Applied Kinesiology Session 1 Notes

Applied KinesiologyBasic Certification Course Session 1

Robert Ciprian, DC, DIBAK

www.MuscleTestingDoctor.com503.222.5509

2012 Robert Ciprian, DC, DIBAK1

http://www.drciprian.com/seminarshttp://www.drciprian.com/seminars

Applied Kinesiology (AK) History 2; BP-1n From the inquisitive mind of Dr. George Goodheartn Early 1960s began to research the causes and effects of muscular weaknessn Each year Dr. Goodheart has added to the body of knowledge known as

Applied Kinesiology

Dr. George J. Goodheart (1918-2008)n He was the first non-medical practitioner to become a

member of the United States Sports Medicine Committee of the US Olympic team during the 1980 winter games in Lake Placid, New York.

n He was also nominated in April of 1988 by Members of the US Congress for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award bestowed by the President on behalf of the nation.

n Goodheart was featured in an April 2001 Time Magazine article titled "A New Breed of Healers," in which he was dubbed "The Man with Magic Fingers."

Applied Kinesiology (AK) History 2; BP-1n 1964 first book on muscle testingn 1966 neurolymphatic researchn 1967 neurovascular researchn 1969 basic cranial motion correctionsn 1970 basic acupuncture relationships 1974 therapy localizationn 1976 TMJ correlations n PRY techniquen Strain counterstrainn Spondylogenic reflexesn Myogelosis


International College of Applied Kinesiologyn The I.C.A.K. was formed in 1975.n In the 1980s the college expanded to the U.S., Canada, Euro countries and

Australia.n Regular membership is open to health care professionals and students.n Diplomates are required to complete over 300 hours of training and pass both

a five part exam and oral examinations. Diplomates can then apply for teaching status with the college.

Triad of Health -2; BP-1Health is a three sided trianglen Structuraln Chemicaln Mental

Structuren Classically the domain

of the n Chiropractor, n Osteopath,n Physical therapist,n Physiatristn TMJ dentist

Chemicaln Classically the domain

of the n Internistn Naturopathn Nutritionistn Herbalistn Homeopathn Psychiatrist

Mentaln Classically the domain

of the n Psychologistn Therapistn Priest, Minister,

Rabbi, Spiritual Counseling

Applied Kinesiology Symboln Correction of imbalances in the spine can alter and normalize function in these

various systems.n Likewise, an imbalance in the spine can cause abnormal functioning in these

systems altering muscle and organ function.n Part of the symbol is an equilateral triangle of the three major factors in health.n Surrounded by five factors that can be influenced through spinal malfunctioning


Applied Kinesiology Symbol Five Factors -2; BP-2n Nerve Functionn Neurolymphatic reflex

o (Frank Chapman, DO)n Neurovascular reflex

o (Terrence Bennett, DC)n Cerebrospinal fluid

o (Sutherland, DO & Cottom, DC)n Acupuncture Meridian Connector

Neuro-Lymphatic Reflexes -2; BP-2An In the 1930s Frank Chapman, D.O., described neurologic reflexes he

associated with poor lymphatic circulation of specific organs in the body.n In 1965 Dr. Goodheart related the lymphatic reflexes to specific muscle-organ

dysfunction.

Treatment Contact with a firm rotatory fashion. Reflex will be tender to palpation. Stimulate reflex until tenderness is diminished

Symptoms Acute conditions Tenderness of muscles or organs Infections (tonsillitis, Otitis, Lung infec, etc.) Weakness upon prolonged exertion.

Neurovascualar Reflexes -2; BP-2Bn First reported by Terrence Bennett, DC in the 1930s as empirical points that

affect circulation to specific organs.n Studied patients with fluoroscopy to see increase of vascularity in organ.n In 1966 Dr. Goodheart related the vascular points to specific organ-muscle

combinations.n Almost entirely located on the skull.


Treatmentn Points are contacted with a light tugging of the skin, in a varying direction for

maximum pulsation, overlying the point.n The rate of pulsation is between 70 and 74 bpm. Will vary only slightly with

the patients heart rate.n If points are bilateral, stimulate until pulses synchronize. n Treatment time from 20 sec. to 5 min.

Cerebrospinal Fluid -2; BP-2E n At the turn of the century William Garner Sutherland, DO and

Nephi Cottom, DC began studying the respiratory movements of the skull.

n Many references can be found relating motion of the skull and pelvis with inspiration and expiration. (Mark Pick, DC, and Violoa Fryman, DC)

Acupuncture-intro -2; BP-2Fn The primary intent of the acupuncturist is to prevent sickness and disease. The

doctor who treats disease is considered a secondary practitioner. The higher doctor prevents disease.

n Officially the oldest known reference is written by the Yellow Emperor, who ruled from 2696 to 2598 BC.

n Classical acupuncture consists of 4 basic methods of treatment:1. Stimulation of meridian points to balance the energies of the body.2. Dietary changes as well as the use of herbs.3. Manipulation of the spine.4. Psychotherapy through meditation and introspective analysis.

n Energy, chi, flows through the body in distinct pathways called meridians. Chi is defined as the energy of life. Without it we are dead.

n Imbalances in the meridians, too much or too little, cause disease.


Spinal Associated Points Meridian-muscle relationshipsnT3-4 LungnT4-5 Circulation SexnT5-6 HeartnT6-7 Governing VesselnT8-9 Conception VesselnT9-10 LivernT10-11 Gall BladdernT11-12 SpleennT12-L1 StomachnL1-2 Triple HeaternL2-3 KidneynL4-5 Large IntestinenS1 Small IntestinenS2 Bladder

n LU- Deltiods, Ant. Serratus, Coracobrachialisn LI- TFL, Hamstrings, Quad Lumborumn SP- Latissimus, Triceps, Mid Lower Trapn ST- Pectoralis Clavicular, Neck Flex/Extn TW- Teres Minor, Infraspinatusn CX- Sartotious, Gracilis, G Max/Medn SI- Quads, Abdominalsn HT- Subscapularisn GB- Popliteusn LV- Pec Major Sternal, Rhomboidn BL- Tib. Ant., Peroneus Longus/Brevis,

Sacropinalisn KI- Psoas, Iliacus, Upper Trapezius

Muscle Testing Principlesn Any test should only be used as a diagnostic tool

in combination with patient history, physical signs, symptoms and other various test results.

n Muscle testing is only as good as the person using it, just like a stethoscope is only as good as the person using it.

n Muscles may be weak due to trauma/structural factors, biochemical or emotional factors.

n A weak muscle may be facilitated with a physical challenge, oral nutrition testing, or touching of a reflex or a structural correlation.


Upper Trapezius -9; M-47Origin: Arises from the external occipital protuberance, the medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous of C 7 vertebra.Insertion: Into the acromion process and the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle.Nerve Supply: C - 2, 3 & 4, ventral ramus, Spinal accessory nerveAction: Elevates the shoulder; rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces in a superior direction; lateral flexion of the head and neck and aids in cervical and neck extension.Indications: In the standing position, the person will have a dropping of the shoulder on the side of weakness; If weak, bilaterally, the head will appear to be forward of the thoracic cage. Torticollis.

Neurolmphatic Reflex

Neurovascular Cranial Stress Receptor

Kidney (eyes and ears)

Body part position: Elevate the shoulder and then to bring the ear towards the shoulder. The head is then rotated 20 degrees away from the side being tested.Stabilization: The hand is placed over the elevated shoulder.Vector of Force: Pressure is directed as to pull the head away from the elevated shoulder. Leverage is gained by standing on the side opposite the muscle being tested.Nutrition: Vitamins A, B, C, G, EFAs


Sternocleidomastoid -9; M-36

Origin: Sternal head: anterior surface of themanubrium. Clavicular head: upper surface of the medial head of the clavicle.Insertion: Into the lateral surface of the mastoid process and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occiput.Nerve supply:Spinal portion of the Spinal Accessory (Cranial 11), Anterior rami of C-2 &3The sternocleidomastoid and the upper trapezius work in an opposite pattern in gait. When one is contracted the other on the same side is inhibited. Action: Jointly, the sternocleidomastoid, when contracted bilaterally, flexes the head on the neck and aids in cervical flexion. Unilaterally, contraction rotates the head to the opposite side; Aids in lateral bending of the cervical spine; Aids in elevation of the rib cage.Indications: Hyperextension/hyperflexion type injuries. Torticollis; decreased cervical range of motion; head rotation towards the side of weakness.

Neurolymphatic Reflexes


Stomach (sinuses)

Body part position: The neck is flexed and then the head is flexed on the neck. The head and neck are then fully rotated.The subject's arms are flexed above 90 degrees to limit recruitmentStabilization: The non-testing hand is placed behind the head to catch it in case of weaknessVector of Force: Pressure is applied against the head at a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the head. Contact is made over the parietal bone,as to pull the head away from the elevated shoulder. Leverage is gained by standing on the side opposite the muscle being tested.Nutrition: Niacin or niacinamide in a 5:1 ratio with B-6


Piriformis -9; M-25

Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum from between the first and second sacral foramina to between the third and fourth sacral foramina, the sacroiliac joint capsule and the sacrospinous ligament.Insertion: Inserts into the medial, superior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.Nerve Supply: L - 5; S - 1 & 2.Action: Controls pelvic rotation on heel strike. It aids in stabilizing the femur head in the acetabulum; functions as a lateral rotator of the femur when femur flexed below 90 degrees. Above 90 degrees, it is medial rotator; lower fibers cause anterior movement of the sacral base and posterior motion of the sacral apex.Indications: Entrapment of the nerves and vessels in the greater sciatic notch by an imbalance in the piriformis will result in symptoms that mimic a lumbar disc syndrome; medial rotation of the femur, this is especially evident when observing the patient walking. The patella will be rotated during the swing phase of gait.



Reproductive

Shortening Indications: Sacrum tilted posterior and rotated; Patient will stand on opposite leg; Femur is abducted and externally rotated; Knee is laterally deviatedBody part position: Femur should be flexed to just less than 90 degrees and the knee bent 90 degrees.Stabilization: Pressure is applied at the knee to stabilize the femur.Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the lower leg to medially rotate the femur. Nutrition: Gonadal extracts, Prostate support, Niacin, Vitamins E, A, Zinc


Latissimus dorsi -9; M-15

Origin: Crest of the ilium, the sacrum, the lumbar vertebrae and the lower six thoracic vertebrae. It also arises from the last three or four ribs. Insertion: Along with the teres major and the pectoralis into the intertubercular groove of the humerus.Nerve supply: C - 6 - 7 8; Long scapular nerveAction: Depresses the shoulder and extends the humerus. Adduct and aids in internal rotation of the humerus. The upper fibers retract the scapula. Bilateral contraction causes extension of the thoracic spine.Indications: Generalized pains in the lower ribs posteriorly; Thoracic outlet syndrome; Weakness of the arm and hand; Pains in the shoulder or posteriorly over the lower ribs in activities like reaching out in front and lifting objects.



Spleen (pancreas)

Body part position: The elbow is fully extended and the arm is internally rotated so that the palm is facing posterior. The arm is then abducted 20 degrees. Contact over the lower arm just superior to the wrist.Stabilization: The hand is placed over the shoulder joint.Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the forearm as to abduct the arm at an angle of 20 degrees of flexion

Nutrition: Pancreatic enzymes, Selenium, Chromium, Beat leaf extracts,Vitamin A, essential fatty acids, Betaine


Psoas -9; M-28

Origin: Firmly to the vertebral bodies, discs from T 12 to L5 and to the transverse processes of L1 to L 5.L 2, 3 & 4. Insertion: Into the lesser trochanter of the femur on the posterior medial aspect. Nerve supply: L2, 3, 4.Action: Flexion of the femur.Standing: Flexes the lumbar spine. When normal lordosis is present, it assists in lumbar flexion in the standing position.

Indications Found weak on the side of the short stride; Bilaterally, stabilizes the lumbar spine; Unilateral weakness causes over contraction of the opposite psoas; Diaphragm imbalance; Disc Instability; Supports iliocecal valve; Pains in the inguinal ligament area; Hip joint dysfunction



Kidney

Body part position: Knee is extended and externally rotated. The leg is abducted 30 degrees with the thigh flexed to 140 degreesStabilization: Over the opposite thigh.Vector of Force: Pressure is applied in the direction of a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the lower leg. Nutrition: Water if the muscle is found weak bilaterally, Vitamins A and E.


Therapy Localization -1; D-1An Evidence shows that there is an electromagnetic field around the bodyn Alterations in this field have been relate to changes in underlying tissue

function n Kirlian photography

n Goodheart found that when a patient placed their hand over an area where there was any dysfunction, a strong indicator muscle would weaken

n He also found that touching an area that could be used to treat the muscle would cause the muscle to strengthen

Procedure to find a problem-Therapy Localizationn Start with a strong indicator musclen Place the patients hand over an area where you suspect a problem or

dysfunction to ben If the muscle tests weak, a problem will be found under the area being

contactedn Reflexn Subluxationn Pathology

Procedure for therapy-Therapy Localizationn Start with a weak musclen Place the patients hand over an area that is related with the muscle

n Lymphatic reflexn Nerve supplyn Vascular reflexn Local subluxationn Muscle Origin-Insertion - Spindle cells-Golgi tendon organ

Enhanced Therapy Localizationn Fingers touch the skinn Dehydration - wet the fingersn Hold breath for 5 - 7 secondsn Use palmar and dorsal surfaces of the handn Boy scout salute n Interlace fingers used to activate both right and left brains


Static Postural Analysis -1; D-2/ -3; SP-27 / 2; BP-26n Muscle weaknesses create predictable postural alterationsn The problem is that you will usually find multiple weaknesses

Muscle weakness examplesMuscle weakness examples

Abdominal ObliqueRotation of the torso

Gluteus mediusElevation of the pelvis

Latissimus dorsiElevation and anterior

rotation of the shoulder

PsoasLeg rotation and spine

deviates away from weakness


SternocleidomastoidHead rotation and slight

elevation

Teres MinorPalm facing posterior

Kinetic patterns -1; D-15n Observe the patient during motion

n Walkingn Rising from a sitting positionn Raising the armn Alterations from normal movement patterns indicates a muscle imbalance

n Weak musclen Opposing muscle shortening

Gait Inhibition (upper gait)n During the normal walking pattern, muscles are inhibited to allow normal

motion to occur.n After injury or when fatigue starts after strenuous activity, this normal inhibition

process may not occur properly. n This leads to continual contraction of the muscle that fails to inhibit. This can

easily be seen by a failure of motion of an arm, or a slight pulling of the head towards one side.


Symptoms-Gait Inhibitionn Poor mechanics when walking

n Decrease in normal extremity motionn Symptoms increase on walkingn Return of subluxation or fixation patterns after a short walk

Testing-Gait Inhibitionn The individual muscles must first be tested to see if they function normally. n The patient is then instructed to stand in a gait position, opposite arm and leg

forward with the weight on the forward leg. n In this position, the muscles that are the antagonists, in a gait position, of the

ones being contracted should test weak.

Inhibited (weak) Muscles-Gait Inhibition

Forward Arm Forward Legn Sternocleidomastoidn Latissimusn Posterior Deltoidn Tricepsn Psoasn Rectus Femorisn Tibialis Anterior

n Upper Trapeziusn Anterior Deltoidn Pectoralisn Bicepsn Gluteus Maximusn Piriformisn Hamstringsn Gastrocnemius

Gait related muscles to the forward legn Same side upper trapezius - opposite sternocleidomastoidn Same side pectorals bicepsn Same side gluteus maximus hamstringsn Opposite latissimus - triceps


Treatment-Gait Inhibitionn Therapy localization for dysfunctional muscles

n Structural (dural attachments)n Chemicaln Emotional

Gait Inhibition (Piriformis Gait Inhibition) -3; SP-29n As part of the gait inhibition pattern when walking, the piriformis is inhibited.

This is in addition to the inhibition that occurs in the PLUS technique when the lumbar spine is flexed 30 degrees or extended 20 degrees.

What is Piriformis Gait Inhibition?n Goodheart noted that while he was trying to do the PLUS testing. He would

sometimes obtain aberrant findings. These occurred when the patients would move their arms. Further testing showed that the piriformis and the iliacus will be inhibited in a gait position. This will occur when the opposite arm and leg are brought forward into flexion. This pattern occurs on both sides because it is a part of normal walking.

Test- Piriformis Gait Inhibitionn Test the piriformis and the iliacus in a neutral weight

bearing position.n On the side of the forward leg, bring the arm/shoulder

posterior and the opposite arm/shoulder forward. This simulates the gait position in walking. Retest the strength of the piriformis and iliacus. They should now both be weak.

Correction- Piriformis Gait Inhibitionn When the muscles fail to inhibit, there will be a hidden sacral, iliac or fifth

lumbar fixation complexn Correct the structural problemn Retest for proper piriformis inhibition


Dural Tension-3; SP-17Normal Gait-Dural Tensionn Contralateral motions of the arms and legsn The length of the stride should be evenn The opposing shoulder should rotate to the pelvisn The head rotates so that it stays centered

Byproducts of normal/abnormal gaitNormal Gait Abnormal Gait

n Reduces and corrects spinal fixations

n Causes proper facilitation and inhibition of muscles

n Aids in neuromuscular coordination

n Pain or ache on motionn Causes improper facilitation and inhibition

of musclesn Breakdown in neuromuscular

coordinationn Increases dural tension = pain

Symptoms-Dural Tensionn Pain or ache increases on walkingn Patient reports that they do not sit, stand or walk for any length of timen Feel better in the morning - get worse as day progressesn Scoliosisn Walk with a longer step on one side

Test-Dural Tensionn Measure internal thigh rotationn Increased with weak psoasn Decreased with hypertonic psoas

Correction Dural TensionFix what you find to satisfy the Triad of Health:Structural:

n The dura mater attaches superiorly to the foramen magnum, C2, C3, and inferiorly to S2, filum terminale and the coccyx.

Biochemical:n Allergic reactionsn Toxicity


Emotional:n ENVsn Mental Recalln Emotional Techniques

Intrinsic Spinal Muscles -3; SP-22 Muscle Involvementn There is a reflex muscle activity in the intrinsic muscles in the area of lesion

that occurs when force is applied to move the vertebran Denslow and Clough

n This does not occur in areas of not in lesion

Intrinsic MusclesRotatory brevis

Rotatory longus

Challenge -2; BP 2-Dn Find a strong indicator muscle n Press the vertebra with 2 - 4 pounds of force in all of

the vectors of possible subluxation n After eachchallenge test for weakening of the strong indicatorn Test right - left- inferior - superior - rotation and anterior - posteriorn Choose one positive challenge and find a phase of respiration that negates

the challenge

Rebound Phenomenon-Challengen Due to the fact the muscles react when the vertebra is pressed, as

found by Denslow, the contraction of the muscles further pull the vertebra into lesion causing the weakening effect that will last for 5 - 60 seconds.


Weak related muscle-Challengen If you choose to use a muscle that is weak due to the subluxation, use a

constant challenge. n Press and hold the vertebra into a direction and test for strengthening of the

musclen Extremity challenge-challenge/hold joint into direction of correction and test

for strengthening of the muscle

Correction-Challengen Manipulate the vertebra in direction(s) found on the phase of respiration that

negated the challengen Recurrent subluxations may require treatment to the intrinsic muscles

Anterior (Inferior) Thoracic -3; SP-21n Cervical spine kyphosis. n Flattened thoracic spine with protruding scapula. Pottingers Saucer of the

mid-scapular region.n Chest pain, neck symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms with sensitivity to

pressure of the spinous processes of the anterior vertebrae.

Muscle Involvement- Anterior (Inferior) Thoracicn Levator costorum longus

n Arises from the transverse process n Inserts into the costal angle of the second rib

below.

n Levator costalis brevisn Arises from the transverse process n Inserts into the costal angle of the rib below.

Therapy Localization- Anterior (Inferior) Thoracicn TL may be used to find the involved vertebran An alternative method is to traction the skin in a posterior direction

over the suspected vertebra and test a strong muscle for weakening


Challenge- Anterior (Inferior) Thoracicn Hold suspected vertebra into lesion (anterior) and test for weakening of a

strong musclen Adjust the anteriority in the usual fashion.

Respiratory Adjustment -3; SP-3Bn A non-forceful mobilization of an osseous structuren Useful for times when high force technique is contra-indicated

n Osteoporosis

Lovett Reactor Vertebrae -2; BP-2HVertebral relationshipn DeJarnette first described the relationship between vertebraen The vertebrae rotate in opposing directions with T 4 - 5 being the axis when

you walkn A vertebra that subluxates will create a subluxation at the related vertebral

levelVertebral relationships- Lovett Reactor Vertebraen Atlas - L- 5n Axis - L- 4n C - 3 - L- 3n C - 4 - L- 2n C - 5 - L- 1n C - 6 - T- 12n C - 7 - T 11n T - 1 T 10n T 2 T 9n T 3 T 8n T 4 T 7n T 5 T - 6

n Sacrum Occiputn Sphenoid Coccyxn Ilium Temporal bone

Procedure- Lovett Reactor Vertebraen When a subluxation is found at one spinal level - always test for a related

subluxation at the Lovettrelated vertebran Originally this was called the half - wit brother


Muscle Spinal Levels -2; BP-2in T2-Subscapularisn T3-Deltiod, Serratus ant.n T4-Coracobrachialis, Popliteusn T5-Pec Major Clavicularn T6-Latissimus Dorsin T7-Mid Trapeziusn T8-Pec Major Sternaln T9-Sartorius, Gracilisn T10-Quadricepsn T11,12-Psoasn L1-Hamstringsn L2-Quadratus Lumborumn L3-Gluteus Maximusn L4-Tensor Fascia Latan L5-Piriformis, Adductors, Gluteus Medius

Origin - Insertion Technique -2; BP-2Cn The original technique that founded Applied Kinesiology by George Goodheart.n Micro-avulsion of the tendon at its junction with the periosteum will cause a

muscle to weaken

Treatment Origin - Insertionn Hard, heavy pressure is applied at the origin and/or insertion of the involved

weak muscle for 30-60 seconds. The muscle should then test strong if a micro-avulsion existed.

n A raw veal bone preparation (phosphatase) is used as a supplement to the diet to aid in the healing.

Muscle Spindle Cells 2; BP-3n Located throughout the muscle, but are more concentrated in the center

portion/belly of the muscle. They are stimulated by stretch. Inform the brain on the degree of stretch that the muscle is under.


Treatment- Muscle Spindle Cellsn Pressure, applied as to stretch the muscle fibers, has the effect of increasing

the strength of a muscle.n Pressure, applied as to approximate together the fibers of the muscle in its

linear length, has the effect of relaxing or weakening the muscle.

Golgi Tendon Organ 2; BP-3n Tendons are supplied with stretch receptors. Tension distorts these receptors

stimulating them causing inhibition of the muscle.

Treatment-Golgi Tendon Organn Pressure applied against the tendon is a direction towards the belly of the

muscle, as if to lengthen the tendon, has the effect of strengthening or increasing the force of contraction of the muscle.

n Pressure applied against the tendon towards the origin or insertion causes weakening or inhibiting the function of the muscle.

Fascial Technique (Fascial Flush) -2;BP-5n Janet Travell trigger pointn The muscle and its fascial sheath function as a unitn If they fail to move together, the muscle will suddenly weaken for approximately

3 - 4 secondsn The muscle/fascial unit act like pumps for the organs

Trigger Points- Fascial Flushn small hypersensitive region from which impulses bombard the CNS and give

rise to referred pain -Travell and Simonsn Active and latent trigger points

n Active cause referred pain when stimulatedn Latent do not cause referred pain

Cause- Trigger Points- Fascial FlushnTraumanWeak synergist

Jump Sign- Trigger Points- Fascial Flushn Elongate the muscle in question and palpate across the muscle bandsn Named because when a positive area is palpated the patient will jump


Tissues- Trigger Points- Fascial Flushn Usually in musclesn Can be found in fascia, ligaments and tendons

Testing-Fascial Techniquen Test and correct so muscle is strongn Stretch the muscle to its normal limit of motion.

n Weight bearing muscle, this is done slowly. n Non-weight bearing muscles are tested by stretching the fibers quickly.

n After stretching, the muscle is quickly retested for weakening. If found weak, involvement of the fascia is diagnosed.

Treatment-Fascial Techniquen Utilizing a hard heavy pressure, iron out the fascia using pressure in the line

of the underlying muscle fibers. n Or do the spray and stretch technique

n Stretch the muscle and apply a vapo-coolant spray along the muscle fibers for 10 seconds

n Follow by warming the muscle

Nutrition-Fascial Techniquen If trigger point returns test weakness against Vitamin B12

Strain Counterstrain -2BP-5n Lawrence Jones, D. O. developed this technique.n He felt it corrected abnormal neuromuscular reflexes that occurred due to

overstretching of muscles, tendons or fascia.n Discovered when attempting to find a comfortable position to sleep for a patient

with chronic pain.

Modification by Goodheart- Strain Counterstrainn Goodheart found that an intact muscle with a trigger point would weaken after

maximal contraction of the muscle if the strain counterstrain procedure was indicated.


Testing-Strain Counterstrainn Trigger point tenderness is located by palpation.n Fully contract the muscle for 3 seconds by having the patient approximate the

origin and the insertion as far as possible, and retest the muscle for weakening.

n Weakness found after this procedure indicates a need for the strain - counterstrain technique.

Treatment-Strain Counterstrainn While palpating the trigger point, position the body part to achieve the greatest

reduction in tenderness. n As a general rule, if the trigger point is on the front of the body, the body part

will be placed into flexion. If the trigger point is on the posterior aspect of the body, extension will be employed. The farther from the midline that the trigger point is, the more rotation that will need to be used.

n Using Jones procedure, this position is held for up to 180 seconds for alleviation of the trigger point pain.

n Applied Kinesiology treatment:o Hold the trigger point on front of the body in flexion with the breath

held in. Trigger point on posterior aspect of body with breath held out.o Have patient hold breath as long as they can. (Should be about 40

seconds.)o When patient cant hold breath any longer, slowly and passively

return the muscle to its original position.o Treat neck extensors at anterior muscles (breath held in).o Goodheart suggests that while the position is being held, a stretching

of the spindle cells in the belly of the muscles be done. This will decrease the length of time that the position must be held.

Nutrition-Strain Counterstrainn If trigger point returns, evaluate for the need of folic acid or a glycine

supplement.


Triad of a muscle shearing injury


Weak Muscle

Strain Counter- Strain

FascialFlush

WeakMuscle

History of Trauman Joint alignmentn Muscle function

n O & I, Spindle cell, GTOn Fascial Flushn Strain Counterstrain

n Ligaments

No history of Trauman Muscles are related to meridians,

organs, glands and body functions.n 5 Factors of AK

n Nerve Functionn Neurolymphatic reflexn Neurovascular reflexn Cerebrospinal fluidn Acupuncture Meridian

Connector

AK Nutritional/Substance Testing/Lingual-Nasal -2; BP-30 / 1; D-20

Oral Nutritional testingn Tasting a nutritional supplement means that the central nervous system is

aware of it.n We are all biochemical individuals. We can spend time guessing what a patient

needs and what the problem is, or we can use oral nutritional testing to know what the body needs.

n The correct nutrient tasted in the mouth will strengthen a associated weak muscle and improve a Chapman reflex.

n With this tool we are able to use our nutritional treatment with pin point accuracy instead of using a shot gun approach.

n The patient will also see the response.n If the Patient is on Herbs or Pharmaceutical/recreational drugs use RNA n If you suspect the patient has Dural Torque, have Pt taste supplement on all

four quadrants of the tongue.

Synthetic vs Whole Food Vitaminsn Synthetic vitamins are not the same as whole food supplements. n A whole food supplement has many different co-factors in it. These co-factors

help the body to utilize the vitamins in the food.n There are also parts to natural vitamins that science has not even discovered

yet.



Vitamin E Complex

Ascorbic acidChromatogram

Natural Vitamin CChromatogram

Vitamin C- Natural Nutrition Theory

Ascorbic acid is just the protective envelope around the vitamin C complex. Inside are all of the factors that make up the vitamin C complex.

Organic Vs. Conventional foods- Natural Theoryn Organic food is far superior to

conventional foods. Depletion and demineralization of top soil reduces the quality of our foods. Pesticides, fungicides, chemicalization, over-processing, enriching, preserving, and contamination of water through fluoridation also reduce food quality.

Variations in Mineral Content in Vegetables

n Firman E. Baer, Rutgers University: The amount of iron in organic

spinach and tomatoes compared to conventional spinach and tomatoes were as follows:

Commercial spinach had 3% as much iron as organic. Commercial tomatoes had only .0005% iron compared to organic.

Recommended Readingn Compiled Notes on Clinical Nutritional Products

by Walter H. Schmitt, Jr., D.C.919-419-9099www.theuplink.com


0

13

25

38

50

Calcium Iron Sodium Copper

Tomatoes

0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

Calcium Iron Copper Sodium

Spinach

Organic Commercial

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Adrenal Gland Function-12; V-14 / D-22n Neuroendocrine Transducers

n Back-up system for the body

n Stress Glands

Functional Hypoadrenia- Adrenal Gland Functionn Most doctors do not consider that there is adrenal gland hypofunction until

Addisons disease is present.n Functional hypoadrenia usually occurs from prolonged stress. Stress can be

physical, chemical, thermal and emotional.

Triad of chronic stress- Adrenal Gland Functionn Hans Seyles research led him to discover the triad of stress. 1. Adrenal cortex enlargement 2. Atrophy of lymphatic structures 3. Stomach and duodenal ulcers

Recommended Reading-Adrenal Gland Function

The Stress Of Lifeby Hans SelyeMcGraw-Hill Trade; 2nd edition (March 1, 1978)ISBN: 0070562121

5 Adrenal Gland related muscles1. Sartorial 2.Gracilis 3.Soleus 4.Gastrocnemius 5.Posterior Tibialis


Sartorius -8; M-33

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine. It may also be attached to the inguinal ligament. Insertion: To the medial surface of the body of the tibia anterior to the insertion of the gracilis and the semitendinosus. It may also be attached to the tendon of the patella. Nerve supply: L2, 3, Femoral Nerve.Action: During the swing phase of gait it contributes to hip flexion; Aids in knee flexion; Aids the prime movers of thigh abduction, flexion and lateral rotation.Indications: Chronic pelvic imbalance; Knee instability; Medial knee pain; Post.rotation of iliac crest; Tenderness over the lower one third of the muscle; Lack of medial knee support while flexing the knee; Standing, the subject may have a genu valgus (knock-knee) state.



Adrenal Medulla

Body part position: Leg in the Fabere-Patrick test position.Stabilization: By the patient using their hands to stabilize themselves on the tableVector of Force: The hand on the lateral thigh applies pressure to extend, adduct and medially rotate the thigh. At the same time with equal pressure, the lower leg contact attempts to extend the knee. Nutrition: Adrenal extracts (Medulla), Tyrosine and the cofactors needed to convert tyrosine like B - 6, B - 12 and folic acid.


Gracilis -8; M-12

Origin: Arises from the lower rim of the pubis at the junction of the pubis and the inferior pubic ramus. Insertion: Into the medial surface of the tibial body distal to the tibial condyle. It joins the tendons of the sartorius and the semitendinosus. Nerve supply: L2, 3, Anterior division of the obturator nerve.Action: Functions in adduction of the thighAssist in thigh flexion; Assists in knee flexion if the knee is extended; Assists in medial rotation of the tibia when the knee is flexed.Indications: Chronic pelvic imbalance; Knee instability; Medial knee pain; Post.rotation of iliac crest; Tenderness over the lower one third of the muscle; Lack of medial knee support while flexing the knee; Standing, the subject may have a genu valgus (knock-knee) state.



Adrenal Cortex

Body part position: Supine, testing leg is internally rotated 45 degrees. Stabilization: Hold contra lateral leg in position just superior to the ankle.Vector of Force: Abduct testing leg away from stabilization leg in the coronal plane. Nutrition: Adrenal extracts (Cortex), Niacin and the other cofactors needed for the cholesterol based hormones to be produced; these include pantothenic acid, folic acid, zinc, vitamins C and E.


Adrenal Gland FunctionFunctions of the adrenal glands (Cortex):

nGlucocorticoids Anti-inflammatory Increase fat burning Spares glucose Promotes protein use

nMineral-corticoids Pro-inflammatory Regulate electrolytes and water Regulate blood pressure

nSex hormones Regulates hormonal function

Functions of the adrenal glands (Medulla): n Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Improves blood flow to musclesPromotes fat and sugar burningSympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system control

Adrenal Gland FunctionCommon symptoms of adrenal exhaustion are:n low energyn dizziness upon standingn eyes sensitive to sunlightn asthma and allergiesn musculoskeletal problemsn stress related syndromesn blood sugar stressn Insomnian diminished sexual driven seasonal affective disordern digestive disturbancesn heart and thyroid problems


Salivary Testing- Adrenal Gland Function Adrenal Stress Index Test Diagnos-Techs, Inc.

6620 South 192nd Place, Building JKent, WA 98032

Toll-free phone number:(800) 878-3787Fax number: 425-251-0637www.diagnostechs.com

[email protected]

Oral pH testing- Adrenal Gland Functionn The normal pH for an adult should be 7.4. n This is an indication for autonomic nervous system balance, aerobic

and anaerobic cellular respiration and sugar metabolism.


Alarm

Reaction

Exhaustion

http://www.diagnostechs.comhttp://www.diagnostechs.commailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous Systemn Acidic pH 7.4 n Rest and digestn Low heart raten Burns fatty acidsn Fats 9kcal/gmn Endurancen Low intensityn Normal immune functionn Mitochondria in muscle cells

Adrenal physiology and cofactorsAdrenal Gland Function-Cortex


Adrenal Gland Function-Medulla

n Adrenal glands have the highest content of Vitamin C per gram in the body.

Adrenal Gland Functionn Cholinergic support (parasympathetic)n Brake pedal for the nervous system.


Adrenal Gland Functionn Adrenergic support (sympathetic), gas pedal for the nervous system.

n Alpha adrenergic-Inositol (Contraindicated if hair in EAM)n Beta adrenergic-Adrenal, desiccated (Contraindicated in hypertension)

General adrenal gland support Adrenal Glandular Niacin Vitamin A, C, E Choline Zinc

Must reduce adrenal stressn Correct structural imbalancesn Remove unnecessary emotional stressn Eating right-improve sugar handling

Eating right- Adrenal Gland Functionn 3/4 of all health problems are from poor diet.n Americans consume over 150 lbs of refined sugar a year, 33% of world

consumption. n To fix the adrenals we have to fix the blood sugar metabolism. n Most of our foods are devoid of many natural vitamins and minerals.n Most people have allergies/sensitivities/intolerances to

n WHEATn MILK products (butter is OK)n SOYn CORN (50%)

Food allergy/sensitivity testingn Wheat Pec Major Sternaln Dairy Psoasn Soy Gluteus Medius (any endocrine muscle)n Corn Supraspinatusn Water - Psoas


n Our foods contain rancid oils, preservatives, food colorings, and much more...

n We are not eating the way our bodies are designed to.

We are Omnivores-Eating Rightn Incisors- The eight front teeth, four on top four on

bottom, used for cutting and biting. n Cuspids- The four teeth located on either side of the

incisors (two on top two on bottom), they are shaped for tearing food.

n Bicuspids- The eight teeth located behind the cuspids, four on top four on bottom, shaped for crushing food

n Molars- The eight double rooted teeth , bumpy for chewing and grinding.

Vitamin B12-Eating Rightn Humans need vitamin B12 derived from animal protein.n B12 is not found in active form for humans from plants. Human B12 that is

synthesized in the colon is not biologically available to us.n B12 deficiency can be measured in 1 week through problems in DNA synthesis

in a Transcobalamin II (TCII)-carried B12 test.n Synthetic B12 can run the body out or minerals and cofactors that are needed,

it is not a whole food complex.

Vitamin A Eating Rightn Humans need vitamin A derived from animal protein.n Vitamin A is not found in plant foods.n Humans have a limited ability to absorb beta-carotene.

For more information seewww.WestonAPrice.org www.EatingRightDiet.com

Eating Right is not only for adrenal health. But we must remove the stresses of a bad diet for adrenal recovery.


http://www.westonaprice.orghttp://www.westonaprice.org

Eating Right Dietn Eat dense (animal) protein 3x/day

n Eggsn Beefn Lambn Porkn Chickenn Turkeyn Fishn Duck

(Cook your meats, egg yolk is best runny.)

n Have all of the FRESH vegetables you want.n Stay away from potatoes and legumes.

n Have all of the FRESH fruit you want.n Dont juice your fruit or dry your fruit. Eat the whole fresh natural fruit.n Dont mix fruit with proteins or vegetables. Eat it between your meals.n Adrenal Stress Pt may need to reduce fruit for 3 months

n Snack every 2 hours to keep the blood sugar from dropping.n Drink 1 liter of distilled or very good filtered water per 50 lbs of body weight per

day.n Dont drink fluoridated/tap water.n Dont drink reverse osmosis water.n Bottled water is not a highly regulated industry.n Good Quality sparkling mineral water is good.n Distilled is the best bet.

n Dont eatn Pies/cakes/cookies/cupcakesn Ice cream/candyn Soda/popn Bread/pastan Ricen Potatoesn Alcohol (twice a week, 1 day break in between is ok. Good quality.)n Artificial/natural sweeteners (honey, small amounts ok)


Intestinal lining /ileocecal valve health- Eating rightDont eat

n Popcornn Nuts/seedsn Whole grainsn Spicy foodsn Alcoholn Chocolate/cocoa/cacaon Caffeine (1 or 2 cups in morning ok)

Recommended Reading-Endocrine System

Common Glandular Dysfunctions in the General Practiceby Walter H. Schmitt, Jr., D.C.919-419-9099www.theuplink.com

Recommended Reading-Endocrine system and lifestyle

Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar, and Survivalby T. S. Wiley, Bent FormbyPocket Books; (March 2001) ISBN: 0671038680


http://www.theuplink.comhttp://www.theuplink.commailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

Gluteus Maximus -8; M-10

Origin: Posterior ilium, Posterior iliac crest, Posterolateral surface of the sacrum, Lateral margin of the coccyx, Sacrotuberous ligament, Fascia of the gluteus medius.Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, Iliotibial band of the tensor fascia lata.Nerve supply: L - 5 S - 1 & 2, Inferior gluteal nerve.Action: Extends and laterally rotates the thigh, the upper fibers of the muscle aid in abduction of the thigh, functions during walking only with long strides as in running or in jumping, functions along with the hamstring to decelerate the leg when using a long stride, aids in stabilization of the knee after heel strike.Indications: Visible atrophy of the muscle, difficulty in arising from sitting without pushing off the legs with the hands, anterior and external rotation of the innominate with an apparent high hip, lateral knee instability on weight bearing.Sacrum and/or coccyx rotate medial - dorso-caudally. hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine with scoliosis towards the side of weakness.

Neurolymphatic Reflex














Reproductive

Body part position: The subject is prone with the knee flexed at least 90 degrees. The femur is then extended with the pelvis flat on the table.Stabilization: Pressure is either applied over the pelvis to prevent rolling or is used to prevent extension of the knee which would allow recruitment of the hamstrings.Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the leg in an anterior and slightly inferior direction. Nutrition: Gonadal extracts, Niacin and the other cofactors needed for the cholesterol based sex hormones to be produced, these include Vitamins A, C, E and zinc.

Reproductive


Reproductive


Reproductive



Gluteus Medius -8; M-11

Origin: Arises from the external surface of the ilium from the anterior 3/4 of the iliac crest.Insertion: Into the lateral surface of the greater tuberosity of the femur.Nerve supply: L 4 - 5 & S 1, Superior gluteal nerve.Action: This is the primary abductor of the femur. It stabilizes the pelvis on the femur as the weight is being transferred over the foot at mid stance; assists in medial rotation of

the thigh. Indications: High hip standing; Rotation of the pelvis; Excessive pelvic rotation during walking.



ReproductiveBody part position: The subject is side lying with the lower leg flexed and the knee bent at 90 degrees for stability. The extended leg is abducted fully. The leg is kept in line with the pelvis. Stabilization: Pressure is applied over the iliac crest to stabilize and prevent any rotation of the pelvis.Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the leg at a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the leg as it is abducted. Nutrition: Gonadal extracts, Niacin and the other cofactors needed for the cholesterol based sex hormones to be produced; these include Vitamins A, C, E and zinc.









Hamstrings -8; M-13

Origins:Semitendinosus: To the ischial tuberosity.Semimembranosus: Superior lateral surface ischial tuberosity.Biceps femoris: Long head to the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament. Short head to the linea aspera, the lateral supracondyle of the femur and the lateral intermuscular septum.Insertion: Semitendinosus: Into the medial surface of the tibia. Semimembranosus: Into the tibial medial condyle.Biceps femoris: Into the lateral head of the fibula and the lateral aspect of the tibia.Nerve supply: L4, 5 & S1, Superior gluteal nerve.Action: They flex the knee and extend the thigh on the pelvis; Assist in maintaining erect posture while walking, and aid in the deceleration of the leg at the end of the swing phase of gait; Medial, lateral rotation of thigh.Indications: Genu valgus or varus stance, anterior rotation of the innominate, high pelvis on side of weakness.



Hamstrings -8; M-13




Hamstrings -8; M-13




Hamstrings -8; M-13




Hamstrings -8; M-13




Large Intestine (rectum)

Body part position: The knee is flexed at 80 degrees. Isolate the medial and lateral heads by rotating the femur 30 degrees medial for the lateral section or lateral for the medial group. Stabilization: Over the belly of the hamstrings.Vector of Force: Against the lower leg at a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the foot as the knee is flexed. Nutrition: Vitamin E








Quads -9; M-30

Origins:Lateralis: From the greater trochanter, the gluteal tuberosity and the lateral aspect of the upper 3/4 of the femur.Intermedius: From the anterior and lateral 2/3 of the proximal femur.Medialis: From the entire posteromedial femur and from the tendons of the adductor longus and magnus.Insertion: Into the upper border of the patella along with the other fibers of the rectus femoris. The tendon of the quadriceps then inserts into the tibial tubercle. Nerve supply: L2, 3, 4, Femoral nerve.Action: Jointly, the muscles create extension of the knee. The medial and lateral sections support the knee on the medial and lateral aspects.Indications: Chronic instability of the knee; Patella imbalances; Pain under the patella; Short stride; Tripping over objects on the ground; Abnormal position or motion of the patella in either the standing posture or during flexion and extension of the knee.



Quads -9; M-30




Quads -9; M-30




Small Intestine

Body part position: The knee flexed 70 degrees.Stabilization: The arm is placed behind the knee of the tested leg and the hand is placed over the opposite knee. Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the lower femur at a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the knee as the femur is flexed. Nutrition: Vitamins D, B, Calcium, Anti-inflammatory enzymes.

Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine



Rectus Femoris -8; M-30

Origin: There are two tendons for attachment at the pelvis. One attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the other attaches superior to the brim of the acetabulum.Insertion: Into the upper border of the patella along with the fibers of the vastus muscles. The tendon of the quadriceps then inserts into the tibial tubercle. Nerve supply: L2, 3, 4, Femoral nerve.Action: Aids in the anterior support of the pelvis; Initiates the forward motion of the femur in walking after toe off. The muscle is more active than other sections of the quadriceps in climbing stairs; Difficulty in arising from sitting or will walk with a short stride.Indications: Chronic instability of the pelvis; Chronic instability of the knee; Stride imbalances; Difficulty rising from sitting; Difficulty climbing stairs; Weakness may result in posterior rotation of the innominate and is evidenced by a low pelvis on the side of weakness.



Rectus Femoris -8; M-30

Origin: There are two tendons for attachment at the pelvis. One attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the other attaches superior to the brim of the acetabulum.Insertion: Into the upper border of the patella along with the fibers of the vastus muscles. The tendon of the quadriceps then inserts into the tibial tubercle. Nerve supply: L2, 3, 4, Femoral nerve.Action: Aids in the anterior support of the pelvis; Initiates the forward motion of the femur in walking after toe off. The muscle is more active than other sections of the quadriceps in climbing stairs; Difficulty in arising from sitting or will walk with a short stride.Indications: Chronic instability of the pelvis; Chronic instability of the knee; Stride imbalances; Difficulty rising from sitting; Difficulty climbing stairs; Weakness may result in posterior rotation of the innominate and is evidenced by a low pelvis on the side of weakness.



Small Intestine

Body part position: The knee is flexed at 95 degrees and the thigh is flexed to 90 degrees.Stabilization: Sitting, stabilize in the shoulder area. Supine, stabilization may not be needed. Vector of Force: Pressure is applied against the lower femur at a tangent to the arc created by the motion of the knee as the femur is flexed. Nutrition: Vitamins D, B, Calcium, Anti-inflammatory enzymes.

Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine


Small Intestine



Tensor Fascia Lata -8; M-41

Origin: From the anterior iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine.Insertion: Anteromedial fibers insert into the lateral patellar retinaculum and into the deep fascia of the leg superficial to the patella ligament; Posterior fibers attach through the iliotibial tract into the lateral tubercle of the tibia. Nerve supply: L4, 5 and S1, Branch of the Superior gluteal nerve.Action: Assists the prime movers of thigh flexion, abduction and medial rotation. The anterior fibers function in flexion and abduction and the posterior fibers in rotation; Posterior fibers also aid in locking the knee in extension.Indications: Chronic pelvic imbalances; Knee instability; Lateral knee pain; Trochanteric pain; Lack of lateral knee support while flexing the knee; Standing, the subject may have a genu varus (bow-legged) stance.



Tensor Fascia Lata -8; M-41

Origin: From the anterior iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine.Insertion: Anteromedial fibers insert into the lateral patellar retinaculum and into the deep fascia of the leg superficial to the patella ligament; Posterior fibers attach through the iliotibial tract into the lateral tubercle of the tibia. Nerve supply: L4, 5 and S1, Branch of the Superior gluteal nerve.Action: Assists the prime movers of thigh flexion, abduction and medial rotation. The anterior fibers function in flexion and abduction and the posterior fibers in rotation; Posterior fibers also aid in locking the knee in extension.Indications: Chronic pelvic imbalances; Knee instability; Lateral knee pain; Trochanteric pain; Lack of lateral knee support while flexing the knee; Standing, the subject may have a genu varus (bow-legged) stance.



Large Intestine

Body part position: The knee is extended and the femur is abducted 30 degrees, fully medially rotated and flexed 30 degrees.Stabilization: Hold the opposite leg. Vector of Force: Pressure is applied in the direction of the opposite foot (direction of thigh adduction and extension) Nutrition: Lactobacillus cultures, chlorophyll, bilateral weakness-iron deficiency.

Large Intestine


Large Intestine


Large Intestine


Large Intestine


Large Intestine


Large Intestine



Pectoralis Sternal -9; M-23

Origin: Arises from the lateral aspect of the sternum, cartilages of the second to the 7th ribs and by aponeurosis to the external abdominal oblique and the rectus abdominus muscle.Insertion: Into the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus along the lateral lip of the bicipital groove. Nerve supply: C 6 , 7 & 8 T1, lateral & medial pectoral nervesAction: Flexes the shoulder joint; Adducts the humerus across the chest so that the arm is brought towards the opposite anterior superior iliac spine; Assists in flexion of the humerus. Indications: Retraction of the scapula; The shoulder will appear to be posterior and slightly superior; Shoulder instability; Decreased shoulder range of motion; Chest pains centered around the clavicle; Localized pains along the sternal-rib attachments.























Liver

Body part position: The arm is flexed to 90 degrees with the elbow extended. The arm is internally rotated so that the palm is facing away from the body.Stabilization: The hand is placed over the opposite anterior superior iliac spine.Vector of Force: Pressure is directed laterally and slightly superiorly. If straight lateral is considered to be 90 degrees, the test angle would be at 130 degrees.Contact is made on the lower arm superior to the wrist. Nutrition: Classically, testing uses supplements containing liver extracts and vitamin A.

Liver


Liver



Rhomboid -9; M-31

Origin: Minor: Spinouses of C7 & T1 and the ligamentum nuchae.Major: Spinouses of T - 2 - T - 5.Insertion: Minor: Medial border at the root of the spine of the scapula.Major: Medial border from spine to the inferior angle.Nerve supply: C - 5, dorsal scapular nerve.Action: Draws and elevates the scapula towards the spine; Gives stability to the scapula and shoulder.Assists in adduction and extension of the arm by stabilizing the scapula in a retracted position; Prevents winging of the scapula when the arm is under load.Indications: Retraction of the scapula; The shoulder will appear to be posterior and slightly superior; Shoulder instability; Decreased shoulder range of motion; Chest pains centered around the clavicle.Localized pains along the sternal-rib attachments.



Rhomboid -9; M-31




Rhomboid -9; M-31




Rhomboid -9; M-31

Origin: Minor: Spinouses of C7 & T1 and the ligamentum nuchae.Major: Spinouses of T - 2 - T - 5.Insertion: Minor: Medial border at the root of the spine of the scapula.Major: Medial border from spine to the inferior angle.Nerve supply: C - 5, dorsal scapular nerve.Action: Draws and elevates the scapula towards the spine; Gives stability to the scapula and shoulder.Assists in adduction and extension of the arm by stabilizing the scapula in a retracted position; Prevents winging of the scapula when the arm is under load.Indications: Retraction of the scapula; The sh

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Applied Kinesiology Session 1 Notes