The Spine, Pelvis and Hip

Applied Kinesiology420:151

Agenda

Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the

spine, pelvic girdle and hip

Intro to the Spine

Functions of the spine Stability Mobility Support Protection

Spinal cord Shock

Intro to the Spine

Spine structure: 5 regions:

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx

7

12

5

5

4

Fused

Anteriorly convex Due to gravity

Anteriorly concave Birth

Exaggeration = kyphosis, Lateral deviation = scoliosis

Anteriorly convex Due to gravity

Exaggeration = lordosis

Anteriorly concave Birth

Figure 9.1

Cervicothoracic junction

Thoracolumbar junction

Lumbosacral junction

High mobility greatest potential for

injury

C1

L5

Progressive increase in

size

Structure Function

Intro to the Spine

Other facts: Vertebrae stabilized via

ligaments and muscles Intervertebral disks shock

Agenda

Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the

spine, pelvic girdle and hip

Articulations of the Spine Anterior portion Posterior portion

Vertebral bodies

Intervertebral disks

Processes

Figures 7.2, 7.3, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004

Anterior Articulations

Intervertebral joints vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks

Joint classification cartilagenous Joint structure:

No joint cavity, capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Intervertebral disks “squishing” = multiaxial ball and socket

Figure 7.5, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004

Circumduction?

Figure 7.6, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004

Posterior Articulations Facet joints (apophyseal joints)

Inferior and superior articular facets Joint classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial

joint (gliding) Joint structure:

Joint cavity, capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Two facet joints b/w each vertebrae except sacrum and coccyx

Small movement additive effect = Large

movement

Resultant movement orientation of facets

Orientation of facets different at each region

Cervical Spine

Facets: 45° Transverse Parallel Frontal

Spinous processes short Sagittal freedom

Atlanto-axial Most rotation

Thoracic Spine

Facets: 60° Transverse 20° Frontal

Movement similar to cervical

Limited by: Large spinous processes Costal attachments

Lumbar Spine Facets:

90° Transverse 45° Frontal

Enhanced F/E due to short spinous processes

Limited lateral and rotation

Facets between L5 and sacrum change to prevent slippage

Other Special Joints Antlanto-occipital joint

Joint classification: Diarthrodial condyloid (biaxial)

Joint function: Great F/E, little lateral and no rotation

Atlanto-axial joint Joint classification: Diarthrodial pivot

(uniaxial) Joint function: Rotation only

Putting it all Together

A little bit of movement at each vertebrae additive effect = a lot of mobility

True for both anterior and posterior articulations

Agenda

Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the

spine, pelvic girdle and hip

Pelvic Girdle Facts Functions of the pelvic girdle

Shock absorption Protection Muscle attachment Movement

Functionally dependent Connected anteriorly and posteriorly

The “keystone” Responds to hip/thigh movement

Pelvic Girdle Facts

Made up of three bones fused at puberty

Pelvic girdle can move in all three cardinal planes

Pelvic Girdle Articulations

Sacroiliac joints (SI) Posterior link

Pubic symphisis Anterior link

Pelvic Girdle Articulations: Sacroiliac Joints Classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial Joint structure: Strong ligaments

however some movement occurs Joint function:

Transmission of upper body load to hip Shock absorption

Male vs. female differences: Hormones C of G differences

Pelvic Girdle Articulations: Pubic Symphisis

Joint classification: Cartilagenous Joint structure: Fibrocartilage Joint function:

Very little movement (shock absorption)

Labor and delivery

Agenda

Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the

spine, pelvic girdle and hip

Hip Joint Facts

Stable joint Ligaments Muscles Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage)

Mobile joint Pelvic girdle

Hip Joint

Joint classification: Diarthrodial multiaxial ball and socket

Joint function: Highly moveable joint in all three cardinal planes.

Agenda

Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the

spine, pelvic girdle and hip

Combined Movements

No specific muscles for pelvic girdle movements

Pelvis is the keystone b/w trunk and thighs

Standing (thighs stable) vs supine/prone/hanging (trunk stable)

Standing When anterior pelvic tilt occurs:

Lumbar extension Hip flexion

When posterior pelvic tilt occurs: Lumbar flexion Hip extension

When lateral pelvic tilt occurs: Unilateral limb movement in frontal plane Lateral lumbar flexion

When transverse pelvic rotation occurs: Unilateral limb movement in sagittal plane Lumbar rotation

Standing on left leg with right hip flexed? Extended?

Supine/Prone/Hanging? Supine:

Flex both thighs (knees bent/straight)? Curl-up?

Prone: Extend both thighs?

Hanging: Flex both thighs? Extend both thighs?