Arctic Force Structure: What an Arctic Fleet Might Look Like, by Stephen M. Carmel

8/13/2019 Arctic Force Structure: What an Arctic Fleet Might Look Like, by Stephen M. Carmel

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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn Dggvnr Eostetutego Xtloagrb ^oevnrset

LVHREH XNH^VERU EOERELREQN

DGGQNV EOXRER^REGO

Rdn eohrnlseoi lhhnssefejety ga tdn Lrhteh Ghnlo es jnlbeoi tg irnltnr hgccnrhelj

lhtevety eo tdlt plrt ga tdn wgrjb. Eo lbbetego, ogo-Lrhteh stltns lrn fnieooeoi tg

tlmn eotnrnst eo tdn pgtnotelj lbvlotlins tdn Lrhteh cly laagrb tdnc. Rdn ^oetnb

Xtltns obs etsnja eo l pgsetego wdnrn et bgns ogt dlvn tdn prgpnr igvnrocnot

lssnts tg gpnrltn fnygob l vnry ceoeclj hlplhety eo tdlt plrt ga tdn wgrjb.

Rdnrnagrn, tdnrn es eohrnlseoi eotnrnst eo bnvnjgpeoi l cgrn rgfust gahelj

hlplhety tg gpnrltn eo tdn Lrhteh. Eo grbnr tg clmn eoagrcnb eovnstcnot bnhesegos,

l hgcprndnosevn survny ga tdn bnhesego novergocnot es rnquernb. Rg bltn, og

suhd rnvenw lppnlrs tg dlvn fnno lhhgcpjesdnb. Rdn gfknhtevn ga tdes plpnr es

tg prgvebn suhd l rnvenw lob, flsnb go tdn rnsujts, prgpgsn l pgtnotelj agrhn

struhturn tg naanhtevnjy nxnhutn ^.X. rnspgosefejetens ls lo Lrhteh oltego. Rdes

rnvenw wejj eohjubn lo uobnrstlobeoi ga tdn typns ga lhtevety tlmeoi pjlhn eo tdn

Lrhteh ogw lob jemnjy tg ghhur gvnr tdn rnjnvlot tecn arlcn, wdehd igvnrocnot

linohens fnlr tdn jlrinst rnspgosefejetens, lob tdn igvnrolohn rniecns eo pjlhn

ogw lob onnbnb agr tdn auturn. Eo plrtehujlr, et es ogtnb tdlt tdn feiinst snhurety

hdljjnoin es novergocnotlj snhurety lob tdn feiinst novergocnotlj tdrnlts tg

tdn Lrhteh lrn tnrrnstrelj eo olturn, fut rniecn noagrhncnot cust hgcn argc

clretecn lssnts ga l vlrenty ga igvnrocnot linohens. Qlregus cntdgbs ga oloheoi

lo Lrhteh agrhn struhturn lrn rnvenwnb wdehd, ievno tdn rnljetens ga igvnrocnot

fubints, es lo nssnotelj hgcpgonot ga loy beshussego. Jlstjy, tlmeoi ljj tdn

agrnigeoi tgintdnr, l prgpgsnb stnnt agrhn struhturn es prnsnotnb. Rdn eccnbeltn

sdep typn tdlt hgcns tg ceob wdno hgotncpjlteoi lo Lrhteh stnnt es tdn ehnfrnlmnr.

L prgpnr loljyses, dgwnvnr, jnlbs tg tdn hgohjusego tdlt ehnfrnlmnrs lrn gojy gon

penhn, lob prgflfjy l scljj gon, eo tdn tgtlj sgjutego.

Rdes plpnr ljsg urins rnvenweoi lhtevety eo tdn Lrhteh argc l systnc pnrspnhtevn,

wdehd es vnry beaanrnot argc tdn ogrclj loljyses. Ydno jggmeoi lt tdn Lrhteh, et es

fy Xtnpdno C. Hlrcnj

Lrhteh Xnhurety Eoeteltevn

www.dggvnr.gri/tlsmagrhns/lrhteh-snhurety

Lrhteh Agrhn XtruhturnYdlt lo Lrhteh Ajnnt Ceidt Jggm Jemn


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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn 6 Dggvnr Eostetutego Xtloagrb ^oevnrset

ogt suahenot tg sly tdlt tdn Lrhteh rgutns lrn sdgrtnr lob tdnrnagrn hdnlpnr lob

cgrn jemnjy tg fn usnb, gr tdlt tdn Lrhteh prnsnots l onw rlhn agr rnsgurhns ievno

ets qulotety ga uobeshgvnrnb gej lob ils. Rdn loljyses cust fn cuhd cgrn oulohnb

lob uobnrtlmno wetdeo tdn hgotnxt ga l hgcpjnx ijgflj trlbeoi systnc. Rdn tnrcsystnc es hretehlj dnrn; l clkgr cestlmn tdlt vertuljjy ljj loljysns ga tdn Lrhteh,

lob eo plrtehujlr pgpujlr prnss loljysns, clmn es tg venw tdn Lrhteh eo esgjltego.


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slanty-ga-jean-lt-snl cessego, ls wnjj ls l fgrbnr snhurety essun. Hruesn sdep trlah es

prnsnot eo jlrin lob irgweoi oucfnrs reidt ogw, dnohn rnprnsnots l cessego tdlt

es eccnbeltn eo onnb.

Rdn pgpujlr prnss tnobs tg fn wejbjy eolhhurltn go tdn sufknht ga sdeppeoi eo tdn

Lrhteh, wdehd hlo jnlb tg pufjeh lob pgjetehlj cesuobnrstlobeoi ga tdn olturn lob

pgtnotelj sgjutegos agr Lrhteh prgfjncs. Ijgflj trlospgrtltego, lob spnhehljjy

tdn typn tdlt brevns ijgfljezltego tgbly, es lo nogrcgusjy hgcpjnx sufknht tdlt

rnquerns hgosebnreoi cloy alhtgrs wdno nvljulteoi tdn pgtnotelj lttrlhtevnonss ga

loy gon trlbn jlon gvnr ljtnroltevns. Ydno hgosebnreoi sdeppeoi tdrguid tdn Lrhteh,

tdnrn lrn twg vnry besteoht hgosebnrltegos tdlt cust fn rnvenwnb. Aerst es rgutn, lob

tdn snhgob es tdn typn ga sdeppeoi. Rdn twg rgutns tg fn nxlceonb eo bntlej lrn tdn

Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn lhrgss tdn ogrtd hglst ga Vussel, lob tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin

tdrguid tdn ogrtdnro Hlolbelo Lrhdepnjlig. (Rdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn wejj ljsg fn

ogtnb fut bescessnb ls errnjnvlot tg tdes beshussego.) Rdnrn lrn ljsg twg preohepljtypns ga sdeppeoi tg fn hgosebnrnb.2Rdnsn dlvn vnry beaanrnot nhgogceh brevnrs

lob tnhdoehlj hgosebnrltegos ls wnjj ls ecpjehltegos agr igvnrolohn lob tdn lssnts

onnbnb agr noagrhncnot. Rdn rst typn es bnsteoltego sdeppeoisdeppeoi tdlt

ghhurs wetd l pgrt eo tdn Lrhteh ls gon tnrceous ga tdn vgylin. Rdn snhgob typn

es trloset sdeppeoi, wdehd usns tdn Lrhteh ls l sdgrt hut fntwnno twg pgeots ogt

jghltnb eo tdn Lrhteh.

Gej lob ils lhtevety es ga hgursn l clkgr essun eo tdn Lrhteh, fgtd eo etsnja lob ljsg

ls l brevnr agr bnsteoltego sdeppeoi. Et es ghhurreoi ogw, lob rnprnsnots gon ga tdn

feiinst tdrnlts argc lo novergocnotlj snhurety pnrspnhtevn. Ydejn tdes es tdn lrnl

puobets gatno pgeot tg ls l pgtnotelj sgurhn ga hgosteht eo tdn Lrhteh, tdn gej lob ils

rnsnrvns lrn ljcgst ljj wetdeo uohgotnstnb NN[s (nxhjusevn nhgogceh zgons), lob

tdn jnilj cnhdloescs agr lbkubehlteoi loy rncleoeoi besputns lrn wnjj-nstlfjesdnb

lob strehtjy lbdnrnb tg fy Lrhteh stlmndgjbnrs. Rdn rnlj beshussego ga rnjnvlohn es

dgw cuhd ga tdn gej lob ils es lhtuljjy jemnjy tg fn bnvnjgpnb ievno tdn jlrin lob

rlpeb hdloins eo tdn ijgflj nonriy clrmnts tdlt lrn ghhurreoi lt tdn slcn tecn tdlt

tdn Lrhteh fnhgcns cgrn lhhnssefjn. Gohn lileo, lfsgjutn hdloins eo tdn Lrhteh

bgot clttnr= hdloins eo tdn Lrhteh rnjltevn tg hdloins njsnwdnrn eo tdn systnc wejj

bntnrceon wdlt lhtuljjy dlppnos tdnrn.

Aesdeoi

Rg tdn nxtnot tdlt tdnrn es l pgtnotelj agr hgosteht eo tdn Lrhteh et es sdeoi, ogt

olturlj rnsgurhns suhd ls gej gr ils, tdlt wgujb cgst jemnjy fn tdn hlusn. Aesdeoi

reidts dlvn fnno tdn sgurhn ga hgosteht eo tdn plst= eo alht, tdny wnrn tdn sgurhn ga l

pgtnotelj lrcnb hgosteht fntwnno OLRG ljjens twehn. Rdn Hgb Ylrs fntwnno Ehnjlob

lob tdn ^oetnb Meoibgc eo tdn 0s lob lileo eo tdn


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Rdn inonrlj lssucptego, plrtehujlrjy eo tdn pgpujlr prnss, es tdlt sd pgpujltegos

wejj cgvn eo rnlhtego tg hdloieoi ghnlo tncpnrlturns lob sljeoety. Rdn shenohn es

alr argc snttjnb, lob tdnrn es og hgohjusevn nvebnohn tdlt tdnsn ceirltego plttnros

lrn dlppnoeoi gr jemnjy tg dlppno. Dgwnvnr, tdn spnhujltego es ogt uowlrrlotnb.Hurrnotjy tdn Lrhteh Hguohej nstecltns tdlt >0 pnrhnot ga ljj clreon lhtevety eo tdn

Lrhteh es rnjltnb tg sdeoi. Hnrtleojy tdn lfejety ga sdeoi vnssnjs tg ogw gpnrltn

eo lrnls wdnrn tdny prnvegusjy hgujb ogt rnprnsnots l igvnrolohn hdljjnoin,

rnilrbjnss ga wdnrn tdn sd ceirltn. Ydejn ets nxpnhtnb tdlt Lrhteh hguotrens

dlvn sdeoi stnnts gpnrlteoi eo tdlt lrnl ogw, eo rnljety loy hguotry tdlt dls l

rgfust sdeoi eobustry (Hdeol, Klplo, Xpleo, lcgoi gtdnrs) wejj venw tdn Lrhteh

wetd irnlt eotnrnst. Rdnrnagrn, argc l rgjns lob cessegos pnrspnhtevn, sdnrens

pltrgj lob noagrhncnot sdgujb fn ievno deid pregrety. Ydejn tdn oetnb Xtltns cly

dlvn floonb sdeoi eo Lrhteh wltnrs ogrtd ga tdn Fnreoi Xtrlet, agr nxlcpjn, et tlmns

lssnts tg noagrhn tdlt flo, lob wetdgut suahenot lssnts, tdn flo es cnloeoijnss.

Hruesn Xdep Rrlah

Hruesn sdep trlah, go tdn gtdnr dlob, rnprnsnots pgtnoteljjy tdn cgst seioehlot

slanty lspnht ga tdn Lrhteh. Bestlohns eo tdn Lrhteh lrn vlst wetd vnry jecetnb

eoarlstruhturn ga loy typn. Rdnrn lrn og rnsgurhns tg hgobuht loy typn ga jlrin-

shljn rnshun gpnrltego eo l tecnjy cloonrcgst rnsgurhns lrn jghltnb snvnrlj

blys trloset tecn lwly. Eo hlsn ga lo lhhebnot, trnltcnot gptegos agr tdn eokurnb

wgujb fn ceoeclj lt fnst. Rdn Lirnncnot go Hggpnrltego go Lnrgolutehlj lob

Clretecn Xnlrhd lob Vnshun eo tdn Lrhteh wls notnrnb eotg fy tdn neidt Lrhteh stltns

uobnr tdn luspehns ga tdn Lrhteh Hguohej, eo Cly 60


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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn > Dggvnr Eostetutego Xtloagrb ôevnrset

Lebs tg olveiltego lrn anw lob njnhtrgoeh lebs cuhd jnss usnauj bun tg vnry jgw

hglsts lob tdn prnsnohn ga alst ehn tdlt hdloins tdn sdlpn ga l sdgrnjeon eo rnjltego

tg l hdlrt, wdehd clmns rlblr jnss usnauj. Xltnjjetn olveiltego es ljsg jecetnb bun tg

tdn naanhts ga deid jltetubn go sltnjjetn quljety. Go tgp ga tdnsn alhtgrs, tdn wltnr eshgjb, cnloeoi survevlj tecn es sdgrt, lob tdnrn lrn og alhejetens tg trnlt vehtecs ga

loy sgrt ga hlsuljty fnygob l scljj gon. Vnshun lssnts lrn gatno blys lwly. Et es

ogt beahujt tg eclieon dgw quehmjy lo ehnfrnlmnr wgujb fn gvnrwdnjcnb ea et wls

tlsmnb wetd rnshueoi lob hlreoi agr gvnr 2,000 pngpjn, cloy njbnrjy gr eokurnb. Eo

trutd, l hruesn sdep wgujb ogt fn gpnrlteoi eo wltnrs wdnrn lo ehnfrnlmnr wgujb

fn onhnsslry tdnrnagrn et es deidjy uojemnjy tdlt gon wgujb lhtuljjy fn onlrfy. Nvno

suhd flseh tdeois ls aggb, wltnr, cnbehlj hlrn, sdnjtnr, lob sloetlry alhejetens wgujb

ogt fn lvlejlfjn, nvno ea tdn ehnfrnlmnr wls reidt fnsebn tdn plssnoinr sdep wdno et

wnot bgwo. L Hgstl Hgohgrbel typn ga lhhebnot eo tdn Lrhteh wgujb tdnrnagrn jnlb

tg l hltlstrgpdeh jgss ga jean. Hruesn sdep lhhebnots sdgujb fn l spnhelj hgohnro agr

tdn Lcnrehlo igvnrocnot, ievno tdlt ^.X. heteznos wgujb og bguft fn tdn bgceolottypn ga plssnoinr agr hruesns eo tdn Ljlsml lrnl. Xdgujb l clkgr hruesn sdep lhhebnot

ghhur eo tdn Lrhteh, Hgoirnss lob tdn Lcnrehlo pngpjn wgujb nxpnht tdlt tdn

igvnrocnot, lob plrtehujlrjy tdn ôetnb Xtltns Hglst Iulrb, wgujb fn eo l pgsetego

tg rnshun ets heteznos. Rdn Hglst Iulrb es ogt eo loy wly hlplfjn ga aujjjeoi tdlt

cessego ogw. Rdnrnagrn, argc l slanty pnrspnhtevn, rgfust lob pnrsestnot snlrhd lob

rnshun hlplfejety, fgtd suralhn lob lveltego, wetd tdn lfejety tg dlobjn vnry jlrin

nvnots es l pregrety. Rdnsn slanty essuns lrn ogt eo tdn bestlot auturntdny nxest ogw

lob tdn ôetnb Xtltns bgns ogt dlvn tdn rnspgosn hlplfejety tg dlobjn tdnc.

Bnsteoltego Xdeppeoi vs. Rrloset Xdeppeoi

Bnsteoltego sdeppeoi es sdeppeoi tdlt dls gon ga ets pgeots eo tdn Lrhteh. Nxlcpjns

eohjubn sdeppeoi igeoi eotg tdn Lrhteh tg int tg tdn Vnb Bgi ceon, tdn jlrinst

zeoh ceon eo tdn wgrjb, wdehd es jghltnb eo tdn Ljlsmlo Lrhteh, lob hurrnotjy

rnprnsnots l seioehlot sgurhn ga Lrhteh clreon trlah.9Logtdnr nxlcpjn es gej lob

ils sdeppeoi tdlt greieoltns eo tdn Vusselo gr Ogrwnielo Flrnots Xnl lrnl, fut es

bnsteonb agr Lsel. Rdes typn ga sdeppeoi ljsg nxests ogw lob wejj prgflfjy irgw eo

tdn auturn. Ydejn tdes typn ga lhtevety es hjnlrjy eohrnlseoi eo olturn, ets vgjucn es

stejj rnjltevnjy scljj wdno hgcplrnb tg tdn shljn ga trlah tdlt igns tdrguid hloljs

gr gtdnr trlbetegolj rgutns. Eo 60


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lrn rlw cltnreljs gr flseh hgccgbetens tdlt lrn ogt tecn snosetevn. Ls wejj fn

beshussnb eo cgrn bntlej eo tdn onxt snhtego go trloset sdeppeoi, tdn Lrhteh rgutns,

wdejn pgtnoteljjy sdgrtnr, suaanr argc essuns suhd ls vlrelfejety eo trloset tecns, sdep

sezn/nhgogcens ga shljn, lob ontwgrm eonahenohens tdlt clmn et uolttrlhtevn agrtdlt typn ga lhtevety. Bnsteoltego sdeppeoi go tdn gtdnr dlob es cgrn lcnolfjn tg

Lrhteh trloset rgutns seohn et es ogt ls flbjy ecplhtnb fy tdn essuns tdlt clmn Lrhteh

rgutns beahujt.

Rrloset sdeppeoi es sdeppeoi tdlt usns tdn Lrhteh ls l sdgrt hut fntwnno twg

pjlhns gutsebn tdn Lrhteh, agr eostlohn, l hgotleonrsdep clmeoi l vgylin fntwnno

Vgttnrblc lob Ugmgdlcl useoi tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn. Rdn typn ga sdeppeoi

tdlt brevns ijgfljezltego tgbly es hgotleonr sdeppeoi lob sg, argc lo nhgogceh

bnvnjgpcnot pnrspnhtevn, hgotleonr sdeppeoi es tdn cgst ecpgrtlot ea tdn Lrhteh

es tg fnhgcn l clkgr pltdwly ga ijgflj hgccnrhn. Hgotleonr sdeppeoi hgupjnb

wetd lbvlohns eo eoagrcltego tnhdogjgiy es rnspgosefjn agr tdn wgrjb wn snn tgbly,eohjubeoi besliirniltnb suppjy hdleos lob dypnr-jgw-hgst cloualhtureoi.


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pgrt eo Etljy snrveheoi hnotrlj Nurgpn vel rlej, lo gptego jgst vel tdn Ogrtdnro

Xnl Vgutn. Rdes hgcfeoltego clmns hgotleonr sdeppeoi cuhd jnss lcnolfjn tg

Lrhteh rgutns.

Xdeppeoi Vgutns

Loy beshussego ga tdn Lrhteh eovlrelfjy cnotegos dgw cuhd sdgrtnr l rgutn et

prgvebns fntwnno twg pgrt plers. (Vgttnrblc tg Ugmgdlcl snncs tg fn tdn pgpujlr

hdgehn.) Fut wdno bnljeoi wetd tdn Lrhteh, sdgrtnr es ogt onhnsslrejy alstnr gr

hdnlpnr. Ljsg, tdrnn pgtnotelj trlospgrt rgutns cust fn hgosebnrnb. Rdn rst es tdn

Ogrtdwnst Plsslin lhrgss tdn tgp ga Hlolbl, tdn snhgob es tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn

(ljsg sgcntecns hljjnb tdn Ogrtdnlst Plsslin) lhrgss tdn tgp ga Vussel, lob tdn

tderb es tdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn, bernhtjy lhrgss tdn pgjn.

Rdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn es gon lrnl wdnrn alejeoi tg loljyzn tdn Lrhteh argc l systnc

pnrspnhtevn jnlbs tg alujty hgohjusegos. Rdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn wgujb, ea gpno,prgvebn l bnnpwltnr bernht jeom lhrgss tdn Lrhteh Ghnlo fntwnno Lsel lob Nurgpn.

Ehn prgknhtegos, dgwnvnr, bg ogt sdgw tdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn fneoi olveilfjn agr

hgccnrhelj trlah eo tdn tecn arlcn hgosebnrnb rnjnvlot argc l systnc pnrspnhtevn.

Ls ogtnb nlrjenr, l seioehlot cestlmn clbn wdno hgosebnreoi tdn Lrhteh es tg

lssucn tdlt tdn Lrhteh es hdloieoi eobnpnobnotjy ga hdloins njsnwdnrn eo tdn

ijgflj systnc. Loljysns arnqunotjy prgknht l beceoesdnb ehn jnvnj tg tdn nxtnot

tdlt tdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn wgujb fn lvlejlfjn eo tdn 6020 tg 60>0 tecn arlcn. Rdn

loljysns tdno ig go tg supnrecpgsn tdn hurrnot ing-nhgogceh setultego gotg

tdlt ehn-beceoesdnb Lrhteh, wdehd clmns tdner hgohjusegos eovljeb. Ydlt clttnrs

es tdn ing-nhgogceh setultego ls et wejj nxest lt tdlt pgeot eo tdn auturn; tdn ijgflj

systnc es hdloieoi nvno alstnr tdlo tdn Lrhteh. Eo l secejlrjy sdgrt splo ga tecn,

agr nxlcpjn, tdn eoogvltego ga tdn hgotleonr hgcpjntnjy trlosagrcnb tdn wgrjb

nhgogcy, prgpnjjeoi Hdeol argc lo nhgogceh flhmwltnr tg l ijgflj nhgogceh

pgwnrdgusn. Rdnrn es nvnry rnlsgo tg fnjenvn tdlt suhd beshgoteougus lbvlohns

wejj ghhur lileo, lob eo alht lrn ghhurreoi. Cuhd hlo dlppno eo agrty ynlrs. Rdnrn

lrn lbvlohns eo cloualhtureoi, suhd ls 8-B preoteoi, tdlt wejj trlosagrc wgrjb

trlbn nvnry fet ls cuhd, ea ogt cgrn, tdlo tdn hgotleonr beb, lileo rn-grbnreoi tdn

ijgflj pgjetehlj nhgogcy. Et es noternjy pgssefjn tdlt suhd lbvlohns hgujb clmn l

jlrin snicnot ga ijgflj sdeppeoi gfsgjntn fy ceb-hnotury, cnloeoi tdlt lbvlohns eo

tnhdogjgiy ceidt rnobnr tdn Lrhteh rgutns errnjnvlot fnagrn hjecltn hdloin ljjgws

tdnc tg fn prlhtehlj. Rdnrnagrn, agr tdn purpgsns ga tdes stuby, tdn aghus es mnpt

go tdn onlr- tg ceb-tnrc (606> tecn arlcn), lob tdn Rrlospgjlr Vgutn wejj ogt fn

hgosebnrnb aurtdnr.

Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn lob Ogrtdwnst Plsslin Rdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn lob tdn

Ogrtdwnst Plsslin dlvn vnry beaanrnot ingirlpdehlj anlturns tdlt, eo tdn hgotnxt ga

nxesteoi trlospgrtltego ljtnroltevns, rnquern snplrltn loljyses lob cgbnjeoi. Rdn

Ogrtdwnst Plsslin wgujb typehljjy fn usnauj agr trlbn fntwnno tdn nlstnro plrt


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ga tdn Ogrtd Lcnrehlo hgoteonot lob Lsel. Rdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin hgcpntns wetd

tdn Plolcl Hlolj, wdehd es uobnrigeoi lo nxplosego prgknht tdlt wejj brlcltehljjy

eohrnlsn tdn sezn ga tdn sdeps tdlt hlo usn et agr trloset, naanhteoi rnjltevn nhgogcens

ga shljn.


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Prubdgn Fly tg tdn Nlst Hglst lhrgss tdn Lrhteh Ghnlo. Eo Xnptncfnr ga tdlt

ynlr tdn X.X. Clodlttlo, l seioehlotjy cgbenb


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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn


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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn Rdn

Hdeonsn lppnlr tg fn eotnrnstnb eo tdn rgutn fnhlusn, wdejn et hgujb rnbuhn hgsts ga

trlbn, et wejj hnrtleojy clmn tdnc jnss bnpnobnot go gej ecpgrts tdrguid tdn Xtrletga Cljlhhl (wdehd hlo fn sdut bgwo fy tdn oetnb Xtltns eo hlsn ga hgosteht), wdehd

es l wnjj-mogwo strltnieh ecpnrltevn agr tdn Hdeonsn. Ecpgrts ga Vusselo gej argc tdn

Flrnots rniego vel tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn lrn cuhd cgrn snhurn, dnohn lttrlhtevn

argc l oltegolj snhurety pnrspnhtevn, tdlo lrn ecpgrts ga Cebbjn Nlst gej vel

Cljlhhl. Rdnrnagrn, tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn plrteljjy sgjvns tdn Hdeonsn Cljlhhl

prgfjnc, bncgostrlteoi tdlt tdnrn lrn ogo-nhgogceh brevnrs lt wgrm eo bnvnjgpeoi

tdn OXV, l setultego tdlt bgns ogt nxest wetd tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin.

Rdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn es ogw eo usn agr bnsteoltego sdeppeoi, lob tdnrn es og

bguft tdlt ets usn agr tdes typn ga sdeppeoi wejj irgw eo tdn auturn. Rdnrn lrn stejj

uornsgjvnb essuns eo tnrcs ga tdn utejety ga tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn agr hgotleonrsdeppeoi, preohepljjy rnjltnb tg nhgogcens ga shljn lob ontwgrm nhgogcehs.

Ontwgrm nhgogcehs lriun lileost l sustleonb usn ga tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn

agr jlrin-shljn eotnroltegolj sdeppeoi. Ls ogtnb eo tdn snhtego go tdn Ogrtdwnst

Plsslin, hgotleonr sdeppeoi gpnrltns eo eotnirltnb eotnrcgblj ontwgrms, ogt

secpjy fntwnno twg pgrt plers. Rdn olturn ga tdnsn ontwgrms es eo etsnja l sgurhn ga

nhgogceh nahenohy. Ghnlo ontwgrms eotnrsnht lt clkgr trlossdepcnot pgrts suhd

ls Xeoilpgrn gr Ljinherls ljjgweoi hgosebnrlfjn stnxefejety eo hlrig jglbeoi. Agr

nxlcpjn, l sdep snrveheoi tdn Lsel-tg-Nurgpn trlbn fut hljjeoi lt tdn trlossdepcnot

pgrt ga Ljinherls hgujb ljsg hlrry hlrig agr tdn trlbn jlon jeomeoi tdn wnst hglst ga

Larehl wetd Lsel. Rdn sdep hlrryeoi hlrig argc Lsel brgps tdn hlrig gaa eo Ljinherls,

wdnrn l Ynst Larehl annbnr ruooeoi bgwo tdn Larehlo Hglst pehms et up agr gowlrb

trlospgrt tg ets olj pgrt ga bnsteoltego. Hjnlrjy l sdep useoi tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn

bgns ogt dlvn tdn gppgrtuoety tg plrtehepltn eo tdes typn ga ontwgrm.

Logtdnr seioehlot, ea ogt tdn feiinst, essun clmeoi Lrhteh sdeppeoi uolhhnptlfjn

argc l hgotleonr-sdeppeoi pnrspnhtevn es nhgogcy ga shljn. Ydejn hgovnotegolj

wesbgc wgujb aghus go tgtlj vgylin hgst, et es lhtuljjy tdn hgst pnr hgotleonr

tdlt clttnrs. Fnhlusn fgtd tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn lob tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin

lrn brlat-hgostrleonb (-cntnr lob 00 RN^ (twnoty-aggt nquevljnot uoet)lob nvno jnss

agr tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin. Rdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn ljsg dls l fnlc rnstrehtego

ga tderty cntnrs, ievno tdlt trloseteoi sdeps hloogt fn webnr tdlo tdn ehnfrnlmnrs

ncpjgynb tg suppgrt tdnc. Agr tdn Lsel-tg-Nurgpn trlbn go tdn gtdnr dlob,

hgotleonrsdeps hlo fn ls jlrin ls


14/48

Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn 00. Alhtgreoi eo ljj nxpnosns suhd ls aunj lob blejy sdep-gpnrltego, tdn

hgst ga tdn trlbetegolj rgutn wgujb fn eo tdn rloin ga $8.> cejjego, wdejn tdn Lrhteh

rgutn wgujb fn lrguob $6.> cejjego.

Lob tdlt es ls alr ls cgst loljysns ogrcljjy ig, sdgweoi tdlt tdn Lrhteh rgutn

es hgosebnrlfjy hdnlpnr. Fut ls ogtnb nlrjenr, wdlt clttnrs es ogt tgtlj hgst fut

hgst-pnr-hgotleonr, lob wdno put eo tdgsn tnrcs tdlt frnlms bgwo tg $>84 agr tdn

trlbetegolj rgutn fut $0 go tdn Lrhteh rgutn. Xg eo alht tdn Lrhteh rgutn es cgrn

tdlo twehn ls nxpnosevn ls tdn trlbetegolj rgutn, lob tdn Lrhteh rgutn jggms nvno

wgrsn eo hgcplresgo wetd nvno jlrinr sdeps go tdn trlbetegolj rgutn. Rdn Clnrsm

Jeon, agr nxlcpjn, dls rnhnotjy bnpjgynb tdn onw Rrepjn-N hjlss sdeps wetd logceolj hlplhety ga


15/48

Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn Dggvnr Eostetutego Xtloagrb ^oevnrset

AEI^VN 6;Ljlsml Ogrtd Xjgpn Gej Prgbuhtego uobnr Rdrnn Gej-prehn Hlsns,

cejjegoflrrnjspnrbly

6


16/48



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18/48



19/48

Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn Ydejn Lotlrhtehl es jestnb ls l spnhelj lrnl

agr snvnrlj CLVPGJ loonxns, tdn Lrhteh es ogt jestnb lt ljj. Eo lbbetego, CLVPGJ

prgvebns agr tdn bnseioltego ga hnrtleo lrnls ls plrtehujlrjy snosetevn snl lrnls

(PXXL).81Rdnsn lrn lrnls bnseioltnb agr spnhelj prgtnhtego bun tg tdner rnhgioeznb

sghegnhgogceh, nhgjgiehlj, gr shenoteh hdlrlhtnrestehs. Rdnsn lrnls eohjubn gons

tdlt lrn deidjy vujonrlfjn tg blclin fy clreon lhtevety. Rdn iuebnjeons agr tdn

bnseioltego ga lo lrnl ls l PXXL lrn ls agjjgws; ea tdny aujjj l oucfnr ga hretnrel,

eohjubeoi; nhgjgiehlj hretnrel, suhd ls uoequn gr rlrn nhgsystnc, bevnrsety ga tdn

nhgsystnc, gr vujonrlfejety tg bnirlbltego fy olturlj nvnots gr duclo lhtevetens=


20/48


sghelj, hujturlj lob nhgogceh hretnrel, suhd ls seioehlohn ga tdn lrnl agr rnhrnltego

gr tguresc= lob shenoteh lob nbuhltegolj hretnrel, suhd ls fegjgiehlj rnsnlrhd gr

destgrehlj vljun.89Rdn bnoetego ga l PXXL hgotleonb eo CLVPGJ suhheohtjy

bnshrefns tdn Lrhteh rniego. Rdnsn nssnotelj hdlrlhtnrestehs lrn gatno lob prgpnrjyhetnb wdno clmeoi tdn lriucnot tdlt l spnhelj rniujltgry rniecn es onnbnb agr tdn

Lrhteh seohn tdn hurrnot gon es eolbnqultn ls tdn Lrhteh bgns ogt eo alht nokgy loy

spnhelj prgtnhtego tdlt CLVPGJ laagrbs.

Rdn Lrhteh es ogt bnseioltnb ls netdnr l PXXL gr spnhelj lrnl uobnr CLVPGJ.

Rdnrnagrn, tdn ilp es ogt fnhlusn l rniujltgry arlcnwgrm es ogt prnsnot, fut rltdnr

fnhlusn tdn rniujltgry arlcnwgrm tdlt nxests dls ogt fnno utejeznb. Ydejn et es trun

tdlt tdn bnseioltego ga l PXXL gr spnhelj lrnl es tecn-hgosuceoi uobnr tdn ECG

arlcnwgrm, et es tecn-hgosuceoi agr rnlsgos fnygob secpjn furnluhrlteh eonrtel.

Xuhd bnseioltegos ecpgsn rnlj hgsts go jghlj hgccnrhelj lhtevetens lob rlesn rnlj

essuns ga sgvnrneioty agr tdn hglstlj stltns lob tdnrnagrn rnquern nxtnosevn loljyseslob pgjetehlj clonuvnreoi. Eo lbbetego, bnseioltego ga tdn Lrhteh ls l spnhelj lrnl

uobnr CLVPGJ wgujb pjlhn hgosebnrlfjn rnquerncnots go Lrhteh hglstlj stltns eo

tnrcs ga wlstn lob sjgp gej rnhnptego alhejetens, wdehd jlrinjy bg ogt nxest hurrnotjy.

Rdnrn es og rnlsgo tg fnjenvn lflobgoeoi l alcejelr ea tecn-hgosuceoi arlcnwgrm

lob nobnlvgreoi tg snt up l hgcpjntnjy onw gon wejj fn loy cgrn nahenot gr

naanhtevn seohn tdn auoblcnotlj essuns rncleo.

Rdn ECG bgns rnhgioezn tdlt lsebn argc tdn essun ga pgjjutego tdn Lrhteh es suhd

l uoequn novergocnot tdlt hgosgjebltego ga rniujltgry rnquerncnots eotg l seoijn

hgbn, nxplobnb tg lbbrnss tdn uoequn lspnhts ga pgjlr gpnrltegos, es onnbnb. Eo

6005 tdn ECG lbgptnb tdn Iuebnjeons agr Xdeps Gpnrlteoi eo Pgjlr Yltnrs, wdehd es

lo upbltn lob rnvesego ga tdn Iuebnjeons agr Xdeps Gpnrlteoi eo Lrhteh Ehn Hgvnrnb

Yltnrs lbgptnb eo 6006.84L hgccgo hretehesc ga tdn iuebnjeons es tdlt tdny lrn

gojy iuebnjeons lob ogt clobltgry. Dgwnvnr, ls l rnsujt ga tdn lbgptego ga tdn 6005

iuebnjeons, tdn ECG es hurrnotjy eo tdn prghnss ga bnvnjgpeoi l clobltgry Pgjlr

Hgbn wdehd wls nxpnhtnb tg dlvn fnno oljeznb eo 60


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Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn 6


22/48


stli stltn es uoeovgjvnb eo loy cnloeoiauj wly eo tdn noagrhncnot ga rniujltegos

go ets stli sdeps, tdn pgtnotelj agr sdeps trlbeoi eo tdn Lrhteh (gr loywdnrn njsn

tdn prgfjnc es ogt rnstrehtnb tg tdn Lrhteh) tg ogt hgcpjy wetd netdnr rniujltgry

rnquerncnots gr iuebnjeons es eohrnlsnb.22Rdn Plres Cncgrlobuc ga ^obnrstlobeoigo Pgrt Xtltn Hgotrgj (Plres CG^) es lo naagrt tg lbbrnss tdlt setultego go l inonrlj

flses. Rdn Plres CG^ hgosests ga twnoty-snvno plrteheplteoi clretecn lutdgretens

gpnrlteoi l dlrcgoeznb pgrt stltn hgotrgj eospnhtego prghnss. Rdn CG^ cleotleos

l bltlflsn ga gaanobnrs, gpnrltns l rgfust mogwjnbin-sdlreoi prgirlc, hlo

rnstreht sdeps argc prghnnbeoi pnobeoi hgrrnhtego ga bnhenohens, lob nosurns tdlt

sdeps wetdeo tdner kuresbehtego cnnt ljj eotnroltegolj rniujltgry rnquerncnots.2>Eo

lbbetego, OHJGX ievns pgrt stltn hgotrgj lutdgretens pgwnr tg noagrhn vegjltegos

ga ECG rniujltegos tdlt ghhur go tdn deid snls, eo tdn NN[, gr nvno eo logtdnr

kuresbehtego ea rnqunstnb. Rdnrnagrn, tdn pgrt stltn hgotrgj prghnss, hgupjnb wetd

lbvlohns eo rncgtn cgoetgreoi lob snoseoi, wgujb ljjgw lhtevn noagrhncnot ga

eotnroltegolj rniujltegos lt rnjltevnjy cgbnst eohrncnotlj hgst. Ljj Lrhteh hglstljstltns lrn cncfnrs ga tdn Plres CG^. Rdes prghnss ievns Lrhteh stltns hgosebnrlfjn

noagrhncnot lutdgrety, nspnheljjy wdno tdn bnsteoltego olturn ga cgst hurrnot

Lrhteh sdeppeoi es tlmno eotg lhhguot. Inoueon trloset sdeppeoi, wdnrn OHJGX

Lrtehjn


23/48


dujjs fnhlcn l stloblrb agr eotnroltegolj tlomnr hgostruhtego nvno tdguid et wls

ogt ynt lo eotnroltegolj rnquerncnot. Rdn rnquerncnots ga tdn jelfejety rniecn,

eohjubeoi prnvegusjy slhrgsloht jniljetens suhd ls rncgveoi tdn prgtnhtego ga tdn

hgrpgrltn vnej, jlrin tg onlrjy uojecetnb jelfejety, lob tdn pgsteoi ga hnrtehltnsga olohelj rnspgosefejety fnhlcn stloblrb eotnroltegoljjy eo l clttnr ga ynlrs.

Rdnrnagrn, l hggrbeoltnb naagrt fy hglstlj stltns tg noagrhn l hgosestnot snt ga

rnquerncnots agr pgrt notry eo tdn Lrhteh wejj dlvn tdn slcn naanht ls clobltgry

eotnroltegolj rnquerncnots bun tg tdn olturn ga sdeppeoi eo tdn Lrhteh, rnobnreoi

tdes hretehesc cggt.

Xdep rebnr prgirlcs lrn logtdnr gptego tdlt Lrhteh hglstlj stltns hgujb hgosebnr

lob tdlt hgujb fn naanhtnb wetdeo tdn nxesteoi hgostruht ga eotnroltegolj rniujltego.

Agr nxlcpjn, tdn stltn ga Ljlsml dls l prgirlc hljjnb tdn Ljlsml Ghnlo Vloinr

Prgirlc tlrintnb lt novergocnotlj hgcpjelohn fy eotnroltegolj hruesn sdeps

gpnrlteoi eo Ljlsmlo wltnrs. ^obnr tdes prgirlc, auobnb fy anns lssnssnb lileosttdn hruesn eobustry, tdn stltn ga Ljlsml pjlhns gfsnrvnrs lfglrb tdn hruesn sdeps

agr tdn burltego ga tdner stly eo Ljlsml wltnrs tg vnreay hgcpjelohn wetd jghlj, stltn,

anbnrlj, lob eotnroltegolj rniujltegos.24

Rdn agrnigeoi es ogt ljj-eohjusevn fut eotnobnb tg ejjustrltn tdlt tdnrn lrn gptegos

agr l cgrn naanhtevn igvnrolohn rniecn wetdeo tdn nxesteoi arlcnwgrm. Lrhteh

hglstlj stltns dlvn l secejlr lfejety tg ecpjncnot jghlj rnquerncnots tdlt, bun tg tdn

bnsteoltego olturn ga sdeppeoi eo tdn rniego, wgujb fnhgcn bn alhtg eotnroltegolj

stloblrbs agr sdeps gpnrlteoi eo tdn Lrhteh. Agr nxlcpjn, ea tdn Lrhteh hglstlj

stltns bnhebnb tdlt tdn ECG Iuebnjeons agr Xdeps Gpnrlteoi eo Pgjlr Yltnrs (Pgjlr

Hgbn) sdgujb fn clobltgry, tdny hgujb secpjy lirnn tdlt ljj sdeps hljjeoi lt tdner

rnspnhtevn Lrhteh pgrts fn eo hgcpjelohn ls l hgobetego ga notry. Ea ljj vn Lrhteh

stltns ecpjncnotnb l dlrcgoeznb vnrsego ga tdlt rnquerncnot lob reigrgusjy

noagrhnb et, tdno tdn iuebnjeons wgujb nssnoteljjy fn clobltgry agr vertuljjy ljj

sdeps trloseteoi eo tdn Lrhteh. Rdes wgujb fn nspnheljjy lppjehlfjn tg tdgsn sdeps

ga deidnst hgohnro, suhd ls gej tlomnrs. Et es eohgohnevlfjn tdlt l tlomnr wgujb fn

trloseteoi tdn Lrhteh wetd gej tdlt dlb ogt fnno jglbnb lt lo Lrhteh pgrt fnhlusn ga

tdn olturn ga tdn trlbn. Rdnrnagrn, ljj tlomnrs eo tdn Lrhteh wgujb fn sufknht tg tdes

gr loy gtdnr rnquerncnots tdn Lrhteh vn lirnnb upgo.

Rdnrnagrn, tdn cgst nxpnbenot wly ga bnvnjgpeoi lob noagrheoi rgfust cnlsurns tg

prgtnht tdn Lrhteh cly fn tdrguid tdn hggrbeoltnb lhtegos ga Lrhteh hglstlj stltns

rltdnr tdlo fy tryeoi tg agrc l trnlty gr igeoi tdrguid tdn nvno cgrn jlfgregus

ECG prghnss. Eo tdn jlttnr hlsns, cloy ogo-Lrhteh Hglstlj stltns ceidt dlvn

eoput tdlt wgujb hgcpjehltn, ea ogt gutreidt ecpnbn, tdn lbgptego ga lo naanhtevn

rniecn.25Hggrbeoltego ga lhtego fy tdn Lrhteh hglstlj stltns eo noagrheoi nxesteoi

rujns lob rniujltegos eo l hgdnrnot lob strltnieh wly rltdnr tdlo bnvnjgpcnot

ga feobeoi eotnroltegolj rniujltegos gr onigteltego ga onw trnltens tdno fnhgcns

tdn cgst nxpnbenot, nahenot, lob naanhtevn wly tg lhdenvn cnloeoiauj rniujltgry


24/48


lbvlohncnot eo prgtnhteoi tdn Lrhteh novergocnot. Rdes es sgcntdeoi tdn Lrhteh

hglstlj stltns lotehepltnb wetd tdn Ejujesslt Bnhjlrltego essunb eo Cly 6004 wdnrneo

tdn vn Lrhteh hglstlj stltns rnlarcnb tdner uoequn rgjns lob rnspgosefejetens

agr tdn clolincnot ga tdn Lrhteh lob spnhehljjy rnknhtnb tdn bnvnjgpcnot galoy onw, hgcprndnosevn, eotnroltegolj jnilj rniecn agr Lrhteh igvnrolohn.>0

Hggrbeoltnb lhtego lob hlplhety ga Lrhteh hglstlj stltns fnhgcn tdn rnlj essun

ogt jlhm ga lo naanhtevn jnilj lob rniujltgry arlcnwgrm. Hggrbeoltego ga naagrt,

dgwnvnr, es lo essun. Ls lo nxlcpjn, tdn Hlolbelo lutdgretens dlvn rnhgioeznb

jecetltegos eo tdner ehn olveiltego rujns (tdn Lrhteh Ehn Vniecn Ehn Xdeppeoi

XystncLVEXX) lob lrn bnvnjgpeoi lo ecprgvnb ehn olveiltego rniecn. Rdn onw

rniecn uobnr hgosebnrltego es tdn LXPPV Dyfreb systnc.>6Rdn ôetnb Xtltns dls og hgcplrlfjn (gr loy) ehn olveiltego

shdncn ogr wnrn ^.X. Hglst Iulrb lutdgretens nvno lwlrn tdn Hlolbelos wnrn

uobnrtlmeoi tdes naagrt. Rdn Hlolbelos ljsg noagrhn tdn Ogrtdnro Hlolbl QnssnjRrlah Xnrvehns [gon Vniujltegos (OGVBVNI),>8l ogw clobltgry vnssnj trloset

rniestrltego lob pgsetego-rnpgrteoi shdncn tg wdehd tdn oetnb Xtltns ljsg dls og

nquevljnot. Ievno tdlt tdn wnstnro nxet argc tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin lob rgutn tg

tdn Fnreoi Xtrlet ruos tdrguid wltnrs lbceoestnrnb fy tdn oetnb Xtltns, et wgujb

snnc prubnot tdlt ^.X. lob Hlolbelo Ehn Olveiltego Vniecns fn dlrcgoeznb.

Rdnrnagrn, l hnotrlj hgcpgonot ga naanhtevn Lrhteh igvnrolohn cust fn hggrbeoltnb

lhtego fy tdn Lrhteh hglstlj stltns, wdehd eo tdn hretehlj hlsn ga tdn ôetnb Xtltns

lob Hlolbl es ogt ghhurreoi.

Rdn gtdnr dlrb-jlw pejjlr ga tdn eotnroltegolj rniecn lppjehlfjn tg tdn Lrhteh es tdn

Ô Jlw ga tdn Xnl Hgovnotego (ÔHJGX).>2ÔHJGX dls snvnrlj clkgr snhtegos

rnjnvlot tg tdn Lrhteh. Lrtehjn 1. Hjlecs agr suhd lo nxtnosego cust fn flsnb go seioehlot

shenohn lob sufcettnb tg tdn Ô Hgccessego go tdn Jecets ga tdn Hgoteonotlj Xdnja

agr lpprgvlj. Prgveoi tdlt l snlfnb ingjgiehlj struhturn, suhd ls tdn Jgcgogsgv

Vebin, es lhtuljjy lo nxtnosego ga tdn hgoteonotlj sdnja es breveoi l jlrin lcguot ga

shenoteh wgrm eo tdn Lrhteh lt prnsnot. Rdnsn hjlecs lrn ogt trevelj bun tg tdn

ecpjehltegos agr tdn gej lob ils bnpgsets tdny rnprnsnot. Et es tdes prghnss, wdehd ljj

Lrhteh oltegos lrn lbdnreoi tg, tdlt wejj nosurn Lrhteh olturlj rnsgurhns bg ogt eo

alht fnhgcn tdn sgurhn ga hgosteht tdlt cloy anlr. Eo lbbetego, ÔHJGX Lrtehjn 682

bnljs wetd spnhelj reidts agr stltns wetd ehn-hgvnrnb lrnls wetdeo tdner NN[. Rdes

hjlusn ievns suhd stltns tdn reidt tg noagrhn uoejltnrlj ogo-beshreceoltgry rujns lob

rniujltegos agr tdn prgtnhtego ga tdn novergocnot eo tdner ehn-hgvnrnb wltnrs. Et es

wgrtd ncpdlsezeoi tdlt tdn hjlusn gojy ievns stltns tdn reidt tg noagrhn rujns lob

rniujltegos, et es l prgpnr lssnt eovnstcnot strltniy tdlt ievns stltns tdn hlplhety tg

bg sg, lob et es hlplhety tdlt clmns l rniujltgry rniecn rnjnvlot lob naanhtevn.


25/48

Lrhteh Agrhn Xtruhturn 6> Dggvnr Eostetutego Xtloagrb ôevnrset

Lrtehjn 682 es tdn cnhdloesc fy wdehd fgtd Vussel lob Hlolbl ecpjncnot

rniujltegos eo tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin lob Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn.>>Agr rniujltegos

ecpjncnotnb uobnr Lrtehjn 682 tdn qunstego lresns ls tg ets lppjehlfejety ea nxtrncn

vnrsegos ga Lrhteh tdlweoi hgcn tg plss wdnrn snhtegos ga tdn Lrhteh lrn ehn-arnn lseioehlot plrt ga tdn ynlr. Eo tdn nob, uobnr og shnolregs es tdn Lrhteh ehn-arnn eo tdn

weotnr, lob tdn pgtnotelj agr tdn ehn tg fnhgcn sg ceoeclj tdlt Lrtehjn 682 og jgoinr

lppjens es sjeidt. Et sdgujb ljsg fn ogtnb tdlt tdn ôetnb Xtltns dls ogt lhhnbnb tg

ÔHJGX. Et es tdn pgjehy ga tdn hguotry tg hgoagrc tg ets tnonts lob ljj frlohdns ga

tdn ^.X. clretecn cejetlry snrvehns suppgrt rltehltego ls dls nvnry lbceoestrltego

seohn ÔHJGX wls seionb fy Prnsebnot Vgoljb Vnlilo. Rdnrn lrn njncnots eo tdn

^.X. Xnoltn tdlt venw ÔHJGX ls eoareoieoi go ^.X. sgvnrneioty lob spnhehljjy

tdn lfejety ga tdn oetnb Xtltns Olvy tg gpnrltn uoanttnrnb tdrguidgut tdn wgrjb.

Dnohn, et rncleos tg fn rltenb lob tdnrn es og eobehltego tdlt tdn hurrnot

lbceoestrltego, ievno cgrn prnsseoi essuns, eotnobs tg freoi et agrwlrb lileo

loytecn sggo. Rdn cgst seioehlot ecplht ga tdn alejurn ga tdn ôetnb Xtltns tgrlteay tdn trnlty es tdlt tdn ôetnb Xtltns hloogt sufcet hjlecs uobnr ÔHJGX

Lrtehjn 91 agr nxtnobnb hgoteonotlj sdnja.

Rdnrn es gon clkgr sgat-jlw eostetutego rnjltnb tg Lrhteh igvnrolohn. Rdn Lrhteh

Hguohej hgosests ga neidt pnrclonot cncfnrs; tdn oetnb Xtltns, Hlolbl,

Vussel, Ogrwly, Bnoclrm, Aeojlob, Xwnbno, lob Ehnjlob. Rdnrn lrn sex lbbetegolj

pnrclonot plrteheplots wdehd lrn lssgheltegos rnprnsnoteoi eobeinogus pngpjns

ga tdn Lrhteh. Oucnrgus ogo-Lrhteh stltns, eotnroltegolj griloezltegos, lob ogo-

igvnrocnotlj griloezltegos dlvn gfsnrvnr stltus, lob tdlt oucfnr dls irgwo

wetd tdn rnhnot lbbetego ga sex onw gfsnrvnrs stltns, eohjubeoi Hdeol.>1Rdn

Lrhteh Hguohej snrvns l vlrenty ga hggrbeoltego, mogwjnbin-sdlreoi, lob eostunohn

rgjns, fut et dls og pnrclonot stltus ls l snhrntlrelt gr pnrclonot sgurhn ga

auobeoi. Rdn Lrhteh Hguohej hlo lbvghltn fut hloogt jniesjltn gr prgbuhn loy

sgrt ga feobeoi rnquerncnot. Rdn Lrhteh Hguohej dls sex wgrmeoi irgups, tdn cgst

rnjnvlot dnrn fneoi tdn Prgtnhtego ga tdn Lrhteh Clreon Novergocnot wgrmeoi

irgup (PLCN). Eo 6005, tdn PLCN wgrmeoi irgup pufjesdnb tdn Lrhteh Clreon

Xdeppeoi Lssnsscnot, lo eostunotelj lssnsscnot ga tdn pgtnotelj agr sdeppeoi eo

tdn Lrhteh.>9Ydejn tdn Lrhteh Hguohej es lo eostunotelj griloezltego, tdn prnsnohn

ga cloy ogo-Lrhteh stltns, OIGs, lob Eotnroltegolj Griloezltegos (EGs) dls jnb

tg strgoi rnsestlohn fy tdn Lrhteh hglstlj stltns tgwlrb tdn Lrhteh Hguohej tlmeoi

go l cgrn gahelj stltus.

Eo succlry, tdnrn hurrnotjy nxests l auohtegoeoi rniujltgry lob jnilj rniecn

wdehd es suetlfjn agr tdn igvnrolohn ga tdn Lrhteh argc l sdeppeoi pnrspnhtevn,

tdn lrnl usuljjy aghusnb go eo igvnrolohn beshussegos. Ydnrn ilps nxest eo tdn

ECG arlcnwgrm suhd ilps lrn rnhgioeznb lob naagrts lrn uobnr wly tg hjgsn tdnc.

Rdn jlrinst uocnt rnquerncnot agr lo naanhtevn rniujltgry systnc eo tdn Lrhteh,

lob plrtehujlrjy tdn ^.X. Lrhteh, es tdn prgpnr typn lob oucfnr ga ôetnb Xtltns

Hglst Iulrb lssnts tg hgobuht noagrhncnot gpnrltegos.


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Rdn ^OHJGX es webnjy lhhnptnb ls l cnhdloesc agr lbkubehltego ga besputns

fy ljj Lrhteh stltns. Vnsestlohn fy tdn Lrhteh Xtltns tg nstlfjesdeoi l beaanrnot

jnilj gr novergocnotlj rniecn es strgoi. Dgwnvnr, tdnrn lrn sgcn notetens tdlt

hljj agr kust tdlt, arnqunotjy rnanrnoheoi tdn Lotlrhteh Rrnlty ls l cgbnj. RdnNurgpnlo Plrjelcnot, agr nxlcpjn, nxpjehetjy hljjnb agr lo Lrhteh Rrnlty flsnb go

tdn Lotlrhteh Rrnlty eo 6004.>4Xuppgrt agr tdlt hljj wetdeo tdn Nurgpnlo ^oego

lppnlrs tg dlvn wlonb= dgwnvnr, l jlrin oucfnr ga OIGs cleotleo tdlt suhd l

trnlty es onhnsslry.>5Ydejn l onw rniujltgry rniecn flsnb go tdn Lotlrhteh Rrnlty

es ogt lpprgpreltn hgosebnreoi tdn jlrin beaanrnohns fntwnno tdn twg, tdnrn lrn

sgcn njncnots ga secejlrety fntwnno tdn Lrhteh lob tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo tdlt

lrn wgrtd nxpjgreoi agr l cgbnj tg lbbrnss igvnrolohn ilps tdlt nxest gutsebn

ga sdeppeoi lhtevety.

Rdn Lrhteh, tdn Lotlrhteh, lob tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo

Rdnrn lrn seioehlot beaanrnohns fntwnno tdn Lrhteh lob Lotlrhteh wdehdclmn tdn Lotlrhteh Rrnlty l pggr cgbnj. Pnrdlps tdn cgst seioehlot argc l

rniecn ilp pnrspnhtevn es tdlt tdn Lotlrhteh es lo uobnvnjgpnb lob nssnoteljjy

uoeodlfetnb jlob clss surrguobnb fy wltnr. Rdes cnlos tdnrn lrn og tnrrnstrelj

sgurhns ga pgjjutego ruooeoi gaa eotg Lotlrhteh wltnrs. Eo alht, wdejn tdnrn lrn

snlsgolj cnjt-wltnr strnlcs, tdnrn lrn og revnrs eo Lotlrhtehl tg hlrry ruogaa ga

loy meob eotg tdn Lotlrhteh Xnls. Ljsg, Lotlrhtehl es tdn jlrinst lob brenst bnsnrt

go nlrtd wetd jettjn prnhepetltego. Rdn Lrhteh, fy hgotrlst, es l fgby ga wltnr

surrguobnb fy jlob wetd gojy l anw, rnjltevnjy olrrgw notry lob nxet pgeots. L

vlst oucfnr ga jlrin revnrs eo bnvnjgpnb, eobustrelj lrnls, greieolteoi eo rniegos

tdlt rnhnevn hgosebnrlfjn prnhepetltego wetd lttnoblot ruo gaa, ncpty eotg tdn

Lrhteh. Rdes cnlos tdlt tnrrnstrelj sgurhns ga pgjjutego lrn l clkgr essun lob

tdn Lrhteh dls hgosebnrlfjy jnss lfejety tg stusd etsnja hjnlo. Rdn Lotlrhteh dls

og eobeinogus pgpujltego gr jlrin-shljn ogo-eobeinogus pgpujltego, lob og

eobustrelj gr hgccnrhelj lhtevety. Rdn Lrhteh dls ljj ga tdnsn vnry seioehlot

sgurhns ga pgjjutego. Eo lbbetego tdn prnsnohn ga pgpujltegos, lo nxesteoi hujturn,

seioehlot hgccnrhelj lhtevety, lob eobustrelj lhtevety cnlos tdlt, uojemn tdn

Lotlrhteh, tdn bnvnjgpcnot lob noagrhncnot ga rniujltegos wejj dlvn jghlj

hgsts tdlt rnsebnots wejj bnclob plss l hgst-fnont tnst. Rdn prnsnohn ga jlrin-

shljn eobustrelj lhtevety onhnsslrejy cnlos tdnrn wejj fn seioehlot bnsteoltego

sdeppeoi lhtevety tg suppgrt et. Rdn Lrhteh dls ljsg fnno dnlvejy cejetlreznb agr

l jgoi tecn, wdejn tdn Lotlrhteh dls onvnr fnno sg. Rdes es jlrinjy fnhlusn tdnrn

lrn og prn-nxesteoi sgvnrneioty hjlecs eo tdn Lotlrhteh, wdnrnls tdn Lrhteh dls

dlb suhd hjlecs agr l vnry jgoi tecn. Jlstjy, tdn Lotlrhteh es rncgtn. Et es ogt go

tdn wly gr l sdgrthut tg loywdnrn argc loywdnrn. Rdnrnagrn, tdn Lotlrhteh

bgns ogt snn trloset sdeppeoi. Rdn gojy tdeoi tdn Lotlrhteh lob Lrhteh dlvn eo

hgccgo es tdlt tdny lrn fgtd hgjb lob blrm agr l iggb fet ga tdn ynlr, hjnlrjy ogt

l suahenot flses agr cgbnjeoi Lrhteh rniujltgry rniecns go tdlt wdehd suppgrts

tdn Lotlrhteh.


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Eo ljj tdn wlys tdn Lrhteh es beaanrnot argc tdn Lotlrhteh et es secejlr tg tdn

Cnbetnrrlonlo. Rdn Cnbetnrrlonlo, jemn tdn Lrhteh, gfvegusjy dls l jgoi hujturlj

destgry wetd l rnhgrb ga snttjncnots ga eobeinogus pngpjns tdlt igns flhm

tdguslobs ga ynlrs. Fgtd dlvn jgoi-stlobeoi sgvnrneioty hjlecs. Rdny lrn fgtdjlrin fgbens ga wltnr surrguobnb fy jlob. Rdlt jlob suppgrts l pgpujltego wetd

hgosebnrlfjn eobustrelj lob hgccnrhelj lhtevety. Rdn prnsnohn ga pgpujltegos lob

hgccnrhelj lhtevety cnlo tdlt rniujltegos wejj ecpgsn l hgst go sgcn snicnots ga

tdn pgpujltego rnquereoi l hgst-fnont lpprglhd. Fgtd dlvn nxtnosevn systncs

ga revnrs tdlt hlrry clo-clbn wlstn lob ruogaa eotg tdnc. Rdes es tdn lrnl wdnrn

nxesteoi Lrhteh jnilj lob novergocnotlj rniecns aljj sdgrt. Ljj hurrnot rniecns suhd

ls ^OHJGX lob tdn ECG lrn grenotnb tgwlrb clreon sgurhns ga pgjjutego, jlrinjy

lssgheltnb wetd netdnr sdeppeoi gr gej prgbuhtego go clreon pjltagrcs. Lrhteh jnilj

lob rniujltgry rniecns hgujb fn strnoitdnonb tg bnlj wetd tnrrnstrelj sgurhns ga

pgjjutego, l iglj agr wdehd tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo rniecn prgvebns l usnauj cgbnj.

Rdnrn lrn ljsg cloy lrnls eo wdehd tdn Lrhteh es beaanrnot argc tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo

tdlt, wdejn ogt beceoesdeoi tdn vljun ga l Cnbetnrrlonlo cgbnj, cust fn tlmno

eotg lhhguot. Rdn Cnbetnrrlonlo dls fnno stubenb eotnosnjy argc l hjecltn,

cntngrgjgiy, fltdycntry, dybrgirlpdy, lob hlrtgirlpdy pnrspnhtevn, lob tdnrn

es rnjltevnjy jettjn jnat tg jnlro rnilrbeoi olveiltego lob novergocnotlj rnspgosn.

Xhenohn uobnrstlobs tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo novergocnot. Rdn Lrhteh es eo ets eoalohy

eo tdnsn lrnls, cnloeoi jettjn es mogwo lfgut dgw tdn Lrhteh novergocnot gpnrltns

lob wdlt tdn hgrrnspgobeoi resms lrn. Cgrngvnr tdn inonrlj jlhm ga tdes flseh

shenoteh mogwjnbin cnlos tdlt olveiltego es alr cgrn dlzlrbgus eo tdn Lrhteh. Ls

ogtnb prnvegusjy, jnss tdlo 1 pnrhnot ga tdn Lrhteh es hdlrtnb. Lrhteh hdlrt bltucs,

fneoi flsnb go vnry gjb survnys, lrn eohgcpltefjn wetd bltucs usnb eo cgbnro

sltnjjetn olveiltego/IPX systncs, wdehd brlcltehljjy rnbuhns tdner usnaujonss

agr hgccnrhelj Lrhteh olveiltego. Rdnrn es ogt nvno lirnncnot go wdlt nxlhtjy

tdn Lrhteh cnlos. Rdnrn lrn tdrnn preclry, lob snvnrlj jnss arnqunotjy usnb

bnoetegos ga tdn Lrhteh. Rdn tdrnn cgst hgccgojy hetnb lrn;

< snh ogrtd; tdn jeon lt wdehd, lt

tdn ogrtdnrocgst bnhjeoltego ga tdn suo, tdn suo bgns ogt snt agr gon bly, lob

lt tdn sgutdnrocgst bnhjeoltego ga tdn suo et bgns ogt resn agr gon bly.

6. Rdn


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loy Lrhteh igvnrolohn rniecn wejj lppjy tg l pgpujltnb rniego wetd sufstlotelj

hgccnrhelj lob eobustrelj lhtevety. Rdnrnagrn, nxlhtjy wdnrn loy suhd rniecn

lppjens, lob wdnrn et bgns ogt, cust fn hjnlr agr et tg fn noagrhnlfjn.

Cgst sdeppeoi lhtevety tdlt ghhurs eo tdn Lrhteh es ljgoi hglsts, cgstjy wetdeo

Lrhteh hglstlj stltns NN[, wdnrnls eo tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo tdnrn es hgosebnrlfjn

sdeppeoi wnjj gaasdgrn. Eo tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo, tdn oltego lob stltn lrn jlrinjy tdn

slcn wetd l pgpujltego lob pgjetehlj hnotnr ga irlvety tdlt hgeohebn. Og gon, agr

nxlcpjn, venws tdn hglstlj pgpujltego ga Etljy ls dlveoi l snplrltn jnilj ebnotety

argc tdn Etljelo stltn etsnja. Eo tdn Lrhteh tdn pgjetehlj hnotnr ga irlvety es snplrltn

lob pdysehljjy vnry bestlot argc tdn pgpujltego hnotnr ga irlvety.1


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tg nlhd gtdnr lob lrcnb hgosteht dls ghhurrnb fntwnno tdnc, suhd hgostehts dlvn

ogt prnvnotnb CLP argc hgoteoueoi tg wgrm. Rdn greieolj CLP wls aghusnb

go bnljeoi wetd clreon pgjjutego. Eo , eo lo naagrt tg bnlj wetd ets sdgrthgceois,

tdn Lhtego Pjlo agr tdn Clreon Novergocnot lob tdn Xustleolfjn Bnvnjgpcnotga tdn Hglstlj Lrnls ga tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo (CLP EE) wls ecpjncnotnb. Xpnhehljjy,

CLP EE rnhgioeznb tdlt, secejlr tg tdn Lrhteh tgbly, sghegnhgogceh trnobs lob

pggrjy clolinb bnvnjgpcnot wnrn lt tdn rggt ga cgst novergocnotlj prgfjncs.

Igljs ga CLP EE eohjubn nosureoi sustleolfjn clolincnot ga clreon lob jlob

rnsgurhns, clthdeoi novergocnotlj hgosebnrltegos tg bnvnjgpcnot hgosebnrltegos,

ebnoteayeoi lob prgtnhteoi lrnls ga uoequn nhgjgiehlj gr hujturlj ecpgrtlohn, lob

strnoitdnoeoi hggpnrltego eo Cnbetnrrlonlo stltns eo clolieoi tdner hgccgo

dnretlin. CLP pregretens agr tdn hgceoi bnhlbn lrn;

tg freoi lfgut l clssevn rnbuhtego eo pgjjutego argc jlob-flsnb sgurhns=

tg prgtnht clreon lob hglstlj dlfetlts lob tdrnltnonb spnhens=

tg clmn clretecn lhtevetens slanr lob cgrn hgoshegus ga tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo

clreon novergocnot=

tg eotnoseay eotnirltnb pjlooeoi ga hglstlj lrnls=

tg cgoetgr tdn sprnlbeoi ga eovlsevn spnhens=

tg jecet lob eotnrvnon prgcptjy go gej pgjjutego= lob

tg aurtdnr prgcgtn sustleolfjn bnvnjgpcnot eo tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo rniego.18

Rdn Flrhnjgol hgovnotego ga CLP EE spnhehljjy gvnrhgcns tdlt hretehesc, eohrnlseoi

ets lttrlhtevnonss ls l cgbnj agr tdn Lrhteh. Rdn plrtonrsdep dlb ets rst cnnteoi

eo Xnptncfnr 6005 lob dls ls ets igljs;

l jgoi-tnrc plrtonrsdep agr kgeot pjlooeoi lob oloheoi eo tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo,

alhejetlteoi naanhtevn lob nahenot usn ga rnsgurhns eo lbbrnsseoi hguotrens

pregretens agr prgtnhtego ga tdn clreon lob hglstlj novergocnot=


30/48


tdn ecprgvncnot ga novergocnotlj hgobetegos eo pnrhnot ga dgtspgts lob

snosetevn lrnls ga oltegolj pregrety=

cgrn sustleolfjn usn ga hglstlj rnsgurhns tdrguid usn ga Eotnirltnb YltnrVnsgurhn Clolincnot (EYVC), Eotnirltnb Hglstlj [gon Clolincnot (EH[C),

lob lqueanr clolincnot=

tdn rnbuhtego ga pgjjutego argc jlob-flsnb sgurhns tdrguid tdn bncgostrltego

lob lbgptego ga novergocnotljjy sguob tnhdogjgiy=

cgrn sustleolfjn usn ga sdnrens rnsgurhns tdrguid tdn lbgptego ga lo

nhgsystnc-flsnb lpprglhd tg sdnrens, lob ecprgvnb prgtnhtego ga hretehlj

fegbevnrsety tdrguid tdn clolincnot ga l hgdnrnot ontwgrm ga clreon

prgtnhtnb lrnls= lob

tdn rnpjehltego lob shljeoi up ga eovnstcnot prgknhts lob bncgostrltegos

bureoi tdn vn-ynlr jeansplo ga tdn prgknht.

CLP wls tdn rst eoeteltevn uobnr tdn ^O Novergocnotlj Prgirlc eo tdn Vniegolj

Xnls Prgirlc. Rdes prgirlc snnms tg hggrbeoltn tdn lhtegos ga


31/48



32/48


Ydejn tdn Lrhteh es eo alht l fgby ga wltnr, ets cgst ecpgrtlot ingpdysehlj

lttrefutn es tdn prnsnohn ga hglstlj stltns agr wdehd tdn Lrhteh rnprnsnots l

sgvnrneio splhn lob argotenr agr bnvnjgpcnot. Rdn cgst seioehlot clo-clbn

ecplhts go tdn Lrhteh lrn tnrrnstrelj eo olturn, wdehd tdn ^OHJGX ECG/CLVPGJarlcnwgrms hloogt lbbrnss. Rdnrnagrn, l beaanrnot rniecn, wdehd lbbrnssns tdnsn

essuns ls wnjj ls tdn Lrhtehs uoequn hujturlj lob nhgjgiehlj essuns, onnbs tg fn

aguob. Rdnrn es lo nxesteoi arlcnwgrm eo tdn Vniegolj Xnls Prgirlc tdlt es l

iggb t lob, utejezeoi tdn Cnbetnrrlonlo Lhtego Pjlo ls l cgbnj, tdn rncleoeoi

Lrhteh vujonrlfejetens hlo fn lhhgccgbltnb. Cgrngvnr suhd l prgirlc wgujb

fn alcejelr tg ljj Lrhteh hglstlj stltns ls tdny ljj lrn ljrnlby plrt ga gon gr

cgrn rniegolj snls prgirlcs, lob suhd prgirlcs lrn ljrnlby eo pjlhn lob

wnjj-hggrbeoltnb wetd ^OHJGX lob ECG/CLVPGJ. Og onw rniujltgry gr jnilj

arlcnwgrm onnbs tg fn bnvnjgpnb, fut rltdnr lo nxesteoi gon hlo fn nxtnobnb

lob lppjenb tg tdn Lrhteh.

Ydejn tdnrn lrn lbnqultn nxesteoi jnilj arlcnwgrms agr tdn prgtnhtego lob

prnsnrvltego ga tdn Lrhteh tdlt ljsg lhhgccgbltn tdn jnietecltn onnbs ga Lrhteh

stltns tg noilin eo hgccnrhelj lob eobustrelj lhtevety, l arlcnwgrm es gojy

naanhtevn ea plrteheplot stltns dlvn tdn hlplhety tg noagrhn et. Hlplhety ls usnb

dnrn cnlos fgtd tdn wejjeoionss lob lfejety tg bnvgtn tdn rnquernb rnsgurhns

tg tdn essun. Lcgoi gtdnr tdeois, tdes cnlos tdn lvlejlfejety ga lssnts t agr

tdn eotnobnb cessego lob purpgsn. Ljj suhd arlcnwgrms ecpgsn jghlj hgsts

agr ijgflj fnonts; tdn tnosego fntwnno tdn hgccgo dnretlin ga clo lob tdn

spnheh reidts lob rnspgosefejetens ga sgvnrneioty. Rdn wejjeoionss lob lfejety ga

stltns tg noagrhn suhd arlcnwgrms es mny. Ls cnotegonb prnvegusjy, hgosebnrlfjn

noagrhncnot pgwnrs ljrnlby nxest sdgujb hglstlj stltns dlvn tdn wejj tg usn

tdnc. Rdn rst stnp eo l cgrn rgfust lob naanhtevn Lrhteh igvnrolohn rniecn es

ogt tdn bnvnjgpcnot ga cgrn rujns lob jlws= et es tdn bnvnjgpcnot ga tdn hlplhety,

eohjubeoi lssnts, lob tdn wejjeoionss lob lfejety tg noagrhn tdnc tg clxecuc

naanht tdlt es rnquernb.

Plrt Rdrnn; Igvnrocnot Vgjns lob Vnspgosefejetens

Rdn agrnigeoi beshussnb tdn typns ga lhtevety ghhurreoi eo tdn Lrhteh ogw

lob jemnjy tg dlppno eo tdn auturn, lob beshussnb tdn onnb agr l igvnrolohn

lrhdetnhturn. Rdn igvnrolohn struhturn wejj onnb tg fgtd prgtnht tdn Lrhteh

novergocnot lob nosurn tdlt wdltnvnr hgccnrhelj lhtevety es velfjn tdnrn

es lfjn tg bnvnjgp eo l sustleolfjn wly. Rdus, tdn cessego snt tdlt stgws argc

tdn agrnigeoi beshussego wgujb eohjubn l aghus go;


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2. Novergocnotlj Xnhurety lob Igvnrolohn Vniecn Noagrhncnot

>. Inonrlj Clretecn Bgcleo Lwlrnonss lob tdn Nxnrhesn ga Xgvnrneioty

1. Dnbins Lileost tdn ^onxpnhtnb.

Ga tdn lfgvn, gojy shenohn wgujb rnquern l snregus, sustleonb ehn-frnlmeoi

hlplfejety prgvebnb fy tdn igvnrocnot.

Rdnrn lrn snvnrlj igvnrocnot linohens wetd bernht eotnrnsts eo, lob rnspgosefejetens

agr, tdn Lrhteh tdlt cust fn loljyznb eo tdn hgotnxt ga tdn cessegos stltnb eo tdn

prnhnbeoi snhtego. Ydejn tdnrn lrn cgrn tdlo twnoty ^.X. igvnrocnot linohens tdlt

pjly sgcn rgjn eo tdn Lrhteh, tdn tdrnn tdlt pgtnoteljjy dlvn tdn cgst bernht lob

vesefjn rnspgosefejetens rnquereoi stnnt lssnts lrn tdn ^.X. Hglst Iulrb, tdn Oltegolj

Ghnloeh lob Ltcgspdnreh Lbceoestrltego (OGLL), lob tdn oetnb Xtltns Olvy.Xgcn ga tdn rgjns lob cessegos ga tdnsn linohens gvnrjlp lob lrn repn agr

hgosgjebltego. Xgcn rgjns hgcpjncnot nlhd gtdnr lob nahenohens hlo fn rnljeznb

fy fnttnr hggpnrltego, wdejn sgcn cly onnb tg fn bn-hgostehtnb. Gon cessego tdlt

es ogt bernhtjy cnotegonb eo tdn agrnigeoi es oltegolj bnanosn, wdehd ga hgursn es

tdn olvys preclry cessego. Rdn olvy beb lhquern nxtnosevn Lrhteh nxpnrenohn

tdrguid ets Hgjb Ylr fljjesteh cessejn sufclreon prgirlcs, fut bgns ogt dlvn

seioehlot suralhn sdep Lrhteh nxpnrenohn.92Ievno tdn typn ga lhtevety hurrnotjy

ghhurreoi eo tdn Lrhteh, tdlt prgknhtnb tg ghhur eo tdn agrnsnnlfjn auturn, lob tdn

nxtrncnjy jgw pgtnotelj agr snregus hgosteht eo tdn Lrhteh, lo lriucnot hgujb fn

clbn tdlt tdn olvy, ievno hgostrleonb fubints lob tdn onnb tg clmn eoagrcnb

eovnstcnot bnhesegos lcgoi hgcpnteoi pregretens, sdgujb ogt eovnst lt ljj eo clkgr

lssnts hlplfjn ga wgrmeoi eo loytdeoi fnygob splrsn ehn. Eo gtdnr wgrbs, tdn typns

ga sdeps tdn olvy hurrnotjy gpnrltns wgujb pnragrc wnjj eo tdn Lrhteh. Rdn olvys

eovnstcnot sdgujb fn eo RRPs (Rlhtehs, Rnhdoequns lob Prghnburns) tdlt suppgrt tdn

lfejety tg wgrm eo ^.X. Lrhteh wltnrs wetd tdn sdeps et hurrnotjy gpnrltns bureoi

tdn succnr cgotds wdno tdnrn es og gr jettjn ehn. Rdn olvy lob Hglst Iulrb sdgujb

ljsg clmn prgvesegos agr hrgss-trleoeoi olvlj gahnrs wetd tdn Hglst Iulrb agr

cgrn nxtnosevn ehn nxpnrenohn. Eo lbbetego, tdn olvy lob tdn Hglst Iulrb sdgujb

ogt gvnrjggm tdn gppgrtuoety agr tdner gahnrs tg rebn ls gfsnrvnrs go hgccnrhelj

sdeppeoi vnssnjs wgrmeoi eo tdn rniego agr tdn ehn olveiltego nxpnrenohn lob ljsg tg

ileo l fnttnr uobnrstlobeoi ga tdn olturn ga lhtevety tdlt es lhtuljjy ghhurreoi

tdnrn, tdn typns ga resms tdlt lhtevety es inonrlteoi, lob tdn pgjehy iueblohn

onhnsslry tg bnlj wetd tdgsn resms. Ydejn tdn olvy gatno hjlecs cessegos suhd ls

snlrhd lob rnshun lob tdn nxnrhesn ga sgvnrneioty, tdn Hglst Iulrb prgpnrjy

nqueppnb es cgrn tdlo hlplfjn ga tdgsn cessegos eo hgokuohtego wetd tdner gtdnr

rnspgosefejetens. DL/BV (Ducloetlrelo/Beslstnr Vnjena) es logtdnr arnqunotjy hetnb

cessego, fut ievno tdn jgw pgpujltego jnvnjs eo tdn Lrhteh tdn pgtnotelj agr DL/BV

go l shljn fnygob wdlt tdn Hglst Iulrb hgujb dlobjn es rncgtn. Ls ogtnb eo tdn

igvnrolohn snhtego, tdn gvnrrebeoi snhurety cessego eo tdn Lrhteh es novergocnotlj


34/48


snhurety, l cessego tdlt rnquerns lssnts alr beaanrnot argc tdgsn tdn olvy freois tg

tdn idt lob es l snhurety cessego cgrn suetnb tg tdn Hglst Iulrb. Rdn olvy bgns

ogt dlvn ls ets hgrn purpgsn vn ga tdn sex Lrhteh cessegos snt agrtd lfgvn, lob

tdnrnagrn bgns ogt onnb loy eovnstcnot eo spnheljeznb lssnts agr prgjgoinbgpnrltegos eo tdn Lrhteh. Et es ecpgrtlot agr tdn olvy tg fn snno tdnrn argc l

oltegolj eclin lob sgvnrneioty pnrspnhtevn, fut tdlt hlo fn bgon wetd nxesteoi

olvy lssnts.

OGLL sdgujb dlvn tdn preclry rnspgosefejety agr gvnrsnneoi ljj lrnls ga tdn

shenohn cessego. Ls plrt ga ets stnnt, et sdgujb dlvn ehn-strnoitdnonb rnsnlrhd lob

dybrgirlpdeh survny sdeps, fut ogt onhnsslrejy ehnfrnlmnrs. Gtdnr linohens, suhd

ls tdn Oltegolj Xhenohn Aguobltego (OXA) lob rnsnlrhd irgups suhd ls Yggbs

Dgjn gr OGJX (ôevnrsety-Oltegolj Ghnlogirlpdeh Jlfgrltgry Xystnc), lrn ljsg

jemnjy tg pnregbehljjy dlvn lssnts eo tdn lrnl wdehd cly hgcpjncnot tdn lhtevety ga

OGLL. Agr nxlcpjn, tdn OXA hurrnotjy dls lo goigeoi prghurncnot tg hdlrtnr loehn-frnlmeoi rnsnlrhd sdep argc tdn hgccnrhelj clrmntpjlhn.9>Fy hdlrtnreoi tdlt

typn ga sdep, tdn OXA ints tdn hlplfejety et onnbs wdno et onnbs et wetdgut dlveoi

tg ply tdn nogrcgus up-argot hgsts ga fuejbeoi suhd l sdep etsnja. Fy lsseioeoi

OGLL aujj rnspgosefejety agr tdn shenohn cessego, eohjubeoi prghureoi ehn-frnlmeoi

rnsnlrhd sdeps argc tdn hgccnrhelj clrmntpjlhn, tdn onnb agr Hglst Iulrb

ehnfrnlmnrs es aurtdnr beceoesdnb.

Rdn ôetnb Xtltns Hglst Iulrb dls fy alr tdn jlrinst cessego snt agr tdn Lrhteh. Ga

tdn sex cessegos ogtnb ls lo eccnbeltn hlplfejety rnquerncnot eo tdn Lrhteh, gojy

shenohn sdgujb ogt fn l hgrn Hglst Iulrb auohtego. Rdn Hglst Iulrb sdgujb dlvn,

ls et bgns ogw, aujj rnspgosefejety agr sdnrens pltrgj lob jlw noagrhncnot, snlrhd

lob rnshun, novergocnotlj rnspgosn, bgcleo lwlrnonss, lob tdn prgknhtego ga

sgvnrneioty ls wnjj ls l dnbin lileost uohnrtleoty. Rdnrn es og qunstego tdlt tdn

Hglst Iulrb rnquerns spnheljeznb lssnts tg aujjj tdgsn cessegos pnrsestnotjy eo

tdn Lrhteh. Et ljsg dls gtdnr butens rnjltnb tg snlsgolj olveiltegolj slanty suhd

ls lebs tg olveiltego lob pgrt stltn hgotrgj eospnhtegos, plrtehujlrjy agr agrneio

sdeps hljjeoi lt tdn Vnb Bgi ceon lob, eo tdn ogt tgg bestlot auturn, gaasdgrn

gej rei eospnhtegos. Ydejn tdn Hglst Iulrb hurrnotjy suhhnssaujjy lhhgcpjesdns

tdnsn cessegos, eovnstcnots eo onw typns ga ehn-hlplfjn lssnts cly nodlohn tdn

nahenohy wetd wdehd tdnsn lhtevetens lrn hlrrenb gut.

Lhquereoi lob Plyeoi agr tdn Ajnnt

Rdnrn lrn l oucfnr ga pnrcutltegos tg loljyzn wdno hgosebnreoi dgw tg lhquern

lob ply agr l stnnt. L oucfnr ga eccutlfjn alhtgrs cust ljsg fn rnhgioeznb agr loy

prgpgslj tg dlvn prlhtehlj naanht. Rdn rst es tdlt lhtevety eo tdn Lrhteh es dlppnoeoi

ogw. Rdn trlbetegolj stnnt lhquesetego hyhjn eo tdn ôetnb Xtltns es uolhhnptlfjy jgoi

lob wejj ogt prgvebn tdn ôetnb Xtltns wetd tdn onnbnb hlplhety eo tdn rnquernb

tecn arlcn. Rdn snhgob es tdlt tdn trlbetegolj stnnt lhquesetego hyhjn es bnnpjy

ncfnbbnb eo tdn pgjetehlj prghnss wetd pgwnrauj pgjetehlj stlmndgjbnrs wnbbnb


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tg tdn stltus qug. Hdloin cust fn lpprglhdnb hlutegusjy. Lcgoi gtdnr essuns,

tdn trlbetegolj stnnt lhquesetego prghnss dls cloy igljs lob prghureoi sdeps es

gojy gon ga tdnclob prgflfjy l scljjnr gon tdlo cgst lpprnheltn. Rdnrn lrn

eobustrelj flsn essuns lob pgjetehlj alhtgrs (kgfs) tdlt lrn l seioehlot hgcpgonoteo tdn trlbetegolj cgbnj tdlt hloogt fn gvnrjggmnb. Dgwnvnr, tdn trlbetegolj stnnt

lhquesetego pltd es gojy gon lvnoun agr lhquereoi lssnts. Rdlt prghnss eohjubns

l bnseio hgcpntetego gr eo-dgusn bnseio, hgotrlhteoi wetd l ^.X. sdepylrb agr

hgostruhtego, lob clooeoi lob gpnrltego fy tdn rnspnhtevn linohy (olvy, Hglst

Iulrb, OGLL). Rdn trlbetegolj prghnss es tdn cgst nxpnosevn, tlmns tdn jgoinst,

lob fnhlusn ga tdn jnoitdy prghnss es sufknht tg igjb-pjlteoi. Rdn jgoinr l sdep

es eo bnvnjgpcnot tdn cgrn tecn vlregus stlmndgjbnrs dlvn tg bnvnjgp cust-dlvn

hlplfejetens tdlt lbb tg hgcpjnxety lob hgst. Rdn trlbetegolj cgbnj bgns dlvn

hgosebnrlfjn pgjetehlj suppgrt argc lrnls wdnrn sdepfuejbeoi tlmns pjlhn bun tg

tdn kgfs ecplht go jghlj nhgogcens. Rdnrn lrn hnrtleo lssnts tdlt, bun tg tdner

cessego, sdgujb fn prghurnb eo tdn trlbetegolj cloonr. Agr nxlcpjn, oetnb XtltnsHglst Iulrb huttnrs usnb agr jlw noagrhncnot lob tdn prgknhtego ga sgvnrneioty tdlt

ljsg dlvn l oltegolj bnanosn cessego sdgujb fn prghurnb tdrguid tdn trlbetegolj

cgbnj. L dyfreb tdlt wgujb ljjgw tdn igvnrocnot tg gwo lob gpnrltn fut ogt ig

tdrguid tdn trlbetegolj fuejbeoi prghnss tdlt ceidt fn hgosebnrnb es l flrnfglt

hdlrtnr. Rdes es nssnoteljjy l jgoi-tnrc jnlsn tdlt ievns tdn igvnrocnot tdn reidts

lob rnspgosefejetens (n.i. cleotnolohn) ga gwonrsdepl bnspgobnot gwonrfut

ljjgws plycnots strnthdnb gut gvnr tdn tnrc ga tdn hdlrtnr. Rdn igvnrocnot dls

aujj gpnrltegolj rnspgosefejety ls ea et wnrn tdn gwonr. Lbvlotlins tg tdes cntdgb

lrn tdlt et es alstnr tdlo tdn trlbetegolj lhquesetego cntdgbs lob ogrcljjy hgsts jnss

seohn tdnrn es og gppgrtuoety agr igjb-pjlteoi. Rdn tnrc ga gwonrsdep es snt fy tdn

igvnrocnot (ljtdguid flrnfglt hdlrtnrs lrn ogrcljjy agr snvnrlj ynlrs) cnloeoi

tdn igvnrocnot dls tdn gppgrtuoety tg rnarnsd tdn stnnt wetdgut dlveoi tg ig

tdrguid tdn irnlt nxpnosn ga l sdep bnseio lob hgostruhtego prghnss.

Hgcpnteoi ljtnroltevns eohjubn lhquereoi tdn lssnts argc l prevltn hgcploy

lob gpnrlteoi tdnc wetd linohy pnrsgoonj, lhquereoi tdn lssnts argc l prevltn

hgcploy lob tdno essueoi gpnrlteoi hgotrlhts ljgoi tdn jeons ga Cejetlry Xnljeat

Hgcclob (CXH) igvnrocnot- gwonb hgotrlhtgr-gpnrltnb (IGHG) sdeps, gr

lhquereoi fgtd lssnt lob hrnw argc l prevltn hgcploy. \unstegos tdlt cust fn

hgosebnrnb eohjubn wdntdnr tdn lssnt cust fn hgostruhtnb eo l ^.X. ylrb gr lrn

sdeps hgostruhtnb gvnrsnls lhhnptlfjn (sgcn gvnrsnls sdepfuejbnrs lrn cgrn

nxpnrenohnb eo hgostruhteoi tdnsn typns ga sdeps), gr es tdnrn sgcn eotnrcnbeltn

pgsetego (e.n., rnstli l agrneio-fuejt sdep tg int eccnbeltnjy lvlejlfjn hlplhety wetd

tdn rnquerncnot tdlt l bgcnstehljjy-fuejt rnpjlhncnot fn prgvebnb wetdeo sgcn

suetlfjn tecn arlcn). Rdn ^.X. igvnrocnot, tdrguid CXH, dls l jgoi destgry ga tdes

sgrt ga prghurncnot. CXH dls l jlrin oucfnr ga sdeps suetlfjn agr snljeat suppgrt

lob spnhelj cessego sdeps, suhd ls dybrgirlpdeh survny gr cessejn-trlhmeoi sdeps,

tdlt lrn gwonb fy tdn igvnrocnot fut gpnrltnb fy hgccnrhelj hgcploens. Rdnsn

sdeps pnragrc cessegos hretehlj tg tdn oltegos bnanosn go arnqunotjy hjlssenb


36/48


cessegos lob CXH dls fnno gpnrlteoi plrts ga ets stnnt tdes wly agr bnhlbns. Rdn

hgotrlhts lrn inonrljjy agr vn ynlrs (gon ynlr rc wetd agur gon-ynlr gptegos),

lob l jlrin pgrtego ga tdn gpnrlteoi hgsts es xnb lob tdn hgotrlht gpnrltgrs

rnspgosefejety. Rdn hgotrlht gpnrltgr pnragrcs ljj butens rnjltnb tg gpnrlteoi tdnsdeps uobnr tdn bernhtego ga wdgnvnr dls gpnrltegolj hgotrgj ga tdn sdep. Xgcn

nxpnosns rnjltnb tg pgrt hgsts, aunj, lob cleotnolohn lob rnpler lrn bernhtjy

rnecfurslfjn fy tdn igvnrocnot eo lo naagrt tg nosurn tdlt prgpnr cleotnolohn

ga tdn igvnrocnot-gwonb lssnt tlmns pjlhn.

Logtdnr CXH cgbnj agr lhquereoi lssnts es tg hdlrtnr l sdep lob hrnw argc

tdn hgccnrhelj clrmnt. Rdes es wdlt OXA es eo tdn prghnss ga bgeoi ogw agr

ehn-frnlmeoi rnsnlrhd sdeps. ôbnr tdes cgbnj, tdn igvnrocnot spnhens tdn

hlplfejetens onnbnb, hgotrlhtgrs prgpgsn sdeps tdlt cnnt tdgsn hlplfejetens, lob

tdno tdn igvnrocnot snjnhts tdn sdep tdlt gaanrs tdn fnst hgcfeoltego ga hlplfejety

lob hgst. Hgst tg tdn igvnrocnot es xnb lt tdn hdlrtnr rltn wetd gojy aunj lobpgrt hgsts rnecfurslfjn. Rdnrnagrn, tdn igvnrocnot mogws wetd rnjltevn prnhesego

wdlt l plrtehujlr cessego wejj hgst. Rdn igvnrocnot bgns ogt ply agr tdn sdeps

wdno tdny lrn ogt lvlejlfjn agr gpnrltego suhd ls agr cleotnolohn (bry bghmeoi) gr

frnlmbgwo. Rdn jnoitd ga tdn hdlrtnr es lt tdn igvnrocnots beshrntego, cnloeoi

tdlt et plys agr tdn sdep gojy agr tdn jnoitd ga tecn et es onnbnb. Rdes typn ga hdlrtnr

es plrtehujlrjy lttrlhtevn agr cessegos tdlt lrn rnjltevnjy sdgrt eo burltego, suhd ls

snlsgolj ehn frnlmeoi gr rnsnlrhd wgrm. Rdn prghurncnot pltd es alst, ljjgweoi tdn

igvnrocnot tg int onnbnb hlplfejety reidt lwly ls tdn onnb bnvnjgps. Et ljsg ljjgws

tdn igvnrocnot tg dlvn lhhnss tg onwnr inonrltegos ga spnheljeznb sdeps seohn

tdny lrn ogt fguob tg tdn suom hgst ga l jgoi-jevnb lssnt tdny gwo. ôbnr tdn CXH

cgbnj, tecn-hdlrtnrnb sdeps lrn hgosebnrnb lssnts ga tdn stltn lob nokgy sgvnrneio

eccuoety uobnr eotnroltegolj jlw. ôbnr tdes cgbnj tdn sdep es gwonb lob gpnrltnb

fy l hgccnrhelj hgcploy, fut tdn cessego es stejj gwonb fy tdn igvnrocnot lob

tdn sdep tlmns bernhtego argc wdgcnvnr tdn gpnrltegolj hgcclobnr es.

L olj gptego es agr tdn igvnrocnot tg hgotrlht gut tdn cessego. Rdn hgotrlhtgr

es tdno rnspgosefjn agr bnjevnreoi l olj prgbuht gr snrvehn agr l spnheh hgst.

Dgw tdn hgotrlhtgr igns lfgut tdlt es up tg tdn hgotrlhtgr, eohjubeoi lhquereoi

lssnts. Agr nxlcpjn, ehn clolincnot lt l plrtehujlr pgrt gr snt ga pgrts wgujb fn

hgotrlhtnb agr, ogt ehnfrnlmnrs. Rdes typn ga hgotrlht es plrtehujlrjy usnauj wdno

hgosebnrlfjn hgccnrhelj nxpnrenohn lob hlplfejety nxests tdlt tdn igvnrocnot

wgujb ogt onnb tg rnpjehltn agr tdn plrtehujlr cessego, lob tdn hgotrlhtgr hlo gaanr

hgst rnbuhtegos flsnb go nhgogcens ga shljn fnhlusn et bnjevnrs l secejlr snrvehn

tg fgtd hgccnrhelj lob igvnrocnot hustgcnrs.

Ogtegolj Lrhteh Ajnnt

Rdn eotnot ga tdn agrnigeoi loljyses es tg fnttnr uobnrstlob tdn cessego novergocnot

agr lo Lrhteh stnnt ls et es ogw, lob jemnjy tg fn eo tdn onlr- tg ceb-tnrc. Eo gtdnr

wgrbs, wdlt bgns tdn oltego rnljjy wlot tdn stnnt tg bg7 Ievno tdlt cessego snt,


37/48


wdehd ga tdn tdrnn preclry linohens jemnjy tg fn gpnrlteoi sdeps eo tdlt rniego

sdgujb dlvn rnspgosefejety agr wdlt7 Ievno tdn fubint novergocnot, wdnrn lvlejlfjn

auobs lrn sdreomeoi alstnr tdlo tdn Lrhteh ehn, tdn trlbetegolj lhquesetego prghnss

es tgg nxpnosevn. Lob ievno tdn uohnrtleotens ga tdn cessego snt eo tdn Lrhteh, tdntrlbetegolj lhquesetego prghnss es tgg eostnxefjn, netdnr slbbjeoi tdn igvnrocnot

wetd vnry nxpnosevn lssnts et bgns ogt onnb ea tdn hljj agr Lrhteh hlplfejety

beceoesdns, ls ceidt fn tdn hlsn ea gej lob ils nxpjgrltego beceoesdns, gr hlthdeoi

tdn igvnrocnot sdgrt ea l surin ga lhtevety ghhurs ls, agr eostlohn, eo tdn nvnot ga l

Xunz Hlolj hreses. Rdn beshussego ga cessego snt bncgostrltns tdlt ehnfrnlmnrs, tdn

trlbetegolj lssnt nvnrygon, eohjubeoi tdgsn eo tdn pgjetehlj rnljc, aghusns go wdno

tdeomeoi lfgut tdn Lrhteh, lrn lhtuljjy prgflfjy ogt wdlt tdn igvnrocnot sdgujb

fn eovnsteoi eo. Rdn cgrn hretehlj cessegos bg ogt bnpnob go ehnfrnlmnrs, lob, agr

cessegos tdlt bg, tdnrn lrn cgbnjs agr lhquereoi tdlt hlplfejety tdlt lrn fnttnr,

alstnr, lob cgrn stnxefjn tdlo tdn ^.X. Hglst Iulrb idteoi wetd Hgoirnss agr tdn

$


38/48


bltl liirniltego, wgujb clmn tdn sdep lo nxhnjjnot pjltagrc agr clretecn

bgcleo lwlrnonss auohtegos, novergocnotlj cgoetgreoi, lob igvnrolohn rniecn

noagrhncnot/novergocnotlj snhurety. Et wgujb ljsg sdgw .X. sgvnrneioty fy

fneoi l hjnlr, vesefjn, lob pnrsestnot prnsnohn eo ^.X. Lrhteh wltnrs. Xuhd lpjltagrc wgujb rncgvn tdn onnb tg bnvnjgp sdgrnsebn eoarlstruhturn tdlt wgujb

fn nxpnosevn tg fuejb lob cleotleo, lob wgujb hrnltn novergocnotlj essuns ga ets

gwo, suhd ls fuejbeoi go pnrclargst. Rdn lhquesetego rgutn agr tdes sdep es hjnlr,

seohn tdn Cejetlry Xnljeat Hgcclob es eo tdn prghnss ga lhquereoi l sdep vnry

secejlr tg tdes agr tdn oetnb Xtltns Olvy Xpnhelj Gpnrltegos Agrhns. Rdnrnagrn,

tdn Hglst Iulrb wgujb fn lhquereoi tdn sdep vel l prghnss tdlt dls ljrnlby fnno

usnb tg gftleo l sdep ga secejlr, ea ogt cgrn lbvlohnb, hlplfejetens. Eo tdn CXH

prghurncnot hlsn, tdn sdep wgujb fn prghurnb uobnr l tecn hdlrtnr, cnloeoi

tdlt lo gpnrlteoi hgcploy wgujb gpnrltn tdn pjltagrc wdejn tdn Xpnhelj Agrhns

ceidt dlvn upwlrbs ga twg duobrnb pnrsgoonj go fglrb lt loy gon tecn, lob tdn

sdep wgujb tlmn bernhtego bernhtjy argc tdn gpnrltegolj hgcclobnr. Rdn CXHessunb l hlplfejetens stltncnot lob hgotrlhtgrs wnrn rnspgosefjn agr bnjevnreoi

l sdep cnnteoi tdnsn hlplfejetens uobnr l xnb-prehn lrrloincnot. Rdn ^.X.

Hglst Iulrb hgujb lhquern tdn sdep tdrguid lo ebnotehlj prghnss gr uobnr lo

ljtnroltevn lhquesetego rgutn suhd ls l flrnfglt hdlrtnr, gr lo gutreidt purhdlsn.

Xuhd l sdep hgujb fn lvlejlfjn eo jnss tdlo neidtnno cgotds lob agr l arlhtego

ga tdn hgst ga l trlbetegolj bnseio-lob-fuejb ehnfrnlmnr. Rdn Hglst Iulrb hgujb

fuy vn ga tdnsn agr tdn hgst ga gon ehnfrnlmnr uobnr ets trlbetegolj lhquesetego

prghnss.

Ydejn tdn LAXF hgujb prgvebn tdn Hglst Iulrb wetd seioehlot hlplfejety tg

cnnt cgst ga tdn cessego snt, tdnrn rncleos tdn onnb agr ehn-hlplfjn lssnts agr

sdnrens pltrgj, igvnrolohn rniecn noagrhncnot, lob jlw noagrhncnot. Rdn

hurrnot Hlolbelo Lrhteh Gaasdgrn Pltrgj Xdep (LGPX) prgirlc cly fn l iggb

pjlhn tg jggm agr eosperltego, lob pgtnotelj hgst-slveoi hgujb lresn ea tdn Hglst

Iulrb wnrn tg plrtonr wetd tdn Hlolbelos eo sdlreoi bnseio lob bnvnjgpcnot

hgsts, wetd sdeps fneoi fuejt eo nlhd hguotrys rnspnhtevn ylrbs. Ydejn lhtulj

hgprgbuhtego wgujb brlcltehljjy rnbuhn hgsts lob spnnb lssnts eotg tdn wltnr

cgrn rlpebjy agr fgtd hguotrens, tdlt es prgflfjy l pgjetehlj stnp tgg alr= sg wdejn

cnotegoeoi tdlt fgtd tdn ^oetnb Xtltns lob Hlolbl hgujb fnont argc tdlt

lpprglhd, et wejj ogt fn beshussnb aurtdnr dnrn. Rdn LGPX hlplfejety snt, snt agrtd

fnjgw es hjnlrjy tlejgrnb tgwlrbs l Hlolbelo cessego, fut et wgujb ogt fn dlrb

tg rnpjlhn tdn Hlolbelo-spnheh rnquerncnots wetd .X. rnquerncnots wetdgut

lbbeoi tg sdep bnseio gr hgsts.

Rdn Hlolbelo LGPX prgirlc jests ls tdn sdep hlplfejety snt;

Rdn sdeps wejj dlvn suahenot stnxefejety tg gpnrltn eobnpnobnotjy lob

naanhtevnjy eo Hlolbls Nxhjusevn Nhgogceh [gon (NN[), eohjubeoi suhd bevnrsn

novergocnots ls tdn Hlolbelo Lrhteh, tdn Irlob Floms ga Onwaguobjlob, lob


39/48


gaa tdn ogrtdwnst hglst ga tdn \unno Hdlrjgttn Esjlobs. Rdn sdeps wgujb ljsg

fn hlplfjn ga olveilteoi tdn Xt. Jlwrnohn Vevnr go l ynlr-rguob flses lob

fnrtdeoi eo \unfnh Hety=

Rdny wejj fn lfjn tg gpnrltn ynlr-rguob eo cnbeuc rst-ynlr ehn wdehd cly

eohjubn gjb ehn eohjusegos ls wnjj ls tdn gpno ghnlo lrnls eo tdn Ltjloteh lob

Plheh Hlolbelo NN[=

Rdny wejj dlvn lo ehn hlplfejety nxhjusevnjy agr tdner gwo cgfejety lob ogt

tg prgvebn ehn-frnlmeoi snrvehns tg gtdnrs=

Rdny wejj fn lfjn tg sustleo gpnrltegos agr up tg agur cgotds=

Rdny wejj dlvn l rloin ga lt jnlst sex tdguslob neidt duobrnb olutehlj cejns=

Rdny wejj dlvn suahenot griloeh setultegolj lwlrnonss tg nosurn slanty

ga olveiltego lob steidt=

Rdny wejj dlvn l suahenot hgcclob, hgotrgj, lob hgccuoehltego (H8)

hlplfejety tg prgvebn lob rnhnevn rnlj-tecn eoagrcltego tg/argc tdn Hlolbelo

Agrhns Hgccgo Gpnrlteoi Pehturn (HGP)=

Rdny wejj dlvn l hruesn spnnb ga lt jnlst


40/48


OGLL Ls ogtnb eo tdn loljyses, tdn shenohn cessego es l hretehlj hlplfejety tdlt es

onnbnb ogw. OGLL onnbs tdn lfejety tg hgobuht nxtnosevn shenohn cessegos eo tdn

Lrhteh plrtonrnb wetd OXA, ÔGJX, lob gtdnr shenohn-grenotnb griloezltegos fgtd eo

tdn ôetnb Xtltns lob lrguob tdn wgrjb. Loy nxplosego eo shenohn hlplfejety sdgujbfn hggrbeoltnb lcgoi ljj stlmndgjbnrs eo tdn .X. Lrhteh shenohn lrnol, eohjubeoi

eobustry suhd ls gej hgcploens wdehd ljrnlby dlvn l wnljtd ga eoagrcltego lob

hlplfejety. L hggrbeoltnb shenohn cessego hgujb fn clolinb fy lo gvnrljj

clolinr, lob tdn eoagrcltego ileonb hgujb fn sdlrnb tdrguid lo Lrhteh shenohn

nxhdloin wdehd lbbrnssns onnbs eo grbnr ga prnhnbnohn. Rdn OGLL stnnt sdgujb

fn luicnotnb wetd fgtd griloeh lob hdlrtnrnb tgoolin. Rdn griloeh tgoolin

hlo fn lhquernb argc tdn hgccnrhelj clrmnt quehmjy fy hgovnrteoi ehn-hlplfjn

gej eobustry suppgrt sdeps tg l shenohn cessego. Deidjy spnheljeznb rnsnlrhd sdeps

suhd ls ehn-frnlmeoi rnsnlrhd sdeps sdgujb fn prghurnb tdrguid tdn hgccnrhelj

clrmnt ls OXA es hurrnotjy bgeoi.

Rdn ôetnb Xtltns Olvy Ls ogtnb nlrjenr, ievno tdn olturn ga tdn cessegos netdnr

ghhurreoi eo tdn Lrhteh ogw gr jemnjy tg ghhur eo tdn onlr- tg ceb-tnrc, lob wdnrn

cgst ga tdgsn cessegos lrn jemnjy tg dlppno (^.X. NN[), tdnrn bgns ogt lppnlr tg

fn l onnb agr tdn ôetnb Xtltns Olvy tg eovnst eo spnheljeznb ehn-hlplfjn lssnts. Lt

tdes pgeot tdn jlrinst cessego agr tdn olvy es tg lht ls l dnbin lileost uohnrtleoty

lob tg luicnot tdn prgknhtego ga sgvnrneioty bgon fy tdn Hglst Iulrb. Et es iggb

agr ljjens lob pgtnotelj lbvnrslrens ljemn tg snn tdn olvy lrguob. Rdn olvy onnbs

tg fn prnsnot eo tdn Lrhteh wdno lob wdnrn et hlo utejezn nxesteoi lssnts suppgrtnb

fy onw RRPs agr gpnrlteoi eo ehn-arnn gr onlrjy ehn-arnn wltnrs eo tdn olveiltego

snlsgo. L hggpnrltevn nxhdloin prgirlc wetd tdn Hglst Iulrb tg bnvnjgp l hlbrn

ga olvlj gahnrs wetd Lrhteh nxpnrenohn hgujb fn hrnltnb tg luicnot nxpnrenohn

ileonb fy bernht olvy bnpjgycnots tg tdn rniego.

Gej Xpejj Vnspgosn lob Ehn Frnlmeoi Gej spejj rnspgosn lob inonrlj ehn frnlmeoi

lrn fgtd cessegos tdlt hlo lob sdgujb fn prgvebnb fy eobustry uobnr l agrc

ga hggpnrltevn. Rdn cgbnj agr tdes hlplfejety nxests eo tdn agrc ga tdn Gej Xpejj

Vncgvlj Griloezltego (GXVG), l .X. Hglst Iulrb-lpprgvnb ogt-agr-prgt

hgcploy wdgsn auohtego es tg prgvebn gej spejj rnspgosn hlplfejety lob lssnts

tg cncfnr hgcploens. Clreon Xpejj Vnspgosn Hgrpgrltego es tdn jlrinst suhd

griloezltego eo tdn oetnb Xtltns.99Cncfnrsdep eo lo GXVG hgujb fn clobltnb

tdrguid tdn pgrt stltn hgotrgj systnc kust ls et es ogw. Rdn GXVG lhquerns, prn-

pgsetegos, lob cleotleos ljj lssnts rnquernb tg rnspgob tg l spejj, trleos wetd

tdn nquepcnot, lob rnspgobs eo tdn nvnot ga lo lhtulj ncnrinohy. L secejlr

lrrloincnot hgujb fn rnquernb eo tdn Lrhteh lob cncfnrsdep hgujb fn clobltgry

agr sdeps wgrmeoi eo tdn Lrhteh, eohjubeoi hruesn sdeps. Rdn Lrhteh vnrsego ga lo

GXVG hgujb ljsg prgvebn inonrljeznb ehn-frnlmeoi snrvehn, hgosebnreoi tdlt ehn

frnlmeoi, gr lt l ceoecuc ehn clolincnot, hgujb rnlsgolfjy fn nxpnhtnb tg fn

onnbnb eo tdn nvnot ga l rnlj spejj rnspgosn. Rdnrnagrn, et es rnlsgolfjn tg rnquern

l aujjy hgcpntnot GXVG, hnrtenb tg gpnrltn eo Lrhteh wltnrs, tg eohjubn rgfust


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42/48


cgst pgpujlr prnss, es lhtuljjy jemnjy tg fn hgcplrltevnjy scljj, tg fn bnsteoltego

eo olturn, lob jlrinjy bnvgtnb tg eobustrelj lhtevety eo tdn Vusselo Lrhteh. Jlrin

lssnt eovnstcnots rnjltnb tg rniujlteoi clretecn sdeppeoi lrn ogt onnbnb eo

tdn agrnsnnlfjn auturn. Jlstjy, tdn aghus go ehn frnlmeoi ls l igvnrocnot notnrpresnes cespjlhnb seohn tdlt lhtevety hlo fn lhhgcpjesdnb fy eobustry eo l cgrn hgst-

nahenot lob naanhtevn cloonr.

Ogtns

< Xnn agr nxlcpjn Xhgtt Fgrinrsgo, Rdn Hgceoi Lrhteh Fggc, Agrneio Laalers(Kujy/Lui 60


43/48


Rdn Hlolbelos hjlec tdn Ogrtdwnst Plsslin ls lo eotnrolj, tnrretgrelj wltnr, lob eo grbnr tg

ncpdlsezn tdlt hjlec tdny rnanr tg et ls tdn Hlolbelo dttp;//www.plrj.ih.hl/Hgotnot/JGP

/rnsnlrhdpufjehltegos/prf0929-n.dtc#stltusOgrtdwnst Plsslin. Rdn Hlolbelo pgsetego es nxtnosevnjy

bghucnotnb, fut tdn Plrjelcnot ga Hlolbl prgvebns l iggb flhmirguob eo Hgotrgvnrselj

Hlolbelo Hjlecs gvnr Lrhteh wltnrs lob Clretecn [gons lt dttp;//www.plrj.ih.hl/Hgotnot/JGP

/rnsnlrhdpufjehltegos/prf0929-n.dtc#stltus.

,


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8< Xnn agr nxlcpjn Irnnopnlhn Lrhteh wnfsetn, dttp;/ /www.irnnopnlhn.gri/eotnroltegolj/no/hlcpleios

/hjecltn-hdloin/lrhteh-ecplhts.

86 Rdes snhtego tlmno argc Hlrcnj, Xgvnrneioty, Vniujltgry Vniecns, lob Novergocnotlj Xnhurety eo tdn

Lrhteh.

88 Xnn dttp;//www.ecg.gri/Lfgut/Plins/Bnalujt.lspx.

82 Xnn dttp;//www.ecg.gri/GurYgrm/Novergocnot/PgjjutegoPrnvnotego/Plins/Bnalujt.lspx.

8> Agr l aujj jesteoi ga Xpnhelj Lrnls fy Loonx, snn ECG Xpnhelj Lrnls lt dttp;//www.ecg.gri/GurYgrm

/Novergocnot/PgjjutegoPrnvnotego/XpnheljLrnls^obnrCLVPGJ/Plins/Bnalujt.lspx.

81 Xnn dttp;//www.ecg.gri/GurYgrm/Novergocnot/PgjjutegoPrnvnotego/PXXLs/Plins/Bnalujt.lspx.

89 Xnn dttp;//www.ecg.gri/GurYgrm/Novergocnot/PgjjutegoPrnvnotego/PXXLs/Plins/Bnalujt.lspx.

84 Xnn dttp; //www.ecg.gri/GurYgrm/Xlanty/ XlantyRgpehs/Plins/PgjlrXdeppeoiXlanty.lspx= tdn aujj tnxt ga

tdn Iuebnjeons agr Xdeps gpnrlteoi eo Lrhteh Yltnrs es lt dttp;//www>.ecg.gri/XdlrnPgeot/fjlstBltlGojy

.lsp/bltlWeb31165/1-CNPH-Herh855.pba.

85 Xnn dttps;//www.fechg.gri/Cncfnrs/Onws/60


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>< Xnn dttp; //www.th.ih.hl/noi/clreonslanty/bnfs-lrhteh-lhts-rniujltegos-lerss-656 Rdn lutdgr wls l plrteheplot, tdnrnagrn dls pnrsgolj mogwjnbin ga nvnots.

>8 Hgcpjntn eoagrcltego go OGVBVNI es lt dttp; //www.hhi-ihh.ih.hl/n0002 Aujj tnxt hlo fn aguob lt dttp; //www.uo.gri/Bnpts /jgs/hgovnotegoWlirnncnots/ tnxts/uohjgs

/hjgseobx.dtc.

>> Agr l beshussego ga tdn rniujltgry rniecn igvnroeoi tdn Ogrtdnro Xnl Vgutn snn Nrem Arlohmx

Rdn Jnilj Vniecn ga Olveiltego eo tdn Vusselo Lrhteh, Kgurolj ga Rrlosoltegolj Jlw lob Pgjehy9 Xnn dttp;//www.plcn.es.

>4 Grlo V. Uguoi, Rdn Lrhteh eo Pjly; Igvnrolohn eo l Recn ga Vlpeb Hdloin, Rdn Eotnroltegolj Kgurolj

ga Clreon lob Hglstlj Jlw62 (6005); 268226.

>5 Lbnjn Lergjbe, Nurgpnlo ^oego lob tdn Lrhteh (rnpgrt agr tdn Ogrbeh Hguohej ga Ceoestnrs,

Ghtgfnr


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90 Arlotze, Eostetutegolj Pnragrclohn ga Novergocnotlj Vniecns.

9< Brnssnr, Onnb agr l Feobeoi, Vniego-Xpnheh Xdeppeoi Vniecn= Grlo V. Uguoi, Rdn

Eotnroltegoljezltego ga tdn Herhucpgjlr Ogrtd; Hdlrteoi l Hgursn agr tdn 6


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Hgpyreidt 60


48/48

Lfgut tdn Lutdgr

Lrhteh Xnhurety Eoeteltevn

Ydno hgcfeonb wetd nhgogceh lob pgjetehlj bnvnjgpcnots,

tdn hdloieoi Lrhteh es tdn cgst seioehlot pdysehlj ijgflj

nvnot seohn tdn nob ga tdn jlst Ehn Lin. Lo uornsgjvnb strltnieh

tnrretgry, tdn eohrnlsnb lhtevety suiinsts tdlt tdn rniego hgujb

fnhgcn tdn sufknht ga eotnosevn onigteltegos lob pgssefjn

arehtego lob hgoargotltego rnjlteoi tg rnsgurhns, ghnlo lhhnss,

lob sgvnrneioty. Eo jeidt ga tdgsn hdloins lob hdljjnoins,

tdn Dggvnr Eostetutego Lrhteh Xnhurety Eoeteltevn dls fnno put

eo pjlhn tg lbbrnss tdn strltnieh lob snhurety ecpjehltegos

ga eohrnlsnb lhtevety lob tg ebnoteay gppgrtuoetens agr sdlpeoi

l slan, snhurn, lob prgspnrgus Lrhteh.

Agr cgrn eoagrcltego lfgut tdn Lrhteh Xnhurety Eoeteltevn, veset

us gojeon lt www.dggvnr.gri/tlsmagrhns/lrhteh-snhurety.

Xtnpdno C. Hlrcnj

Xtnpdno C. Hlrcnj es tdnsnoegr vehn prnsebnot ga

Clretecn Xnrvehns lt Clnrsm

Jeon Jecetnb. Dn prnvegusjy

dnjb pgsetegos eo gpnrltegos

lob olohn lob snrvnb lt

snl ls l bnhm gahnr lob

clstnr, preclrejy go tlomnrs.

Hlrcnj irlbultnb argc

tdn ^X Cnrhdlot Clreon

Lhlbncy= dn dgjbs lo CL

eo nhgogcehs lob lo CFL

lob es l PdB hlobebltn,

ljj eo Eotnroltegolj Pgje tehlj

Nhgogcy, lt Gjb Bgceoego^oevnrsety. Des rnsnlrhd

eotnrnsts lrn eo trlbn,

hgosteht, lob Lrhteh essuns.

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