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KEY PEOPLE• John Clerk of Penicuik: PRO-UNION for economic
reasons. • John Ker, 5th earl of Roxburghe : PRO-UNION for
Personal interests. • Daniel Defoe: An English Spy in Scotland, sent to
promote the union. Been recognised as ‘England’s chief pamphleteer of the Union of 1707’.
• Defoe presented the Union as the only way to end age-old warring.
KEY PEOPLE
• Squadrone Volante: Political group PRO-UNION. Many members had invested heavily in Darien and believed they would receive compensation for their losses upon full union with England.
FOCUS: SCOTLAND
You will each have information sheets from which you will complete a chart. • MUST have a development e.g. example/
explanation with each point. • Aim for AT LEAST 2 points per theme. • Key idea: WHY SCOTLAND WAS FOR/AGAINST
THE UNION.
FOR UNIONEconomic:• Union would help Scotland’s poor economy.
Darien had made Scotland poor. End to Navigation Acts – Scotland could trade with English colonies.
• Empire – English links.
FOR UNIONPolitical• Offered additional support in case of political
threat to nation. • Equal treatment in parliament – could lead to
equal trade. • English army at the border – political pressure
in terms of threat of invasion.
FOR UNIONSocial• Farmers losing homes. Stable economic
background. • Personal Gain: John Ker of Roxburghe was given
a Dukedom. But shouldn’t regard it as bribery.
FOR UNIONReligious• Many Scots afraid of Popery – threat of this
reduced. • Act of Settlement – ensure no Roman Catholic
monarch.
FOR UNIONSuccession• Hanoverian succession would secure Scottish
Protestantism – no Catholic monarch. • Wouldn’t go back to the Stuarts.
AGAINST UNIONEconomic• Taxes may increase. • English trade would be favoured over Scottish – leaving Scottish
economy as it was; no development. E.G. Darien. English unwilling to fund it in case it was detrimental to their trade.
• Scottish trade was different to England’s. This wouldn’t be given thought in a joint parliament.
• Some feared ruin of Scottish manufacturing industry due to difficulties in competing with those of England.
• Scottish people feared they would lose out on trade in Europe.
AGAINST UNIONPolitical• People felt that independent sovereignty would be
sacrificed. • Commissioners thought the Claim of Right would be
undermined by the relationship between the British parliament and the crown.
• Landowners feared reduction in status of Scottish nobility in new British parliament.
• Representation in parliament was proportional to size, therefore, Scotland would have a smaller number of MPs than England. Fear that Scotland’s voice wouldn’t be heard & issues overlooked.
AGAINST UNIONSocial• Threat to Scotland’s legal system & liberties• Loss of Scots identity • Anglo-phobia: hatred/dislike of English
demonstrated in pamphlets.
AGAINST UNIONReligious• Didn’t want changes made to Scottish church
system. • Most in favour of Episcopalian (last resort) • Jacobites: wanted Stuarts back. Full union
would stop this from happening.
FULL V FEDERALFULL - Concerns:• Increase in tax• Competition for trade• Loss of sovereignty • Loss of national
identity• Loss of laws & liberties• 91 petitions against
full union.
FEDERAL –Attractions:• Keep Parliament, laws
and church
• Co-operation & agreement would exist in terms of trade etc.
KEY PERSONANTI-UNION: Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun
• Wanted Scottish Parliament to have greater powers & the monarchy and nobility to have less.
• He viewed Alien Act as an abuse of royal powers• He proposed 12 Limitations on royal & noble
powers• He supported Act of Security etc.
ENGLAND• Important to remember that England was
initially hostile to a closer union with Scotland.
• Tory Leader, Edward Seymour (1700) described Scotland as a ‘blood sucking louse’.
• The English rejected FOUR Scottish approaches for a closer union between 1660-1702.
USE THIS IN AN ANSWER!!!!