHIP

(ARMY)QUARTZ1aVA-rfl Tj h QjjlT w

FORT L,.; VA,

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY · APRIL 1955

TAGO 4053C-Mar

FOREWORD

This field manual is designed to supplement the jointregulations known to the Army as SR 380-80-1, to theNavy as ONI-CR-50, and to the Air Force as AFR205-30. The principles, as stated herein, apply to personnelof the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and tocivilians serving with or accompanying any of the aboveArmed Forces.

While this manual is written primarily for the Army,the Navy and the Air Force may refer to it and adaptthe principles and procedures which are applicable. Chap-ter 2, which concerns regulations governing communica-tions, will be essentially the same for all services, butmay likewise be supplemented. At no time will suchregulations conflict with or contradict the basic regula-tions as set forth in SR 380-80-1.

Any suggestions for changes, corrections, and/or re-visions should be forwarded by all users of this manualto the Security Division, the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2,Department of the Army.

AGO 4053C

FM 30-28

FIELD MANUAL~No. 30-28 1

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY.WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 8 April 1956

ARMED FORCES CENSORSHIP(ARMY)

n 1. INTRODUCTIONIo. General ...........

II. U. S. Military postal systemn

R 2. REGULATIONS GOVERN-ING COMMUNICATIONS

n I. Basic regulations __________II. Regulations affecting postal

communications.

III. Regulations affecting cablesand radiograms.

IV. Regulations affecting tele-phone and radiotelephonecalls.

V. Regulations affecting photo-graphic material.

VI. Regulations affecting travel-ers communications.

i 3. ORGANIZATIONn I. Introduction _____________

II. Censorship teams _________.III. Headquarters and adminis-

tration teams.IV. Operations teams ----------

a 4.in I.

II.

.a.rar ph. Page

1-15 316-21 15

22-35 2036-44 29

45-51 38

52 44

53-57 45

58-63 47

64-67 5268-69 5470-93 57

94-96 64

AREA CENSORSHIPGeneral ---------- _-------- 97-105Stamps and forms -- _______ 106-111

6980

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CHAPTE

Sectioi

CHAPTE

Sectio

CHAPTE

Sectio

CHAPTESectio

Paragraphs

Section III. Typical Armed Forces Area 112-122Censorship Detachment.

IV. Postal examination procedure 123-130V. Pictorial examination pro- 131-133

cedure.

VI. Travelers' examination pro- 134-140cedure.

VII. Cable, radio, and telegraph 141-147examination procedure.

VIII. Mail to be microfilmed _ _. 148,149IX. Telephone censorship ------ 150-157X. Reports ._________._____ 158-161

CHAPTER 5. UNIT CENSORSHIP ---- 162-1696. TRAINING -_ ____ ____ 170-177

APPENDIX I. REFERENCES .___________ -----II. STANDING OPERATING -------

PROCEDURE FORARMED FORCES CEN-SORSHIP CONTROLOFFICERS AT WATERPORTS OF EMBARKA-TION AND STAGINGAREAS.

GLOSSARY __

INDEX __

....... 168

…..... 174

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91

97106

109

115

118118129

134146

157158

2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Section L. GENERAL

1. Purpose and Scope

This manual is published as a guide for the useof all Armed Forces censorship personnel engagedin the censorship of personal communications ofthose persons serving with or accompanying theArmed Forces of the United States. This manualsets forth basic procedures and instructions forthe establishment and operation of Armed Forcescensorship from the unit through theater level.Procedure and mechanics set forth herein are de-signed to achieve uniformity of censorship regula-tions for all persons subject to Armed Forcescensorship, and designed to supplement the gen-eral policies and regulations for Armed Forcescensorship contained in SR 380-80-1. There isno attempt to lay down all of the detailed policiesand procedures to cover the varied situations thatthe Armed Forces censor may encounter. Suchdetailed policies and procedures must vary withchanging circumstances in the theater and canbe developed realistically only as day to day ex-perience suggests. Basic policies and regulationsfor the establishment and operation of civil cen-sorship, prisoner of war censorship, and fieldpress censorship are contained in separatemanuals.

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2. Objective of Armed Forces Censorship

a. The primary objectives of Armed Forcescensorship are to-

(1) Prevent the transmission of informationwhich would give aid or comfort to anenemy.

(2) Obtain and disseminate any informationwhich would assist the Armed Forces, orgovernments of the United States andits Allies, in the successful prosecutionof a war.

b. The objective must be accomplished withoutundue delay in the speedy flow of communicationsso vital to the maintenance of good morale amongpersonnel in the Armed Forces.

c. In the event that a censor discovers informa-tion of intelligence value which requires furtherinvestigation, he should refer the information tothe appropriate investigative agency. ArmedForces censorship organization is not an investi-gative agency.

3. Operational Authorities

Armed Forces censorship of the respective serv-ices will be directed through the followingagencies:

a. Department of the Army-Assistant Chiefof Staff, G-2.

b. Department of the Navy-Director of NavalIntelligence.

c. Department of the Air Force-The InspectorGeneral (The Air Provost Marshal).

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4. Command Responsibility

a. In major joint oversea commands, the theatercommander will have overall responsibility forArmed Forces censorship within his forces andthe area under his jurisdiction.

b. In independent uniservice commands not un-der a unified or other joint command, the uniserv-ice force or area commander will be responsiblefor all matters pertaining to Armed Forces cen-sorship within the force or area under his juris-diction.

5. Command Channels

a. In a unified command, the United Statestheater commander will appoint a chief ArmedForces censor who will cause to be promulgatedsuch directives and administrative memorandaas required for the operation of Armed Forcescensorship within the theater. No commandwithin a theater will issue subsequent regulationsat variance with those received from the chiefArmed Forces censor. A chief area censor foreach respective service may also be appointed whowill be the chief Army, Navy, or Air Force areacensor. These chief area censors will be under theoperational jurisdiction of the chief Armed Forcescensor for the command.

b. The commanders of independent uniservicecommands will appoint a chief Armed Forcescensor who will perform the duties, as describedin a above, and will concurrently perform theduties of the chief area censor for his respectiveservice.

aAGO 4065C

c. Commanders of transient forces will insureadherence of elements of their commands to theArmed Forces censorship regulations of the the-ater or area which the forces are transiting.

d. The area censors for the respective servicesserve directly under the chief Army, Navy, orAir Force area censor.

6. Establishmenta. Armed Forces censorship will not be estab-

lished in time of peace unless specifically directedby the President of the United States or by theSecretary of Defense, except as in an emergencymeasure taken by a major oversea commander(the Commander-in-Chief of a unified commandor the Theater Commander) based on conclusiveindications that an outbreak of hostilities isimminent.

b. After a declaration of war by the UnitedStates or an armed attack upon the United States,its territories, or possessions (or areas occupiedor controlled by the United States), the followingprovisions will govern the establishment of ArmedForces censorship:

(1) Within the continental United States.(a) Immediately upon declaration of war,

if the United States is invaded or be-lieved about to be invaded, armedforces censorship will be establishedby order of the Secretary of Defenseand be in effect for all personnel andcivilians serving with or accompany-ing the Armed Forces.

6 AGO 4058C

(b) Armed Forces censorship necessary tomaintain adequate security at all portsof water or aerial embarkation, or atrelated staging areas, will be in effectimmediately and the Departments ofthe Army, Navy, or Air Force, as ap-propriate, will be advised of the es-tablishment thereof. See appendix II.

(c) If the United States is not invaded ornot believed about to be invaded,Armed Forces censorship will not bein effect for individuals and units un-til they entrain for a port of embarka-tion for oversea movement. After theindividuals or units have entrainedfor a port of embarkation for overseamovement, Armed Forces censorshipwill remain in effect until such in-dividuals or units have returned to thecontinental United States or upontermination of censorship by appro-priate authority. If, however, a unitis transferred from one theater of op-erations to another and transits thecontinental United States while enroute, Armed Forces censorship mayremain in effect for those personneland units concerned.

(d) Armed Forces censorship may be putin effect when the military authoritiesdeem it necessary for the maintenanceof security in their installations, andafter approval by the Department of

AGO 4055C 7

Defense. Request will be made by theDepartment of the Army, Navy, orAir Force, as appropriate.

(2) Outside the continental United States.Armed Forces censorship will be con-sidered to be immediately in effect in allland or water areas where persons in orattached to the military services arelocated.

7. CessationArmed Forces censorship, either unit or area,

within or outside the continental United States,will cease upon direction of the Department ofDefense as recommended by the Department ofthe Army, Navy, or Air Force, as appropriate.

8. Scope of CensorshipArmed Forces censorship will be exercised over

communications entering, leaving, or circulatingwithin an area to the extent deemed necessaryby the area commander for the maintenance ofadequate security. The strictness of censorshipregulations will depend primarily on the tacticalsituation in the area and contiguous territory.When an area of active combat becomes inactive,immediate consideration should be given to therelaxation of such regulations. The complete aboli-tion of either unit or area censorship, however,will not be effected except as outlined in para-graph 7.

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9. Area and Unit Censorship

a. Area censorship is that censorship appliedunder competent authority by any of the ArmedForces. It is accomplished by the censorship ofcommunications performed above the unit censor-ship level by qualified personnel specifically desig-nated for such duty by authority of the areacommander. The chief area censor has completejurisdiction and authority to examine all com-munications as set forth in SR 380-80-1. All suchcommunications must be channeled through areacensorship for such censorship action as may bedeemed necessary.

b. Unit censorship is that censorship of com-munications performed below the level of areacensorship by personnel specifically designated forsuch duty by the commanding officer of any unit.Its function is to apply initial censorship to com-munications of military personnel, as provided forby SR 380-80-1, prior to forwarding such com-munications through postal channels.

10. Operation

In joint commands, the theater or other jointcommander may operate Armed Forces censor-ship for the combined services as a single organi-zation. In such cases, area censorship personnelwill be furnished by the respective services on aprorated basis according to the number of per-sons to be served from each of the services. Closecoordination among the services will be estab-lished and maintained.

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11. Jurisdictiona. All personal communications to or from per-

sons in the Armed Forces of the United States andpersons accompanying or serving with the ArmedForces of the United States will be subject toArmed Forces censorship in areas where ArmedForces censorship has been established.

b. Personal communications will be subject toArmed Forces censorship under the followingconditions:

(1) When carried by persons under the jur-isdiction of the United States ArmedForces.

(2) When sent through communication fa-cilities of the United States ArmedForces.

(3) When transmitted outside normal ci-vilian or Armed Forces communicationschannels by means of transportation fa-cilities under the jurisdiction of theUnited States Armed Forces.

(4) When transmitted through channels ofcommunication not authorized by theUnited States Armed Forces.

c. The jurisdiction of Armed Forces censorshipwill not include:

(1) Material, including "Letters to the Edi-tor," prepared by persons in or attachedto the Armed Forces of the United Statesand intended for publication or broad-cast either within or outside the UnitedStates. Such material lies within the jur-isdiction of the field press censorship

AGO 40O3C10

authority designated by the area com-mander.

(2) Communications to or from prisoners ofwar and similar persons held by theUnited States Armed Forces. Such ma-terial is a responsibility of the prisonerof war censorship authority establishedby the area commander.

(3) Communication to or from civilians notattached to the Armed Forces in terri-tory occupied, controlled, or liberatedby the United States Armed Forces. Suchmaterial is a responsibility of the civilcensorship authority established by thearea commander.

12. Censorship Regulationsa. Wherever Armed Forces censorship is es-

tablished, it will be conducted in accordance withthe provisions of SR 380-80-1 and such supple-mentary regulations as the area commander orhigher authority may issue. Except upon receiptof subsequent directive from higher authority,the provisions of SR 380-80-1 will be modified byan area commander only when observance of theseregulations is impossible because of existing localconditions in the area under his jurisdiction.Notice of any such modification with reasonstherefor, will be forwarded to proper higherauthority.

b. The area commander will issue Armed Forcescensorship regulations based upon SR 380-80-1and applicable in the area under his jurisdiction.

11ACO 4051C

Copies of such regulations will be forwarded asissued to the appropriate higher authority, andshould be divided into three parts-

(1) Regulations governing the originators ofcommunications (all personnel).

(2) Regulations governing unit censorshipprocedure.

(3) Regulations governing area censorshipprocedure.

13. Armed Forces Censorship in Allied orNeutral Territory

a. When Armed Forces censorship is to be es-tablished in territory under allied or neutral gov-ernment, the closest possible liaison will be main-tained between United States military authoritiesand the civil and military authorities of that gov-ernment so that all censorship activities may befully coordinated.

b. Certain principles apply to communicationsdestined for or originating with persons undermilitary jurisdiction of the Armed Forces of theUnited States in allied or neutral territory.

(1) Arrangements will be made to affordcomplete censorship control over allcommunications channels under UnitedStates Armed Forces jurisdiction, or un-der allied or neutral civil or militaryjurisdiction. This control will preventthe use of these channels in any mannerprejudicial to the security of the UnitedStates or its allies. One of the channelsof communications which requires close

AGO 4053C

supervision in this respect is the opera-tion of amateur radio broadcasting andreceiving stations. They will be permittedto operate in accordance with agree-ments made between United StatesArmed Forces and the allied or neutralcivil or military authorities.

(2) Mail passing between United StatesArmy post offices and United States postoffices will not be subject to examinationexcept by Armed Forces censorship orby national censorship authority of theUnited States. At no time will ArmedForces mail be subject to civil censor-ship conducted by the United States. Ifan allied or neutral civil or military cen-sorship maintains control over otherchannels of communication, such controlwill include the enforcement of ArmedForces censorship regulations so far asthey are applicable, based upon agree-ments between the United States and theallied or neutral prisoners of war.

(3) Any mail deposited in military postalchannels, which is determined to be toor from a person not entitled to the usethereof, will be made available to theauthorities of the allied or neutral gov-ernment concerned.

(4) Official mail, as defined in paragraph36a, is normally not subject to ArmedForces censorship, and arrangementsshould be made to insure that it will not

AGO 4063C $J

be examined by allied or neutral cen-sorship. Allied or neutral governmentofficial mail will not be subject to UnitedStates Armed Forces censorship.

(5) Requests received from authorities ofan allied or neutral government for thesuppression of information will be grant-ed if practicable and not inconsistentwith the provisions of United StatesArmed Forces censorship regulations.

14. Censorship Stampsa. Armed Forces censorship stamps will be uni-

form and designed as illustrated in figure 1.

PASSED BY 7 aseD

U 10425 S -60927

UNIT EXAMINER

Figure 1. Censorship stamps.

b. Stamps will be numbered serially and will beprocured and distributed by the respective de-partments. Blocks of numbers are allotted to en-able identification of the service possessing thestamp and the issuing department.

Unit Examiners Area Examiner'Stamps St mps

Department of the Army 1-200,000 1-30,000Department of the Navy 200,001-300,000 30,001-40,000Department of the Air 300,001-400,000 40,001-50,000

Force.

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c. Area and unit examiner stamps are discussedin detail in paragraphs 106 and 167, respectively.

15. Forms

All DD forms used in armed forces censorship,Comment Sheets (DD Form 308), Action Slips(DD Form 309), Information Slips (DD Form311), etc., are designed so as to be applicable tocensorship operations on communications fromall persons in the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates. (Pars. 107-111.)

Section II. U. S. MILITARY POSTAL SYSTEM

16. General

One of the most important liaison duties ofarea censorship personnel -is with the U. S. mili-tary postal authorities. The area censorship de-tachments or teams must have close contact withBase Post Offices and other postal organizations.Many problems arise in the handling and thetransferring of mail to and from the Base PostOffices and the area censorship detachments,which may be better solved if each of these or-ganizations understands the operation and dutiesof the other. For this reason, it is essential thatarea censors have a fairly good understanding ofthe operation of the U. S. Army postal system.

17. Organization

a. The Director, Army-Air Force Postal Serv-ice, Washington 25,' D. C., is the head of the jointArmy and Air Force postal service.

AGO os4053C .15

b. Normally, a postal officer is assigned to eachtheater headquarters. He will supervise and co-ordinate all military postal activities, advise thecommander on postal matters, and maintain liai-son with the Post Office Department and withforeign postal administrations.

c. A Base Post Office is the largest militarypostal installation in an oversea area. It is estab-lished in the communications zone or oversea portwhere mail is separated and routed in bulk.

d. A military post office is a branch of a desig-nated United States Post Office, established byauthority of the Post Office Department and acti-vated and operated by the military departmentsto serve military personnel. The term includesArmy and Air Force post offices (APO's) andNavy post offices (NPO's). Its mission is to pro-vide mail service and postal finance service to thetroops it serves.

18. Regulationsa. Mailing the following types of material is

prohibited:(1) All harmful material and cdntainers,

e.g., matches, explosives, etc.(2) Obscene or indecent matter. This per-

tains to printed matter only and not tointimate correspondence between manand wife which is of no concern tocensorship.

(3) Lottery or fraudulent matter.(4) Intoxicating liquors.(5) Firearms capable of being concealed on

the person, with certain exceptions.

AGO 4053C16

b. The Military Postal Service is bound by thesame basic regulations which govern the U. S.Post Office Department. They both have authorityto open certain types of mail, but other types maynot be opened except under certain conditions.First class mail may not be opened, even thoughsuspected of containing unmailable matter. Firstclass mail in the dead letter branch may, how-ever, be opened by those persons specifically as-signed to that duty. Second, third, and fourthclass mail may be opened by postal officials forinspection. (These are postal regulations and notcensorship regulations.)

19. SortingMail is sorted, separated, and tied out accord-

ing to class or category by destinations. Mailsinsufficient in weight to be made up into separatesacks and pouches are normally massed on a BasePost Office for consolidation with similar mailfrom other APO's.

20. Flow of Mail

The normal flow of mail, from the time it iswritten by the addressor until it is received by theaddressee, is as shown in figure 2. The flow ofincoming mail is just the reverse.

21. Obtaining Maila. The Base Post Office can deliver mail sorted

by APO to area censorship for examination. Anadvance notice will be given to the Base PostOffice for requests for mail from a particular

AGO 405eC 17

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0kgl

p l

0~~i

91

B~~~~~~~~~

I

I

a

A

AGO 4058C

I k

1a

1)t.

I

APO. The notice must be received prior to theaccomplishment of the various sortings.

b. An area censorship detachment will be re-quired to examine the mail of a specific unit uponthe receipt of a properly approved request. Mailcomes to area censorship from Base Post Officesand it cannot be delivered by unit because theAPO's, which do the original sorting of mail,make the separations without regard to unit. Toobtain the mail of a specific unit, area censorshipwill contact the particular APO concerned andrequest that the mail of a specific unit be for-warded to the Base Post Office in a separatepacket. The mail will then be delivered to areacensorship.

AGO 4('B5:,: 19

CHAPTER 2

REGULATIONS GOVERNINGCOMMUNICATIONS

Section I. BASIC REGULATIONS

22. Delay of Communications and Exceptions

No communication will be delayed by ArmedForces censorship for more than 48 hours, unlessit is known to contain or suspected of containinga violation of Armed Forces censorship regula-tions, or unless, for security reasons, a specificdirective to impound communications is issued bythe area commander or higher authority. An ex-ample of such a directive might be instructionsto impound all outgoing communications in agiven area for a specified period of time prior tothe launching of a surprise attack. Every effort,however, should be made to reduce the delay to aminimum since the speedy flow of mail is vital tothe maintenance of good morale.

23. Responsibility for Violations

The originator of a communication will be heldfully responsible for any violation of ArmedForces censorship regulations.

24. Penalty for Violations

Any person who evades or violates, who at-tempts to evade or violate, or who assists in the

20 AGO 405C

evasion or violation of armed forces censorshipregulations, promulgated by an area commander,or issued subsequently by the Department of De-fense, will be subject to disciplinary action, in-cluding trial by court martial.

25. Place of ExaminationEvery effort will be made to provide a private

place for the examination of communications. Ac-cess thereto will be restricted to personnel per-forming official duties.

26. Authorized Channels for Personal Communicationsa. No postal facilities other than those provided

by the military postal services will be used bypersons serving with or accompanying the mili-tary services to send or receive personal mail,except when the use of other facilities has beenapproved by the area commander or higherauthority.

b. Personal cables, radiograms, telegrams, ortelephone calls which transit the borders of anarea will be transmitted only through facilitiesapproved by higher authority.

c. Tangible personal communications may becarried by hand, shipped in baggage or in otherpersonal effects, or otherwise transmitted froman area, but must be submitted for censorshipprior to such transmission.

27. Communication With Allied Territory .It is permissible to transmit personal communi-

cations to allied territory when transmission fa-

oAGO 40osC 21

cilities are available and when the communicationswill not pass through enemy or neutral channels.Such communications will be censored on thesame basis as communications to the UnitedStates.

28. Communications With Neutral Territory

It is permissible for personal communicationsto go to or through neutral territory unless sub-sequent transmission to enemy or enemy-occupiedterritory is intended or suspected. The return ad-dress will bear only the writer's name, grade(rank), and service number in care of the ap-propriate area censor. Designation of appropriatearea censor may be obtained by contacting thecensorship representative serving with the majorunit. The sender's normal military return addresswill not appear on the cover on in the contentsof the communication. The contents will not in-clude even general military information, suchas the general geographical location of militarypersonnel or units, but will be confined to strictlypersonal or family matters. Mail to neutral ter-ritory will not be unit censored, but will be cen-sored by area censorship. The possibility thatsuch communications might fall into the handsof enemy agents or enemy sympathizers is everpresent.

29. Communication With Enemy or Enemy-OccupiedTerritory

It stands to reason that personal communica-tions to enemy or enemy-occupied territory are

AGO o4058Cn

prohibited or, to say the least, rigorously con-trolled. There are certain exceptions to this pro-hibition. Mail addressed to United States or Al-lied prisoners of war held by the enemy and cer-tain emergency messages transmitted throughchannels approved by the Department of theArmy are permitted. The Red Cross and otherrecognized agencies fall into this category. Thesender of any message to such territory must notindicate in any manner that he is connected withthe Armed Forces. Such communications will notbe transmitted if they contain any military in-formation. Mail to prisoners of war held by theenemy will be prepared as follows:

a. Mail will be placed in a double cover. Theinner envelope will be addressed to the prisonerof war giving his name, grade (rank), intern-ment serial number, camp number, and country ofinternment. Below this address will be placed therouting point in the United States which has beendesignated by the Department of the Army."Prisoner of War" will be written in the upperleft corner of the envelope, and "Postage Free"in the upper right corner. The writer's name andhis civilian return address in the United States,or one of its territories or possessions, will appearon the back of the envelope.

b. The inner envelope will be placed unsealedin an outer envelope which will bear the normalmilitary return address and will be addressed asdesignated by proper authority. The outer en-velope will be sealed and sent to an appropriatearea censorship installation for examination and

AGO 40s53C 23

forwarding. Mail to United States or Allied pris-oners of war held by the enemy will not be unitcensored, but will be area censored.

30. Privileged CommunicationsReports and other business communications of

certain civilians attached to the military servicemay contain certain classified military informa-tion, the transmission of which is essential forthe efficient performance of their duties. Suchinformation would be censorable in strictly per-sonal communications. Such persons as technicalobservers and members of the Red Cross are inthis category. These communications, however,should confine the mention of classified militaryinformation to such details as are necessary forthe intelligent presentation of the subject matter.Any unnecessary mention of military information,the disclosure of which is prohibited by ArmedForces censorship regulations, is prohibited. Suchcommunications will be handled in accordancewith the following instructions:

a. American Red Cross and Similar Personnel.Members of the American Red Cross and suchother organizations as may be designated byhigher authority, will submit all their businesscommunications which are to be transmittedthrough postal channels or by courier, in properlyaddressed covers, to an appropriate area cen-sorship installation for examination and subse-quent dispatch to the addresses. Business cablesand radiograms will be filed in conformance withArmed Forces censorship regulations in effect in

AGO LonU

the area from which they are to be transmitted.b. Technical Observers and Similar Personnel.

Technical observers and similar personnel work-ing with material and equipment will inclose alltheir business communications which are to betransmitted through postal channels or by courier,in a cover addressed in accordance with currentinstructions, and will then submit them to theappropriate military authority in the area towhich the observer is accredited. Such authoritywill then inclose the communications in a penaltycover for transmission through official channelsto the appropriate higher authority, for examina-tion and subsequent dispatch to the ultimate ad-dressee. Business cables and radiograms will befiled in conformance with Armed Forces cen-sorship regulations in effect in the area to whichthe observers are accredited.

31. Transmission of Official Documentsa. The transmission of the following documents

is prohibited, except in the course of officialbusiness:

(1) Documents which are classified TOPSECRET, SECRET, or CONFIDEN-TIAL. The authorized manner of trans-mitting such documents is set forth incurrent security regulations of the re-spective services.

(2) Documents taken from enemy personnelor found upon occupation of territoryformerly held by the enemy. Such docu-ments are a potential source of intelli-

AGO 4053C 25

gence and will be turned over to an in-telligence officer for disposition.

b. Unclassified documents may, if presented topersonnel as souvenirs, be transmitted as per-sonal communications. Unclassified documentswill be treated as personal communications andwill be subject to normal censorship when trans-mitted outside official channels.

32. Foreign Language CommunicationsUnless otherwise authorized, all personal com-

munications will be in English. Permission to useanother language in personal communicationsmust be obtained by an individual from his unitcommander. The cover of each letter, written in aforeign language, will bear the name of the lan-guage (in English) below the return address.Use of languages other than English in cables andradiograms to the United States will be limited tothose authorized by the chief Armed Forcescensor.

33. Prohibited informationInformation concerning the following topics

will not be mentioned in personal communications:a. Matter or information, regardless of classi-

fication, which might benefit the enemy's military,economic, or political interests; interfere withthe national effort; or disparage the foreign re-lations of the United States or its Allies.

b. Anything furthering enemy propaganda,such as atrocities or misbehavior of United StatesArmed Forces personnel or unfavorable relations

26 AGO 4053C

with the civilians in the occupied territory orwith Allied Armed Forces personnel.

c. Code names or shipping designators.d. Subversive material, including enemy propa-

ganda leaflets and slogans.e. Military intelligence or counterintelligence

activities.f. Escape from enemy, evasion of capture by the

enemy, or the internment or release from intern-ment in neutral territory. Any mention of theroutes of escape or the method of evasion mighttend to reveal the identity of individuals involvedin the networks which have been established be-hind the enemy lines to assist our personnel inreturning to our lines.* g. Identification of casualties to personnel or

materiel prior to official release. This includes thename or identifiable photograph (which includesnames on gravestones or crosses) of casualtiesother than those officially released. Photographscontaining identifying portraits of individuals,other than the originator of the communication,who are not named may be passed if the casual-ties 'are walking wounded or are obviously cheer-ful. This does not preclude the hospitalized orwounded individual from writing about his ownpersonal condition prior to official notificationof the release.

h. False, misleading, unauthenticated, or un-authorized rumors or statements concerning orpertaining to military affairs, matters, or per-sonnel. This would include all mention of proposed

AGO 4063C 27

troop movements, the arrival in an area of highlyspecialized equipment, etc.

34. Prohibited Information Unless Otherwise AuthorizedThe following topics are prohibited informa-

tion unless authorized by the area commander orhigher authority:

a. In theaters of operations, it is customary topermit the mention of such general locations as"Somewhere in Europe," or "Somewhere inFrance." More specific geographical locations aregenerally not permitted.

b. Past, present, or future military operationsor actions.

c. Amount, condition, or description of militaryforces, military aircraft, naval vessels, suppliesand equipment, armament, or state of training.

d. Presence of high ranking military personnelor important officials of United States or alliedgovernments. The presence of such individualsin an area might easily indicate some specific typeof operation about to be undertaken.

e. Mention of detailed meteorological data.Since weather conditions generally move fromwest to east, detailed meteorological data of aspecific region in the United States would enableweather experts to estimate the conditions overcertain European areas within a certain lapse oftime, thus enabling the enemy to plan accordingly.

35. Press Released Information Prohibited in PrivateCommunications

The extent to which the information containedin paragraph 34 may be disclosed will be dis-

AGo 405ac2a

tinctly set forth in regulations issued by the areacommander. Very often, information containedin press and radio releases is not associated withspecific military units, and is more general thanthat set forth in a personal communication. Forthis reason, the fact that particular informationhas been published or broadcast does not authorizethe inclusion of such information in personalcommunications.

Section II. REGULATIONS AFFECTING POSTALCOMMUNICATIONS

36. Extent of Censorshipa. Official Mail. Official mail will not be subject

to Armed Forces censorship except as indicatedherein, and is defined to include the followingtypes of correspondence:

(1) Mail from one headquarters to anotherheadquarters.

(2) Mail between general or flag officers.(3) Mail between a headquarters and a rec-

ognized governmental agency.(4) Mail between a headquarters and an in-

dividual. Such mail may be examined ifthere is cause to suspect that the con-tents are not official.

(5) Envelopes containing official ballots andform requests for official ballots.

(6) Official mail of an allied or neutralgovernment.

(7) Armed Forces courier service material.

AGO 4053C 29

b. Personal Mail. All communications preparedby an individual and not included under the listof official mail will be considered to be personalmail and subject to Armed Forces censorship.

37. Mailing Procedurea. Enlisted Personnel. The mail of enlisted per-

sonnel in the following categories will not be unitcensored, except as outlined in d below: blue en-velope mail; diaries and other similar personalrecords, if permitted; mail addressed to UnitedStates or Allied prisoners of war held by theenemy; mail to neutral territory; and registeredand insured mail. All of the foregoing, exceptregistered and insured mail, will be submittedsealed to a unit censor for forwarding withoutfurther action to an appropriate area censorshipinstallation for censorship. Registered and in-sured mail will be submitted by the sender, orhis duly authorized representative, directly to amilitary post office. All other mail of enlisted per-sonnel will be submitted unsealed to a unit censorfor censorship and sealing. Whenever practicable,packages will be wrapped in the unit censor'spresence after examination.

b. Officers. Personal communications of all offi-cers will at all times be subject to area censor-ship. Such communications will be posted sealed,and will, except as outlined in d below, bear thesignature and grade of the officer in the lower leftcorner of the envelope. Such signature constitutesa certification that the communication complieswith censorship -regulations. Officers'-communica-

30 AGO 405SC

tions, except in the circumstances described in dbelow, will not be subject to unit censorship un-less, in the opinion of the area commander orhigher authority, security so requires it.

c. Civilians. The mail of civilians attached to oraccompanying the Armed Forces will be subjectto area censorship only, unless the area com-mander has made suitable arrangements for unitcensorship of civilian mail (par. 165b). The lowerleft corner of each envelope or package will besigned, by the sender and the envelope will besealed prior to mailing. Exceptions are noted ind below. Such signature constitutes a certificationthat the communication complies with censorshipregulations.

d. Exceptions.(1) Personal communications of all person-

nel, both civilian and military, author-ized to use military postal facilities andstationed on or being transported onboard a ship under the control of theArmed Forces of the United States or ofpersonnel transiting ports of embarka-tion and related staging areas whereverlocated, will be posted in unit letterboxes or other designated receptacles.Before transmittal, such communicationswill be examined and stamped by ArmedForces unit censors and/or censors spe-cially designated by the commanding of-ficers of such ships or establishments.Such communications will be submittedunsealed for censorship and the certify-

AGO 4053C 31

ing signature will not appear on theenvelope.

(2) General officers, flag officers, and com-manding officers of ships, ports of em-barkation, and staging areas are au-thorized to have their communicationspassed without the same being examinedby an Armed Forces unit censor. How-ever, such mail will be subject to areacensorship. These officers will seal theircommunications and certify compliancewith censorship regulations by placingtheir signature and grade on envelopescontaining such communications. Nosuch officer will designate or delegateany person to sign such envelope for him.

38. Addressesa. The return address will be placed in the upper

left corner of the envelope, leaving a left marginof one-half inch to allow for resealing aftercensorship action has been taken. The return ad-dress will consist of four lines, as follows:

(1) Grade or rank, first name, middle initial,and last name of the sender, followed byhis service number. (Name must appearin sender's own handwriting.)

(2) Letter or number and designation of thecompany, squadron, or other organiza-tion through which the sender receiveshis mail.

(3) Designation of the regiment or similarparent organization, if required.

32 AGO 4050c

(4) APO number, in care of the proper post-master.

b. The address will be placed slightly right ofthe center of the envelope. This will allow roomfor a forwarding address, if necessary, and theimprint of the Armed Forces censorship stamp.

c. Postage stamp(s), or the word "Free" (ifauthorized), will be placed in the upper rightcorner of the envelope. If the word "Free" is used,this must also appear in the sender's own hand-writing.

d. For addressing mail to neutral and enemy orenemy-occupied territory, see paragraphs 28 and29.

39. Military Postal Servicea. Use of the military postal service will be

strictly limited to personnel and agencies as out-lined in SR 65-10-5/AFR 182-20 and OPNAV20-P-20 (B).

b. Persons entitled to use the military postalservice will not act as intermediaries for personsnot entitled to the use thereof.

40. Prohibited CommunicationsThe following types of communications are pro-

hibited:a. Solicited Communications. Solicited com-

munications between persons in or accompanyingthe military service and unknown civilianswherever located. This prohibition includes ac-knowledgment cards for gifts from unknown don-ors which contain more than the signature of the

AGO, s4053C 33

recipient of the gift in addition to matter origi-nally printed on the card. The main reason for thistype of prohibition is because the originator of thecommunication is unknown to the person receiv-ing the communication and may well be an enemyagent.

b. Chain Letters or Round-Robin Letters. Com-munications of this type would clog the postalsystem and delay the delivery of authorized com-munications. Enemy agents have been known toemploy such communications in order to obtainorder of battle information.

c. Philatelic Mail. In order to provide expedi-tious handling of regular mail to and from ArmedForces, and to insure secrecy of military opera-tions, the forwarding of philatelic mail for can-cellation to military post offices is prohibited. Re-quests received for the postmarking of philateliccovers will be turned over to the area censor whowill condemn such communications. The trans-mission of small amounts of foreign currency orpostage stamps is permitted, unless such trans-mission constitutes a violation of other ArmedForces censorship regulations. The transmissionof large amounts of postage stamps is a wellknown means for transferring funds to enemyagents wherever located.

d. Confirmation Copies of Cables and Radio-grams. Any cable or radiogram is subject to inter-ception by the enemy. If messages are sent incoded form and confirmation copies allowed to besent in the clear, the code would be compromised.Further, the sending of confirmation copy must

AGO 40s8C

be prohibited in order to avoid divergent actionon the part of cable censorship and postal censor-ship and to avoid revealing censorship actiontaken.

e. Personal Recordings or Transcriptions. Whenpersonal recordings or transcriptions are sentfrom an area outside the continental limits of theUnited States, they fall into this class. TOE forArmed Forces censorship does not include equip-ment for the censorship of personal recordings ortranscriptions.

f. Prisoners of War and Enemy Nationals.Communications between persons serving in oraccompanying the military service and all cap-tured or detained enemy nationals, including civil-ian internees as well as military personnel whoare prisoners of war. There is, however, one ex-ception to this prohibition. A member of theUnited States Armed Forces may correspond withan enemy prisoner of war provided the latter isthe only surviving member of the service person'simmediate family' (parents, wife, child, brother,sister, uncle, aunt, or grandparents). This doesnot preclude the official correspondence betweenauthorized members of the United States ArmedForces and enemy prisoners of war.

g. Other Communications. Maps or diagrams,sketches, drawings, paintings, or other graphicallypresented material if suspected of violating cen-sorship regulations.

41. Diariesa. Due to the fact that private diaries, journals,

and similar personal records kept by persons serv-

AGO 4053C #

ing in or accompanying the military service repre-sent such a constant threat to the security of mili-tary information, the keeping of such documents isdiscouraged. The keeping of diaries may be pro-hibited entirely by the theater or area commanderwithin his command. In any case, diaries will notbe permitted in a combat zone where they are sub-ject to capture by the enemy. If the keeping ofsuch personal records has been authorized by anarea commander, they will not contain any TOPSECRET, SECRET, or CONFIDENTIAL in-formation. Prior to the transmission of such per-sonal records by any means whatsoever from thegeographical limits of an area, they must bepassed by an area censor. They may be sentthrough official channels by area censorshipauthority. When departing from an area or mov-ing into an active combat zone, the owner of adiary or similar personal record will forward itin a sealed cover to the area censorship installa-tion for disposition.

b. Diaries and other personal records which aresent to area censorship will be inclosed in a sealedcover and will be marked substantially as follows:

Private diary of(Name, grade, or rank)

Upon release to(Service number, organization, date)be mailed to

(Permanent civilian forwarding address)

c. Notes or records which are kept by militaryobservers or other persons under military juris-

AGO 4053C36

diction for United States Armed Forces officialpurposes and which contain classified militaryinformation will be properly classified and desig-nated as official. Transmission of such officialpapers will be through official channels only.

42. Blue EnvelopeDD Form 312 may be used in lieu of ordinary

envelopes by personnel when they desire to writea letter of an extremely private or personal na-ture which will not be unit censored. Mail in blueenvelopes is subject to area censorship only. Themethod of distribution of blue envelopes and theextent to which they will be issued to or used bypersonnel will be determined by the chief ArmedForces censor.

43. PostcardsPostcards will be subject to the same censor-

ship regulations as any other mail. Picture post-cards will, in addition, comply with the regula-tions on photographic material as contained inparagraphs 53 through 57.

44. Communications to Prisoners of Wara. Prisoners of War Held by the Enemy. Letter

mail may be sent to United States or Allied pris-oners of war held by the enemy, subject to theregulations contained in paragraph 29.

b. Enemy Prisoners of War. Communicationsbetween persons serving in or accompanying themilitary services and captured or detained enemynationals (civilian internees or military personnel

AGO 4063C 37

who are prisoners of war) are prohibited, exceptin the course of official business and as outlinedin paragraph 40f.

Section Ill. REGULATIONS AFFECTING CABLES ANDRADIOGRAMS

45. GeneralAny cable or radiogram sent in the clear is

available not only to operating company personnelbut is also subject to interception by enemy moni-tors. Information transmitted in this manner be-comes more quickly available to the enemy thanthat sent in any other way. Valuable intelligencemay be obtained by a study of a large numberof cables and radiograms each one of which maybe harmless in itself. Cables and radiograms, here-after referred to as messages, are therefore gen-erally subject to stricter censorship control thanare postal communications.

46. Extent of CensorshipOfficial messages transmitted in the clear over

official facilities will be censored as directed bythe area commander. All personal messages, nomatter how transmitted, will be subject to normalcensorship and are accepted for transmission atthe sender's risk.

47. Types of Personal Messagesa. Expeditionary force messages (EFM) are

flat-rate messages each one of which may containa selection of not more than three of the availablefixed texts.

AGO 4053C8

b. Sender's composition messages (SCM) arepersonal messages sent at regular commercialrates, the text being composed by the sender.EFM and SCM service is available only to or fromlocations specifically approved by higher authority.

48. Filing of Personal MessagesWhen adequate censorship is established in

accordance with the provisions of SR 380-80-1and is in effect at cable and radio transmissionoutlets, authorized personnel may file EFM and/orSCM only at places which are authorized by thearea commander to accept such messages. When-ever a message is released, the releasing censorwill insert in the preamble of the message theserial number of the area or unit Armed Forcescensorship examiner stamp which is assigned tohim. The serial number will be transmitted asthe last element of the message preamble.

49. Prescribed Form for Personal Messagesa. Personal Messages from Oversea Area. Per-

sonal messages from any oversea area will be inthe following form:

(1) Return address (preamble). The returnaddress will consist only of the appro-priate postal code address except when"sans origine" transmission of messagesis directed or approved by higher au-thority.

(2) Address. On messages to civilians, thiswill be a normal address complete enoughto assure delivery. On messages to mili-

AGO 4053C 39

tary personnel, the address will not con-tain any designation of military unitsor organizations but may show name,service number, grade or rank of theaddressee and the appropriate installa-tion.

(3) Text. The text will comply with censor-ship regulations.

(4) Signature. All messages will be signed.Signatures are limited to three wordsonly, two words and one initial, or twoinitials and one word, but in any casewill include the sender's last name. Noindication of grade, rate or rank, mili-tary service number, or military unit ispermitted.

b. Personal Messages to Oversea Area fromUnited States. Personal messages from the UnitedStates to any oversea area will be in the followingform:

(1) Return address (preamble). This nor-mally consists only of the point of originwithin the United States.

(2) Address. At the time of filing, the ad-dress will consist of the addressee's fullname, his service number (if to militarypersonnel), and the appropriate postalcode address. No indication of militaryunit is permitted. The address on mes-sages to members of the American RedCross and the American Field Service,or to other civilians attached to the mili-

40 AGO 4058C

tary service will contain the symbols,"AMCROSS," "AMFIELD," "WARCORRESPONDENT," and "CIV," re-spectively, instead of the service num-oer. Officers and civilians attached to themilitary service may be addressed bytheir official designations in messagesto postal code addresses, provided thatno military unit is mentioned. Typicalexamples are "Commanding Officer,""Special Service Officer," "American RedCross Officer," "Wright AeronauticalTechnical Representative," etc. Personsin the United States desiring to sendpersonal messages (by electrical com-munication) to fleet personnel shouldaddress such personnel in care of theirship, squadron, or unit, and in care ofthe Navy Department communication of-ficer, Washington, D. C., for ships servedby Fleet Post Office, New York; and incare of the Commandant, Twelfth NavalDistrict, San Francisco, Calif., for shipsserved by Fleet Post Office, San Fran-cisco, or Postmaster, Seattle, Wash.

(3) Text. The text will comply with censor-ship regulations.

(4) Signature. The provisions of a(4) aboveare applicable. Certain firms may usetheir own cable address in messages ad-dressed to officers or civilians by officialdesignation, as indicated in (2) abbve.

AO 40s58C 41

50. Prohibited Personal Messages

The following types of personal messages willnot be transmitted unless authorized by area com-mander or higher authority:

a. Safe Arrival Messages. "Safe arrival" mes-sages, identifiable as such, will not be transmitted.

b. Orders for Gifts or Merchandise. Orders forgifts or merchandise are prohibited, except whenauthorized by the area commander and then onlyif sent through the facilities of the Armed ForcesExchange Services. Cable orders for gifts or mer-chandise will not be placed with any foreign firm.Orders for gifts or merchandise could be a pre-arranged code used to evade censorship and re-veal prohibited information. Cable orders for giftsor merchandise placed with a foreign firm wouldreveal individual's geographical location.

c. Service Messages. Messages reporting de-livery or nondelivery of messages to senders oraddresses are prohibited. The telecommunicationsystem used between the United States and over-sea areas is primarily for military purposes andmessages of this type would merely clog thesystem. The delivery or nondelivery of such typemessages may also reveal prohibited informationor censorship action taken.

d. Money Transfers. Money transfers made byelectrical transmission are prohibited, unless asecure method of transmission for such messageshas been arranged by the area commander andapproved by higher authority.

e. Messages to Seaborne Personnel. Messagesfrom persons outside the continental United States

AGO 405C4

to any seaborne personnel of the United States orits allies, whether such personnel is at sea or inports, is prohibited unless approved by the areacommander.

f. Interarea Messages. Messages from one areaoutside the continental United States to anothersuch area are prohibited, unless approved byhigher authority. Messages of this type will nor-mally be disapproved if they transit enemy orenemy-occupied territory.

g. Intermediaries. Persons entitled to use EFMand SCM will not act as intermediaries for per-sons not entitled to use thereof.

51. Prohibited InformationThe following information is prohibited in all

messages transmitted in the clear:a. Preamble. Mention of unit, branch of serv-

ice, ship or installation of the United States orAllied Armed Forces, except that messages tomilitary personnel in the continental United Statesmay be addressed to the appropriate installations.

b. Grade Designation. Grade designations in ad-dresses, return addresses, and signatures may beused only as prescribed by directive of the areacommander and must conform with the provisionsset forth in paragraph 49.

c. Military Service Numbers. Military servicenumbers are prohibited, except as required in theaddresses of messages from the United States tomilitary personnel in an oversea area. See para-graph 49b(2).

d. Postal Numbers. Postal numbers (APO or

AGO 4058C 4

FPO) located in areas from which messages aresent "sans origine" are prohibited.

e. Reference to Cryptographed Messages. Anyreference to cryptographed messages may com-promise the cryptographic system.

f. Mailing Addresses. Mailing addresses of mili-tary personnel outside the United States otherthan by postal number are prohibited. See para-graph 49b(2).

Section IV. REGULATIONS AFFECTING TELEPHONEAND RADIOTELEPHONE CALLS

52. General

If telephone or radiotelephone calls are per-mitted in an area where censorship is in effect,all such calls, both official and personal, whichare made or received by persons under UnitedStates Armed Forces jurisdiction will be subjectto such monitoring and censorship control as thearea commander may deem necessary for themaintenance of security. The same general regu-lations, as contained in paragraphs 45 through 51must be observed in any conversations. Such callsmay be intercepted by the enemy, so censorshipcontrol will be strict. Monitors are generally ableto interrupt conversations to warn of violations,and they can cut off the conversation if violationsare numerous or serious. See paragraphs 150through 157.

44 AGO 4058C

Section V. REGULATIONS AFFECTING PHOTOGRAPHICMATERIAL

53. General

The frequent revelation of classified militaryinformation in unofficial photographic materialis a source of great danger to security. Personstaking photographs for personal purposes shouldguard carefully against including in the back-ground of such photographs any object the de-piction of which would constitute a violation ofparagraphs 22 through 35. The intentional photo-graphing of material, equipment, installations,and any other object or scene which disclosesclassified military information is strictly pro-hibited, except for official purposes.

54. Types of Photographersa. Official. Members of photographic units of

the United States Army, Navy, or Air Force willbe considered official photographers when theyare making photographic records for officialpurposes.

b. Unofficial. Photographers who are accreditedby the Department of the Army, the Navy, or theAir Force and all other photographers, includ-ing members of military photographic units whennot acting in an official capacity, will be consid-ered unofficial photographers for the purposes ofcensorship.

55. Extent of Censorshipa. Official. Official military photographic mate-

rial will not be subject to censorship when in

AGO 4053C 4S

official channels, but appropriate military author-ity in the field will be responsible for the reviewand proper classification of such material priorto dissemination.

b. Unofficial. All unofficial photographic mate-rial, and any such official material as is foundin personal communications, will be subject tocensorship.

56. Use and Processing of Unofficial PhotographicMaterial

a. Use of Cameras. The use of privately ownedcameras is permitted subject to the approval ofthe area commander.

b. Processing of Films and Plates. All exposedfilms and plates which can be processed withinthe area will be developed and printed only asauthorized by the area commander. After proc-essing, developed negatives and prints will becensored and those which are unobjectionable willbe released. Exposed films and plates which can-not be processed within the area will be forwardedto an appropriate area censorship station forsubsequent transmission through official channelsto agencies in the United States designated byhigher authority to process and censor thismaterial.

c. Disposition. When submitting photographicmaterial for processing, each photographer willindicate what disposition he wishes made of thematerial after processing and censorship. Allexpenses incident to the processing and transmis-sion of unofficial photographic material will beborne by the person submitting the material.

AGO 4065C46

d. Facilities. The use of unauthorized facilitiesfor the developing and printing of unofficial photo-graphic material will constitute an evasion ofcensorship.

e. Classification. All unofficial photographic ma-terial which is in an exposed, undeveloped statewill automatically be considered CONFIDEN-TIAL material, unless there is reason to believethat higher classification is warranted, and willnot be transmitted out of an area except throughofficial channels by area censorship authority.This overall classification is applicable only toexposed undeveloped material. Such material willbe classified on the basis of the subject matterafter it has been processed.

57. Prohibited Information

The pertinent provisions of paragraphs 22through 35 will apply to the subject matter of allpictures made by unofficial photographers.

Section VI. REGULATIONS AFFECTING TRAVELERSCOMMUNICATIONS

58. Extent of Censorship

Pouches and other official communications car-ried under proper authority by officially desig-nated couriers will not be subject to censorship,but such pouches and communications will notcontain any personal communications. All per-sonal communications carried by travelers undermilitary jurisdiction, or transmitted in their per-sonal effects, will be submitted to Armed Forces

AGO 4053C

censorship and will be governed by the pertinentprovisions set forth in paragraphs 22 through 35.

59. Jurisdiction of Bureau of CustomsRepresentatives of the Bureau of Customs, pur-

suant to the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917,have the authority to intercept, examine, andmake disposition of all tangible forms of commu-nications entering or leaving the United Statesoutside normal postal channels. Custom regula-tions permit the release, without examination orcertification, only of official communications car-ried by officially designated couriers. Commis-sioned officers will normally be detailed to assistrepresentatives of the Bureau of Customs in thehandling of official communications and classifieddocuments carried by a person under UnitedStates military jurisdiction, but not covered byofficial courier papers.

60. Procedure for Securing Censorshipa. All personal communications which are to

to carried by travelers or transmitted from anarea in personal effects may be submitted forcensorship and return prior to the time of de-parture of shipment, or may be submitted at thetime of departure for censorship by area exami-ners performing travelers' censorship. The for-mer procedure is preferable, since travelers' cen-sorship officers will not have sufficient time tohandle numerous uncensored communications, andwill withhold those which cannot be examinedfor subsequent action and forwarding throughpostal channels.

AGO 4053C

b. The addition of any materialbto a communi-cation which has been returned after censorshipfor transmission outside of postal channels isforbidden. A communication which shows signsof tampering after it has been passed by censor-ship will be reexamined and appropriate disci-plinary action will be taken against the offender.

61. Designation of Official CouriersWhen for official purposes, it is desired to

transmit classified official documents by hand,other than in courier or State Departmentpouches, from one oversea area to another orbetween an oversea area and the United States,the following provisions will govern the designa-tion of such couriers:

a. Official couriers will be designated only byor under the authority of the following: generalor flag officer or higher authority; commandingofficer of a depot, ship, installation, or independentcommand; commandant of a general or specialservice school; chief of a military mission; mili-tary attache; military observer; or officer en-forcing travel control regulations.

b. Appropriate military authority, as indicatedin a above, will prepare a letter "To Whom ItMay Concern" designating a commissioned orwarrant officer of the United States Armed Forces,or a reliable United States civilian of comparablestatus, as an official courier. This letter will iden-tify, by indicating the address and return address,each envelope and package to be carried by thecourier other than on his own behalf. When neces-

AG.O 4053C 49

sary, the letter will be prepared to identify anyother cover in the courier's possession whichcontains classified documents essential to the per-formance of his official duties, but which arebeing carried on his own behalf. Such letters willnot be considered as authorization for the courierto transmit any other material than that spe-cifically mentioned therein. The letter will beshown upon demand to any travel control au-thorities along the courier's route, and will bedestroyed when the courier's mission is completed.No designation of official couriers will be madefor the purpose of transmitting personal com-munications, and no envelope or package coveredby a courier letter will contain any such com-munications.

c. Each letter or package containing classifiedofficial documents to be transmitted under theauthority of an official courier letter will be pre-pared for transmission in accordance with theprovisions of current security regulations. Theoutside cover will be marked "Official UnitedStates Army (Navy or Air Force) Communica-tion Exempt From Censorship" followed by theofficial signature of the authority preparing thecourier letter. The outside cover of official couriermail will, in addition, bear an appropriate addressand return address.

d. The preparation of an official courier letteris not required for the transmission of classifiedtravel orders under the authority of which a per-son is entering or leaving an area.

AGO 4052C

e. None of the provisions of this paragraphwill be construed as modifying Department regu-lations for the operation of any Army, Navy, orAir Force courier system that may be authorized.

62. Travelers' Censorship CertificateAll persons leaving an area may, at the discre-

tion of the area commander, be required to signDA Form 1268-R, Precensorship Certificate (fig.12) stating that they are not carrying on theirperson, or transmitting in their personal effects,any communication or material which constitutesa violation of censorship regulations.

63. Return AddressEach personal letter and package carried by a

person leaving an area, or transmitted in hispersonal effects, other than in his own behalf,will bear the normal return address of the writer.

A(:O 4053CJ St

CHAPTER 3

ORGANIZATION

Section I. INTRODUCTION

64. General

An Armed Forces censorship organization isa group of personnel assigned to an area ortheater for the purpose of carrying out the ArmedForces censorship responsibilities for the area ortheater commander. The Army censorship organi-zation is of a cellular type structure consistingof headquarters and administrative teams of ap-propriate size and the required number of opera-tions teams to insure efficient censorship control.The operations teams are organized into areacensorship detachments. They are located at theestablished gateways and concentration points forcommunications. From the point of view of cen-sorship control, the most important concentrationpoints for communications are the major militarypostal units. Therefore, censorship detachmentsand/or teams are invariably located in the vi-cinity of these postal units, and frequently in thesame building. Since area examiners are requiredat telephone communications centers to monitortelephone calls, and at cable operating companiesto examine cable messages, elements of area cen-sorship detachments are stationed at these points.

AGO 4058C

65. Unified CommandOn the special staff of the theater commander

is the chief Armed Forces censor who coordinatesand supervises the operation of censorship for allservices in the command. The chief Armed Forcescensor is appointed by the theater commander andis not a part of the TOE for Armed Forces cen-sorship organization. The next lower echelon inthe theater censorship organization is the chiefArmy, Navy, and Air Force area censors, here-after referred to as chief area censors. The chiefarea censors are appointed by the senior Army,Navy, or Air Force commander to supervise allArmed Forces censorship activities of his servicein the force or subarea within his respective jur-isdiction. The chief area censor will normally bethe senior officer of the "A" type team (head-quarters and administrative) for the theater.Next in the chain of command are the area cen-sors who are TOE personnel from the "F" typeteams (operations) and they will directly com-mand the various area censorship detachmentsand/or teams. (See fig. 3.)

66. Uniservice CommandOn the special staff of the commander of an

independent, uniservice command, is the chiefArmed Forces censor. The chief Armed Forcescensor supervises all censorship activities in thearea and within the jurisdiction of the uniservicecommander. The ACofS, 0-2, has general staffsupervision over all Armed Forces censorshipactivities. The chief Armed Forces censor is ap-

AGO 4058C 33

pointed by the commander concerned and is nota part of the TOE for the Armed Forces censor-ship organization. Next in the chain of commandis the chief area censor; who will normally be thesenior officer of the "A" type team assigned tothe area. Next in the chain of command are thearea censors who are TOE personnel from the"F" type teams and they will directly commandthe various area censorship detachments and/orteams. (See fig. 3.)

67. Command Authority

The chief Armed Forces censor, the chief areacensors, and the area censors have no commandauthority over unit censors. The unit censor hashis own chain of command, and is directly re-sponsible to his commanding officer. However, heis authorized direct communication with the areacensorship detachment serving his unit.

Section II. CENSORSHIP TEAMS

68. "A" Type Teams (Headquarters andAdministrative)

There are five "A" type teams. (See TOE 30-510A.) Each has a different strength, and isdesigned to serve a prescribed number of in-dividuals. A headquarters and administrativeteam is not authorized for a command havingthree FA (operations) teams or less. This is theonly case in which an Armed Forces censorshiporganization exists without a headquarters andadministration team. The five types of adminis-

Ao 4o53ac54

UNIFIED COMMAND

THEATER COMMANDER

UNISERVICE COMMAND

[ AREA COMMANDER

CHIEFARMED FORCES CENSOR

AREA CENSOR(DETACHMENTSAND/OR TEAMSAS NECESSARY)

Figure t. Armed Forces censorship organization.

AGO 4063C a5

tration teams, and the respective numbers of in-dividuals capable of being serviced by each, are-

a. AA Team-Over 9,000 (4 FA teams) to100,000 individuals.

b. AB Team-100,000 to 200,000 individuals.c. AC Team-200,000 to 500,000 individuals.d. AD Team-500,000 to 1,000,000 individuals.e. AE Team-Over 1,000,000 individuals.

69. "F" Type Teams (Operations)There are three types of "F" teams, each de-

signed to serve a prescribed number of individ-uals. (See TOE 30-510A.) One additional FAteam may be attached to each division or highertactical unit, and to each traveler control pointif authorized by the theater or area commander.The teams attached to divisions and higher tac-tical units are used for liaison purposes betweenthat tactical unit and the nearest chief Army areacensor. They are not attached for the purpose ofexamining communications. They advise the com-mander of the unit to which they are attached oncensorship matters. If FA teams are authorizedfor traveler control points, they will screen alltravelers' communications and will examine, orcause to be examined, all communications whichhave not been precensored. The three types ofoperations teams, and the respective numbers ofindividuals serviced by each, are-

a. FA Team-3,000 individuals or less.b. FB Team-20,000 individuals or major frac-

tion thereof.c. FC Team-100,000 individuals.

AGO 4053C36

Section III. HEADQUARTERS AND ADMINISTRATIONTEAMS

70. General

One Headquarters and Administration Team(AE) will be allocated to each theater of opera-tions containing one million or more individuals.It will provide Armed Forces censorship for thecommand and will administer and control twoor more teams AD, and appropriate operationalteams. Because the AE team is the most completeof all administration teams, the personnel andduties of the personnel assigned to the AE teamare discussed in detail.

71. Chief Area Censor

The chief area censor-a. Supervises the establishment and operation

of Armed Forces censorship as pertains to hisrespective service.

b. Directs the Armed Forces censorship organi-zation of his respective service.

c. Prepares such reports on censorship opera-tions, or on information gained therefrom, as isrequired by, or would be helpful to higher au-thority.

d. Provides necessary instruction for unit cen-sors in the area under his supervision and fur-nishes them with information they may requirefor the proper performance of their duties.

e. Maintains close coordination with postal of-ficers in the area under his censorship jurisdic-tion, and arranges for delivery by the military

AGO 4058C 57

postal services of any incoming or outgoing mailthat is to be examined.

f. Establishes a close check on all communica-tions which may merit special attention.

72. Assistant Chief Area CensorThe assistant chief area censor-a. Acts as the executive officer of the Head-

quarters and Administration Team and generallyassists the chief area censor in the performanceof his duties.

b. Assists in the preparation of such reportsas are required by higher authority.

c. Performs such other duties as are requiredby the chief area censor.

73. Liaison OfficerThe liaison officer-a. Contacts each interested staff and user agency

regarding their informational requirements forincorporation in the subject matter guide.

b. Maintains liaison with United States andother allied postal officers and with civilian postalauthorities in the theater or area.

c. Maintains liaison with other United Statesand allied censorship organizations.

d. Coordinates the liaison activities of the vari-ous area censorship detachments and teams.

74. Chief Pictorial CensorThe chief pictorial censor-a. Plans and establishes an approved method

for the handling and processing of personal photo-graphic material.

AGO oss4053Ca

b. Assists in the preparation of specific regu-lations pertaining to the censorship of photo-graphic material.

c. Coordinates the censorship of photographicmaterial as performed by the area censorship de-tachments and teams.

d. Takes the necessary censorship action on allspecial pictorial material submitted by the areacensorship detachments.75. Assistant Chief Pictorial Censor

The assistant chief pictorial censor assists thechief pictorial censor in the performance of hisduties and the carrying out of his responsibilities.

76. Chief Postal CensorThe chief postal censor-a. Coordinates the functions of the area cen-

sorship detachments within the area, which areengaged in the physical examination and handlingof the mail.

b. Evaluates comment sheets and informationslips to determine overall examiner operatingefficiency.

c. Analyzes postal censorship regulations andnew problems concerning censorship for the pur-pose of formulating current policies to be carriedout by the area censorship detachments.

d. Prepares such reports as may be required byhigher authority.77. Assistant Chief Postal Censor

The assistant chief postal censor assists thechief postal censor in the performance of hisduties and the carrying out of his responsibilities.

AGO 40osac 59

78. Chief Telecommunications Censor

The chief telecommunications censor-a. Plans, develops, and coordinates the methods

for controlling and examining telecommunica-tions.

b. Assists in the preparation of specific regula-tions pertaining to telecommunications censorship.

c. Prepares such reports as may be requiredby higher authority.

79. Assistant Chief Telecommunications Censor

The assistant chief telecommunications censorassists the chief telecommunications censor in theperformance of his duties and the carrying outof his responsibilities.

80. Chief Travelers' Censor

The chief travelers' censor-a. Plans, develops, and coordinates regulations

and procedures governing the processing and cen-sorship of communications and documentary ma-terial carried by travelers.

b. Prepares such reports as may be required byhigher authority.

81. Assistant Chief Travelers' Censor

The assistant chief travelers' censor assists thechief travelers' censor in the performance of hisduties and the carrying out of his responsibilities.

82. Information and Records Officer

The information and records officer-a. Prepares, issues, and maintains the subject

AGO 406S8C60

matter guide, master watch list, and related rec-ords for use by the area censorship detachments.

b. Consolidates the weekly operational reportsof the area censorship detachments into a lessdetailed monthly operational report for submis-sion to the chief armed forces censor.

c. Consolidates the trend and morale reports ofthe area censorship detachments.

d. Coordinates with the liaison officer on mat-ters dealing with the subject matter guide.

e. Prepares such other reports as may be re-quired by higher authority.

f. Maintains the various files as required forefficient operation.

83. Assistant Information and Records OfficerThe assistant information and records officer

assists the information and records officer in theperformance of his duties and the carrying outof his responsibilities.

84. Watch List OfficerThe watch list officer--a. Assists the information and records. officer

in the preparation, issue, and maintenance of themaster watch list.

b. Coordinates with the liaison officer on mat-ters dealing with the master watch list.

c. Maintains a permanent master watch listfile and such other files as are necessary.

d. Prepares such reports as may be requiredby higher authority.

AGO 4063C 61

85. Technical Operations Officer

The technical operations officer-a. Examines all communications referred to him

by area censorship detachments in order to de-tect, interpret, and decipher codes, ciphers, secretwriting, or other forms of concealed messages.

b. Prepares all comment sheets and variousother reports as required.

c. Is responsible for training examiners to rec-ognize indications of the possible presence ofcodes, ciphers, or secret writing.

d. Refers material that cannot be decipheredto the more specialized personnel available in theSignal Corps, Special Activities Division of CivilCensorship, or to U. S. National Censorship.

86. Assistant Technical Operations OfficerThe assistant technical operations officer assists

the technical operations officer in the examinationand treatment of all communications referredto him by area censorship detachments.

87. Administrative OfficerThe administrative officer-a. Maintains the necessary personnel records

pertaining to all military and civilian personnelassigned to the theater censorship organization.

b. Prepares uniform administrative proceduresfor all area censorship detachments.

c. Prepares administrative correspondence andmaintains required files.

AGO 4058C6

88. Assistant Administrative OfficerThe assistant administrative officer assists the

administrative officer in the performance of alladministrative matters.

89. Censorship Supply OfficerThe censorship supply officer-a. Keeps informed of the general 'plan for

Armed Forces censorship in the theater, withparticular attention to such items as size ofr theorganization, number and location of area cen-sorship detachments, and approximate dates uponwhich area censorship detachments will be es-tablished.

b. Determines the requirements for equipment,supplies, forms, and faciiities which'will be neededat the start of operations, and plans the 'actualprocurement of same.

c. Forecasts additional equipment and supplyneeds as operations progress, and plans for andprocures same.. d. Develops plans for acquisition of suitable

buildihg space as needed;

90. Assistant Censorship Supply- OfficerThe assistaht censorship supply officer assists

the censorship supply officer in the'perfornianceof his duties and the carrying out of his re-sponsibilities;

91. Chief Language CensorThe -chief language censor'

AGO 4068C 63

a. Maintains a record of languages that can beread by members of the various area censorshipdetachments.

b. Establishes a workable system for the han-dling and examination of all foreign languagecommunications between the area censorshipdetachments.

c. Coordinates with civil or national censorshiporganizations for examination of uncommonlanguages.

92. Other PersonnelThe other personnel in the AE Headquarters

and Administration Team include chief clerk, as-sistant chief clerk, senior stenographer, chauffeur,clerk typists, senior general clerks, stenographers,general clerks, and light truck drivers. Thesepersonnel are utilized in the various sections ofthe Headquarters and Administration Team asrequired.

93. Other "A" Type TeamsOther "A" type teams have fewer personnel;

however, the duties and responsibilities remainthe same. Some duties will necessarily be com-bined and in some cases individuals will performseveral of the functions which were indicated inthe preceding paragraphs.

Section IV. OPERATIONS TEAMS

94. FA TeamsFA teams are designated and designed to op-

AGO 405C64

erate under special conditions and assume thefunctions and responsibilities as required underthe circumstances.

a. Three FA teams will be authorized for iso-lated commands of 9,000 individuals or less, notcapable of being served by a higher censorshiporganization. Since no headquarters and admin-istration team is authorized, the FA teams mustperform the dual functions of an administrationteam and an operations team.

b. Four FA teams will be authorized for iso-lated commands of 12,000 individuals not capableof being served by a higher censorship organiza-tion. An AA team will be authorized in this caseand will assume its normal administrative duties.

c. Additional FA teams may be attached toeach division and higher tactical unit when au-thorized by the theater or area commander. Theseteams will not examine communications, but willadvise the unit commander on censorship mattersand will act as liaison between the unit to whichattached and the chief area censor.

d. An organization may have one FA team pertraveler control point in addition to computedteam requirements if authorized by the theateror area commander. This team will screen alltravelers' communications and will- examine, orcause to be examined, all communications whichthave not been precensored.

95. FB TeamsThe FB team has the same general duties aild-

responsibilities as the FC team (par. 96).

AGO 4053C

96. FC TeamThe personnel and duties of the personnel as-

signed to the FC team are discussed in detail,because the FC team is the most complete of alloperations teams.

a. Area Censor.. The area censor commands acensorship deta'chment and/or team in a subarea,carries out such responsibilities as are delegatedto him by the chief area censor, supervises theactual, censorship of communications, and pre-pares a schedule for the periodic receipt of mailfrom each unit in the subarea to assure that unitcensored mail will be systematically spot-checkedon dates not known to the unit involved. DA Form6, Duty Roster, will be used to maintain thisschedule, indicating the units in the second column.

6. Assistant Area Censor. The assistant areacensor is the executive of the detachment:andwill' generally assist the area censor in 'the per-formance of his duties: He will: approve and al-locate comment sheets and will directly superviseall operatidiis in'the detachment other than physi-cal exanmination of communications.

c. Chief Examiination.' Supervisoi. There arethree chief examination supeirisors who 'suipr-vise the examination of a class of communica-tions, e.g., postal, pictorial, or telecommunica-tions; spot check reexamine the :wdrk of theexaminers; examine all communications referredto them by the examination supervisor; and makefinal determination on the preparation of com-ment sheets.

AGO 4058C

d. Examination Supervisor. The examinationsupervisor examines all communications referredto him by the examiners and advises the exam-iners as to the specific actions required, maintainsclose supervision over the work of the examiners,and allocates communications to the appropriateassistant examination supervisor for examinationand control of the work flow.

e. Assistant Examination Supervisor. There arefive assistant examination supervisors who su-pervise the examination of one or more types ofcommunication, e.g., officers, unit censored mail,blue envelope, parcel post, etc., and examine allcommunications referred to them by theexaminers.

/. Senior Examiner. There are five senior ex-aminers who examine and advise the examinersin the scrutiny of one or more types of commu-nication, e.g., officers, unit censored mail, etc.,allocate communications to the examiners forscrutiny, and control the work flow.

g. Translator. There are five translators whoexamine, read, and evaluate foreign languagecommunications and other types of communica-tions not in a foreign language, when required.

h. Assistant Translator. There are five assist-ant translators whose duties will be generallythe same as those of the translator.

i. Examiner. There are 12 examiners who willbe utilized in the various sections as required.Each examiner will-

(1) Perform area censorship under the di-rection of the area censor.

AGO 4068C 67

(2) Be responsible for a thorough knowledgeof area censorship regulations. He willbe responsible for the intelligent enforce-ment of censorship regulations and forproper and expeditious treatment of anycommunication which he censors.

(3) Respect the confidential nature of theinformation which comes into his pos-session. He will neither discuss nor dis-close any such information in public orin private, except when making a reportin accordance with a lawful order, testi-fying or submitting evidence pursuantto the order of a duly constituted court,or otherwise acting in the course of offi-cial business in matters pertaining to hisoffice or in the performance of his of-ficial duties. Any person violating thisregulation will be subject to immediatedisciplinary action to include possibletrial by court martial.

(4) Under no circumstances, make any markon or insert any writing in a letter, en-velope, or parcel, except as specificallyrequired in the performance of officialduties.

j. Other Personnel. The other personnel in theFC operations team include clerk typists, a seniorgeneral clerk, and general clerks. These personnelare utilized in the various sections of the opera-tions team, as required.

AGO 4051Cs68

CHAPTER 4

AREA CENSORSHIP

Section 1. GENERAL

97. Responsibility

Each area commander is directly responsiblefor area censorship within his command. Thechief area censor will establish and operate areacensorship as directed by the area commander.The area Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, is chargedwith staff supervision in matters of censorship.

98. Appointment of Area Examiners

Commissioned and warrant officers are author-ized to perform all types of area censorship.Enlisted personnel may also perform all types ofarea censorship under the supervision of an offi-cer. Civilians may perform all types of censorshipunder the supervision of an officer, except theymay not perform travelers' censorship.

99. Censorship Performed by Area Examiners

The following types of censorship will normallybe performed by area examiners only:

a. Cable, radio, and telegraph censorship ex-cept in cases where unit censorship of EFM's isdirected by the area commander. Personal tele-communications to or from ships may, if per-mitted by competent authority, be unit censored.

AGO 4053C 69

b. Telephone censorship.c. Travelers' censorship.d. Censorship of exposed undeveloped film (par.

132).

100. Postal Censorship Performed by Area Examiners

Postal censorship in area censorship installa-tions will include examination of the followingtypes of mail:

a. Officers' mail, diaries, and other similar per-sonal records.

b. Mail of civilians attached to the militaryservice.

c. Mail of merchant seamen and civilian per-sonnel aboard ships operated for the ArmedForces when transmitted through military postalservices.

d. Mail incoming to an area.e. Enlisted men's mail in the following cate-

gories:(1) Diaries and similar personal records.(2) Mail to and from neutral territory.(3) Mail to or from prisoners of war held

by the enemy.(4) Registered and insured mail.(5) Blue envelope mail.(6) Mail referred to area censorship by unit

censors.(7) Unit censored mail requested by area

censorship for spot checking.

101. Supplies and EquipmentAll censorship equipment and censorship sup-

AGO 4053C

plies which are necessary for the operation andwhich are not produced in the field will be requi-sitioned by the area commander through normalsupply channels. They are requisitioned from theport of embarkation (or other supply port) inthe United States that is responsible for supply-ing the area. Filmonized censorship tape, tapedispensers and clamps, X-acto knives, censorshipDD forms, metallic seals for use in sealing mailpouches and for use in travelers' censorship areitems of supply peculiar to censorship. WhenArmed Forces censorship is discontinued, all areaexaminer stamps and filmonized tape will be dis-posed of in accordance, with instructions fromhigher authority.

10i. Disposition of Condemned Materiala. All condemned material will be securely

stored in accordance with current security regu-lations, and only authorized persons will be al-lowed access thereto. Consideration will be givento the requirements for classification and storageof this material in accordance with current se-curity regulations. Condemned material to befiled will be marked with the number of thecorresponding comment sheet. Extreme care willbe taken, especially with reference to permanentcivilian forwarding address, to fully identify suchmaterial so as to expedite its release to the ownerwhen security considerations permit such release.

b. Condemned material will be periodically re-viewed and will be released to addressees if thereis no longer any reason for it being withheld.

AGO 4053C 71

A review of this type will not be done at the re-quest of individual violators. When material isreleased, the original covers and postage will beused. If this is not possible, released material willbe forwarded as official mail. DD Form 309, Ac-tion Slip, will be filled out and inclosed to preventaddressees from questioning long delay in transit.Release of condemned material will be indicatedon the corresponding comment sheet.

c. Regardless of its value, condemned material,the use or existence of which constitutes a vio-lation of Federal statutes pertaining to espionageor security of military information, may be de-stroyed at any time during or after a war pro-viding the area commander or higher authority sodirects. Condemned material, the use or existenceof which does not constitute such a violation, willnot be destroyed; unless such destruction is im-pelled by military necessity, for example, immi-nent danger of capture.

d. An accurate record on DA Form 1269-R,Censorship Extraction Record (fig. 13) will bemaintained in each area censorship installationof all articles which are of value to senders oraddressees and which are withheld from trans-mission as a result of censorship action taken inthat installation. All such articles will be releasedby area censorship if it is determined that thereason for withholding the articles has ceased toexist.

103. Subject Matter Guidea. Preparation. The subject matter guide con-

AGO 4053C

tains the informational requirements of the vari-ous user agencies which are authorized to receivethe Armed Forces censorship reports. It is pre-pared by the information and records officer ofthe "A" type team. Each interested staff agencyin the area is requested to submit a list of thosetopics about which information is required di-rectly to the Armed Forces censorship headquar-ters. This can be accomplished through the liaisonofficer(s). The information and records officerwill carefully study all of the requests submittedand prepare a single consolidation list which isthe subject matter guide. It will contain the maintopics and subtopics which are of interest to theuser agencies. Information requested which isobviously not obtainable through Armed Forcescensorship operations will not be listed.

b. Form. There is no prescribed form by whichthe subject matter guide is prepared; however, itwill normally be divided into two main parts:the subject matter section and the index section.

(1) Subject matter section. The subject mat-ter section is a convenient arrangementof the requirements of all of the useragencies, and grouped into broad sub-ject matter fields, it represents the re-quired material to be reported upon.

(2) Index section. The index section is adetailed compilation of the types of in-formation arranged in alphabetical or-der. The pages of the subject mattersection are listed opposite each item.The user agencies which have expressed

AGO 40S3C 73

interest [in the information and whichare to receive copies of comment sheetsor other pertinent reports are also listedopposite each item.

c. Use. The subject matter guide will be-used byall personnel employed in the actual operationsof area censorship. The distribution of the sub-ject matter guide will not include unit censorship.The subject matter guide will be the basis forreporting information to the interested useragency.

d. Maintenance. The subject matter guide willlose its value if it remains very long as originallyissued. Constant contact must be maintained withall user agencies to assure that their informationrequirements are being properly met by ArmedForces censorship. If at all feasible, these con-tacts will be made by the liaison officer in person.Topics no longer of inter6st will be eliminated,new topics added, and dissemination of uselessinformation stepped.

104. Master Watch List

a. Source of Names. The master watch list willcontain the names and addresses of persons, firms,or organizations about which special informationis desired by user agencies or by Armed Forcescensorship, or whose communications requiresome kind of special handling. Each interestedstaff agency in the area will be requested to sub-mit an accurate list of names and addresses ofthose persons or organizations whose communica-tions will be given special attention. Lists are

AGO 4053C74

submitted directly to Armed Forces censorshipheadquarters. Agencies outside the area will sub-mit their lists through the Department of theArmy or other appropriate channels. All such listsmust be carefully checked for accuracy by the'submitting agency prior to submission. A slightmistake in a name or address may lead to a watchbeing made on the wrong communications, or theproper communications not being screened. Eachagency must furnish adequate justification as towhy the communications of each entry on its listare to be watched. Each agency must also supplyas much background information as possible abouteach entry in order to facilitate better under-standing of intercepted communications on thepart of examiners. This must be done on a con-tinuing basis. Armed Forces censorship head-quarters may refuse to place a submitted nameon the master watch list if insufficient justificationis given for the listing. Area censorship detach-ments may submit names for possible inclusionin the master watch list and, meanwhile, main-tain a local watch list pending the placing of re-quested names on the master watch list.

b. Preparation.(1) When lists from the various agencies

are received, the information and rec-ords officer will carefully screen thenames in order to eliminate duplicationsand eliminate any names for which ac-ceptable reasons for listing have not besupplied. In general, all listings will bedivided into two categories, security list-

AGO 4053C 75

ings and regular listings. Security list-ings contain the names of persons ororganizations whose activities are, or aresuspected to be, inimical to the securityof the Armed Forces of the United Statesor its allies. Regular listings are anyother nonsecurity listings, such as list-ings of organizations or persons whosecommunications are accorded privilegedstatus, e.g., Red Cross, technical advis-ers, diplomats, etc. (par. 105). A systemof watch list symbols or watch list num-bers will be devised, and each name willbe assigned an appropriate symbol. Thewatch list symbol or number will indi-cate the type of listing, the source of thelisting, user agencies interested, generalactivity of the listee, and perhaps a spe-cial disposition for the communication.For example, the watch list symbol couldbe X4/4-16/2/C, with X indicating asecurity listing, 4 indicating that thename was supplied by CIC, 4-16 indi-cating that CIC and CID should receivepertinent information, 2 indicating thatlistee is suspected of sabotage activities,and C indicating that the communicationshould be condemned. Keys to the mean-ing of the symbols will have to be sup-plied to those sections or individualswho must know them in order to carryout their official duties. A watch listidentification number may also be as-

AGO 4053C76

signed to each name, which shows thechronological order in which each namewas added to the master watch list. Itwill serve as a cross reference to thecard file in which background informa-tion for each name is maintained.

(2) After the screening has been completedand watch list symbols and identificationnumbers are assigned to each name, itis considered advisable to log each namein a permanent censorship registry book,DA Form 1266-R (fig. 4) showing theidentification number, watch list symbol,and date of listing. An additional columnwill be provided in which the date ofdeletion of the name from the watchlist can be recorded. DA Form 1266-Rwill be locally reproduced on 8" x 101/2"paper.

(3) The next step is to prepare the masterwatch list to be issued to the area cen-sorship detachments and/or teams. Thename and address of the person or or-ganization appears on the list, togetherwith the watch list symbol and identifi-cation number. Names are always writ-ten with last name first, followed bygiven names and/or initials.

(4) A card file (5" x 8") is maintained bythe information and records officer,which contains a card for each namelisted. This card will contain all avail-able information concerning the listee

AGO 4053C n77

to include pertinent facts gleaned fromexamination of the listee's communica-tions. A similar card is prepared andforwarded to each area censorship de-

c m Rsar sON...e Id.tifi.- I at. i List Dte OI f D Of

tfao_ j e Sm Lt! Llor1 .

M font &ar 1 Mar 5

Figure 4. DA Form 1266-R, censorship registry book.

AGO 4053C

tachment and/or team concerned to aidin the proper handling of interceptedcommunications.

c. Maintenance. The master watch list is sub-jected to continuous review. New names are addedas requests are submitted and appropriate dele-tions are made. Corrections are made as neces-sary, and new information is added to the cardfiles as it is obtained. Generally, names remainon the master watch list subject to a definite timelimit if there is no activity concerning them.Such names are deleted in 60 to 90 days, unlessthe submitting agency has good reason for rec-ommending longer retention. The informationand records officer will issue frequent amendmentsto the master watch list, listing new additions,changes, additional information, and deletions.Appropriate list and cards will accompany eachamendment. Proper entries must be made in theregistry book and cards must be removed fromthe active file when deletions are made. Areacensorship detachments and/or teams are notauthorized to make any changes in the masterwatch list, except as indicated in official amend-ments. They may, however, submit recommenda-tions for changes. Recommendations will includeany supporting data available to the recommend-ing agency.

105. White ListThe white list contains the names of persons,

firms, or organizations whose communicationsare accorded privileged status by appropriate

AGO 4053C 79

authority. Included on the list are those personswho have been accorded a privileged status andwhose communications will not be censored, andothers who are not exempt from censorship butwhose communications will be expedited and re-turned as promptly as possible to postal channels.The white list is usually prepared by the informa-tion and records officer, in accordance with poli-cies established by the area commander or higherauthority. All white list names will be includedon the master watch list, and the symbols willindicate the particular treatment to be accorded.The preparation of the white list, especially theinclusion of privileged names, must be accom-plished with extreme care. Mishandling of privi-leged mail may result in distasteful and embar-rassing consequences.

Section ii. STAMPS AND FORMS

106. Area Examiner Stampsa. Issue. One area examiner stamp will be is-

sued to each area examiner by, or by authorityof, the chief area censor and in turn will be issuedto and used by only those personnel duly appointedto perform area censorship.

b. Classification. Area examiner stamps will beregarded as CONFIDENTIAL material and willbe safeguarded accordingly. The loss, subjectionto compromise, or unauthorized use of a censor-ship stamp will be reported immediately and inaccordance with current security regulations.

c. Transfer. When such a stamp is transferred

AGO 4053C

or surrendered by the examiner to whom it wasissued, a written acknowledgment signed by bothparties to the transfer, or formal advice of sur-render, will be forwarded to the office of issueor record.

d. Use.(1) General. Under no circumstances will

unexamined, unaddressed, or unsealedcommunications be stamped, nor will anarea examiner stamp his own commu-nications. An area examiner who usesa stamp other than the one issued tohim will place his initials legibly belowthe stamp imprint.

(2) Mail. The lower left corner of the ad-dress side of each piece of mail which isexamined and passed by an area exam-iner will bear the impression of an area-examiner stamp.

(3) Communications carried by travelers.Personal communications passed by anarea examiner to be carried by travelerswill bear the area examiner stamp and,in addition, will be stamped on all seamsand sealed so that any subsequent tam-pering with such communications willbecome evident.

107. DD Forms 308 and 308-1The DD Form 308 is the original of the com-

ment sheet. The DD Form 308-1 is the duplicateof the comment sheet. The forms are used by anarea examiner for quoting extracts from, making

AGO 4053C 81

comments about, and indicating disposition of, acommunication.

a. When Prepared.(1) Comment sheets will be prepared by an

area examiner whenever code, cipher,secret writing, etc., is discovered orsuspected; whenever there is evidence ofan evasion or attempted evasion of cen-sorship; whenever examination disclosesinformation which would assist theArmed Forces, or governments of theUnited States and its allies in the suc-cessful prosecution of the war; when acommunication is condemned; and when-ever corrective action on violations isdeemed desirable.

(2) The extent to which comment sheetswill be prepared in instances other thanthose mentioned in (1) above must bedetermined at the discretion of the in-dividual examiner, or in accordance withthe local SOP of the censorship detach-ment.

b. How Prepared.(1) Accurate completion of each comment

sheet form is essential. Such forms rep-resent the principal means by which in-formation obtained through censorshipis disseminated to other agencies andmay also be used as a basis for theinitiation of disciplinary action wherewillful violation of censorship regula-

tions is apparent.

AGO 4053C

(2) Comments will be brief and concise andall pertinent information will be clearlystated. Information may be summarized,but in most cases direct quotations shownin quotation marks are preferable. Anyrelated factual information which isknown to the examiner but not containedin the communication will be set forthin an examiner's note at the end of thecomment sheet. Such information mightbe derived, for example, from other com-ment sheets or information slips on filewhich were prepared from previous com-munications to or from the writer of thecommunication in question.

(3) The general subject on which a commentis to be made should be stated in a con-cise descriptive line, capitalized, andpreceding the body of the comment.Standardization of subject headings ineach censorship area must be achievedas quickly as possible after the start ofoperations. This may be done by issuingto all examiners a subject matter guide(par. 103) which will outline subjectheadings and the types of informationto be reported under each. This stand-ardization will facilitate proper alloca-tion and accurate filing of commentsheets. If comment is to be made on sev-eral subjects contained in a single com-munication, each subject should be givena proper heading.

AGO 4058C 83

(4) Allocation of the comment sheet anddisposal of the original communicationwill always be shown on each commentsheet. Previous censorship actions on

CONRENT]AL ......CO3MEQT SHEET

330th Aird Forces Cen.orship Dtehtnt APO B/| /55/,X

Chicago, Ill., USA ADO 00Nebw Tor, Q. Y.

Ietter 9 J.3 55 Englibh

15 Jan 5 40 U0 l

NQ~~~onea ~ ~ ~ Passed

Sender states she has _4da ncaeay urgent r noney

wlln send - Po. ,op recivr is ble to -tily it tnU

tone., exined in ovr letier, Aidch 3v the _ap arrivd

hnd1-a 7 withont oennrship artion.

__ __lUP 01

suk-A-& -

0E155s21E0

DD, ~,, 308

Figure 5. DD Foru J08--comment sheet.

AGO 4053C

- - " .. .......... ........ CUFME

communications of either the writer oraddressee will be indicated.

(5) After preparation, all comment sheetswill be classified CONFIDENTIAL orhigher in accordance with current se-curity regulations.

c. How Allocated.(1) Original. The original of each comment

sheet will be retained in area censorshipfiles.

(2) Action copy. Action copies will be sostamped and will be distributed asfollows:

(a) In cases where the initiation of dis-ciplinary action is desired, certifiedtrue copies of pertinent commentsheets will be prepared and forwardedto the appropriate military authori-ties. The method of allocation of suchaction copies within an area will bedetermined by the area censor.

(b) If action on a violation cannot becompleted locally because the violatoris under the jurisdiction of the com-manding officer of another area out-side the continental United States, ac-tion copies will be forwarded throughchannels to the appropriate area com-mander.

(c) If action on a violation cannot be com-pleted in the field because the violatoris under the jurisdiction of a commandin the continental United States, ac-

AGO 4058C as

tion copies will be forwarded to TheAdjutant General, Washington 25,D. C.

(3) Information copy. All information copieswill be so stamped. The allocation of in-formation copies of comment sheetswithin an area will be determined by thearea commander. Information copies willbe forwarded to higher authority onlywhen information of more than a localnature is reported and would assist theArmed Forces, or governments of theUnited States and its allies, in the prose-cution of the war, or when the chiefArmed Forces censor considers that acase is of sufficient importance to bereferred to higher authority for infor-mation.

108. DD Form 309

The DD Form 309 is the action slip. This formis used by an area examiner in making remarksrelative to censorship action in the nature of-

a. Return to Sender. When censorship is vio-lated to any appreciable extent because of whatthe area examiner believes to be the sender'signorance of the regulations or when minor vio-lations are too numerous to be excised, mail willbe returned for rewriting. DD Form 309, ActionSlip, will be filled out, inclosed, and the stampimprint, "Returned to Sender by Area Censor-ship," will be placed across the address. The re-marks section will include a brief summary of the

AGO 4053C86

violation with reference to the appropriate para-graphs of the regulation(s) violated.

b. Extraction of Inclosures. Inclosures, such asphotographs, maps, and classified documents,which violate censorship and do not lend them-selves to excision, will be extracted and con-demned. DD Form 309, Action Slip, will be filledout in duplicate, one copy will be retained in areacensorship files and the other forwarded withthat portion of the communication which is to bepassed. For identification purposes, the copy re-tained by the area examiner will bear the dateof examination and the address and return ad-dress which appear on the communication.

c. Missing Inclosure. When examination revealsthat an inclosure mentioned in a communicationis missing, the examiner will fill out DD Form309, Action Slip, in duplicate. Preparation anddisposition of this form will be the same as inthe case of an extraction of an inclosure.

d. Delay. Mail containing information which isobjectionable at the time of examination, butwhich will soon cease to be so, may be delayed fora short period of time with the concurrence of thechief Armed Forces censor. This action is not tobe confused with any impounding of communica-tions as explained in paragraph 22. DD Form309, Action Slip, will be prepared and inclosedwhen delayed communications are released.

109. DD Form 310When Armed Forces censorship is in effect, this

form will be available to all military personnel in

AGO 4053C 87

DDZ t,,309

Figure 6. DD ForTm S9O-Sction slip.

order to expedite and facilitate personal corre-spondence.

110. DD Form 311

The DD Form 311 is the information slip.a. When Prepared. Information slips are used

by the censorship detachment in the preparationof trend and morale reports which are forwardedthrough appropriate channels to the area com-mander. These reports may indicate to the areacommander the reactions of military personnelto mess, housing, mail, training, promotions, com-bat conditions, recreation, and other phases ofmilitary life, and they may be of real assistanceto the commander in the correction of undesirableconditions which may exist in the area. The chiefArmed Forces censor will specify subjects onwhich information is desired, and the area ex-aminers will prepare DD Form 311, InformationSlip, whenever a communication contains perti-nent information.

b. How Prepared. Accuracy is extremely im-

U... ICCS.CC. S..lACTION SLIP

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AGO 4053C88

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DD,, ~o' 310 _REVERSE SIDE

Figure 7. DD Form 310, postcard.

portant in the preparation of information slips,inasmuch as they may be incorporated in reportswhich may be the basis for command action. Re-marks should be brief and a direct quotation fromthe communication is desirable. Subject headingswill be used in the same manner as in the prep-

AGO OSS4053C 89

aration of comment sheets as indicated in para-graph 107b. After preparation, information slipswill be classified CONFIDENTIAL or higher inaccordance with current security regulations.

GOHRODUL., ...,..., -...... ., ,

INFlONAT ION SLIP

23toh uo or isu 6 20 ews', 19"5Dtae]ent AL3 O O

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Figur6 8. DD Fom 311, information tlip.

c. Disposition. Information slips are for use inthe preparation of trend and morale reports onlyand are not disseminated to persons or units out-side of the censorship organization.

111. DD Form 312, information slip

DD Form 312 is the blue envelope. It is avail-able to personnel for use as the cover for a com-munication of a personal nature, when authorizedby the chief Armed Forces censor (par. 42).

AGO 4053C90

Figure 9. DD Form 312, blue envelope.

Section III. TYPICAL ARMED FORCES AREACENSORSHIP DETACHMENT

112. General

Several "F" type teams may be grouped to-gether and assigned to function as an area cen-sorship detachment. It will be the responsibilityof the area censor to weld the teams into asmoothly functioning censorship detachment. TheArmed Forces censorship detachment will ac-complish its mission by obtaining the com-munications to be examined, checking the com-munications against the master watch list, sortingthe communications and distributing them to the

AGO 4053C 91

r----

RETURN TOSENDER

L----.

Figure 10. Flow of mail through an area censorshipdetachment.

92 AGO 4053C

examiners, examining the communications andeliminating information which violates security,extracting information of value to the UnitedStates or its allies, delaying or condemning ob-jectionable or questionable material, placing thebalance of the communications back into trans-mission channels as quickly as possible, and pro-viding for and maintaining records on all censor-ship actions taken by the detachment.

113. Flow of Mail Through Area CensorshipThe normal flow of mail through an area cen-

sorship detachment is as shown in figure 10.

114. OrganizationThe censorship detachment is commanded by

an area censor (par. 96a). The censorship de-tachment has an executive officer who acts as theassistant area censor (par. 96b). The remainingpersonnel are assigned to sections as applicable.The sections may be combined or operate sep-arately. A typical detachment has seven sections.Each section is charged with distinct duties andresponsibilities. These duties and responsibilitiesmust be performed whether or not the detachmentoperates as a combined unit or as separate sections.

115. Information and Records SectionInformation and records section-a. Issues and maintains the subject matter

guide.b. Issues and maintains the master watch list

and related records.

AGO 40653C 93

c. Maintains files on condemned material; in-formation slips; valuables log; registered and in-sured mail receipts; photostats and photographsof communications and material; action slips, toinclude missing inclosures and extracted inclo-sures; operational reports, to include operationalreports and volume of production records; otheradministrative items as considered necessary;and comment sheets. Comment sheets are filed byoriginal copy; serial number; title; alphabeticallyby name of addressee; alphabetically by name ofaddressor; and alphabetically by name of thirdparties mentioned in the comment sheet, if con-sidered of sufficient importance.

116. Receiving and Dispatching SectionThe receiving and dispatching section will re-

ceive the mail from the military post office andtransport it to the area censorship detachment.The mail is weighed to determine the approximatenumber of communications received by the areacensorship detachment. This is based on an aver-age of 40 letters to the pound. From the receivingand dispatching section the mail goes to the sort-ing, watch list, and distribution sections. Whencensorship action has been completed, it will bereturned to the receiving and dispatching sectionand thence to the APO for forwarding to the ad-dressees. This section is also charged with mainte-nance of vehicles and other duties related thereto.

117. Sorting, Watch List, and Distribution SectionThe mail is received by this section from the

AGO 4053C94

receiving and dispatching section and accom-plishes the various sortings. Each area censor-ship detachment may include in its SOP a differ-ent system for sorting.: however, it is normalthat first the mail is sorted alphabetically by ad-dressor and each addressor is flashed against themaster watch list. The mail is then sorted alpha-betically by addressee and each addressee isflashed against the master watch list. It will thenbe sorted by class of mail, e.g., officers, blue en-velope, unit censored, etc., and distributed to theappropriate examination section. This section willbe responsible for maintaining the master watchlist compiled from the information received fromthe chief area censor.

118. Postal SectionThis is usually the largest section of the area

censorship detachment. It may be divided intoseveral subsections in order to perform the vari-ous examination functions pertaining to all typesof mail. The types of mail examined by this sec-tion will include parcel post, civilian, officer, for-eign language, neutral country and prisoner ofwar, unit censored mail, V-mail, blue envelopemail, registered and insured mail, incoming mail,and such special mail as diaries, Red Cross officialmail, technical observer mail, individual travelorders, and watch list mail.

119. Travelers SectionThis section will be organized so it may func-

tion at any point through which travelers enter

AGO 4063C 95

or leave an area under the control of the ArmedForces. The section will be organized to functionon a 24-hour basis. The section will screen andcheck all travelers who are under the jurisdictionof the Armed Forces to ascertain that area cen-sorship regulations are complied with.

120. Pictorial SectionThe personnel of this section will normally be

located at the approved laboratory where theamateur photographic material is processed aswell as in the area censorship detachment in orderto examine photographic material which may befound in personal communications.

121. Telecommunications SectionThis section will censor cable, radio, telegraph,

and telephone communications. Cable, radio, andtelegraph examiners are usually located in theoperating company's office in order to expeditethe examination of such type communications.Telephone monitors, of necessity, operate at thetelephone company's office, as the monitoringequipment is located at the operating company.

122. Physical LayoutMuch consideration will have to be given in the

prior planning for location and physical layoutof an area censorship detachment. The space re-quired is equivalent to about 100 square feet perman. Physical security of the building is requiredas the operation will be classified CONFIDEN-TIAL. It is preferable to have the whole operation

AGO 4053C96

on one floor because of the weight and volumeof mail. This will minimize handling. Excellentlighting, both daylight and artificial, is required.Adequate ventilation and heat are also desirable.It is best to have a loading platform or other sep-arate entrance to the receiving and dispatchingsection. Parcel post section should be located nearthe receiving and dispatching section because ofthe size and weight of the parcels which mustbe handled.

Section IV. POSTAL EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

123. General

In the performance of his duties, a postal ex-aminer will be guided by censorship regulationspublished by the Department of Defense, regula-tions promulgated by the area commander, andthe SOP of the area censorship detachment towhich he is assigned. These publications will out-line the basic principles and procedures to befollowed by the examiner in his examination func-tion. The examiner is personally responsible forthe evaluation of information contained in a com-munication, and must exercise good judgment ineffecting proper censorship action on a commu-nication.

124. Official MailOfficial mail will be handled in accordance with

paragraph 36a. Such official mail as is routedthrough area censorship may be checked to assurethat the sender does not violate censorship regu-

AGO 405oC 97

lations. In addition, area examiners will be alertto detect possible evasion of censorship by use ofofficial covers for personal correspondence.

125. Personal Maila. When an examiner examines postal commu-

nications, his first step is to check both the returnand the forwarding addresses. One important ruleto be constantly observed is that only one com-munication will be opened at a time. The obviousreason is to prevent the possible mixing of in-closures from one or more envelopes. After theexaminer has scrutinized the envelope, he nextopens it by slitting along the left side with anX-acto knife or other sharp instrument, and re-moves the contents. Care should be taken not tomutilate the contents, postage stamps, or returnaddress. He then removes all blank sheets of paperand tissue linings. By holding the empty envelopeup to strong light, it is then possible to note ifthere has been anything written underneath thestamp, under the flap, or between the seams. Thecontents will then be further examined for vio-lations of area censorship regulations.

b. Each examiner will maintain a log on DAForm 1267-R, Censorship Valuables Log (fig. 11)of all currency, coins, money orders, checks, orother valuables which are inclosed in correspond-ence. The reinclosure and sealing of such valu-ables will be witnessed by a second examiner.DA Form 1267-R will be locally reproduced on10½" x 8" paper and bound in suitable fastenersfor permanent record.

AGO 4053C98

AGO 4058C

126. Action on Outgoing Mail After Examinationa. Pass. If the mail does not contain any viola-

tion of censorship, it will be sealed and thecensorship stamp imprint will be affixed.

b. Excise. When a few words or short phraseswhich constitute violations of censorship are dis-covered, the examiner will remove them with anX-acto knife or any other sharp cutting instru-ment; the mail will then be passed. All excisionswill be destroyed by burning. An excision whichis extensive enough to make correspondence un-intelligible is never warranted. In this case, thecorrespondence is condemned or returned tosender for rewriting. Excision must be completeenough, however, to prevent reconstruction ofthe excised violation. No excisions will be madeon postal money orders, legal or notarized docu-ments, bonds, certificates, etc., when the validityof such forms would be destroyed thereby. Forexcision of V-mail, see paragraph 149.

c. Return to Sender. (Par. 108a) Accomplishedwhen violations are too numerous to excise orviolations appear to be a result of ignorance ofthe regulations.

d. Extract. (Par. 108b) Inclosures which vio-late censorship regulations are extracted andcondemned.

e. Missing Inclosure. (Par. 108c) Accomplishedwhen examination reveals that an inclosure men-tioned in a communication is found to be missing.

f. Delay. (Par. 108d). In some cases mail maybe temporarily delayed by order of the chiefArmed Forces censor.

AGO 4053C100

g. Photograph or Photostat. If, for use in evi-dence or for any other purpose, an examinershould decide that an exact record should be keptof mail which he examines, he will have the mailphotographed or photostated. He will certify onthe back of each reproduction:

I hereby certify that this photograph (photo-stat) is a true reproduction of a document exam-ined by me

(Date of examination)Name:

(Signature of examiner)GradeRateRank

h. Condemn. Mail which contains serious or re-peated violations of censorship regulations andthose prohibited communications listed in para-graph 40 will normally be condemned.

i. Special Action.(1) Technical operations. Mail which is sus-

pected of containing code, cipher, or se-cret writing will be referred to the tech-nical operations officer who is properlyqualified to examine such mail. In theabsence of such qualified personnel, thistype of mail will be forwarded to theSignal Corps for examination, testing,deciphering, and return to censorship.Mail of this type which cannot be de-ciphered nor developed in the field willbe sent to higher authority for furtheranalysis and disposition.

AGO 4053C 101

(2) Diaries. All diaries and similar personalrecords which may not be examined andpassed by area censorship, because ofthe volume, lack of time, or personnel,will be forwarded through official chan-nels to the United States and to a placedesignated by higher authority, for ex-amination. Diaries will be released orcondemned on the basis of the informa-tion they contain. Diaries and similarpersonal records containing classified ma-terial or information affecting securitywill be condemned. Excision in diariesand other similar personal records will bemade only in exceptional circumstances.

(3) Privileged communications. Businesscommunications from members of theAmerican Red Cross or similar organiza-tions which are submitted to area cen-sorship (par. 30) will be examined forthe purpose of excluding all military in-formation which is not essential to thebusiness being reported. If, after suchaction, classification is still required, thecommunication will be classified and pre-pared for dispatch in accordance withcurrent security regulations. Each com-munication so classified will bear thefollowing notation: "This document con-tains information affecting the nationaldefense of the United States within themeaning of the Espionage Laws (Title18, U.S.C. Sections 793 and 794). The

AGO 4053C102

transmission or the revelation of itscontents in any manner to an unauthor-ized person is prohibited by law." Thelower left corner of the cover of such acommunication will bear the statement,"Certified Official Red Cross Mail," ora similar statement, and will be stampedwith an area examiner stamp. This state-ment and the stamp impression will ap-pear on the inner cover when a CONFI-DENTIAL or higher classification ne-cessitates transmission in a double cover.

(4) Individual travel orders. Travel orderswill be withdrawn from personal mailand returned to issuing organization.

(5) Incoming mail. Incoming mail will beacted upon in the same manner as out-going mail except that no mail will bereturned to sender.

(6) Resealing mail. Only the tape providedfor use in the Armed Forces censorshipwill be used for res6aling. Care will betaken not to completely cover the postagestamps, not to make the return addressillegible, and not to lose or mix commu-nications or inclosures. When mail ispassed for transmission outside of au-thorized postal channels, careful reseal-ing is necessary in order to prevent un-detectable addition of uncensored ma-terial to a letter or package.

AGO 4053C 103

127. Examination Steps and Techniques for Parcel Posta. The outside surfaces of parcels are examined

for any possible violations of censorship regula-tions in the address, return address, stamp, orother portions of the parcel.

b. The parcel is opened, the paper wrapping isremoved, and it is examined in its entirety. Card-board boxes must be carefully opened and exam-ined outside as well as inside.

c. The contents will be neatly removed andexamined article by article. If items are wrappedseparately, these wrappings will also be examined.

d. If a letter or other writing has been insertedin a package, it will be referred to a mail examiner.

e. Any valuables contained in the parcel willbe recorded by the examiner in the valuables log.

f. If the examiner suspects code, cipher, orsecret writing, if he discovers writing in a for-eign language, or if he is not equipped to examineall or part of the contents for technical reasons,he will attach an interoffice memo to the parcelon which he will state the reasons why he can-not complete the examination and forward the par-cel to the Chief Postal Examination Supervisor.

g. The parcels will be closed and forwarded asfollows: The examiner will place all items notextracted (or an action slip for each extracteditem) in the box or wrapping paper, making sureto pack the individual articles in a different orderfrom the one in which they were originally ar-ranged. This prevents the transmission of a codethrough special arrangement of the articles. Theparcel will then be adequately rewrapped and

AGO 4058C104

sealed with censorship tape. Care will be takenso as not to cover the stamps. If the parcel is tobe passed, the examiner will affix the censorshipstamp imprint to the lower left corner of the ad-dress side of the parcel. If the parcel is to be re-turned to sender, a stamp stating "Returned toSender by Chief Area Censor" will be placedacross the address.

128. Examination Techniques of Civilian MailMail originating from merchant seamen, tech-

nical observers, Red Cross personnel, and all otherattached civilians who are subject to ArmedForces censorship will usually be examined bypersons designated by the Chief Postal Examina-tion Supervisor. The action taken on these typesof communications and examination techniquesare described in paragraphs 125 and 126i (3).

129. Examination Techniques for Prisoner of War MailMail addressed to United States or allied pris-

oners of war held by the enemy will be carefullyexamined and analyzed to insure that the contentsdo not contain any military information, even tothe extent that the writer is in any way connectedwith the Armed Forces. No such evidence what-soever will appear on the inner envelope or itscontents or any place in or on the part of thecommunication which will eventually be forward-ed to enemy territory. Mail suitable for releasewill be sealed in the inner envelope. The outerenvelope will be sealed and stamped in the normalmanner, and forwarded through channels desig-nated by higher authority. Mail that does not

AGO 4058C 105

comply with censorship regulations will be re-turned to sender.

130. Examination Techniques of Other Mail

The techniques used in the examination of of-ficer, unit censored, foreign language, V-mail, blueenvelope, and registered and insured mail are out-lined in paragraph 125. The techniques used in theexamination of mail to a neutral country are out-lined in paragraphs 28 and 125.

Section V. PICTORIAL EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

131. GeneralThere are two basic types of photographic ma-

terial-that which is official and that which isunofficial.

a. Official Photographic Material. This consistsof all the material produced by members of photo-graphic units of the U. S. Armed Forces actingin an official capacity and for official use. Officialphotographic material will not be subject toArmed Forces censorship unless it is found inunofficial channels of communication.

b. Unofficial Photographs. Unofficial photo-graphs are of two types-

(1) Those intended for personal use only.This type of photographic material is theconcern of Armed Forces censorship.The area censorship detachment will ex-amine photographs for evidence of se-curity violations with respect to thetheater as a whole. Examiners will de-

106 AGO 4058C

termine if there is anything in the photo-graph itself which violates security regu-lations. Unit censorship will examinedeveloped photographs primarily withrespect to the unit. An example would beto determine whether the identificationof a unit with the scene depicted on thephotograph violates security.

(2) Those intended for publication. Photo-graphic material intended for publica-tion is subject to field press censorshipand does not fall under the jurisdictionof Armed Forces censorship. Such photo-graphic material will be forwarded tofield press censorship for appropriateaction.

132. Unofficial, Undeveloped Photographic Material

a. All exposed, undeveloped photographic ma-terial will be treated as CONFIDENTIAL mate-rial unless it is believed that the informationcontained therein requires higher classification.

b. As much undeveloped photographic materialas possible will be processed and censored withinthe area in which it was exposed. Civilian labora-tories employing properly cleared personnel, orlaboratories staffed with military personnel maybe authorized to process such material. The proc-essing by a civilian laboratory of any materialknown to contain SECRET information will beclosely supervised by an officer. In an area wherethere are no facilities for developing ordinaryblack and white film from still cameras, security

AGO 4058C 107

may be severely compromised if the handling ofexposed, undeveloped film is not carefully con-trolled. In such an area, it may be necessary forthe area commander to prohibit or restrict theuse of cameras.

c. Except for material subject to field press cen-sorship, undeveloped photographic material whichcannot be processed within the area in which itwas exposed will be sent in a cover marked "Ex-posed Film" through official channels to agenciesin the United States designated by higher author-ity for processing, censorship, and disposition.

d. Under no circumstances will area examinersstamp exposed undeveloped film.

e. If upon careful examination an area exam-iner determines roll film has not been exposed,it may be passed without further censorshipaction.

133. Unofficial, Developed Photographic Materiala. Developed photographic material will be ex-

amined for violations of area censorship regula-tions. Particular attention will be paid to thebackground area of these pictures.

b. Censorship action will be taken as in thecase of regular postal examination (pars. 123-130), except that excisions are permitted in mo-tion picture film only. When excision of motionpicture film would be extensive enough to destroycontinuity, the entire film will be condemned.

- c. Each print passed in the course of transmis-sion from an area will bear the imprint of a unitor area examiner's stamp. Other photographic

AGO 4053C

material outgoing from an area and which is notsuitable for stamping will be passed only undersealed cover bearing either a unit or area ex-aminer's stamp. The impression of a unit or areaexaminer's stamp will not appear on any photo-graphic material which remains in the area aftercensorship. There is a possibility that captions orother inscriptions could be added to materialbearing an examiner's stamp which in itself, orin combination with the subject matter, may con-stitute a censorship violation and would not ordi-narily be passed.

Section VI. TRAVELERS' EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

134. Personnel Subject to Travelers' Censorship

Members of all branches of the Armed Forces;members of the Armed Forces of allied nationsattached or assigned within the theater; membersof the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and similarsocial or relief organizations; merchant seamen orcivilians attached to the Armed Forces; news-paper reporters or correspondents; and all otherUnited States or Allied civilian personnel thatare serving with or accompanying the ArmedForces to include such persons who may enter,leave, or pass through points of entry operatedby the Armed Forces of the United States aresubject to travelers' censorship.

135. Persons Not Subject to Travelers' Censorship

All general and flag officers of our own or al-lied nations, high ranking civilian officials from

AGO 4053C 109

our own or allied nations, official State Depart-ment couriers, officer couriers from the ArmedForces Courier Service, members of Congress orother civilians classified officially as VIP's, andhigh ranking religious dignitaries will not be sub-ject to travelers' censorship. The members of thestaff or other personnel accompanying exemptedpersons are subject to examination by the travel-ers' censor.

136. Items Subject to Travelers' CensorshipAny and all material carried or shipped by the

traveler which has not been previously examinedand is not covered by a precensorship certificate(DA Form 1268-R) is subject to Armed Forcestravelers' censorship. Articles violating customsregulations are to be confiscated and disposed ofaccording to existing directives. Articles to beconfiscated will most probably include unauthor-ized weapons, ammunition and explosives, inflam-mable materials such as cleaning fluid, openedbottles of liquor, all forms of plant life, and photosof any equipment or material of a classified na-ture. Certain other types of articles may be im-pounded rather than confiscated. Impounded itemsare returned to the traveler when the articles nolonger constitute a security violation. These itemswould include diaries and notebooks, negativesand undeveloped rolls of film, and any other itemthat cannot be examined before the traveler leavesthe theater. Articles may be either retained untilthe cessation of hostilities or forwarded to the

AGO 40530110

traveler after censorship examination has beencompleted.

137. Procedure on Part of TravelerBefore leaving his parent organization, the

traveler will report to his local area censorshipdetachment for clearance. At that time all per-sonal communications will be submitted for ex-amination. After all communications have beenthoroughly examined and sealed, the examiner willcomplete a precensorship certificate (DA Form1268-R) in duplicate which will list items ex-amined and passed. The censor will note on DAForm 1268-R, the method of travel, date, pointof expected departure, final destination, and theexpected date of arrival of the traveler. This copyis retained by the censorship detachment. If thetraveler arrives at the airbase or POE withouthaving been previously subjected to precensorshipexamination, the examination may be performedby travelers' censorship section at the point of de-parture. Travelers' censorship will not, however,have sufficient time to examine any great volumeof material and individual items too numerous forspot censorship will be retained for censoring andbe subsequently forwarded to the traveler. A num-bering machine will be used, if one is available,to identify each preexamined item by stampingboth the item and the precensorship certificatewith the same number. This is done at the time ofexamination. The precensored items will be sealedby the area censor so as to preclude the additionof uncensored material.

AGO 1053C 111

138. Procedure on Part of Travelers' Censor

If the traveler has a precensorship certificate,it is sufficient to merely check each item on thecertificate against the items which the travelerclaims are covered by it. The censor will insurethat none of the items has been tampered withand that nothing has been added. He further in-sures that the numbers on the items and the cer-tificate correspond. If the examiner suspects in-dividuals of not submitting communications forexamination, he will convey his suspicions to CIDor CIC personnel at the control point, and requestthat a physical search be made of the suspectedindividual and his accompanying baggage. Trav-elers' censorship personnel do not have authorityto conduct searches. Duty examiners will also re-quest that all unaccompanied baggage be searchedfor communications. Usually this will be done bythe duty examiners in the presence of the CID orCIC personnel.

139. Travelers' Censorship Certificate

DA Form 1268-R, precensorship certificate (fig.12) will be used in preparing the travelers' censor-ship certificate. One original and only one copywill be prepared. One copy will remain with thearea censor issuing the document and the otherwill be retained by the traveler. Copy retainedby the area examiner will contain name, destina-tion, and known route of travel, estimated depar-ture, and arrival at destination. DA Form 1268-Rwill be locally reproduced on 8" x 101/2" paper.

AGO 4053C

eLt 0 _ Firnt .- Iiddle Ii ede Il.r

onon ieta of travel Stiate at tatiztedsnive

I certify that I haos reed the cnhp reeultai that ely in this eatr sodtht I hayb sataed '1 tsle t.oeial, incldio lettr.s, I be dlarLes, pic-tures., pls persn pe, otes, repors, ad an oher rit en prlnted lttlrIn =i possessiont tthears or tra e ip lties t i er eaInatl. Ifroe cea i fy that baea ds ot cntaln such ateial t cen-

ored r sealed, nor - Ilnpossetiofsepmoaeoreatilarlonbehtalfof athird party do :haverestted = tocryShchtrial ot ofthls theaer. Ia1 frher erea that dislplir sciln t l o ta l againlt - i I do Iot clywith cership redlgati. a only aittlteril t.ht I e that as co beSeale by cohip eA oral of ute frllin: Curret trav r de, Idati-rleatlo Card , .ael Ticket, sge C teck, Iey, tad ectoak.

Ite folla l, pac.e Is lett, parcols, bage, tic., hae bn efie. 0rdpaa sa b th Area Cneoor ov seald f tro.esiouocot of thi 'later.

;: All uspd paces ust he lied cot in i. i ay rs or che will derthis docunt vrii, ad all t rial ot e resorhted fir cesrlip.

DA lr= 182-fR, 1 ar1 5

Figure 12. DA Form 1268-R, precensorship certificate.

140. Extraction RecordWhen filling out DA Form 1269-R, extraction

record, (fig. 13) care must be taken to assure thatthe name, grade, service number, and forwarding

AGO ¢05UC 113

address are correct so that impounded items maybe forwarded as expeditiously as possible. Thisrecord is used whenever a traveler has in hispossession any items requiring censorship clear-ance but which, due to the time element involvedor lack of examining facilities required, cannotbe processed at the time the person is leaving theterritory. It must be explained to the traveler thatthe material or documents will have to be im-pounded until they can be examined and passed.When the material has been examined, it will beforwarded to the traveler at the address he hasgiven as his destination. Only those items thathave actually been impounded are itemized. DAForm 1269-R is prepared in duplicate and theoriginal is retained with the impounded articles.The duplicate is given to the traveler so that hemay have an official record of the items which

a ld erlt d 1op L&gtint .iD. Ies do tertI l lto rb eoWrdd to: tUpoorn

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lby (Rani.,) r le d

by Y r rer Ds n

m i~t. 0269-I, 1-i|: I0 cwrrri flr*

Figure 13. DA Form 1269-R, censorahip extraction record.

AGO 4053C

were taken from him. DA Form 1269-R is usedfor the extraction record. DA Form 1269-R willbe locally reproduced on 8" x 5" paper.

Section VII. CABLE, RADIO, AND TELEGRAPHEXAMINATION PROCEDURE

141. Official MessagesOfficial messages of the Army, Navy, or Air

Force (encoded or in the clear) will not normallybe subject to Armed Forces censorship.

142. Personal MessagesThe extent to which incoming and outgoing

EFM and SCM are to be censored will be deter-mined by the area commander. All personal cableand radio traffic leaving the United States is cen-sored prior to transmission.

143. Comment SheetsComment sheets will be prepared and allocated

in the manner set forth in paragraph 107, exceptthat when a message is condemned, its entire textwill normally be shown on the comment sheet.

144. Examination of Messages-Messages will be examined for violations of the

pertinent provisions of area censorship regula-tions. Unsual or excessive use of EFM or SCM byany one sender will be investigated.

145. Action on Outgoing Messages Prior to Transmissiona. Pass. If there is no violation of censorship

regulations, the area examiner will affix his stamp,

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being careful not to obliterate any part of themessage, and will return the message to the oper-ating company for transmission.

b. Delay. Messages may be delayed (par. 108d).c. Delete. Minor violations may be deleted if the

sense of the message is not destroyed. This will beaccomplished by omitting them in retyping themessage.

d. Paraphrase. Paraphrasing may be used toprevent the possibile transmission of open codein a suspicious message. Paraphrased messageswill, if possible, contain the same number of wordsas the original.

e. Condemn. Messages containing serious orwillful violations of censorship regulations will becondemned. Messages which show strong evidenceof code or cipher will also be condemned (par.102).

f. Cancel. When a message contains a violationwhich is believed to be unintentional, the messagewill be canceled. The reason for cancellation willbe explained to the sender and he will be permittedto correct his mistake.

g. Return to Operating Company. When a mes-sage is incorrect as to form, or when it is badlygarbled in transmission, the message will be re-ferred to the operating company for correctionthrough a service message to the office of origin.If the message contains additional violations whichreturn to the operating company would not cor-rect, the message will be canceled.

h. Privileged Communications. When businessmessages of certain technical observers and those

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of members of the American Red Cross and simi-lar organizations come to the attention of areacensorship, they will be examined for the purposeof excluding all military information which is notessential to the business being reported. If, aftersuch action classification is still required, the mes-sage will be submitted to the proper military com-munications facility with a request that such mes-sage be encoded and transmitted. '

146. Action on incoming Messages After ExaminationIncoming messages will be examined in the same

manner as outgoing messages except incomingcables or radiograms will not be canceled or re-turned to operating company; and, if an incomingmessage is undeliverable as originally addressed,repeated attempts to reach the addressee by elec-trical means will not be made if the security oftroop movements is involved. Such a message willbe forwarded through the military postal services.If delivery cannot be made by any means withoutendangering security, the message will be turnedover to the nearest chief area censor for con-demnation and destruction. Nondelivery will notbe reported to the sender.

147. Information About Censorship ActionExcept when an outgoing message is canceled or

returned to the operating company, no informa-tion concerning censorship action will be fur-nished. All complaints which result from censor-ship action will be referred by the operating com-panies to the chief area censor or to higherauthority.

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Section VIII. MAIL TO BE MICROFILMED

148. General

Microfilm mail or V-mail was developed duringWorld War II and found to be satisfactory. Suchform of correspondence may be permitted in thefuture wherever facilities are established for itsuse. The examination of V-mail or similar materialis far less complex than the examination of ordi-nary or regular mail. It permits handling of a fargreater volume of mail by individual examiners.

149. Examination TechniquesIf the V-mail is to be microfilmed, then no

actual excisions will be made in the material tobe censored. The prohibited information will bedeleted by obliterating the portion to be censoredwith India ink, thus rendering the material illegi-ble when microfilmed. If the V-mail letter is notto be microfilmed, then excisions will actually bemade. Care must be taken not to damage the paperso as to make transmission by ordinary meansimpossible. In the event that the process of exci-sion mutilates the communication, then the com-munication must be returned to sender eventhough the violation is of a minor nature.

Section IX. TELEPHONE CENSORSHIP

150. General

When telephone or radiotelephone calls are per-mitted in an area where censorship is in effect, allcalls, both official and personal, placed or received

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by persons under United States Armed Forcesjurisdiction will be subject to monitoring and cen-sorship control. Censorship control will be strict assuch communications are extremely susceptible tointerception.

151. Telephone Censorship Personnel

The number of monitors required in a telephonecensorship installation will depend upon the num-ber of monitoring positions to be manned, and thenumber of shifts of examiners which are required.Examiners are needed to maintain a continuousspot check of those calls which may be completedwithout censorship approval and avoid interfer-ing with the flow of calls which must have cen-shorship approval prior to completion. The hoursof the day during which the operating companyprovides service may influence the latter. Thenumber of toll observing sets which in turn willestablish the number of monitoring positions, canbe determined only after a decision has beenreached as to the extent to which the existingtelephone circuits, with or without rerouting, willbe covered. Supervisory personnel are required,particularly in the handling of calls which requireapproval prior to transmission. Permanent moni-toring equipment may be installed originally bySignal Corps personnel, but telephone censorshiporganizations must have trained personnel as-signed who are capable of installing, operating,and maintaining such equipment, both in perma-nent installations and in mobile units. Personnelfor other telephone censorship functions will be

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provided for, based on the volume of telephonetraffic handled.

152. Regulations for Caller

When public use of telephone circuits is per-mitted for persons subject to Armed Forces cen-sorship, appropriate regulations governing suchuse will be promulgated by the area commander.Armed Forces censorship will not be responsiblefor determining the types of service allowed northe individuals and/or territories with which com-munication is permitted. Armed Forces censorshipwill submit suitable regulations providing in de-tail and as required for amplification of the fol-lowing:

a. Armed Forces censorship has the authorityto approve or disapprove and monitor all telephoneconversations, and to take whatever action thereonis deemed necessary without explanation to thecaller.

b. Operating companies are forbidden to fur-nish persons subject to telephone censorship withinformation concerning censorship action orprocedure.

c. Certain military and other information is notto be discussed.

d. Only certain languages are permitted in tele-phone conversations.

e. The use of any method to convey a hiddenmeaning is prohibited.

f. The caller is required to furnish the operatoror telephone censor with his full name and mili-tary address; the number and directory listing of

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the telephone through which the call is placed orto be placed; the proposed topic of conversation,for example, government business or social; thefull name, address, and number of the callee; andthe language to be used. This information is re-corded on DA Form 11-139, Toll Ticket.

g. Calls may not be placed from telephones,such as public pay stations and hotel extensions.

h. These regulations are primarily for externaltraffic which normally requires approval prior totransmission. Should transit and/or internal traf-fic also be made subject to approval, these regula-tions would govern such traffic as well.

153. Regulations Pertaining to Operating Companies

Armed Forces censorship will formulate regula-tions governing operating companies in theirrelationship with censorship. Such regulations willbe promulgated by the area commander. Theseregulations will include the following items:

a. Require the operating company to obtainthe information specified in paragraph 152f oneach external call and any additional informationwhich may be required by the telephone censor-ship personnel during or after a call.

b. Specify that external calls will be advancedonly with the approval of telephone censorship.

c. Require notification to telephone censorshipwhen the company is ready to complete approvedexternal calls or transit calls.

d. Require termination of any call when thecompany is so directed by telephone censorshippersonnel.

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e. Require the operating company to refuse pro-hibited types of service (par. 152g).

f. Prescribe that no information will be fur-nished to persons subject to Armed Forces censor-ship during or subsequent to telephone conversa-tions, except as authorized and prescribed byArmed Forces censorship.

g. Require that a standard warning notice begiven at the beginning of each external call towhichever party is subject to Armed Forces cen-sorship jurisdiction.

h. Require the operating company to observethe following:

(1) Assure that employees who are in con-tact with persons subject to telephonecensorship or involved in the actualtransmission of calls are generally fa-miliar with telephone censorship regula-tions for operating companies and cen-sorship regulations for persons subjectto telephone censorship.

(2) Communicate directly and only with thedesignated Armed Forces censorshipofficials on matters involving the enforce-ment, interpretation, or adjustment oftelephone censorship regulations foroperating companies.

(3) Refer all complaints or requests frompersons subject to Armed Forces censor-ship to telephone censorship when, uponinvestigation, such complaints or re-quests appear to involve censorshipaction rather than simple technical ir-regularities on the part of the operating

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company. Reply to such complaints onlyas authorized by telephone censorship.

(4) Provide space and facilities as requiredfor telephone censorship personnel onthe operating company premises.

154. Facilities for Telephone CensorshipSuitable facilities are necessary for the effective

conduct of telephone censorship. Such facilitiesinclude specialized monitoring equipment which,with proper installation, will permit telephonecensorship to accomplish the following:

a. Approve or disapprove calls before the tele-phone operator establishes connection.

b. Monitor calls without the knowledge of eitherthe caller or the callee.

c. Talk to both the caller and the callee, or toeither one individually without the knowledge ofthe other.

d. Terminate a call by being able to disconnect.e. Make a recording, in whole or part, of any

call.

155. Classes of Telephone TrafficThere are three main classes of calls handled

by telephone censorship-special, business, andpersonal. The first of these includes official, privi-leged, watch list, and press traffic. Telephone cen-sorship and the operating company must be pro-vided with complete lists of names and telephonenumbers as a means of identifying official andprivileged callers, and should expedite the process-ing of their calls, waiving all or most of the re-quired call data (par. 152f).

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156. Preparation of Telephone Calli

a. Processing. Information about the caller andthe chllee is formally relayed to telephone censor-ship through a patching cabinet permanently con-nected t6 toll circuits and is entered on DA Form11-139, Toll Ticket. Afterthe callhas been flashedagainst the master watch list and approved or dis-approved, the operating company, is notified ac-ccordingly and a ticket filed. In the case of an ap-proved call, censorship is again advised throughthe patching cabinet operator prior to an establish-ment of the connection and any, change in calldata is reported. DA Form 11-139, with necessaryrevisions, is again submitted for final approval.If the call data are still satisfactory and if a moni-tor is ready to observe the call, a toll observingset is cut into the toll circuit through a patchingcabinet and the call proceeds.

b. Watch Listing. The names of the caller, thecallee, and other persons listed on DA Form 11-139 as parties to the conversation will be flashed,and master watch list numbers, identificationnumbers, and other indicators will be added to thetoll ticket. In addition, a monitor may request thatnames of persons entering the conversation with-out prior approval be flashed. It may not be neces-sary to maintain a master watch list in every tele-phone censorship installation, unless the volumeof traffic is sizable. The actual flashing can beaccomplished by master watch list personnel inan area censorship detachment which has directwire connection with telephone censorship.

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157: Examination Procedure

In the examination of external telephone calls,there are two separate functions, approval andmonitoring, which Wvill'be conducted substantiallyas follows:

* a. Approval of Telephone Calls. The function ofevaluating call data is usually performed by super-visory personnel who, in addition, control thle as-signment of each mofiitor to the type bof call whichhe is best qualified to handle. Approval procedure,which is closely integrated with processing, is asfollows: official, privileged, and press traffic isautomatically approved, subject to adequate iden-tifidation. The approval of other calls will restupon the call data shown on DA Form 11-139 andupon additional data about the caller or the calleewhich may be found in previous comment sheetsor DA Form 11-139 or in the master watch listinformation file. In the case of master watch listtraffic, the master watch list number may requireautomatic disapproval or other standard treat-ment. After the status of the call is determined, anotation of approval or disapproval is made on thetoll ticket. Approval, if granted, is based on theinformation as originally submitted. Reapprovalwill be necessary if the call data are changed, asis the case when a person other tthan the originalcallee is to take the call. If the call is finally ap-proved, the toll ticket, to which all pertinent in-structions have been added, is given to the as-signed monitor. The preparation of a commentsheet may be necessary when approval for a callis refused. This is particularly true when entries

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on the master watch list are involved. In such acase, call data will be set forth in the normal man-ner, using the word "REFUSED" to indicate dis-position of the communication.

b. Monitoring of Telephone Calls. The monitorassigned to a call will first familiarize himself withthe information contained in the toll ticket and,when he is prepared, will allow the connection tobe established. A general outline of subsequentprocedure is as follows:

(1) Warning notice. Prior to the start of aconversation, a warning notice will begiven by the telephone operator (par.153g). In the case of official or privilegedtraffic, such a warning will be limited toa statement that the circuit is insecureand that the parties are requested toexercise discretion. On other calls, thewarning will indicate that observance oftelephone censorship regulations is re-quired.

(2) Action. In the observation of a telephonecall, a monitor must weigh carefully thevalue of interrupting or terminating aconversation for security reasons againstthat of allowing it to proceed in order toobtain information of interest to armedforces censorship. He must, therefore,exercise judgment in taking action whichwill advise the caller or callee of hispresence on the line, and should, if pos-sible, confine himself to use of the cut-ting key with which toll observing sets

AGO 4053C126

are equipped. This will enable an alertmonitor to prevent transmission of wordsor phrases which would violate securityor which might form part of a codemessage. In cutting conversations, how-ever, the loss of information to censor-ship is again a factor to be considered.A monitor may take the following actionseither separately or in combination, ex-cept on press traffic which will have beenapproved or disapproved beforehand:

(a) Passed. A call which is allowed to pro-ceed to its normal completion is con-sidered to be passed.

(b) Caller (callee) warned. The monitormay identify himself to the caller, thecallee, or both to give an appropriatewarning when either party mentions asubject prohibited by censorship regu-lations, when an unauthorized lan-guage is used, when persons not origi-nally approved enter the conversation,or when a personal or business calldeviates from the approved subject.Interruption, particularly in the lattertwo instances, is however, a matter ofdiscretion and need not take place un4less the monitor is dissatisfied with thesituation. When interrupting official orprivileged calls, a monitor should limithimself to advice that the line is notsecure.

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(c) Call cut off. If the caller or the calleedisregards a previous warning andagain violates censorship regulations,the monitor may interrupt to advisethat the call is to be terminated. Themonitor then uses the cutting key toprevent further conversation and willinstruct the patching cabinet operatorto break the connection and to so ad-vise the operating company. Officialand privileged calls will not be cut off,unless the area commander has author-ized such action in the event of ex-tremely serious security violations.

(3) Recording. Recording on official, privi-leged, and press traffic will be made onlywhen some question of treatment maylater arise. In general, a monitor willmake a recording when code is suspected,when a conversation of interest is toolong and detailed to be summarized fromnotes alone, or when accurate quotationof the conversation is essential. Recordsof possible code conversations will besent to the nearest area censorship in-stallation equipped to perform messageanalysis.

(4) Summarization. Upon its termination, amonitor will summarize briefly but ac-curately, each call which he has observed.This summary may be based on notes(shorthand, if possible) taken during anunrecorded conversation or on a record-

128 AGO 4053C

ing and will be entered on the toll ticketfor future reference. Summaries are nota substitute for comment sheets whichwill be prepared, or at least initiated, bythe monitor.

Section X. REPORTS158. General

There are two main types of letter reports whicharmed forces censorship organizations will pre-pare. They are the periodic operational report,which contains statistical and administrative data,and the trend and morale report, which may pro-vide a general indication of the morale of troopsin an area and their attitudes with respect to suchsubjects as mess facilities, mail service, rotationpolicy, etc. There will also be a variety of specialreports required from time to time. For example, aspecial analysis of blue envelope mail during a 30-day period might be requested, which would showthe volume of this type of mail, the number of vio-lations, and whether or not this type of mail isbeing utilized to the extent authorized. However,all reporting requirements will be developed in ac-cordance with Reports Control System require-ments.

159. Operational Reports of Area CensorshipDetachments

a. When and to Whom Submitted. Each areacensorship detachment will be required to submitan operational report to the armed forces areacensorship organization headquarters at regularintervals. Normally this will be once per week. If

AGO 4053C 129

each service has its own area censorship organiza-tion, these reports will initially go to the appropri-ate chief area censor (Army, Navy, or Air Force)who will consolidate all such reports for his organ-ization and then submit them to the Chief ArmedForces Censor.

b. Content. The types of information requiredin operational reports are, for obvious reasons,not completely standardized for all areas and cen-sorship organizations. The types of censorshipactivity may vary, or the relative importance ofcertain activities may vary. Within & given area,however, a standard type of report will be estab-lished for all reporting detachments. The informa-tion required will normally be in three main cate-gories: statistical data, administrative data, andremarks or recommendations. All or most of thefollowing items of information will be required:

(1) Total volume of each type of communica-tion subject to censorship control.

(2) Total number and percentage of eachtype of communication censored.

(3) Number and types of violations found ineach type of communication.

(4) Action taken with respect to violations.(5) Number of comment sheets and informa-

tion slips prepared.(6) Personnel assigned and present for duty.(7) Status of supplies and requests.(8) Remarks or recommendations, to include

special problems, changes in type or loca-tion of censorship controls, suggestedmethods for improving operations, etc.

AGO 4053CI30

e. Form. The exact form for the periodic opera-ational report is not standardized. There may bevariations between areas, but within each area aform will be devised and utilized. The form is notimportant, except insofar as it serves to presentthe required information in an orderly and easy-to-understand manner. All questions as to the formof the report will generally be resolved by theChief Armed Forces censor and the chief areacensors of the respective services.

160. Operational Reports of Theater or SeparateArea Censorship Organizations

The commander of a theater or a separate areain which armed forces censorship is in effect willnormally require a periodic operational report ofcensorship activities. The Department of Defenseand the Department of Army, Navy, and Air Forcewill normally be included in the distribution ofsuch reports. These reports contain certain statis-tical data, but it is usually not as detailed as thatrequired in the reports as submitted by the areacensorship detachments. Changes in organizationand methods of operation are reported in detail.Major censorship problems are outlined, togetherwith actions taken to solve them or recommenda-tions for solving them. The effectiveness of thevarious types of censorship control is generallyindicated.

161. Trend and Morale Reportsa. When and by Whom Prepared. These reports

are primarily prepared for the benefit of majorcommanders and their staffs. They may be pre-

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pared by the various area censorship detachments,and reports covering an entire theater or areamay be compiled by the Chief Armed Forces Cen-sor. Area censorship detachments may preparespecial reports of this type covering particularcorps or divisions upon receipt of properly ap-proved requests by the commanders of such units.Trend and morale reports will normally be pre-pared monthly unless otherwise requested.

b. Contents.(1) The subject matter of these reports will

vary greatly between different theatersof operation, and from time to timewithin any given theater. The subjects tobe reported upon will normally be spe-cified by the area commander, and theChief Armed Forces Censor will issuenecessary directives to the censorshiporganizations. Typical subjects aboutwhich information may be requested arefood, mail service, interracial relations,Red Cross, war bonds, rotation policies,relations with foreign civilians, recrea-tional facilities, attitude toward combatsituation, post exchange facilities, hospi-tal and medical service, fraternization,rumors, reaction to censorship regula-tions, and command efficiency.

(2) A statistical table or summary is usuallyincluded which shows the subjects re-ported upon and the percentages of fav-orable and unfavorable comments, a com-parison with the figures of three or four

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preceding reports (to indicate the trend),and selected typical comments from per-sonal communications.

c. Form. This is a narrative type letter reportconsolidating the material submitted on DDForms 311. The comments in the report will bedirect quotations but the name of the writer willnot be given. The only identification made as per-tains to the writer is that his APO number is givenand he is identified as an officer, enlisted man, orcivilian.

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CHAPTER 5

UNIT CENSORSHIP

162. General

a. The unit censor is the foundation of ArmedForces censorship activity. Since he initiates themajority of censorship operations, he is in a posi-tion of unique responsibility. The unit censor ispersonally responsible for detecting censorshipviolations in mail examined and passed by him.

b. Although the commanding officer is responsi-ble for training his unit in Armed Forces censor-ship, the unit censor must be prepared to providenecessary instruction to teach individuals themeaning and purpose of censorship. If a man inthe unit has violated regulations, the unit censormust not only explain to the violator the detri-mental effects that may result from his careless-ness or wilful action but he must also reeducatethe man concerning what he may and may notinclude in his communications. If the unit censorfails to perform these functions, the entire censor-ship effort will be undermined at its base.

163. Responsibilitya. The commanding officer of each unit will be

responsible at all times for the performance ofunit censorship on communications of all person-nel assigned or attached to his unit.

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b. Unit censorship of the communications ofpersons serving in or accompanying the militaryservice who are in hospitals, replacement depots,training centers, staging areas, ports of embarka-tion, and similar installations will be the responsi-bility of the commanding officer of such an instal-lation, unless the responsibility therefor has beenpreviously fixed otherwise.

c. On any vessel carrying personnel underUnited States military jurisdiction, unit censor-ship of the communications of all such personnelwill be the responsibility of the transport com-mander or senior officer assigned to that vessel,except in cases where the responsibility thereforhas been previously fixed otherwise.

164. Establishmenta. Unit censorship will be considered in effect

when a unit destined for oversea movement en-trains for a port of embarkation where censorshipis in effect. Communications written by personnelen route to such a port will be examined prior toarrival thereat and will be held for completion ofaction in accordance with area censorship regula-tions which are in effect at the port of embarka-tion.

b. Unit censorship will be established as soonas the unit enters an area where censorship is ineffect and will continue as long as the unit is insuch an area.

165. Designation of Unit Censorsa. The commanding officer of each unit and any

commissioned or warrant officer of his command

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are authorized to perform unit censorship. Theuniticommander will determine whether he desiresone or all of such personnel to censor communica-tions, and will appoint one such officer to be cus-todian of the Armed Forces unit examiner stampor stamps issued to that unit...

b. If arrangements have been made for unitcensorship of the communications of civilians at-tached to the military service; such censorship willbe performed by commissioned officers designatedby appropriate authority, but may be performedby a civilian attached to the military service whoholds the assimilated grade of a commissionedofficer. :

166. Duties of Unit Censorsa. Unit censors will be responsible for a

thorough knowledge of such censorship regula-tions as are pertinent to the conduct of unit cen-sorship. Necessary information will be obtainedfrom area censorship immediately upon arrival atan oversea destination. Unit censors will also beresponsible for intelligent enforcement of thoseregulations and for proper and expeditious treat-ment of any communications which pass throughtheir hands.

b. Unit censors will provide necessary instruc-tion in censorship for persons whose communica-tions they examine.

c. All unit censors will respect the confidentialnature of the information which comes into theirpossession in the performance of their duties.They will neither discuss nor disclose such infor-

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mation in public or in private, except when mak-ing a report at the request of higher authority,giving evidence at a trial, or otherwise acting inthe course of official business on matters dealing*with censorship. Any unit censor violating ArmedForces censorship regulations may be subject toimmediate and severe disciplinary action, includ-ing trial by court martial.

d. Under no circumstances will a unit censormake a mark on or insert any writing in a letter,envelope,/ or parcel, except as specifically requiredin the performance of his officialduties.

e. Unit censors should keep a log of all valua-bles contained in unit censored communications(par. 125b).

167. Unit Examiner Stamp

a. issue. Unit examiner stamps will be issuedto each unit in a'sufficient number necessary toperform the.unit censorship function. Such issuewill normally be made at the time censorship isimposed upon the unit. Unit examiner stamps willalso be issued to any unit stationed outside thecontinental United States which has not been is-sued stamps in accordance with the foregoing.Such issue will be made as prescribed by higherauthority.

b. Classification. Unit examiner stamps will beregarded as CONFIDENTIAL material within theprovisions of current security regulations. Eachstamp custodian is responsible for the safeguard-ing and proper use of the stamp issued to him. Hewill be held personally responsible for its author-

AGO 4053C 137

ized use as long as it remains in his custody. Theloss or unauthorized use of the stamp will be re-ported to appropriate authority.

c. Transfer and Disposition. Whenever the cus-tody of a stamp changes, appropriate censorshipauthority will be so notified. When a unit possess-ing stamps completes a permanent move from aport of embarkation to a theater where ArmedForces censorship is in effect, or from such atheater to another theater where Armed Forcescensorship is in effect, a report of transfer listingall stamps assigned to the unit, will be made to thecommander of the departed area and to the com-mander of the new area. When a unit possessingstamps completes a move to an area in which noarmed forces censorship is in effect, stamp custo-dians will surrender the stamps to appropriatecensorship authority, unless otherwise directed byhigher authority. The area commander in whichArmed Forces censorship is in effect will maintainrecords, by number, of each stamp in the posses-sion of the units within that theater. Upon thetermination of censorship, the area commanderwill dispose of the stamps in accordance withinstructions from higher authority.

d. Use.(1) General. Under no circumstances will

the impression of the unit examinerstamp appear on communications whichare not subject to unit censorship or onwhich final action has not been taken. Itwill not appear on unexamined, unad-dressed, or unsealed material. The unit

AGO 4053C138

examiner stamp will be used only by theunit censor to whom it was issued.

(2) Mail. A unit censor, other than the cus-todian of the stamp, will place his normalsignature legibly in the lower left cornerof the address side of each piece of mailwhich he passes, and will forward allsuch mail to the stamp custodian whowill affix the stamp impression above thesignature. Mail personally examined andpassed by the custodian of the stamp willbear the stamp impression without sig-nature.

168. Scope of Unit Censorshipa. Outgoing Communications.

(1) The following types of communicationsfrom personnel (par. 37) will be unitcensored prior to transmission:

(a) Ordinary mail to include air mail, spe-cial delivery, and V-mail. This type ofmail will be placed unsealed in the unitmail box or handed to a unit censor.

(b) Packages for parcel post will be takento a unit censor along with adequatematerial for wrapping and sealing.The parcel will be examined by a unitcensor in the presence of the sender.Existing regulations relative to de-claring contents and value will beobserved. A check will be made todetermine compliance with theater di-rectives relative to retention and dis-patch of war trophies.

AGO 4053C 139

(c)' Picture and plain postcards will behandled 'the same as ordinary mail,except'that the unit censor will ex-amine for 'any prohibited informationwhich'may be found on picture post-cards, and will return card'which con-tains violations to the sender ratherthan to excise aiid pass.

(d). The unit censor will carefully examinedeveloped negatives and prints, payingspecial attention to backgrounds fordisclosure of classified information ormaterial. Censor's stanip will be usedon the back of developed prints only.The negative is not stamnped. Onlythose developed prints that are beingsent outside the theater are stamped.

(2)- The following types of communications(par. 37) willbe subject to area censor-ship only and will not be unit censored:

(a) Blue envelope mail will be sealed andplaced in the unit mail box or handedto a unit censor.

(b) Diaries and similar personal recordswill be forwarded in a sealed cover tothe area censorship detachment.

(c) Registered and insured mail must bebrought to the APO by the sender or

,his duly appointed representative. Inactual practice, the sender will gener-ally entrust the unit mail clerk as hisduly appointed representative.

AGO 4053C140

(d) Foreign language mail, will be unitcensored if possible; otherwise, will besealed and forwarded to area censor-ship.

(e) Mail to a neutral territory will besealed by. the sender and forwardedwithout any unit censorship action toarea censorship.'

(f) Mail to United States or Allied prison-ers of War held by the 'enemy will behandled in'thd same manner as is mailt a neutral territory.

(g) Officers'iiiaiJ will normally be posted" sealed' (par. 37b and d).

(h) - Uhdebleoped film will not be unit cen-sored (par. 132).

(i) Communications transmitted by elec-trical means-will not be subject to unitcensorship, except in cases where unitcensorship of EFM is directed by thearea commander.

(j) Official mail, official ballots, and re-quests for ballots will not be unit cen-sored nor will they bear the impressionof the armed forces examiner stamp.

b. Incoming Communications. Incoming com-munications will not be unit censored, except asdirected by the area commander.

169. Instruction for Unit Censorsa. Examination of Mail.

(1) Mail will be unsealed when submittedfor unit censorship, but if necessary, the

AGO os4053C 141

examining officer may cut open a sealedenvelope and reseal it after examination,using any available gummed tape (par.126i(6) ).

(2) Only one piece of mail will be examinedat a time in order to prevent the mixingof inclosures. A physical examination ofeach cover and its contents will be madein order to detect the possible presenceof secret writing. Tissue linings andblank sheets of paper will be removed.Mail and all inclosures will be furtherexamined for violations of the pertinentprovisions of area censorship regula-tions.

(3) Developed prints contained in mail sub-ject to unit censorship will be examinedby unit examiners who will place an im-print of the unit examiner's stamp uponthe reverse of each developed print whencensorship has been accomplished. Nega-tives will be passed by unit examinersonly when accompanied by like positiveprints (par. 133c).

b. Action on Outgoing Mail After Examination.(1) Pass. If the mail does not contain any

violations of censorship, the unit censorwill replace the contents and will sealthe mail.

(2) Excise. Action will be taken as outlinedin accordance with paragraph 126b.

142 AGO 4053C

(3) Return to Sender.(a) The following types of mail will be re-

turned to sender: mail containing vio-lations too numerous to be excised ordeleted; mail which violates instruc-tions outlined in paragraph 33; mailcontaining inclosures which constituteviolations of censorship regulationsand which therefor require extraction;mail referring to an inclosure which isfound to be missing upon examination.

(b) For instructional purposes, the pro-cedure for returning mail to the send-er will be emphasized in unit censor-ship. When a unit censor has examinedand found mail which contains viola-tions of censorship regulations, he willpersonally contact the sender and willexplain why the mail is not suitablefor transmission, except for such spe-cial action as taken under (4) below.The unit censor will request the senderto correct such violations by rewriting,by supplying the missing inclosure, byvoluntarily destroying the mail or theinclosure which is in violation, or othercorrective action. When personal con-tact with the sender is not practicable,the unit censor will cross out the ad-dress, but Cot the addressee's name,and will write clearly or stamp on thecover "Returned to Sender by>ArmedForces Examiner No.-" A statement

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indicating why the -mail is objection-able will be inclosed and-the mail willbe sealed and returned. DD Form 309,adapted for, use by unit censors, maybe used if available. Unit censors willnot sign nor use the Armed Forcesexaminer stamp on mail which is re-turned to sender.

(4) Special Action. Unit censors will for-ward to the appropriate area censor,under official cover, certain types of mailon which they believe special actionshould be taken. Such mail will not besigned nor stamped. Each piece of mailso forwarded will be accompanied by aseparate dated memorandum giving theunit censor's name and explaining brief-ly why the mail is being sent forward.Types of mail forwarded:

(a) Mail suspected of or containing secretwriting will be forwarded without anyattempt having been made to developthe message in any manner.

(b) Mail which should be condemned ascontaining prohibited information andall other mail containing serious orrepeated violations of censorship reg-ulations (par. 33).

(c) Mail suspected of or containing codes,ciphers, or any other concealed mes-sage will be forwarded without anyattempt having been made to break theconcealed message in any manner.

JA 405oso144

(d) Mail which mentions a serious in-stance of evasion or attempted evasionof censorship.

(e) Mail which should be photographed orphotostated (par. 126g).

(f) Mail which contains informationwhich would assist the Armed Forcesof the United States or its allies in thesuccessful prosecution of a war, exceptcaptured enemy documents (par. 31b).

(g) Authorized foreign language mailwhich cannot be translated by unitcensors.

(h) Any other mail which a unit censorbelieves should be brought to the at-tention of area censorship.

c. Comment Sheets. Comment sheets will not beprepared by a unit censor but he may recommendsuch action in forwarding mail for special actionto area censorship.

d. Action Against Violators. When a writer con-tinues to violate censorship regulations after re-peated attempts to educate him, a unit censor willreport the circumstances to the unit commanderfor appropriate action.

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CHAPTER 6

TRAINING

170. General

a. Basic training in matters of censorship mustbe complete and continuous. Proper orientation asto the need for censorship is a command responsi-bility. The lack of proper instruction may causeserious difficulties. The sudden impact of censor-ship upon personal correspondence may impairthe morale and efficiency of a command.

b. An example of a situation which may betypical can be pictured by visualizing a soldier ona transport writing to his wife-

"Dearest,Our outfit is three days out of the United States.

As you know, we are not supposed to tell where weare going, but I happened to think that we couldwork up a little code of our own so that I couldlet you know without anyone else being the wiser. IfI mention that I saw Ruth, you will know that wedocked at Australia. Catherine will mean the MarshallIslands, and Helen will mean the Philippines."

The soldier posted the letter and upon debarkationseveral weeks later, he smiled with satisfaction ashe wrote-

"I had a date with Ruth last night and expect to seeher often for three or four months."

When mail was delivered to the unit a month later,

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his satisfied smile turned to a bewildered stare forhis bride had replied-

"Of all the nerve! Who is Ruth and what do youmean having a date with her? Have you forgottenthat you are a married man? Don't you love me anymore?"

What the puzzled soldier and his wife did notknow was that the censor had stopped the lettersetting up the code.

c. An analysis of this illustration accentuatesthe need for censorship training. Several basiccensorship violations occurred in this short simpleletter. The soldier attempted to set up a code. Thetraining of the serviceman was incomplete or in-adequate. If it was otherwise, he would not haveattempted such a thing. The soldier lacked censor-ship training but the unit censor did not in thatthe letter was held and later forwarded to areacensorship for special action. The morale of thesoldier was lowered. His confusion and embar-rassment, until an explanation is accepted by hiswife, seriously impairs his efficiency. It was ob-vious that this soldier's training in censorship wasnegligible and at least incomplete to include thefact that he did not realize that his communica-tions were subject to censorship as soon as heentrained for the port of embarkation, to saynothing of while he was aboard ship.

d. In contrast to the preceding example, ex-perience has shown that the great majority ofArmed Forces censorship violations are uninten-tional. It is therefore necessary that the militaryestablishment provide an educational program ef-

AGO 4053C 147

fective and continuing enough to eliminate pos-sible violations which may be caused as the resultof lack of proper training.

e. Censorship is a counterintelligence and in-telligence instrumentality which is unpopular but,nevertheless, extremely important in time of war.Like all unpopular restrictions, censorship is fre-quently violated. The principal cause of these vio-lations is the lack of Armed Forces censorshiptraining.

171. Need for Training

General security of vital military information isa keynote to success on the battlefield. To betterunderstand the need for Armed Forces censorshiptraining, it is necessary to thoroughly understandthe objective of this training. The objective ofArmed Forces censorship is to prevent the trans-mission of information which may give aid or com-fort to an enemy, and to obtain and disseminateinformation which may assist the governments ofthe United States and its allies in the successfulprosecution of a war. The need for censorshiptraining is twofold. First, it is a counterintelli-gence measure. Censorship training is needed todeny information of value to the enemy. An un-derstanding of Armed Forces censorship is nec-essary to enable each individual to prepare com-munications suitable for transmission which, ifapprehended, will not give aid or comfort to theenemy. Second, it is an intelligence instrument.Training is required in order to detect noninten-tional violations, detect intentional violations, and

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evaluate information which may be used by UnitedStates and Allied forces.

172. Types of TrainingThe types of training which are required are

based upon two Armed Forces censorship opera-tions. First, preventing the inclusion of harmfulinformation in personal communications at theirsource and, second, eliminating such informationfrom those communications at the first opportun-ity. Types of training must be based upon thesetwo operations and may be subdivided into thefollowing three main types of armed forces censor-ship training:

a. Individual. This will include training for mili-tary and civilian personnel whose communicationswill be subject to Armed Forces censorship.

b. Unit Censor. This will include training for allmilitary and civilian personnel who may be calledupon to act as unit censors.

c. Area Examiner. This will include trainingfor all military and civilian personnel who may becalled upon to act as area examiners.

173. Responsibility for Traininga. Armed Forces censorship is a function of

command at all echelons normally supervisedthrough the intelligence officer. Censorship officerswill be responsible for the operation of censorshipat each echelon.

(1) Continental United States. Major com-manders in the continental United Statesare -responsible for providing adequate

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indoctrination and training in ArmedForces censorship for all military per-sonnel on duty in the United States.

(2) Staging areas and ports of embarkation.The commanding officer of each stagingarea and port of embarkation will be re-sponsible for providing supplementarytraining for all persons under UnitedStates military jurisdiction who are proc-essed through the installation.

(3) Oversea areas. The chief Armed Forcescensor will be responsible for necessaryindoctrination of area examiners underhis jurisdiction, and for any further in-struction which unit censors operatingin that area may require. Each unit com-mander will be responsible for assuringthat all personnel of his command re-ceive any additional censorship trainingthat proves to be necessary, including thetraining of his officers in the operationsof unit censorship.

b. Armed Forces censorship indoctrination forcivilians who will be subject to military jurisdic-tion will be conducted by the civilian organizationof which they are members or employees. Militaryauthorities will give all possible assistance to suchorganizations.

174. Individual TrainingIndividual training can be further subdivided

Into three types of training: basic training, train-ing in staging areas and ports of embarkation,and training in areas outside the United States.

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a. Basic Training. This training will emphasizethe necessity for Armed Forces censorship and in-sure a thorough knowledge of its basic regulations.An understanding of Armed Forces censorshipbefore actual examination begins will enable eachindividual to prepare communications which aresuitable for transmission and thus facilitate theflow of mail and other personal communicationswhich are vital in the maintenance of good morale.A lack of training in Armed Forces censorshipwill result in the unintentional inclusion of viola-tions which require return to sender, excision, orcondemnation. Every individual should be imbuedwith the realization that no matter what part heplays in the total war effort, he has knowledge ofmilitary matters which, although they may ap-pear insignificant to himself, are of great interestto the enemy. He should be made aware of thenature of intelligence work which depends on thegathering of seemingly unimportant bits of in-formation to form a total picture, to corroborateknown facts, or to discard tenuous rumors. Theenemy is well aware of this and will take greatpains to unearth and piece together indiscretions,for the most part unintentional, to serve its de-structive ends. Above all, the individual shouldbe shown that censorship of communications is anabsolute necessity for the protection of himselfand others, equal in importance to the other mili-tary duties of a member of the Armed Forces atwar. Merely to visualize a military operation with-out attendant censorship of communications willthrow into proper relief the significance of cen-sorship.ACO 4053C 151

b. Training in Staging Areas anid Ports of Em-barkation. Armed Forces censorship training willbe a part of the regular processing program in allstaging areas and ports of embarkation in the con-tinental United States. Such instruction will sup-plement the basic training type training. Actualexamination of communications normally beginsin these installations where the results of previoustraining may be evaluated. Particular attentionwill be given to casual and transient personnel, tomilitary and civilian groups -which have not re-ceived adequate indoctrination, and the the oper-ation of unit censorship.

c. Training in Areas Outside United States.Major oversea commanders are responsible forproviding adequate indoctrination and trainingin Armed Forces censorship for all military andcivilian personnel under their command. Any evi-dence of serious lack of indoctrination in ArmedForces censorship will be reported to the appro-priate higher authority.

175. Unit Censor Traininga. The training of unit censors presents a diffi-

culty in that unit personnel changes and move-ments frequently necessitate transfer of unit cen-sorship duties from one officer to another. Thus itresults that many officers, unschooled and inex-perienced in the finer points of censorship, areentrusted with the operation of unit censorship.It is for this reason that all company grade andwarrant officers must receive training in unit cen-sorship. Although the responsibility for adequate

AGO 40530

security rests upon the unit commander, the chiefArmed Forces censor must be prepared to pro-vide further instruction and supervision of unitcensorship. This phase of the work being relatedclosely to the source of the communication mustnever be neglected and must include all troop leveltraining.* b. Training for the unit censor will include:duties of the unit censor; censorship regulationspertinent to conduct'of unit censorship; missionof providing instruction for those persons whosecommunications he censors; use of United StatesArmed Forces examiner stamp, to include respon-sibility, classification, .use, storage, transfer, anddisposition; scope of unit censorship; outgoingand incoming communications; instructions forunit censorship; examination of mail, possibleactions after examination, comment sheets, andaction against violators; outline of functions andoperation of area censorship; relationship to unitcensorship. The fact must be stressed that it is themission of unit censors to safeguard military in-formation.

176. Area Censor Traininga. Area censors, as specialists in the field of

censorship, must be thoroughly informed not onlyin censorship procedure and restrictions, but alsoin the operations, plans, training, personnel, andsupplies of the respective military areas. Com-munications can be judged properly only whenviewed in relation to current developments andfactual happenings. Moreover, a single phrase in

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a communication, considered apart from its con-text and without regard to the contents of theentire document, is likely to result in false evalua-tion and improper action. Borderline cases can beadequately treated only by an informed censor.The point to be gained from this observation isthat training for area censorship personnel mustbe conducted not only in special censorship prac-tice and procedure, but also in matters relatingto the activities of the entire theater or area. Fail-ure to so train area censorship personnel will re-sult in deficient work and lowered morale.

b. Training for the area censor will include:scope of area censorship; operation of ArmedForces censorship organization; responsibility ofchief Armed Forces and area censors; area exam-iners, to include appointment, selection, andduties; Armed Forces censorship supplies andequipment; Armed Forces area examiner stamps,to include classification, transfer, and use; ArmedForces censorship forms, preparation, use, and al-location; disposal of condemned material; postalcensorship, to include official mail, opening mail,examination of mail, action taken on outgoingmail, action taken on incoming mail, and resealingof mail; cable and radiogram censorship, EFMand SCM personal messages, comment sheets, ex-amination of messages, action on incoming andoutgoing messages after examination; censorshipof photographic material and handling of devel-oped and undeveloped material; traveler censor-ship; control and examination; censorship of out-going mail to the United States or Allied prison-

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ers of war held by the enemy; action taken; andtraining in other types of censorship that ArmedForces censorship personnel may be required toperform.

177. Conduct of Traininga. Locations. An individual becomes a potential

source of information for the enemy the momenthe becomes allied with the war effort. Trainingand instruction in the purposes and methods ofArmed Forces censorship should be given to allpersonnel during the period of basic training.Continuous training in a subject as difficult tocomprehend as censorship will demand variety,imagination, and ingenuity. Actual censorship be-gins when a unit entrains for a port of embarka-tion where censorship is in effect. At the POEand its related staging areas, supplementary train-ing in censorship will be included in the regularprocessing program. Particular attention will begiven to casual and transient personnel and tomilitary and civilian groups which have not hadprevious censorship training. The training atthese installations can utilize to good advantageactual violations found in communications. Also,persons who commit serious violations after hav-ing received proper training should be promptlyand firmly dealt with in order to impress themwith the fact that disregard of censorship regula-tions will not be treated lightly. Ignorance of cer-tain specific provisions of area censorship regu-lations outside the United States makes necessary

AGO 4053C 155

certain supplemental training. However, prelim-inary training requirements should have been metprior to departure from the continental UnitedStates.

b. Methods.(1) Basic training. The principal means of

instruction and indoctrination will bethrough lectures, bulletins, posters, pam-phlets, and training films. These must ap-peal to the individual's sense of impor-tance and intelligence. Questions asked ofthe censors must be fully answered sothat doubts may be resolved. The reasonand logic of censorship must be fully ex-plained, for only by convincing personnelof the need for thorough censorshiptraining can they be depended upon toabide by its restrictions.

(2) Ports and oversea. The personal contactwith and treatment of individual vio-lators presents a continuous opportunityfor censors at all echelons to instruct, in-doctrinate, and improve censorship op-erations when violations are encounteredduring examination of correspondence.

c. Training References. All Armed Forces cen-sorship training will be based upon FM 30-28,SR 380-80-1, and other publications issued byarea commanders or higher authority.

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APPENDIX IREFERENCES

AR 380-5

AR 380-5

SR 380-80-1SR 320-5-1

SR 320-5-5

SR 320-50-1AR's and SR's

380 seriesTF 30-1545TF 30-1565TM 30-235TM 30-236AR 360-65

FM 110-5

FM 45-25AR 380-83DA Pam 20-150

DA Pam 20-151

Safeguarding Security Infor-mation, 6 June 1952.

Safeguarding Defense Infor-mation, 7 December 1954.

Armed Forces Censorship.Dictionary of United States

Army Terms.Dictionary of United States

Military Terms for JointUsage.

Authorized Abbreviations.Military Security.

Unit Censorship.Military Censorship.(Title Classified).(Title Classified).Establishment and Conduct of

Field Press Censorship inCombat Areas.

Joint Action of the ArmedForces.

Field Press Censorship.Civil Censorship.Geneva Convention of 12 Aug-

ust 1949 for the Protectionof War Victims.

Lectures on The Geneva Con-vention of 12 August 1949.

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APPENDIX II

STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURE FORARMED FORCES CENSORSHIP CONTROL

OFFICERS AT WATER PORTS OF EMBARKATIONAND STAGING AREAS

Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. Purpose

These instructions have been prepared to pro-vide a standing operating procedure for ArmedForces censorship control officers and their as-sistants who are provided by the Assistant Chiefof Staff, G-2, Department of the Army, and arestationed at water ports of embarkation and stag-ing areas when Armed Forces censorship is ineffect. Basic policies and instructions for the es-tablishment and operation of Armed Forces cen-sorship are contained in SR 380-80-1 and FM30-28.

2. Application

These instructions are designed for use by thecommanders of water ports of embarkation andstaging areas and apply equally to all personnelcoming under their jurisdiction. The Departmentof the Air Force will retain jurisdiction over airreplacement depots processing personnel enrouteoverseas.

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3. Command Responsibility

Armed Forces censorship is a function of com-mand and is under the staff supervision of theintelligence officer of the command.

4. Functions

Armed Forces censorship control officers willfunction through and under the control and su-pervision of the Military Intelligence and SecurityDivision, Headquarters Port Commander, at waterports of embarkation and staging areas. Censor-ship control officers will maintain such contactwith other Department of the Army and govern-mental agencies as authorized. Their duties arefour-fold-

a. To provide the indoctrination of military andcivilian personnel at water ports of embarkationand staging areas in current Armed Forces cen-sorship procedures.

b. To supervise area and unit censorship func-tions at water ports of embarkation and stagingareas.

c. To maintain such local liaison with ArmedForces and other governmental agencies as is re-

/quired in pursuance of Armed Forces censorshipduties.

d. To supervise the further training of officers,warrant officers, and enlisted personnel who areplaced in Armed Forces censorship training poolsat water ports of embarkation and staging areasfor the purpose of organizing Armed Forces cen-sorship teams based on the TOE for ArmedForces censorship.

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Section II. STANDARD TRAINING PROCEDURE

5. General

a. Application. A one hour indoctrination courseon Armed Forces censorship will be provided bythe censorship control officer at water ports ofembarkation and staging areas to all units andindividuals passing through such ports. It willbe presumed that all military personnel passingthrough water ports of embarkation and relatedstaging areas for shipment overseas will havehad previous censorship training at their homestations. The indoctrination at the ports and stag-ing areas will provide orientation in current andlocal procedures in addition to that already re-ceived. This will be the first formal indoctrinationreceived by attached civilians on the requirementsof Armed Forces censorship.

b. Preparatory Arrangements. Armed Forcescensorship control officers will ascertain throughthe proper port authorities the impending move-ment of personnel through the water port of em-barkation and/or staging area. Such informationwill enable the censorship control officer to ar-range for censorship indoctrination and to issue,necessary censorship supplies.

c. Instruction Aids. The following instructionalaids will be utilized in Armed Forces censorshipinstructions:

(1) SR 380-80-1. SR 380-80-1 will be is-sued to the intelligence officers at allechelons to include battalion.

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(2) FM 30-28. FM 30-28, Armed ForcesCensorship (Army), will be distributedto company, battery, or detachment com-manders.

(3) Illustrations. Illustrations of envelopesshowing the proper method of address-ing letters and the space to be used,by the unit censor for applying censor-ship stamp will be used as visual aidsin censorship lectures.

(4) Posters. Security and Armed Forces cen-sorship posters will be issued by theDepartment of the Army at frequentintervals and will be distributed at waterports of embarkation and staging areas.Armed Forces censorship control officerswill make maximum use of these postersto reinforce censorship instructions.

6. Armed Forces Censorship Instruction for OfficersArmed Forces censorship instruction for offi-

cers may be divided into the following phases:a. Issuance of Armed Forces examiner stamps

and other censorship supplies together with in-struction as to their use, application, and propersafeguarding.

b. Indoctrination of all embarking personnel inthe principles of Armed Forces censorship.

c. Instruction for unit censors concerning theirduties. Supervision of the operation of unit cen-sorship in the water ports of embarkation andstaging areas. A systematic spot check of unitcensored mail will be conducted under the super-

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vision of the censorship control officer to deter-mine the effectiveness of unit censorship and todetermine whether unit censorship instructionhas been adequate.

7. Armed Forces Censorship Instruction for EnlistedPersonnel

Every effort will be made to explain the needfor Armed Forces censorship and impress thesoldier with the need for censorship and create apersonal desire on his part to comply with cen-sorship and security regulations. Emphasis willbe placed upon confidential treatment accordedcommunications subject to censorship examina-tion and the penalties which may be invoked un-der the Uniform Code of Military Justice uponpersonnel attempting to evade Armed Forces cen-sorship regulations.

8. Armed Forces Censorship Instruction for Permanentor Attached Military Personnel and CiviliansLocated At and Passing Through Water Ports ofEmbarkation and Staging Areas

Armed Forces censorship instruction for perma-nent or attached military personnel and civilianslocated and/or employed at water ports of em-barkation and staging areas will be confined toindoctrination in the regulations and importanceof Armed Forces censorship. Civilians on overseaorders will be given full and complete instruction,to include the penalties to which they may becomeliable under military or civil law for unauthorizeddisclosure of classified information.

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9. Armed Forces Censorship instruction for TransportPersonnel

Both military and civilian employees on watercraft operated by the U. S. Transportation Corpsare subject to Armed Forces censorship controland will be instructed in Armed Forces censor-ship regulations. When in U. S. Army ports ofembarkation (POE), personnel of the MilitarySea Transport Service (MSTS-Navy) will alsobe subject to POE censorship regulations in ad-dition to such other censorship controls as maybe in effect with respect to them.

Section III. AREA CENSORSHIP OPERATION

10. EstablishmentArea censorship detachments will be estab-

lished in each water port of embarkation andstaging area as circumstances shall warrant. Thearea censorship detachment will operate underthe supervision of the Armed Forces censorshipcontrol officer of the water port of embarkationand staging area who will also be the chief areacensor. The area censorship detachment will con-duct the physical examination of mail, parcel post,telegrams, and the monitoring of outgoing tele-phone calls as the Military Intelligence and Se-curity Division of the port commander shall direct.

1 1. OperationArmed Forces censorship control officers and

detachments will conduct censorship according tothe provisions of SR 380-80-1.

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a. Physical examination of communications willbe accomplished in the ratio indicated. However,in local or temporary circumstances, the chiefarea censor may vary the examination percent-ages to meet fluctuations in mail volume and thecapabilities of the area censorship detachment.

Percent of AreaoType of Communication Ezamination

Unit censored mail --_-_---------------- 1 to 3%Attached civilian mail _-___-___-______-- 100%Officer mail ____________________________ 10%Parcel post _--------------_________ __._ 3 to 5%Registered and insured mail -__--_______ 3 to 5%Telegrams ___________________________ 100%Blue envelope __________________________ 100%Communications intercepted in unauthor- 100%

ized channels.Mail of nontransit military and civilian 100%

personnel deposited in authorized mili-tary postal channels to include mail ofMSTS personnel while in port.

Telephone monitoring will be accomplishedas directed by the Military Intelligenceand Security Division, Headquarters,Port Commander.

b. The Armed Forces censorship control officerwill use as area censors, personnel provided forin TOE for Armed Forces censorship, i.e., officersand enlisted examiners of the Armed Forces cen-sorship organization on oversea movement ordersand other casual officers on oversea orders avail-able for duty within the water port of embarka-tion and staging area.

c. Armed Forces censorship comment sheet(DD Form 308) will be prepared whenever-

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(1) Code, cipher, or secret writing is dis-covered or suspected.

(2) There is evidence of an evasion or at-tempted evasion.

(3) There is a willful disclosure of militaryinformation.

(4) Corrective action on violations is deemednecessary.

(5) Examination discloses informationwhich would assist the Armed Forces,or governments of the United States andits allies, in the successful prosecutionof war.

d. These comment sheets will be channeled fromthe area censorship detachment to the chief areacensor, to the Military Intelligence and SecurityDivision, Headquarters, Port of Embarkation,to Department of the Army, the Assistant Chiefof Staff, G-2, of the army commander concerned.Information copies will be forwarded by MilitaryIntelligence and Security Division Headquarters,Port of Embarkation, to Commanding General,Army Area, Attention: Assistant Chief of Staff,G-2.

e. Information slips, DD Form 311, will beprepared for trend or morale reports. These re-ports will be forwarded from the area detach-ment to chief area censor to the Military Intelli-gence and Security Division, Headquarters, Portof Embarkation, for necessary action and dis-semination to appropriate commands and/or gov-ernment agencies through prescribed channels.

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The information slips, as such, will not be dis-seminated outside the area censorship detachment.

f. Intercepted communications which displayunintentional minor violations of censorship regu-lations will be referred by the area detachmentto the chief area censor who will contact thesender, or the unit censor of the sender's com-mand, and return the letter or communication fortraining purposes. All disciplinary referrals willbe directed to the Military Intelligence and Se-curity Division, Headquarters, Port of Embarka-tion.

Section IV. ADMINISTRATION

12. Chief Area Censor

The Armed Forces censorship control officermay also be designated as the chief area censor.

13. Reports

Armed Forces censorship control officers willmaintain a statistical report of all mail and com-munications flowing through the water ports ofembarkation and related staging areas. Monthlyreports of the volume of all communications to-gether with the action taken thereon, includinga report on the number of comment sheets pre-pared and information forms prepared and for-warded through channels. These monthly reportswill be forwarded through the Military Intelli-gence and Security Division, Headquarters, Portof Embarkation, to the Assistant Chief of Staff,G-2, Department of the Army, Washington 25,D. C. This report will be as prescribed by Depart-

AGO 4055C166

ment of the Army subsequent to the initiation ofcensorship.

14. Armed Forces Censorship Supplies

The Armed Forces censorship control officerwill issue stamps to unit censors as required andwill also issue censorship supplies. All censorshipstamps will be issued on memorandum receipt.The office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2,Department of the Army, will be notified as toname and service number of the custodian of allstamps and will also be notified when custody ofthe stamps is transferred or surrendered.

15. Training Reports

The Armed Forces censorship control officer atwater ports of embarkation and staging areaswill submit monthly reports of the censorship ac-tivity evident at the port to the Assistant Chiefof Staff, G-2, Department of the Army, throughIntelligence and Security Division, Headquarters,Port of Embarkation. This report will be as pre-scribed by Depaitment of the Army subsequentto initiation of censorship.

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GLOSSARY

Addressee-The person, firm, or organization whois to be the recipient of a communication.

Addressor-The person, firm, or organization whosends a communication.

Area censor-Commander of a censorship detach-ment or team in a subarea.

Area censorship-Any type of Armed Forces cen-sorship performed above the unit censorshiplevel.

Area censorship detachment or team-A groupof personnel responsible for area censorshipoperations within an area or subdivision ofan area. The members of a detachment orteam need not necessarily function as a physi-cal unit in one locale.

Area commander-The commander of a commandcomposed of those elements of one or moreof the armed services designated to operatein a specific geographical area under a singlecommander.

Area examiner-Any person charged with theactual examination of communications in anarea censorship installation.

Armed Forces censorship-The examination ofcommunications as established under the au-thority provided in SR 380-80-1 and operatedin accordance with the provisions thereof.

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Armed Forces censorship organization-A groupof personnel assigned to an area or theaterfor the purpose of carrying out the area ortheater commander's Armed Forces censor-ship responsibilities.

Chief Armed Forces censor-In a joint com-mand, an officer appointed by the theatercommander to coordinate and supervise allArmed Forces censorship activities in thearea. A chief Armed Forces censor shouldbe specially trained in Armed Forces cen-sorship.

Chief Armed Forces censor-In an independentuniservice command, an officer appointed bythe commander to supervise all Armed Forcescensorship activities in the area and to directthe censorship organization in the area. Heshould be specially trained in Armed Forcescensorship.

Chief area censor-An officer appointed by thesenior Army, Navy, or Air Force commanderto supervise all Armed Forces censorshipactivities of his service in the area within hisrespective jurisdiction and to direct the cen-sorship organization therein. He is synony-mous with chief Army, Navy, or Air Forcearea censor. These censors should be speciallytrained in Armed Forces censorship.

Civil censorship-This is the examination andcontrol, under the U. S. military authority, ofall communications entering, leaving, transit-ing, or circulating within the territory occu-pied or controlled by United States or allied

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military forces, except those communicationsunder the jurisdiction of other forms ofUnited States or allied censorship.

Communication-A letter, postcard, diary or otherprivate record, photographic material, news-paper, journal, magazine, book, pamphlet,parcel, recording or transcription, telegram,cable, radiogram, telephone call, or any otheroral or written message no matter how trans-mitted. "Personal" communications are de-fined to include all communications whichare not official. "Tangible" communicationsinclude all communications other than thosetransmitted by electrical means, such as ra-diograms and cables.

Condemned material-Communications whichcontain serious, repeated, or willful viola-tions of censorship regulations and those pro-hibited communications listed in paragraph40 will be condemned.

Espionage stamp-Documents containing classi-fied military information and furnished topersons other than those of the Armed Forcesand their civilian employees will, in additionto being marked with the appropriate se-curity classification, bear the following warn-ing stamp (espionage stamp): "This docu-ment contains information affecting thenational defense of the United States withinthe meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18,U.S.C., Sections 793 and 794. The transmis-sion or the revelation of its contents in any

AGO 405sC

manner to an unauthorized person is pro-hibited by law."

Field press censorship-This is a security review,under United States military authority, ofmaterial for dissemination to the public, pre-pared by persons in, serving with, or accom-panying U. S. Armed Forces in combat areasand such other news material as is subjectto the jurisdiction of field press censorshipunder the provisions of AR 360-65.

Flash or flashing-Checking the name and ad-dress of the addressee and addressor of eachcommunication and any third parties mel-tioned therein against the Master and LocalWatch Lists or the White List.

Joint commander-The commander authorized toexercise unified command or operational con-trol over a joint force which is a generalterm applied to a force composed of signifi-cant elements of the Army, Navy, and theAir Force, or any two of these services.

Joint task force commander-The commander ofa joint force composed of assigned or attachedelements of the Army, Navy, and Air Force,or any two of these services.

Local Watch List-A list of names and addressesof persons, firms, or organizations which areadded to the Master Watch List by the areacensorship detachments or teams on a tem-porary basis pending approval for inclusionin the Master Watch List prepared by ArmedForces censorship headquarters.

AGO 4063C 171

Master Watch List-A list of names and addressesof persons, firms, or organizations of whichspecial information is desired by user agen-cies or by Armed Forces censorship, or whosecommunications require some kind of specialhandling.

Military censorship-All types of censorship con-ducted by personnel of the Armed Forces ofthe United States, to include Armed Forcescensorship, civil censorship, prisoner of warcensorship and field press censorship.

Military services-U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, andU. S. Air Force.

National censorship-This is the examination andcontrol, under the civil authority of theUnited States, of communications entering,leaving, or transiting the United States, itsterritories, or possessions.

Precensorship-This is the advance examinationof travelers' communications. (See pars. 58-63.)

Prisoner of war censorship-This is the examina-tion and control, under the United Statesmilitary authority, of communications to andfrom enemy prisoners of war held by theUnited States military authorities in an over-sea area.

Sans origine-A term used in Armed Forces cen-sorship, principally in cable censorship,meaning "without origin".

Subject Matter Guide-The Subject Matter Guideis a guide containing all of the informational

AGO 4053C172

requirements of the various user agencieswhich are authorized to receive the ArmedForces censorship reports.

Telecommunications-Any transmission, emis-sion, or reception of signs, signals, writings,images, and sounds or intelligence of any na-ture by wire, radio, visual, or other electro-magnetic systems.

Theater commander-A commander of a JointChief of Staff established unified force, whohas been assigned a large general geographicarea of responsibility within which militaryoperations are expected to be largely inde-pendent of other Joint Chiefs of Staff es-tablished forces.

Toll ticket-A nonstandard form used in ArmedForces censorship, in telephone censorshipwhich will contain certain information 're-quired for recording and censoring a call(par. 152f).

Unified commander-The commander of a jointforce composed of significant assigned or at-tached components of two or more services,

.and which is constituted and so designatedby the Joint Chiefs of Staff or by a com-mander of an existing unified command whichwas established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Uniservice commander-A commander of a forcecomposed entirely of elements of only oneservice with the exception of small elementsof another service or services which may beattached.

AVo 45C3

Unit censorship-The type of Armed Forces cen-sorship performed by personnel of a company,battery, squadron, ship's crew, naval station,base, or units of similar level on the com-munications of persons assigned or attachedor otherwise under the jurisdiction of thatunit.

Unit examiner-Any commissioned or warrantofficer at a company, battery, squadron, ship'screw, naval station, base, or similar unit whoperforms unit censorship.

White List-A list of names of persons, firms, ororganizations whose communications are toreceive preferential treatment.

AGO 405c(174

INDEX

Par.gravh. Poi.Action slip:

Delay _____________________ 108d 87Extraction of inclosure ______ 108b 87Missing inclosure -_-_------- 108c 87Return to sender ---_________ 108a 86

Addresses:Cables …-- --___ ____ _________ 49 39Postal:

To enemy territory _____ 28 22To neutral territory ____ 29 22

Allied territory:Censorship in …____--__ _____ 13 12Communication with -_-_____ 27 21

American Red Cross business com-munications _____________- 30a 24

Area censorship:Appointment of area examiners 98 69Censorship performed ____-__ 99 69Flow of mail _______________ 113 93Postal censorship performed by 100 70Responsibility ________-_____ 97 69

Area censorship detachment -_ 112, 114, 122 91, 93, 96Authorized channels of communi-

cation --. ...----- _____.__--- 26 21

Blue envelope:Form (fig. 8) ------------- 111 90Procurement ______-- _______ 42 37

Bureau of Customs, jurisdiction __ 59 48Cables:

Action on incoming messagesafter examination ___..____ 146 117

Addresses ---______________ _ 49 39Authorized channels -_______ 26 21

AGO 40osC 175

Parograihs PaeCables-Continued

Extent of censorship ________ 46 38Filing _-___________________ 48 39Form _…___________________ 49 39Information about censorship

action ___________________ 147 117Information prohibited in -___ 51 43Official ____________________ 141 115Personal -__________________ 142 115Prohibited messages _-______ 50 42Types of messages -____-____ 47 38

Cameras. (See Photographic material.)Cancel (censorship action) ______ 145f 116Captured documents __________-_ 31a(2) 25Civil censorship, jurisdiction -___ llc(3) 11Comment sheet:

Area censorship:Allocation _____________ 107c 85Cable messages _-______ 143 115Classification __________ 107b(5) 85Preparation -_________ 107a, 107b 82

Unit censorship _____________ 169c 145Communications:

Authorized channels ________ 26 21Delay .-___________________ 22 20Discussion of contents by cen-

sors -________________ 96i(3), 166c 68 136Foreign language __________- 32 26Official _-_8________________ 31, 124 26. 97Personal _________-_________ 125 98Privileged __________…______ 30 24Prohibited ______-________-- 40 33To allied territory -- ________ 27 21To enemy territory --________ 29 22To neutral territory -_-_____ 28 22To prisoners of war -_---__-- 44 87

Condemn (censorship action):Cable censorship ____________ 145e 116Postal censorship _--_-______ 126h 101

176 AG0 405a

Paragraphs

Condemned material, dispositionCourier, designation ------------

10261

Definitions ______________-______ GlossaryDelay (censorship

action) -- _---_------- 108d, 126f, 145bDelay of communications ________ 22Delete (censorship action):

Cable censorship ____________ 144 cMicrofilmed mail ____________ 149

Detachment, area censorship_ 112, 114, 122Diaries:

Examination of (area censor-ship) …__________…______ 126i(2)

Handling by (unit censor-ship) ----------------- 168a(2) (b)

Official .---_____ -______ 4 1 cTransmission ______________ 41b

Duties of personnel (AE team):Administrative officer -______ 87Assistant administrative officer 88Assistant censorship supply of-

ficer -__ __.___________ 90Assistant chief area censor __ 72Assistant chief pictorial censor 75Assistant chief postal censor _ 77Assistant chief telecommunica-

tions censor …_____________ 79Assistant chief travelers' cen-

sor .--------------------- 81Assistant information and rec-

ords officer __ …-_______.___ 83Assistant technical operations

officer ___________________ 86Censorship supply officer ---- 89Chief area censor …-_________ 71Chief language censor ______ 91Chief pictorial censor _______ 74Chief postal censor _________ 76

Page

7149

168

87, 100, 11620

115118

91, 93, 96

102

1403636

6263

63585959

60

60

61

626357635859

AGO 4053C 177I

Poragroaph Page

Duties of Personnel (AE Team)--ContinuedChief telecommunications cen-

sor …--__ …......�_ …'..... 78 60Chief travelers' censor ______ 80 60Information and records officer 82 60Liaison officer ___…__________ 73 58Other personnel …-_._____.__ 92 64Technical operations officer __ 85 62Watch list officer ____________ 84 61

Duties of personnel (FC team):Area censor ________________ 96a 66Assistant area censor ____…__ 96b 66Assistant examination super-

visor _________________ 96e 67Assistant translator ___…____ 96h 67Chief examination supervisor _ 96c 66Examination supervisor -_--- 96d 67Examiner ________________… 96i 67Other personnel ____________ 96j 68Senior examiner ____________ 96f 67Translator ----------------- 96g 67

Enemy territory, communication __ 29 22Establishment, Armed Forces cen-

sorship _…---_-______ _________ 6 6Examination procedure (pictorial):

Official ----_______-____- ___ 131a 106Unofficial: 131b 106

Developed …_____________ 133 108Undeveloped _ …-___.____ 132 107

Examination procedure (postal):Civilian mail …____ -_________ 128 105Official mail ___ …-___________ 124 97Other mail _________________ 130 106Parcel post mail ____________ 127 104Personal mail -__.__________ 125 98Prisoner of war mail ________ 129 105

Excise (censorship action):Area censorship _ ….____…__ 126b, 149 100, 118Unit censorship …__________ 169b(2) 142

178 AGO 40530

Paragraphs PageExpeditionary Force Message

(EFM) . . .. ................ 47 38Extract (censorship action) _-- 108b, 126d 87, 100

Film. (See Photographic material.)Filmonized censorship tape, pro-

curement _…_-________________ 101 70Foreign language communications

32, 168a(2) (d) 26, 141Forms:

DD Form 308 and 308-1 _____ 107 81DD Form 309 ......... 108 86DD Form 310 __.- ....... 109 87DD Form 311 ______________ 110 88DD Form 312 . ........... 42, 111 37, 90

Incoming communications:Area censorship . ........_ 126i(5) 103Unit censorship ____ -.__ -____ 168b 141

Individual travel orders -------- - 126i(4) 103Information and records section __ 115 93Information slip:

Disposition ___________.____ 110 90Preparation .--........... 110a, 110b 88

Insured mail ------------ 37a, 168a(2) (c) 30, 140Intermediaries --- _---- _____-__ 39b 33

Jurisdiction, Armed Forces censor-ship ____…-___._____________ 11 10

Mail:Addresses …_. ..----- -_._---- 38 22Authorized channels ________ 26 21Blue envelope -------------- 42 37Civilians attached to military

service ___--_____________ 37c 31Discussion of contents by cen-

sors ----_____________... . 96i(3) 68Enlisted personnel _---_____- 37a 30Extent of censorship ____…___ 36 29Information prohibited 8----- 34 28

AGO 405sC 179

Paragrapll Pro6Mail-Continued

Insured - -__.______ -________ 37a 30Officers' -_________.________ 37b 30Official --________-___-___ 36a 30Opening _______- _125 98Prisoners of war ---_-------- 44 37Privileged _____…_-8________ 30 24Prohibited ____….. _________ 40 33Registered _---__---________ 37a 30Resealing ---------_ --___ _ 126i(6) 103

Mailing procedure:Civilian ---------- 1-------- 37c 31Enlisted ______________ ___ 37a 30Exceptions ---_--------_---- 37d 31Officer …..___ _ . .___________ 37b 30

Master watch list:Maintenance _---_________ _ 104e 79Preparation _______________ 104b 75Source of names ___________ 104a 74

Messages. (See Cables.)Microfilmed mail:

Deletion of -_-____________-- 149 118Examination techniques -_____ 149 118Excision of __________________ 149 118

Missing inclosure (censorship ac-tion) …-___-_____-___ _______ 108c, 126e 87, 100

Neutral territory:Censorship _____…--_________ 13 12Communication ------- 28, 168a(2) (e) 22, 141

Objective, Armed Foces censorship 2 4Official communications:

Cables ---_____-___ ________ _ 46 38Mail -------------- - 36a, 168a(2) (j) 29, 141Photographic material _____- 55a 45Travelers' _________________ 58 47

Opening of mail .-------________ 125 98

Paraphrase (censorship action) __ 145d 116

AGO 4053C180

Pass (censorship action):Area censorship:

Cable censorship ….__---Postal censorship -------Telephone censorship - 157b

Unit censorship ------------ …Penalty for violation ____________Photograph (censorship action) __Photographers, types ---- ______-Photographic material:

Classification _ …_…........---Disposition …--------______Extent of censorship --------Facilities _-_-__ ______-___Information prohibited _-____Processing …----------------

Photostat (censorship action) ____Pictorial section __-_-___._______Ports of embarkation:

Censorship en route _--.--_--Censorship training 173a(2), 17Establishment of censorship -

Issue of censorship supplies __Standard operating procedure

Postal communications:Extent of censorship --------Official --------------------Personal …------------------

Postal section …_-----___________Postcards _------.--------------Press censorship, jurisdiction ----Prisoner of war censorship, juris-

diction …-----------------…Privileged communications ---- 30,Prohibited communications _-_-__Prohibited information __._______

Radiograms. (See Cables.)Radiotelephone. (See Telephone.)

Pa.grph.P

145a12 6a

(2) (a).69b(1)

24126g

54

56e56055

56d57

56a126g

120

164!4b, 177

6101

App. II

3636a36b118

43, 10911e(l)

llc(2 )126i(3)

4033, 34

11510012714220

10145

474645414746

10196

135150, 152, 155

670

158

29293095

37, 8710

1124, 102

3326, 28

AGO 4053C

Pave

181

Paroragahs Page

Receiving and dispatching section 116 94Registered mail …-__-___ _ 37a, 168a(2) (c) 30, 140Reports:

Operational, area censorshipdetachment …-___________ 159, 160 129, 131

Trend and morale __________ 161 131Resealing mail ---------_______ _ 126i(6) 103Return to operating company (cen-

sorship action) _ …_________ 1456g 116Return to sender (censorship action):

Area censorship ___ - _____ 108a, 126c 86, 100Unit censorship ____.______ 1696(3) 143

Scope, Armed Forces censorship __ 1 3Sender's Composition Message

(SCM) _____….. _47 38Special action (censorship action):

Area censorship ____________ 126i 101Unit censorship __…____-____ 169b(4) 144

Sorting, watch list and distributionsection ----______________-___ 117 94

Stamps, censorship:Area examiner:

Classification ______…____ 106b 80Destruction _----__ ____ _ 101 70Issue _________________ 106a 80Procurement ___________ 101 70Transfer __________-___ 106c 80Use ___…_-__.______.___ 106d 81

Design (fig. 1) __________-__ 14 14Numbering __…_-___________ 14 14Unit examiner:

Classification …__-_-_… ... 167b 137Destruction ----_---_--- 167c 138Issue ____-_____________ 167a 137Procurement ---__-_-_-- 167a 137Transfer -______-______ 167o 138Use … ..----.--------- - - 167d 138

AGO 405S3C182

Subject matter guide:Form ----- ___-_…_---------- 103b 73Maintenance _--_-__________ 103d 74Preparation ___.---_________ 103a 72Use -_----___--__.-- ------ 103c 74

Supplies and equipment _______.- 101 70

Tape, filmonized:Destruction ...._. ........ 101 70Procurement ___…____._ _ 101 70

Teams, censorship:"A" Type ______…_. _ 68, 93 54, 64AE teams __.--------------- 70 57"F" Type- .-___.__._ 69 56FA teams ----------------- 94 64FB teams -----_ . . .......--- 95 65FC teams -_-_-------------- 96 66

Technical operations ------------ 126i(1) 101Telecommunications section ______ 121 96Telephone calls …_____________ 52 44Telephone censorship:

Classes of traffic ---- _______ 155 123Examination procedure ______ 157 125Facilities for ________--- ___ 154 123Personnel ---- ___________ _ 151 119Preparation of telephone calls:

Processing -------_---_- 156a 124Watch listing __________ 156b 124

Regulations for caller --_---_ 152 120Regulations for operating com-

panies __------____ ___ _ . 153 121Training:

Conduct of __-_--- _________ 177 155Need for --____ -___________ _ 171 148Responsibility ..... ..._. .... 173 149Types:

Area censor __-__.______ 176 153Individual -______--____ 174 150Unit censor ________…___ 157 125

pranraoh Page

AGO 4053C 1la83

Paragraphs PageTravelers' censorship:

Certificate ____.____________ 62, 139 51, 112Extraction record ___…_______ 140 113Items subject to ____________ 136 110Personnel subject to _ …______ 134 109Persons not subject to …______ 135 109Procedure on part of censor __ 138 112Procedure on part of traveler 137 111

Travelers' communications:Certificate ______…________ 62 51Designation of couriers ______ 61 49Extent of censorship _ -_____. 58 47Jurisdiction of customs ______ 59 48Procedure for securing censor-

ship __ ________________ 60 48Return address …____________ 63 51

Travelers section _ …-____________ 119 95

U. S. Military Postal System:Flow of mail (fig. 2) ________ 20 18Obtaining mail _____________ 21 17Organization _______________ 17 15Regulations ________________ 18 16Sorting . . ......___-______ _19 17

Unit censor:Designation ______________…… 165 135Duties _____________________ 166 136Instruction ________________ 169 141Training - -___ -_____________ 175 152

Unit censorship:Action against violators --_-- 169d 145Establishment ______________ 164 135Responsibility ----- _-_------ 163 134Scope -.__…_-_…_…_------__.. 168 139

Valuables log ________________ 125b, 166e 98, 137Violation:

Penalty _- _ -.----___-______ 24 20Responsibility ___…-_…_.___ __ 23 20

White list __--__…___. __________ _ 105 79

AGO 4053C184

IAG 311-7 (20 Jan 55)]

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:

M. B. RIDGWAY,General, United States Army,

OFFICIAL: - Chief of Staff.JOHN A. KLEIN,

Major Genefal, United States Army,The- Adjutant General.

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army:COFS (1); G-1 (1); G-2 (10); G(3 (1); DEPLOG (1); SS, DA (1); TC Tec Svc, DA (1);TAG, DA (1); SigC Tec Svc, DA (1); AAFPS(1); CONARC (5); OS Maj Comd (10); OS BaseComd (5); Log Comd (5); MDW (1); Armies(10); Corps (1); Tng Div (5); Div (5); Brig(1); Regt (1); Bn (1); Co (1); Class I & IIInstl (1); USMA (1); ARWC (5); CGSC (5);PMST ROTC units (1); RTC (1); Pers Cen (1);Reception Sta (1); POE (1); Mil Dist (10);MAAG (1); Mil Msn (1); ARMA (1).

NG: Same as Active Army except allowance is onecopy to each unit.

USAR: None.Unless otherwise noted, distribution applies to CONUS

and overseas.For explanation of abbreviations used, see SR 320-

50-1.

1 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1955310534

AGO 4053C 185