METHOD METHOD APPROACH APPROACH

DESIGNDESIGNPROCEDUREPROCEDUREPRINCIPLEPRINCIPLE

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

Method: Theory is put into practice and it tells what skills and content to be taught and order of contents. It comprises three levels: approach, design and procedure.

Richards and Rodgers (1985: 16)

Approach:Theories about the nature of language learning that serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching.

Design: “...[it] specifies the relationship of theories of language and learning to both the form and function of instructional materials and activities in instructional settings.”

Procedure: “...[it] comprises the classroom techniques and practices that are consequences of particular approaches and designs.”

APPROACHES• GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION

APROACH

• ORAL APPROACH

• STRUCTURAL APPROACH

• AUDIO-LINGUAL APPROACH

• COGNITIVE APPROACH

• COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH

• NATURAL APPROACH

• HUMANISTIC APPROACH

METHODS1. TRADITIONAL METHOD (GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD).

2. DIRECT METHOD.

3. AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD.

4. COMMUNICATIVE METHOD.

7. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE.

8. SUGGESTOPEDIA.

9. TASK-BASED LEARNING.

10. CONTENT-BASED LEARNING.

11. MULTIMEDIA/CALL METHODS.

12. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES METHODS.

13. OTHER METHODS.