Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: A shirt factory that killed 140 workers because of the lack of care taken in employee safety and standards. This led to many employees and small business’s demanding proper protection from employers. Unions formed and better conditions were protested.

Herbert Croly, Promise of American Life: A pragmatist who in 1909 wrote in his book Promise of American Life that the American government should be responsible in the economic welfare of all citizens.

John Dewey: in 1920 after witnessing the numbers of attendees in public school swell by the millions he wanted to use public schooling as the main instrument of social change in society.

Lincoln Steffens; Ida Tarbell; “Muckrakers”: Both were writers who exposed underhanded business policies and tactics earning the name muckrakers in the first years of the century. These two were significant because their exposes and excerpts were collected and put into books.

Hazen Pingree; Progressive reform mayors: Was an aggressive reformers of Detroit in the 1890’s who created public baths and fairer taxation throughout the city to help the poor. He even went as far as to “quarantine” a brothel to gain the backing of a prominent businessman trapped inside.

Florence Kelly: A former employee of Hull House who later became the chief factory inspector for Illinois in 1893, she was a shining example of what the Hull House was meant to do.

Robert Lafollette; “Wisconsin Idea”: In 1900 won the Wisconsin election for governor in 1900 and began reforming the system immediately by setting up a legislative reference library to keep lawmakers away from corrupt lobbyists. This and Lafollette’s other reforms became known as the Wisconsin idea.

Anti Saloon League: A group formed in 1895, focused on the ban of alcoholic beverages in America, led by full time legislatures but protestant ministers created a large network of communications.

Booker T. Washington vs. William Trotter, Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Dubois and the Niagara Movement: All people who pushed for full equality between blacks and whites around the beginning of the 20th century, this idea directly opposed the governments slow integration of equality.

Mary Ovington, Oswald Villard, the NAACP: Ovington helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and wrote a book highlighting the terrors of racism. Villard was a newspaper writer who led a group of white reformers.

Carrie Chapman Catt and NAWSA: Catt replaced Susan B Anthony as the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She changed the strategies of it to more connected organization and tighter coordination starting with her.

Alice Paul and the Woman’s Party: Paul opposed Catt’s ways and founded the Congressional Union in 1913, later renamed the Woman’s Party. She tried to get Congress to pass a woman’s suffrage amendment.

Margaret Sanger and Birth Control: Sanger, a nurse and socialist began fighting for birth control. She later fled to England when charged with obscenity for her journal, The Woman Rebel. She later founded the American Birth Control League.

International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union: Founded in 1900 by female immigrants working in New York City. The conducted successful strikes in 1909 and 1911.

William Haywood and the Industrial Workers of the World: Haywood was the leader of another Union called the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). IWW included 30 thousand members.

Eugene Debs and the Socialist Party of America: Debs was the Indiana Labor leader. In 1900 democratic socialists founded the Socialist Party of America. Debs was the SPAs presidential candidate 5 times between 1900 and 1920. SPA membership reached 118 thousand in 1912.

Coal Miners Strike of 1902: The United Mine Workers Union (UMW) called a strike to get high wages and shorter hours. After five months and winter nearing, the president had to step in. It was eventually resolved with the miners gaining 10% on wages and a one hour decrease in their day.

Hepburn Act: This empowered Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads. It helped keep prices down, remove biases and keep corruption in huge corporations down. It raised the governments powers and limited private companies’.

Pure Food and Drug Act; Meat Inspection Act: Roosevelt supported two acts which passed in 1906 ad helped make labels more accurate as well as keep drugs and unsanitary items out of foods. This secured a lot of people’s mindsets.

Newlands act of 1902-Federal law that funded the irrigation of arid lands in 20 western states. Gifford Pinchot and conservationists-Gifford was a progressive republican known for the reformation of the way national parks were ran and managed John Muir, Sierra club, preservationists-Muir is known for saving two national parks, and also was responsible for founding the sierra club, one of the most the most important conservation programs in the U.S.A

 Pain-Aldrich Tariff-First major Tariff since 1898, it cut down on tariffs on certain goods, it also caused a stir in the Republican Party Insurgents and Joseph Cannon-Speaker of the house-from Illinois he was a major contributor to the stopping any reform bills from reaching a vote Ballinger-Pinchot affair-a dispute between head of forest preserves and U.S. secretary of state large contributor to the split of the Republican Party. New Nationalism; New Freedom- New nationalism is the idea that Roosevelt moved toward, big on “trustbusters” and moved in a progressive direction.  New Freedom was backed by Taft, and went up directly against Roosevelt’s ideas. Underwood-Simmons Tariff-re-imposed federal income tax as well as lowering tariff rates from 40% to 25% Federal Reserve act-created Federal Reserve System, also granted the legal authority to issue legal tender. Federal Trade Commission- separate from the U.S. government, created to protect consumers, and to eliminate anti-competition to eliminate “Coercive monopoly.” Clayton Anti-trust act- An act passed to eliminate any consumer harming groups such as monopolies, trusts or cartels. Louis Brandeis and Muller v. Oregon- Brandeis was a Jewish Supreme associate court justice.  Muller v. Oregon was court case that prosecuted Muller, a laundryman who was accused of making a women work more than 10 hours a day, violating Oregon’s labor laws. 16th,17th,18th and 19nth Amendments- 16, allowed for the collection of income tax, 17 the direct election of senators, 18, the prohibition of alcohol consuming, selling, making or transporting, 19 women’s suffrage movement