Application for CRZ Clearance Submission of Environmental ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/26102019LP...Application for CRZ Clearance Submission of Environmental Impact

Application for CRZ Clearance Submission of Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Report

The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing Holding Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry

of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd, at Athipattu,

Puzhuthivakkam & Ennore of Ponneri Taluk, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu

PREPARED FOR

M/S KAMARAJAR PORT LIMITED

PREPARED BY

JUNE 2019

PROCEEDINGS

S.No Query Query Reply

1.

Planting should be done, with native

species, in consultation with the District

Forest Officer, Tiruvallur

Agree to comply.

2.

Top of the pile caps should be lower than

the lowest LTL (Low Tide Line) of the

water body

The Pile caps are going to be

constructed below the lowest

LTL (Low Tide Line) of the water

body. There won’t be any

disturbance to the water flow

direction.

3.

NoC from the Public Works Department

should be obtained before the

commencement of works in Coastal

Regulation Zone

No Objection Certificate (NOC)

from the Public Works

Department (PWD) is under

process and will be obtained

before the commencement of

works in CRZ area.

4.

The Project Proponent should remit half

a percentage on the Total Project Cost to

the Environment Management Agency of

Tamil Nadu (EMAT), towards carrying

out CER activities

Agreed upon.

5.

The Construction of bridges, culverts and

other activities should not affect the tidal

free flow of water

Agreed upon.

EIA REPORT

INDEX

The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing Holding Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd,

Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... i

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Preamble .......................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Project background .......................................................................................... 1

1.3 Existing Railway Track ................................................................................... 2

1.4 Need for the Project ......................................................................................... 2

1.5 Location of the Project .................................................................................... 2

1.6 Objective of the Study ..................................................................................... 4

1.7 Structure of the Report ................................................................................... 5

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 6

2.1 General ............................................................................................................ 6

2.2 Location of the Proposed Project .................................................................... 7

2.3 Section of Doubling Railway Line ............................................................. 12

2.4 Doubling Railway Line Construction Standards ..................................... 12

2.5 Survey Methodology .................................................................................. 14

2.6 Engineering Parameters ........................................................................... 15

2.6.1 Level ........................................................................................................ 15

2.6.2 Length ..................................................................................................... 15

2.6.3 Formation ............................................................................................... 15

2.6.4 Standard of track .................................................................................... 15

2.6.5 Bridges .................................................................................................... 15

2.6.6 Level Crossing ........................................................................................ 16

2.6.7 OHE ........................................................................................................ 16

2.7 Description of the Alignment .................................................................... 17


2.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 18

2.9 Project Cost ................................................................................................ 18

3. LEGAL POLICY AND FRAMEWORK .............................................................. 19

3.1 National Constitution of India ...................................................................... 19

3.2 Environmental Administration .................................................................... 22

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE ..................................................... 25

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 25

4.2 Scope of Baseline Study ................................................................................ 25

4.3 Micro Meteorological Data ............................................................................ 28

4.3.1 Climate ....................................................................................................... 28

4.3.2 Wind ............................................................................................................ 28

4.4 Seismicity ...................................................................................................... 29

4.5 Air Environment ........................................................................................... 30

4.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations ................................................................ 31

4.5.2 Parameters for Sampling ........................................................................... 32

4.5.3 Instruments Used For Sampling ............................................................... 32

4.5.4 Presentation of Data .................................................................................. 33

4.5.5 Observation ................................................................................................ 36

4.6 Noise Environment ....................................................................................... 36

4.6.1 Identification of Sampling Locations ......................................................... 37

4.6.2 Instrument used for Sampling ................................................................... 37

4.6.3 Method of Monitoring ................................................................................. 38

4.6.4 Results ........................................................................................................ 39

4.6.5 Observation ................................................................................................ 40

4.7 Water Environment ...................................................................................... 41


4.7.1 Sampling Locations .................................................................................... 41

4.8 Soil Environment .......................................................................................... 51

4.8.1 Soil analysis ................................................................................................ 51

4.9 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 55

4.10 Geomorphology and Soil Types ................................................................... 57

4.11 Ground Water Scenario .............................................................................. 58

4.12 Biological Environment ............................................................................... 61

4.12.1 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................................... 61

4.13 Socio-Economic Environment ..................................................................... 81

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................. 84

5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 84

5.2 Likely Potential Impacts ............................................................................... 84

5.3 Impacts Identified ......................................................................................... 85

5.4 Social Environment ....................................................................................... 94

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................... 95

6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 95

6.2 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................... 95

6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................ 105

7. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .................. 108

7.1 General ........................................................................................................ 108

7.2 Risk Management Plan ............................................................................... 108

7.3 Disaster Management Plan ........................................................................ 112

7.4 Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................... 115

8. PROJECT BENEFITS ...................................................................................... 116

9. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 117


10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ............................................................... 118

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 - Environmental setting of the Project .................................................... 8

Table 2.2 - Curve Details of the Doubling Railway Line ...................................... 13 Table 3.1-Statutes, Policies, Regulations and Responsible Agencies ................... 23 Table 4.1-Environmental Attributes ...................................................................... 25

Table 4.2-Frequency and Monitoring Methodology ............................................... 26

Table 4.3 - Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location .......................................... 31

Table 4.4 - Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ....................... 33

Table 4.5 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Result ............................................. 34

Table 4.6 - Noise Monitoring Locations ................................................................. 37

Table 4.7 - Ambient Noise Level ............................................................................ 40

Table 4.8 - Ambient Noise Quality Standards ....................................................... 40

Table 4.9 - Water Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................... 41

Table 4.10 - Results for Ground Water Analysis ................................................... 43

Table 4.11 – Results for Surface Water Analysis .................................................. 47

Table 4.12 - Soil Monitoring Locations .................................................................. 51

Table 4.13 - Results for Soil Analysis .................................................................... 53

Table 4.14 - Standard Soil Classifications ............................................................. 54

Table 4.15 - List of Flora in the Study Area .......................................................... 61

Table 4.16 - List of Fauna in the Study Area ........................................................ 61

Table 4.17 - Marine sediment results .................................................................... 64

Table 4.18 - Water sample Results ........................................................................ 67

Table 4.19 - Occurrence of Phytoplankton species along study area ................... 72

Table 4.20 - Abundance and group richness of Zooplankton ................................ 77

Table 4.21- Occurrence and Percentage Composition of Zooplankton Species .... 79

Table 4.22 - Administrative Division of District ................................................... 82

Table 4.23 - Habitation found within the Study Area ........................................... 82

Table 4.24 - Summary of Demographic Profile of Habitation within the Study Area ................................................................................................................................. 83


Table 5.1- Activity Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase ........... 86

Table 6.1- Environmental Management Plan ....................................................... 96Table 6.2 - Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................ 106Table 6.3 - EMP Cost ............................................................................................ 107 Table 7.1 - Activities during construction and operation along with ................. 108

Table 7.2 - Disaster Management Plan ............................................................... 113

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 - Location of Kamarajar Port & Tiruvallur District .............................. 3 Figure 2.1 - Satellite Imagery of the Project Site .................................................... 9Figure 2.2 - Project Layout ..................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.3 - Topo Map of the project site within 10km radius ............................. 11 Figure 4.1 - Windrose Diagram .............................................................................. 29Figure 4.2 - Earthquake Hazard map of India ...................................................... 30

Figure 4.3- GAHAP Data for .................................................................................. 30Figure 4.4 - Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...................................................... 32Figure 4.5 - Noise Monitoring Locations ............................................................... 38

Figure 4.6 - Water Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................. 42Figure 4.7 - Soil Monitoring Locations .................................................................. 52Figure 4.8 - Drainage Map for 10 Km radius ........................................................ 56

Figure 4.9 - Geomorphology Map are presented 10 Km radius ............................ 57Figure 4.10 - Hydrogeology Map ............................................................................ 59Figure 4.11 - Depth to water level (Pre Monsoon)................................................. 60

Figure 4.12 - Depth to water level (Post Monsoon) ............................................... 60Figure 4.13 - Marine Study Locations ................................................................... 63

The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing

Holding Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry of Container

Rail Terminal Yard of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd,

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE I SCZMA CLEARANCE LETTER 123

ANNEXURE II CRZ MAP 128

ANNEXURE III IWAI NOC 144

ANNEXURE IV DESIGN DETAILS 146

ANNEXURE V SITE PHOTOS 150

ANNEXURE VI APPROVAL LETTER FOR

DOUBLING THE RAILWAY LINE 153

ANNEXURE VII TEMPORARY ROADS DETAILS 155

ANNEXURE VIII SOIL TEST REPORT 159

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Kamarajar Port Ltd (KPL)

Kamarajar Port, located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of

Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in

India which is a public company. The port was declared as a major port under the

Indian Ports Act, 1908 in March 1999 and incorporated as Ennore Port Limited

under the Companies Act, 1956 in October 1999. The Kamarajar Port is the only

corporatized major port and is registered as a company. Today, the landlord port

is the dominant port model in larger and medium sized ports. The Kamarajar Port

Limited assigned the Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Limited for the

Construction of the doubling Railway line with the existing railway track to enable

the easy way transportation.

Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Ltd (IPRCL)

IPRCL is a first of its kind Joint Venture Company (JVC) between the Major

Ports under the Ministry of Shipping and RVNL with the objective to provide

efficient rail evacuation systems to Major Ports and for enhancing their capacity.

It plays a strategic role and position itself to act as mentor & coordinator for Major

Ports Railway systems and Act as consultant for bringing in best practices in areas

of IT, processes, systems and other areas related to evacuation of Cargo. IPRCL

Contribute to the role of a Think-tank to develop scalable, workable models in port

infrastructure for evacuation of cargo and infrastructure Projects.

Project Description

Section of Doubling Railway Line

The Kamarajar Port Doubling Railway Line site starts from 13°15’35.4” N,

80°18’32.0” E and ends at 13°15’52.4” N, 80°19’45.5” E. The Length of the Railway

line is 2.650 km. In general the terrain is plain. The proposed configuration of

railway line junction starts from the point of Bridge No.5 and ends at the port side.

Along this railway line 3 major bridges and 7 box culverts of 2 vents are proposed.

The signal building will be constructed in junction of Kattupalli road and Holding

Yard No 2 Road. Approximate height of embankment is 4 metre including

subgrade layers.


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Doubling Railway Line Construction Standards

The Railway line is proposed to have the following standard of construction in the proposed Rail connectivity to suit the Indian Railway Network in the vicinity. Gauge

The gauge adopted is 1676 mm Broad Gauge as the existing Railway network is of this gauge. Fixed Point and Track Clearance

The fixed point of this Engineering Survey has been considered at the SRJ of line No.1 over run line at SRJ No. 124B towards Container Terminal Yard with Clearance for 25KV AC traction.

Speed Potential The maximum speed proposed is 30 KMPH. Gradient The Proposed Doubling will take at Ch – 0.00 at SRJ No. 124B at level proposed

to have a gradient of 1 in 1700 (R) towards CTRY. Following gradients are proposed at respective Chainages. Engineering Parameters

The Engineering Parameters which are involved in the Railway Line are as follows Level All Levels taken for this survey is based on the Bench Mark of GTS.

Length The Track length of the proposed line is around 2.650 km. Formation

Formation is in bank and the side slopes are 2:1 and with the standard width of formations as per Railway Engineering Code by providing 6 meter track centre. Standard of track

Rail – 60kg T-12 rails Sleepers – 60kg PSC Mono Block Sleepers, having M+7 density of 1540 no’s. Project Cost

Cost of the project in CRZ Zone Rs .40 Crores.


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Environmental regulatory Framework

• The following are the key regulations in India applicable for various development projects.

• Constitutional Provisions

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

• The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (1994) and Amended Notification 2006

• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1986

• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended in 1987

• The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act1974 amended in 1988

• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

• The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013

• The Motor Vehicles Act 1988

S.N Activity

Clearance/NOC

Required Statutory Authority

Responsibility Status Implemen-

tation Supervision

Greater Chennai Corporation

1 Construction of Railway Line at Kosasthalaiyar

River NOC IWAI KPL & IPRCL

Permission Obtained

2 Construction of Railway Line in

CRZ Area CRZ

Department of

Environment KPL & IPRCL

Permission will be

obtained prior to execution

Contractor

1 Working of labour

Labour & Camps

Labour Welfare Board

Contractor IPRCL Permission

will be obtained prior to execution

Baseline Study

The baseline study of the existing environment of the project site was conducted and the study showed that the existing air quality is well within the standards


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prescribed by CPCB. There are no activities going around the project site and

therefore the noise level during night time is minimum well within the standards. The soil and water quality at the project site is typical of any coastal area.The key environmental impacts identified by the EIA are discussed briefly below.

The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the

proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.

Air Environment Observation PM10 – A maximum value of 74 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam (AAQ1). The next higher value of 71 µg/m3 was observed at

Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24 hours applicable limit for industrial/residential/rural areas is 100 µg/m3, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit.

PM2.5 – The maximum value of 41.1 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 39.8 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam (AAQ1). The 24 hours applicable limit is 60µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural

areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit. SO2 - The maximum value of 13.3 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 12.1 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam

(AAQ1). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit. NOx - The maximum value of 22.7 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The

next higher value of 21.6 µg/m3 was observed at Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24 hours applicable limit is 80 µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit.

O3 - The maximum value of 13.2 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 12.8 µg/m3 was observed at Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24


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hours applicable limit is 100 µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the

observed values are well within the prescribed limit. Noise Environment Observation

Day Time Noise Level Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 47.3 – 56.8 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 56.8 dB (A) at Project Site -

Puzhuthivakkam (N1) and a minimum of 47.3 dB (A) was observed at Kalanji (N4). The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit. Night Time Noise Levels

Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 41.3 – 47.5 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 47.5 dB (A) at Project Site -Puzhuthivakkam (N1) and a minimum of 41.3 dB (A) was observed at Kalanji (N4).The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit.

Socio Economic A sample survey has been conducted to collect qualitative information about socio– economic environment of the area. The implementation of Project will employ

(skilled and unskilled) local population within and in the surroundings of the project intervention. This ensures that they will economically benefit from the implementation of the project.

Biological Environment The major component of the project area is rich in floral and faunal diversity. These species observed are given in chapter 4 of EIA Report. As per baseline

studies, there were no endangered, threatened & protected and animal species were recorded in the study area. Environmental Impact Analysis and Management Plan

Mitigation Measures for Air Environment Provision is made available for water sprays when dusts are being generated. All materials stored or stockpiled on treatment plant site will be adequately covered,

and vehicles leaving the site should pass through wheel washes where practicable. Construction machineries and equipment should be transported using well


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maintained trucks. Descending the number of trips for vehicles reduces the

vehicular movement. Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment Avoiding construction during the night time, so the noise level is reduced to the

permissible limits. Considering the onsite noise levels, it is recommended to provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as ear muffs, etc. to the construction workers.

Mitigation Measures for Water Environment Adverse impacts on water quality will be minimized by ensuring that erosion control measures such as silt traps are put in place in all work areas near

watercourse crossings or drainage channels. The quality of all drainage channels and ditches will be monitored and corrective actions taken where turbidity is unacceptably and stockpiles will be controlled to prevent uncontrolled runoff/erosion.

Concrete and asphalt plants, equipment storage and maintenance areas will be located at a reasonable distance away from watercourses. Mitigation Measures for Biological Environment

The total number of trees that has to be cleared a long the alignment has been identified and in subsequent stages of environmental assessment, a roadside plant will be developed to compensate for the trees cut as per MoEF guidelines and

Concerned Forestry Department direction. There is no sensitive ecological area or significant natural habitat within the project road, so impacts to flora and fauna are not expected to be significant in this

area. Mitigation Measures for Land Environment Spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles shall be washed and collected

separately. Top soil shall be stored and used for filling low lying area within project site and other areas in consultation with the Engineer in charge. Strict protection of the boundaries of construction sites in order to prevent possible contamination

of "neighboring" areas, damage and compaction of topsoil. Waste should be


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collected and stored in a designated area and should be disposed so that to prevent

erosion. Soil contamination will be limited through the establishment of management procedures that prevent spillage. It is particularly important that equipment

storage/maintenance areas are redesigned and operated in accordance with environmental procedures, established in the Environment Management Plan. Similar procedures have been established for the development and operation of

concrete and asphalt plants. Mitigation Measures for Socio Economy Concerned owners of the utilities will be informed in advance to shift the utilities

in coordination with the project proponents before construction starts to avoid disruption of regional services.


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Environmental Management Plan

S.No

Potential Negative Impacts

Mitigation Measures Responsible Agencies

Monitoring Agencies

PRE-CONSTRUCTION

1 Assessment of Environmental

Parameters

Baseline parameters for Air, Water, Noise and Soil have been assessed prior to commencement of work. Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

2 Clearances

from various Department

IWAI, CRZ and labour license required during construction will be ensured and made available before start of work. During construction, the permits obtained by the contractor shall be periodically examined and validity be ensured. This includes the Consent for the Batching plants from where the contractor sources the concrete, Labour License, insurances etc.

Contractor IPRCL/ KPL

3 Utility Relocation

Common utilities to be affected such as: electric cables, pipelines, will be identified and will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts.


CONSTRUCTION

1

Planning of temporary

traffic arrangements

• Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide detailed information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be available, ideally well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly. Strategic placement of traffic police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of traffic.



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2

Transportation of building materials

• Now the trucks are being taken to site after forming temporary approach road from State highway road via Vegetarian 1st main road.

• Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions are covered.

• Trucks carrying sand are provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.

• Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment is avoided during loading and unloading.

• Sprinkling of water (for materials such as blue metal, sand and brick) before unloading to suppress dust generation.

• Adequate care taken to prevent spillage of earth or construction materials offsite and in haul routes. Any such spillage shall be removed immediately, and the area cleaned.


3

Nuisance to neighborhood community

• Materials are transported through the temporary approach road formed without disturbing the neighbourhood community. Supervisors at the site will guide the heavy vehicles carrying materials and machinery to the temporary access road and signage’s if required may be provided.

• Safety barricading is provided while construction of drains near the structures restricting entry to work place and signage’s will be placed. Work site lighting during night where ever required will be provided during implementation. Adequate slope gradient is maintained while strengthening the bund in working in the boundary of the site.

• Storage of materials is done only within the project area in earmarked areas, without disturbing the nearby community.

• Address any grievance of the community due to construction activities. Boards with details of the committee members and contact details have been provided near the project area.



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4

Operation of construction machinery

• All construction vehicles should comply with emission standards and be maintained properly Wind shields should be installed all along the site boundary to abate the dust carry-over to the neighboring areas.

• Use of Ready-mix Concrete wherever possible shall be explored. In the case of use of Concrete Mixer, Concrete Mixer should be mounted on shelter with top and sides closed. Sprinkling of water on metal & sand should be carried out before handling.


5 Chance finds

• Construction contractors to follow these measures in conducting any excavation work

• All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation.

• The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the instructions for dealing with the same.

• Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected;

• Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work .The Engineer will inform State Archaeological Department if a find is suspected, and seek direction from ASI prior to recommencing the work.


6 Construction of labour camps

• Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Contractor IPRCL/

KPL


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Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp).

• The location, layout and basic facility provision of each labour camp will be submitted to Engineer prior to their construction.

• The construction will commence only upon the written approval of the Engineer.

• The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner and as approved by the Engineer.

• All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. The sewage system for the camp must be planned. Adequate health care is to be provided for the work force. The layout of the construction camp and details of the facilities provided will be prepared and will be approved by the Engineer.

• Awareness about HIV/AIDS will be provided, grievance redressal mechanism for the camps, [only suggestion]

7 Safety Aspects

• Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent the accidents and from the machineries. All machines used will conform to the relevant Indian standards Code.

• Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting will be provided to avoid collapse of soil.

• Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc.

• Welder’s protective eye-shields will be provided to workers’ who are engaged in welding works.



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• Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation

• The contractor will supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, mask etc to workers and staffs.

• The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.62 as far as those are applicable to this contract.

• The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and adhered to.

• The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form.

8

Disposal of construction debris and excavated materials

• A suitable site identified for safe disposal, in low lying areas within the project area as approved by the Engineer in charge and to other low lying area in consultation with local body.

• Wastes arising from the construction of regulators shall be safely stored and dispose.


9 Barricading site

The activities would be restricted to project sites and right of way for alignment. Barricading with adequate marking, flags, reflectors etc. will be provided along the alignment for safety of restricted traffic movement and pedestrians.


10 Clearing of construction

• Contractor to prepare site restoration plans, the plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization.

Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL


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camps and restoration

• On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish cleared, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the contractor’s expenses, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer.

11 Pollution from

Fuel and Lubricants

• The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel / lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-fuelling sites will be located at least 500m from rivers and irrigation canal / ponds.

• All location and layout plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the Engineer.

• Contractor will ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and re-fuelling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground.

• Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed of in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines.

Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL

12 Pollution from Construction

Wastes

All waste arising from the project is to be disposed of in the manner in consultation with Engineer


13

Dust Pollution near

settlements

• All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to minimize generation of dust. Area under construction shall be covered & equipped will dust collector.

• Construction material will be covered or stored in such a manner so as to avoid being affected by wind direction.



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• Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day.

• Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage.

14

Vehicular noise pollution at residential/

sensitive receptors.

• Idling of temporary trucks or other equipment is not permitted during periods of loading / unloading or when they are not in active use. The practice must be ensured especially near residential /commercial/ sensitive areas.

• Stationary construction equipment will be kept at least 500m away from sensitive receptors.

• All possible and practical measures to control noise emissions during drilling shall be employed. The Contractor is ensuring adequate controls measures depending on site conditions.


15

Noise from vehicles, plants and equipment

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced.

• Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regularly monitored in order to keep the noise levels at the minimum.


16 Storage of

construction materials

Construction materials are being stored within the project area, without affecting the traffic and other common utilities.


17 Informatory

signs and Hoardings

The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/ safety signs hoardings written in English and local language, wherever required or as suggested by the Engineer


18 First Aid The contractor will arrange for: Contractor IPRCL/ KPL


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• A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone.

• Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital

19 Risk from Electrical

Equipment

The contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment and ensure that- • No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or

inconvenience to any person or the public • All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in

construction zones. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standard (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Engineer


20 Waste Disposal

• The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed of in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Engineer.

Unless otherwise arranged by local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of night soils (human excreta) suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Engineer will have to be provided by the contractor


21 Environmental Monitoring

The water, air, soil and noise quality will be monitored in pre-construction and Construction phase as detailed in Table 6.2. of Chapter 6. Contractor IPRCL/

KPL SAFETY IN SITES


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1 Temporary

flooding due to excavation

Excavation during the construction stage should be carried out with proper drainage arrangements to avoid the overflowing of existing drains. Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

2 Using of modern

machineries

Using of modern machineries such as JCBs, backhoes etc., will be used to minimize the construction period, it will reduce the construction period impacts to the nearby residents.


3 Dust pollution

near settlements

• All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to minimize generation of dust. Area under construction will be covered & equipped will dust collector.


• Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day

• Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage


4

Protection of residential sensitive receptors

• Noisy construction operations in residential and sensitive areas will be done only between 7.30 am and 6.00 pm

• Preventive maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles to meet emission standards and to keep them with low noise

• Provision of enclosing generators and concrete mixers at site. • Sound barriers in inhabited areas will be installed during the

construction phase. • Adequate barricading / other measures to protect dust pollution near

sensitive receptors like schools and hospital etc. to be ensured



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5 Safety

precaution for snake bites

• Wear appropriate over-the-ankle hiking boots, thick socks, and loose-fitting long pants.

• Not to provide hiding places to snakes in construction material storage places. Avoid to construction work in night time.

• Wear leather gloves during working in grass, weeds and heavy underbrush.

• If identify any snake in work place inform to Forest Department official.


Operation Phase

1 Stability test Stability test will be carried out of construction of bridge for once in every 6 month. Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

2 Marine and

Environmental Monitoring

Marine and Environmental monitoring will be conducted in project site Contractor IPRCL/

KPL


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. Thus an appropriate Disaster Management Plan (DMP) shall be prepared in consultation with the project

proponent, architect, service consultant and maintenance staff. Preventive Action Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a

failure. The project in-charge, responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency. The project in-charge should notify the officer for the following

information:

• Exit points for the public, • Safety areas • Nearest medical facilities. • Communication System • Emergency Action Committee • Emergency Preparedness Training

Environmental Impact Monitoring Program S.N

o Particulars Monitoring Frequency

Duration of Sampling

Important Monitoring Parameters

1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring a

Project site Once in a Month 24 hr continuously

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 ,NOx & CO

2 Ambient Noise Level a Near DG set Once in a Month 8 hr continuous

with 1 hr interval

Noise level in dB(A)

3 Ground/Drinking Water Quality Monitoring a Ground Water –

at project site Once in 3 Months Grab Sampling Parameters specified

under IS:10500, 1993 4 Marine Study a Marine water at

Kosasthalaiyar River

Once in 3 Months Grab Sampling Phytoplaton, Zooplaton Sediments

etc.,


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CONCLUSION

The Environment Impact Assessment of the proposed residential project will not have any major negative impact on the existing environment. The proposed project has positive impacts on the socio-economic environment of the study area. Residual

negative impacts are anticipated to be negligible, provided that the mitigative measures recommended are properly implemented and monitored. Effective implementation of Environmental management plan with an assistance of

Environmental Management Cell will enhance the environment of the surroundings.

CHAPTERS


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preamble Kamarajar Port Ltd (KPL)

Kamarajar Port, located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India

which is a public company. The port was declared as a major port under the Indian Ports Act, 1908 in March 1999 and incorporated as Ennore Port Limited under the Companies Act, 1956 in October 1999. The Kamarajar Port is the only corporatized

major port and is registered as a company. Today, the landlord port is the dominant port model in larger and medium sized ports. The Kamarajar Port Limited assigned the

Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Limited for the Construction of the doubling Railway

line with the existing railway track to enable the easy way transportation. Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Ltd (IPRCL)

IPRCL is a first of its kind Joint Venture Company (JVC) between the Major Ports under the Ministry of Shipping and RVNL with the objective to provide efficient rail evacuation systems to Major Ports and for enhancing their capacity. It

plays a strategic role and position itself to act as mentor & coordinator for Major Ports Railway systems and Act as consultant for bringing in best practices in areas of IT, processes, systems and other areas related to evacuation of Cargo. IPRCL

Contribute to the role of a Think-tank to develop scalable, workable models in port infrastructure for evacuation of cargo and infrastructure Projects. 1.2 Project background

Kamarajar Port was conceived as a Satellite port to Chennai Port to meet the growth of traffic and primarily to handle thermal coal to meet the requirements of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board in account of developments such as the plan of

Government of Tamil Nadu. The current proposal is providing a parallel line from holding yard No.1 to Container Terminal Yard inside the KPL with TNEB/NCTPS line. The facilities of proposed doubling is being planned only to augment the infrastructure to make an ease out movement of both inward and outward traffic

and to have a gainful utilization of existing proposed rail infrastructure at KPL.


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1.3 Existing Railway Track

Kamarajar port is located at latitude 13o15’5.90” North and longitude 80o19’36.59” East. It is developed close to the NCTPC. Buckingham Canal flows in the West, North side of the port area is being developed by TIDCO for an Export

processing zone, apart from various port connected industries. Presently Kamarajar port is connected by rail to the Attipattu and Attipattu

Pudhunagar station located in the Chennai-Gudur section of the southern railway.

The present rail lines that provide access to the Kamarajar port were constructed by TANGEDCO in the year 1988. One line of the connectivity takes off from the Attipattu rail way station from the main line proceeds east through the Attipattu

village. The two line merge at the apex point and run as a single line to the NCTPS plant siding. The Chettinad coal yard and Sical iron yard are also taking off from this line. 1.4 Need for the Project

Kamarajar Port is connected by rail to the Attipattu and Attipattu Pudhu Nagar stations located in Chennai – Gudur section of the Southern Railway. One line of the Connectivity takes off from Attipattu Pudhu Nagar Railway station and

turns east around Indian Oil LPG Bottling Plant. The other line takes off from Attipattu Railway station from the main line proceeds east through Attipattu Village. The two lines merge at the apex point and run as a single line to the NCTPS

Plant siding. The Chettinad Coal Yard and Sical Iron ore Yard are also taking off from this line. For expansion of KPL yard, a new rail alignment from Minjur Station has been proposed.

1.5 Location of the Project The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing Holding Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard

of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd, at Athipattu, Puzhuthivakkam and Ennore Village of Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. A typical Geographical Location of proposed project site is shown in Figure.1.1. The starting and ending point of (Latitude, Longitude)

are 13o15’35.4” N, 80o18’32.0” E and 13o15’52.4” N, 80o19’45.5” E.


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Figure 1.1 - Location of Kamarajar Port & Tiruvallur District


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1.6 Objective of the Study

This report is to be prepared based on proposed construction of railway track.

Accordingly the main aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to

ensure that the project proposals are environmentally sound and sustainable on a

long-term basis. The adverse effects of the proposal need to be identified in

advance and duly considered in preparation of project’s engineering designs.

As per CRZ notification 2011, above said project required CRZ Clearance, the

Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai has demarcated project

coordinates in approved CZMP as per 2011 Notification of MOEF&CC, and the

Proposed railway line is passed through CRZ area in the chainages starting and

ending point details is given below and CRZ map is enclosed in Annexure I.

S.N Chainage Starting Point (m)

Chainage Ending

Point(m)

Length in (m)

CRZ Zone Project Components

Permissibility as per CRZ

Notification 2011

1 0 664 664 Non CRZ Rail Road, Box Culvert- 5 No’s &

Major Bridge -1 No

-

2 664 1305 641 CRZ II Rail Road & Box Culvert- 2 No’s

Para 3 (iv) (a)

3 1305 1369 64 CRZ IB Rail road Para 8 I.CRZ-I (ii) (b)

4 1369 1468 99 CRZ IVB Major Bridge Para 3 (iv) (a)

5 1468 1744 276 CRZ IA Rail Road & Major Bridge

Para 8 I.CRZ-I (ii) (b)

6 1744 2048 304 CRZ II Rail Road & Signal Building

Para 3 (iv) (a) & Para 8 II.CRZ II (i)

7 2048 2077 29 CRZ IV B Major Bridge Para 3 (iv) (a)

8 2077 2110 33 CRZ II Rail Road & Major Bridge

Para 3 (iv) (a)

9 2110 2650 540 Non CRZ - -

Description Length In (M) Non CRZ Area 1204

CRZ Area 1446 Total Length of the Proposed Railway

Track 2650


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The scope of work for preparing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

is comprised of the following terms of references.

The baseline environmental information in the study area viz., climate,

physiographic features, drainage, geology, flora, fauna, ambient air, water and

noise and socio-economic conditions.

The monitoring network with regard to air, water and noise pollution

including the inputs in the areas of performance indicators and monitoring

mechanisms for environmental components during construction and operation

phase of the project.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) & its integration into

project cycle for mitigating and reducing Environmental Issues which may

arise during construction and operation phase viz., compensatory

afforestation, soil disposal, utility restoration, noise and vibration control,

campsite management and disaster management.

1.7 Structure of the Report

The generic structure of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is as

follows, the structure of the ESIA report is given below:

Executive Summary

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Chapter 2 – Project Description

Chapter 3 – Legal Policy and Frame Work

Chapter 4 – Baseline Environmental Profile

Chapter 5 – Environmental Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

Chapter 6– Environmental Management Plan

Chapter 7 – Risk Assessment and Disaster Management

Chapter 8 – Project Benefits

Chapter 9 – Recommendation &Conclusion

Chapter 10– Disclosure of Consultant


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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 General IPRCL is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) registered as a public limited

company under Ministry of shipping, Government of India would undertake

projects involving last mile connectivity to major ports, modernization of evacuation infrastructure in Ports, operate and manage internal Port Railway system and raise financial resources for funding port related rail/road connectivity

projects. Kamarajar Port, located on the Coromandel Coast about 24km north of

Chennai Port, Chennai, it is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India

which is a public company. The centre holds a stake of about 68 percent in the Kamarajar Port Limited and the remaining 32 percent is held by the Chennai Port Trust. The Kamarajar Port was declared as a major port under the Indian Ports Act, 1908 in March 1999 and incorporated as Ennore Port Limited under the

Companies Act, 1956 in October 1999 now officially renamed as Kamarajar Port Limited (KPL). Kamarajar Port was originally conceived as a Satellite port to Chennai port to relieve its congestion and to meet constant growth of Traffic.

Kamarajar Port was conceived primarily to handle thermal coal to meet the requirement of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) and was endowed with large chunks of land (about 2000 acres). The scope was expanded taking into account

subsequent developments such as the plan of Government of Tamil Nadu to set up an 1880 MW LNG power project in association with a private consortium, a large petrochemical park and a naphtha cracker plant.

Kamarajar Port deigned as a world-class port, with two breakwaters one in the north measuring 3080 m and the other in the south measuring 1070 m. It has the capacity to develop 20 berths for handling a variety of bulk, liquid, automobile

and container cargo. The port is an artificial port with features including all-weather, round-the-clock operations, a large back-up land, eco-friendly environment, state-of-the-art navigational facilities, well-organized logistics

systems and transport interface.


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The first phase of the port construction work included two berths for handling coal

vessels up to 65000/70000 DWT, dredging for the approach channel and harbour basin, onshore civil works, navigational aids, and two breakwaters. To meet the growing demand in the hinterland and trade, Kamarajar Port has

initiated action for developing the following terminals through BOT/Captive basis.

• Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminal of 5 MTPA on Captivebasis.

• Development of Container Terminal of 1.40 million TEU on DBFOT basis.

• Development of Multipurpose Cargo Terminal on DBFOT basis.

• Additional Coal Berth for TNEB of 9 MTPA on Captive basis.The Coal handling system capacity is 12 MTPA and this can be increased to

16 MTPA by installing additional un-loaders. Marine Liquid terminal to the

capacity of 3 MTPA, the Common User Coal Terminal to handle coal of 8 MTPA other than TNEB and Iron Ore Terminal to the capacity of 12 MTPA is developed under BOT basis. The General Cargo Berth to the capacity to handle 2 Lakhs Cars

and 0.5 MTPA. These terminals have already been were inaugurated and are operational except the iron ore terminal. 2.2 Location of the Proposed Project

The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing Holding Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd, at Athipattu, Puzhuthivakkam and

Ennore Village of Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. The port is developed close to the NCTPS where Buckingham Canal flows in the West, North side of the port area is developed by TIDCO for an Export processing Zone, apart from various

port connected industries. The Environmental setting of Project site is shown in Table 2.1.The location map of the project site is given in Figure 2.1.


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Table 2.1 - Environmental setting of the Project S.No Particulars Details

1 Site latitude From 13°15’35.4” N to 13°15’52.4” N

2 Site Longitude From 80°18’32.0” E to 80°19’45.5” E

3 Site Topography Flat terrain

4 Nearest Highway Kattur State Highway 107 – 4.97 km (NW) Ponneri – Thiruvottiyur State Highway 56 – 3.0 km (W)

5 Nearest railway station Athipattu Pudunagar station – 1.06 km (SW) Nandiambakkam station – 3.14 km (NW) Ennore Station – 4.92 km (S)

6 Nearest airport Chennai International Airport – 31.8 Km (SW)

7 Nearest town/city Nandiambakkam – 1.2 km (W)

Athipattu – 0.96 km (S) Minjur – 3.8 km (NW) Ennore – 4.34 km (SSE)

8 Archaeologically important places

Nil within 10 km radius

9 National park /Wild life sanctuaries

Nil within 10 km radius

10 Reservoir/Lake Ennore creek – 3.88 km (S)

11 Reserved/Protected forest

Nil within 10 Km radius

12 Seismicity Seismic zone III (Moderate) as per Indian Standard Seismic Zoning Map.

13 Defense installations Nil within 10 km radius

14 Nearest port Ennore Port – 0.8 km (E)


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Figure 2.1 - Satellite Imagery of the Project Site


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Figure 2.2 - Project Layout


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Figure 2.3 - Topo Map of the project site within 10km radius

Project Site


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2.3 Section of Doubling Railway Line The Kamarajar Port Doubling Railway Line site starts from 13°15’35.4” N,

80°18’32.0” E and ends at 13°15’52.4” N, 80°19’45.5” E. The Length of the Railway

line is 2.650 km. In general the terrain is plain. The proposed configuration of

railway line junction starts from the point of Bridge No.5 and ends at the port side.

Along this railway line 3 major bridge and 7 box culverts of 2 vents are proposed.

The signal building will be constructed in junction of Kattupalli road and Holding

Yard No 2 Road. Approximate height of embankment is 4 metre including

subgrade layers.

2.4 Doubling Railway Line Construction Standards

The Railway line is proposed to have the following standard of construction in the

proposed Rail connectivity to suit the Indian Railway Network in the vicinity.

2.4.1 Gauge

The gauge adopted is 1676 mm Broad Gauge as the existing Railway

network is of this gauge.

2.4.2 Fixed Point and Track Clearance

The fixed point of this Engineering Survey has been considered at the SRJ

of line No.1 over run line at SRJ No. 124B towards Container Terminal Yard with

Clearance for 25KV AC traction.

2.4.3 Speed Potential

The maximum speed proposed is 30 KMPH.

2.4.4 Gradient

The Proposed Doubling will take at Ch – 0.00 at SRJ No. 124B at level

proposed to have a gradient of 1 in 1700 (R) towards CTRY. Following gradients

are proposed at respective Chainages.

S.No Chainage Proposed Gradient

Rise/Fall towards ascending Chainage

1 0.00m to 731.27m 1 in 1700 Rise

2 731.27m to 954.30m 1 in 800 Fall

3 954.30m to 1080.53m 1 in 1500 Rise


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4 1080.53m to 1230.65m 1 in 300 Rise 5 1230.65m to 1380.51m 1 in 800 Rise 6 1380.51m to 1605.66m 1 in 500 Rise

7 1605.66m to 1780.54m 1 in 200 Fall

8 1780.54m to 2006.59m 1 in 1250 Rise 9 2006.59m to 2182.01m 1 in 250 Rise 10 2182.01m to 2650m 1 in 800 Rise

2.4.5 List of Curves The Curve details of the Railway line which are involved in the alignment are given

below. Table 2.2 - Curve Details of the Doubling Railway Line

Curve No.

Deflection Angle

(deg-min-sec)

Radius (m)

TP1 Chainag

e (m)

TP2 Chainage

(m)

Tangent Length

(m)

Curve Length

(m)

Direction of Curve

1 25-28-42 232.26 387.74 491.02 51.51 103.28 LHS

2 18-25-41 459.09 864.97 1012.63 74.50 147.66 RHS 3 22-11-43 393.54 830.74 983.19 77.23 152.45 RHS 4 3-35-50 886.68 1266.21 1321.88 27.86 55.67 LHS 5 29-48-30 503.79 1672.50 1934.60 134.14 262.10 RHS 6 42-46-50 565.71 2214.14 2636.54 221.69 422.40 LHS 7 37-22-58 638.88 2190.80 2607.64 216.23 416.84 LHS

2.4.6 Axial Load The Axial Load considered for the proposed doubling is Max 25 Tonne. 2.4.7 Permanent Way

60 Kg/52 Kg – T 12 quality rails on PSC sleeper with density of M+7 1540 per km has been proposed in the siding as well as in the loading yard area in compatibility with the railway standards.


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2.4.8 Points and Crossings

All points and crossings are 1 in 8.5 with curved switches have been proposed. PSC sleepers fan shaped layout will be provided at all the points and crossings. 2.4.9 Embankment

Formation top width of bank has been considered by keeping a minimum track centre of 6 meter from existing line. Embankments are proposed to be made of mechanically compacted earth with side slopes of 2:1 duly compacted as per Railway

specifications. 2.4.10 Cutting

The formation of cutting shall be considered (if required) as per existing

Railway Engineering code and the cutting shall have a total width of 7.85m excluding side drains and shall normally have 1:1 side slopes except in rock where the slopes of 0.5:1 (or) steeper shall be provided depending upon type and condition of rock. 2.4.11 Turfing

Turfing has been envisaged for side slopes of as required and stone pitching also proposed as existing in the running line. 2.4.12 Protection Works

Provision of pucca side drains have been proposed in the yard area as required. 2.5 Survey Methodology A Reconnaissance Survey of the area in and around of existing rail network to the

Container Yard was conducted to find out suitable techno economical alignment. After the reconnaissance survey by using a precise GPS instrument, in all five alternatives were proposed.

After studying in depth, the corridor chosen during Reconnaissance survey, Preliminary Engineering Survey has been carried out with Total Station instrument and plotted on AutoCAD to have latest feature of the area/terrain. After

exploring/analysis the techno-economical including having minimum disturbance to the public, out of 5 alternatives, an alternative No.1 is finalized/recommended for conducting further micro study including detailed field survey.


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finalized/recommended for conducting further micro study including detailed field

survey.

IPRCL approved that option 1 as best option and advised for a detailed field survey

of the alignment of option 1. During the detailed field survey a horizontal control

points were fixed along the chosen corridor and a close traverse was run with total

station and vertical control points was also fixed by using auto levels with respect

to existing Railway bench mark with respect to MSL.

2.6 Engineering Parameters

The Engineering Parameters which are involved in the Railway Line are as follows

2.6.1 Level

All Levels taken for this survey is based on the Bench Mark of GTS.

2.6.2 Length

The Track length of the proposed line is around 2.650 km.

2.6.3 Formation

Formation is in bank and the side slopes are 2:1 and with the standard width of

formations as per Railway Engineering Code by providing 6 meter track centre.

2.6.4 Standard of track

Rail – 60kg T-12 rails

Sleepers – 60kg PSC Mono Block Sleepers, having M+7 density of 1540 no’s.

2.6.5 Bridges

Sl.No Chainage Starting Point (m)

Chainage Ending

Point (m)

Bridge No Structure

Vent proposed (LxWxHt) in

m

CRZ Status

1 49.4 61.4 6 Box Culvert 12x1.2x1.5 Non- CRZ 2 110.2 122.2 6A Box Culvert 12x6x3 Non- CRZ 3 266 278 7 Major Bridge 12x12.5x5.53 Non- CRZ 4 499 511 8 Box Culvert 12x6x4 Non- CRZ 5 515 537 8A Box Culvert 12x6.5x4.1 Non- CRZ 6 540 552 9 Box Culvert 12x6.5x4 Non- CRZ 7 821.9 833.9 13 Box Culvert 12x1.5x2 CRZ II 8 1172.5 1184.5 14 Box Culvert 12x1.5x2 CRZ II 9 1369 1589 15 Major Bridge 220x12x4.5 CRZ IA &

IVB 10 2048 2088 16 Major Bridge 40x12x6 CRZ II &

IVB


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The existing Box Culvert Bridge No.6 at Ch.49.4m and PSC Slab Bridge at Ch.266m,

Br. No.7 with a span of 12m are proposed to be extended on right hand side of the existing track for accommodating the proposed doubling line. Bridge No.8, Bridge No.8A and Bridge No.9 are box culverts being used for accommodating Ash pipeline

from right side to left side of existing tracks crossing the entire width of existing main line and holding yard lines. The second line is proposed in such a way that the above mentioned 3 culverts need not be extended.

The existing bridge No.13 (skew) box culvert at Ch.821.9m is proposed to be extended on the right side of the existing track for accommodating the doubling line. The existing Box culvert skew Bridge No.14 at Ch.1172.5m need not be extended as the

proposed track is accommodated within the existing barrel length. The existing PSCU girder major bridge No.15 is located at Ch.1436.3m on existing southern connectivity line to KPL across Kosasthalaiyar River. It is proposed to construct an adjacent bridge with the same span of 11 no’s of 20m span at a spacing

of 12m from the existing bridge on the left hand side of the existing bridge. The existing Bridge No.16 located at Ch.2049.8m is combination of 2 spans of 12m as end spans and one span of 20m at center. It is proposed to construct an adjacent

bridge with the same span of 2 no’s of 12m on either side and span of 40m at center at a spacing of 6m from the existing bridge on the left hand side of the existing bridge. 2.6.6 Level Crossing

The existing unmanned level crossing at Ch.2024.00m is proposed to be converted as a manned level crossing with all signaling and telecommunication provisions. 2.6.7 OHE

As the existing track is electrified, OHE has been considered for the proposed track to have uniformity in operation.


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2.7 Description of the Alignment

The proposed doubling will take off from the existing over run line of Line No.1 at Ch.00m of holding yard No.1, and runs parallel up to Ch.731.27m near the EHT line and meets at the existing line of NCTPS Line. The existing NCTPS line from

Ch.731.27m takes a right hand curve and runs parallel as a new doubling and meets at Ch.954.30m as a cut and connection since the Bridge No.7 can’t be extended on right side due to existing multiple pipeline crossings of power plants and afterwards,

the existing line runs up to Ch.536.23m and moves further with a right hand curve as doubling and crosses a major bridge No.15 starting at Ch.1390.60m at a distance of 12m having end Ch.1635.14. Further the line moves with a right hand curve

parallel to the existing track up to Ch.2200m of Curve No.7. Further the alignment runs in curve and moves parallel at a distance of 6m and meets the existing CTRY line at Ch.2642m. The cut and connection at Ch.1000 and alignment runs on the existing track runs as

it is up to Ch.2200m. By providing the turnout of 1 in 8.5, the said line connected with CTRY line at Ch.2642.21m. To facilitate operational flexibility, cross-over has been provided from Ch.156.50m to Ch.228.78m on the existing Holding Yard No.1 and the

cross-over from Ch.283.07m to Ch.358.87m between the doubling and existing line and cross over No.3 between the existing and new line at Ch.387.74m to Ch.466.21m i.e. before the entry of holding yard No.2. At the CTRY end, the cross-over has been

provided from Ch. 1012.625m to Ch. 1141.02m, where the cross over length will be slightly higher as the inter distance between the tracks are about 12m. Both the ends of the track will be on a normal ground except at the level crossing portion, the track

should be protected with proper check rails and without any difficulty in operating the points/switches. Another cross over is provided between CTRY lines C1 & C2 having Ch.2545.62m to

Ch.2642.21m to have an operational flexibility between the line no’s 1,2,3,4 & 5,6,7,8. The existing track between Ch.2200m to Ch.2600m shall be dismantled. The cut and connection proposed between Ch.283m to Ch.358.88m is only to avoid construction of


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new bridge at Ch.340.23m, where the pipelines are crossing and thus practically not

possible to construct any type of bridges at this location. 2.8 Conclusion The Proposed Construction of Doubling of Railway Line between Existing Holding

Yard No.1 at Ch.00m (Near Bridge No.5) to Entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s Kamarajar Port Ltd, at Athipattu, Puzhuthivakkam and Ennore Village of Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. Hence the proposed alignment in these stretches be taken up under zone of CZMP 2011.

In view of the above clearance is requested for the following activities.

S.No Description Length in M 1 CRZ IA 276 2 CRZ II 978 3 CRZ IB 64 4 CRZ IVB 128 5 Non CRZ Area 1204

Total length 2650

• Clearing and grubbing Prosopis juliflora shrub

• No tree cutting will be involved

• Soil excavation and transporting earth

• Marshy soil excavation and transportation and disposal

• Construction of bridges and Culverts

• Construction of box culverts to act as a balancing culverts in creek water, natural drain locations

• Construction of minor and major bridges to act as a natural drain for the water passage

2.9 Project Cost

Cost of the project in CRZ Zone is Rs.40 Crores.


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3. LEGAL POLICY AND FRAMEWORK

3.1 National Constitution of India As a sequel to the UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972), Indian

parliament in 1976 amended the constitution of India by introducing articles 48A and

51A. These articles incorporated environmental concerns into the Directive Principles of State policy and postulated as a fundamental duty of all citizens to preserve and protect the environment.

Government of India Environmental Legislative Government of India has enacted nearly thirty environment conservation laws and Acts. Some of these are: The Wildlife (protection) Act 1972; The Forest (conservation)

Act 1980; The Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974, The Air (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1981; 1988 amendment of the Motor Vehicle Act (M.V.) Act, 1939 and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA).Water and Air Act entrusted the task of their implementation and regulation to pollution control

boards set up for such purpose at State and Central levels. Even prior to the 1970’s and 80’s flurry of environmental legislation, there existed numerous statutory provisions for safeguarding environment, though in a highly limited way as some of

these dated back to the colonial period. Some of these were Sec 277 of IPC dealing with water pollution, Sec 278 of IPC dealing with atmospheric pollution and Statues like the Factories Act, 1948; the Mines Act, 1952, Insecticides Act, 1968 and Motor

Vehicle Act (M.V.) 1939. The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is widely regarded as a comprehensive or

umbrella legislation for environment in it’s entirely. The responsibility for implementation of the provisions of the EPA has to a large extent been entrusted to the regulatory agencies created under the Air and Water Acts. Department of

Environment (DoE) was started 1981 in the Central Government to act as a nodal agency for environmental protection and development in a coordinated manner. MOEF formulates environmental policies and accords environment clearances for the


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large Projects (sector-wise listing done by MOEF). State’s Department of Forest &

Environment and Pollution Control Board (P.C.B.) are enforcing authorities at the state level to resolve environmental issues arising due to any infrastructure project. The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (1994) and Amended

Notification 2006 The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 1994 under Environmental (protection) Act, 1986 has identified highways (item 21 of Schedule-I) as one of the

projects requiring prior clearance from the Ministry of Environmental and Forest (MOEF). Environmental Impact Assessment study (EIA) is a statutory requirement for obtaining clearance. MOEF has amended notification on Environmental

Assessment on 14th September 2006. All projects and activities are broadly classified into two categories – Category ‘A’ and Category ‘B’ based on the spatial extent of potential impacts on human health and natural and manmade resources. All projects or activities included as Category ‘A’ in the Schedule shall require prior

environmental clearances from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) on the recommendation of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) constituted by the Central Government for the purposes of this

notification. All projects or activities included as category ‘B’ in the schedule will require prior environmental clearances from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The SEIAA will base its decision on the

recommendations of a state or union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) constituted for this purpose. In the absence of a duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a category ‘B’ project shall be treated as a category ‘A’ project. Based on the

EIA notification 2006. The Forest (Conservation) Act, as amended in 1980 The Act pertains to the cases of diversion of forest land and felling of plantation.

Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at the following governmental levels.


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(a) Forest Land

Restrictions and clearance procedures proposed in the Forest (conservation) Act apply wholly to the natural forest areas does not have any vegetation cover. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

The Wildlife Protection Act has allowed the Government to establish a no. of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 25 years, to protest and conserve the flora and fauna of the state. However there are no Wild Life Sanctuaries in the proposed

project. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974 amended in 1988 The water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is enacted for management

and regulation of water quality and effluent. This act stipulates for establishment of State Pollution Control Boards whose responsibility includes managing water quality and effluent standards, monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operation of certain facilities.

The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended in 1987 In the State of Tamil Nadu, State Pollution Control Board is empowered to set air quality standards and monitor and prosecute offenders under the Air (Prevention &

Control of Pollution) Act 1981. The responsibility for monitoring vehicular air and noise pollution lies with the State Transport Authority (STA), not with the PCB. The Government of India (GoI) standards for the discharges of pollutants to the

environment (Water and Noise standards) are listed under the Environmental Protection Act. These standards apply mainly to the control of industrial pollution, with some applying to construction projects.

The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 The Union Government has laid down statutory norms to regulate and control noise levels to prevent their adverse effects on human health and the psychological

wellbeing of the people. The rules titled Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 have come into force at February 14, 2000. Under the new regulation, different areas and zones are to be identified as industrial, commercial, and


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residential or silence areas and anyone exceeding the specified noise level would be

liable for action. In industrial areas, the noise level would be liable for action. In industrial areas, the noise level limit during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) is 75 decibels and during night (10 pm to 6 am) is 70 decibels. Similarly, for commercial

areas day time limit is 65 decibels and night time limit is 55 decibels. In the case of residential areas, the limits are respectively 55 and 45 decibels and for the silence zones, 50 and 40 decibels.

The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 This Act ensures essential infrastructural facilities and urbanization with least

disturbance to the owners of the land and other affected families and provides just and fair compensation for land acquisitions. The proposed project will no involved any private land acquisition. Movement of Hazardous Chemicals

Movement of hazardous chemicals is governed by the Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 (rules 129 through 137). Besides regulations and precautions to be taken while transporting such goods, the rules stipulate availability of a transport Emergency

(TREM) Card with the driver of the carrier which will provide information on hazardous nature of the chemical carried and also precautions required to handle emergencies such as spillage and fire.

3.2 Environmental Administration The MOEF has the overall responsibility to set policy and standards for the

protection of environment along with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

This includes air, noise and water quality standards and the requirements for the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statements for developmental projects. These standards are of significance for the proposed project.

The status of key environmental legislation in India is given in Table 3.1 containing relevant environmental laws and regulations.


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Table 3.1-Statutes, Policies, Regulations and Responsible Agencies

Agency Statue/Policy Relevant objectives Ministry of Environment & Forest, GOI

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 The Forest (conservation) Act, 1972 The Forest (conservation) Act, 1980 as amended in 1998 The Forest Conservation Rules,1981 The environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006 Environment Protection Rules, 1986

To protect and improve the quality of the environment and to prevent, control and abate environmental pollution To restrict deforestation by restricting clearing of forested areas To ensure that appropriate measures are taken to conserve and protect the environment before commencement of operations

Pollution Control Boards (State)

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 as amended in 1988 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 as amended in 1987

To provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring wholesomeness of water. To provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and for the establishment of boards to carry out these purposes.

Environment & Forest Dept

The Wildlife (Protection Act), 1972

To protect wild animals and birds through the creation of National Parks and Sanctuaries

Archaeological I survey of India, Directorate of Archaeology

Ancient Monument and Archaeological sites and Remains Act, 1958

To protect and conserve cultural and historical remains To regulate construction activities near the monuments and sites protected by the Government

Revenue Department

The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 To set out rules for acquisition of land by the Government departments and agencies


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S.N Activity Clearance/

NOC Required

Statutory Authority

Responsibility Status Implemen-

tation Supervision

Greater Chennai Corporation

1

Construction of Railway

Line at Kosasthalaiy

ar River

NOC IWAI KPL & IPRCL

Permission Obtained

2

Construction of Railway Line at CRZ

area

CRZ Department

of Environment

KPL & IPRCL

Permission will be

obtained prior to

execution Contractor

1 Working of labour

Labour & Camps

Labour Welfare Board

Contractor IPRCL

Permission will be

obtained prior to

execution


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4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE

4.1 Introduction Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing

status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions,

Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydrogeological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for the protection of the

environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project. 4.2 Scope of Baseline Study

An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, & Fauna were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central

Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 4.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 4.2 gives the frequency and monitoring

methodology for various environmental attributes. Table 4.1-Environmental Attributes

S .No Attribute Parameter Source of Data

1 Climatology & Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Indian Meteorological Department and Site-specific information

2 Water Quality Physical and Chemical parameters

Data Monitoring (Surface water – 4 locations and groundwater - 8 locations)

3 Ambient Air Quality

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO & TVOC

Data Monitoring (8 locations)

4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Data Monitoring (8 locations)


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5 Marine sample (water)

Physical and Chemical parameters

Data Monitoring (Surface water – 6 locations and Bottom - 6 locations)

6 Marine sample (Sediments)

Physical and Chemical parameters


7 Marine Ecology

Zooplankton, phytoplankton


8 Geology Geological history Secondary sources

9 Soil

Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters.

Analysis of soil samples at seven locations

10 Socio-economic Aspects

Socio-Economic characteristics of the affected area

Secondary sources

11 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories

Secondary data

Table 4.2-Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Attributes Sampling Measurement

Method Remarks Network Frequency A. Meteorology Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

Project site

Continuous for 3 months

Weather monitor with database

B. Air Environment

Particulate Matter (PM10) Requisite

locations in the project influence area

24 hourly-Twice a week for 3 months in Non- Monsoon season

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 Notification for National Ambient Air

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)

Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)

EPA Modified West & Gaeke method


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Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser

Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)

-- EPA Method TO 17

Carbon Monoxide

Gas Analyzer (NDIR)

C. Noise

Hourly equivalent noise levels

Requisite locations in the project influence area

Once Instrument: Sound level meter

IS: 4954 1968

D. Water Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total phosphorus, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids

Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water

Once

Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS: 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public


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Health Association.

E. Land Environment

Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.

Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson

F. Biological Environment

Terrestrial & Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Requisite locations in the project influence area

Once in season

Collected and analyzed as per IUCN Red Data Book.

4.3 Micro Meteorological Data 4.3.1 Climate

The tropical climate of the region is manifested as hot and humid summer, moderately monsoon and mild winter seasons. The climate of the region is characterized as hot & dry.

Min relative humidity recorded = 65% Max relative humidity recorded = 74% Min temperature recorded = 24.3°C

Max temperature recorded = 32.9°C Annual Average rainfall = 1200 mm 4.3.2 Wind


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Meteorological station was set up at site, to record surface meteorological data,

during the study period from January 2019 to March 2019. Wind speed and wind direction data recorded during the study period has enabled identifying the influence of meteorology on the air quality of the area. Based on the

collected meteorological data, relative percentage frequencies of different wind directions were calculated and plotted as wind roses for 24hr duration. Wind rose for the period of February 2019 is given in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1 - Windrose Diagram

4.4 Seismicity The project area falls under Zone III of Seismic zones of India as per the Map of India.


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According to GSHAP data, the state of Tamil Nadu falls in a region of moderate

damage risk zone. Historically, parts of this region have experienced seismic activity in the M5.0-6.0 range. The Seismic zone map of India and Tamil Nadu is shown in Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 respectively.

Figure 4.2 - Earthquake Hazard map of India (Source:http://www.bmtpc.org)

Figure 4.3- GAHAP Data for Tamil Nadu (Source: http://asc-india.org)

4.5 Air Environment The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the

ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The methodology adopted

for Air quality survey is given below.

PROJECT SITE


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4.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatologically data.

• Topography / Terrain of the study area

• Human Settlements

• Health status

• Accessibility of monitoring site

• Resource Availability

• Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status

• Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas. The Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations are given in Table 4.3 & Figure 4.4.

Table 4.3 - Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location

S. No. Location Latitude Longitude

1 Project Site (Puzhuthivakkam) 13°15'40.01"N 80°19'36.75"E

2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar 13°14'58.30"N 80°18'3.72"E

3 Kattupalli Village 13°18'12.76"N 80°19'51.17"E

4 Kalanji 13°19'44.57"N 80°20'4.60"E

5 Kaniyambakkam 13°18'46.39"N 80°14'57.27"E

6 Minjur 13°16'3.31"N 80°15'51.72"E

7 Vichoor Village 13°12'55.09"N 80°16'14.50"E

8 Ernavoor 13°11'30.35"N 80°18'37.02"E


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Figure 4.4 - Air Quality Monitoring Locations 4.5.2 Parameters for Sampling The parameters chosen for assessment of ambient air quality were Particulate

Matter<10 (PM10), Particulate Matter<2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), TVOC. 4.5.3 Instruments Used For Sampling

Respirable Dust Samplers APM- 460 BL of Enviro tech was used for monitoring Particulate matter (PM-10), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Fine Particulate Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring PM2.5.


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Table 4.4 - Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S. No Parameters Technique

1 Particulate Matter (PM10), µg/m3 Gravimetric (High- Volume with

Cyclone)

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5), µg/m3 Gravimetric (Fine particulate Sampler)

3 Oxides of Sulphur (SO2), µg/m3 EPA Modified West & Gaeke method

4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), µg/m3 Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser

5 Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (TVOC), µg/m3 EPA METHOD TO - 17

6 Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3 Gas Analyser (NDIR)

4.5.4 Presentation of Data

Various statistical parameters like the average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board

(CPCB) for residential and Industrial zone. Pollutant specific monitoring results indicating levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx with respect to applicable standards are presented in Table 4.5 and the results are predicted below


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Table 4.5 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Result

Location Code Location

PM10, µg/m3 PM 2.5, µg/m3 SO2, µg/m3 NOX, µg/m3 O3, µg/m3

Min Max Avg 98 % Min Max Avg 98

% Min Max Avg 98 % Min Max Avg 98

% Min Max Avg 98 %

AAQ1 Project Site (Puzhuthivakkam)

51 74 62.1 72.7 27.5 39.8 33.2 39.1 8.63 12.1 10.3 11.8 12.1 17.6 14.8 17.2 10.4 12.9 11.5 12.6

AAQ2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar 48 66 56.4 64.3 25.5 33.7 29.2 32.9 6.54 8.45 7.43 8.3 11.4 16.6 14 16.1 10.9 13.5 11.8 13.2

AAQ3 Kattupalli Village 44 54 49.1 52.8 19.3 25.8 22.7 25.2 6.14 7.36 6.64 7.22 9.32 11.7 10.5 11.4 8.52 10.3 9.41 10.1

AAQ4 Kalanji 41 49 44.7 48.1 18.1 23.6 20.8 23.1 5.41 6.88 6.18 6.75 8.14 10.9 9.51 10.7 7.87 11.1 9.38 10.8

AAQ5 Kaniyambakkam 45 63 53.9 62.4 21.8 28.6 25.4 27.8 6.01 7.98 7.05 7.83 11.8 15.5 13.8 15.1 9.47 12.7 11.5 12.4

AAQ6 Minjur 51 67 58.8 65.7 26.7 34.8 30.2 34 7.14 8.51 7.82 8.42 12.8 17.9 15.5 17.4 9.62 12.2 10.9 12

AAQ7 Vichoor Village 55 71 63.8 68.4 28.7 38.2 33.1 37.5 8.11 10.6 9.31 10.4 13.7 21.6 17.8 21.1 11.1 14.6 12.8 14.3

AAQ 8 Ernavoor 56 68 62.3 67.1 30.1 41.1 36.2 40.4 8.57 13.3 11 13.1 12.8 22.7 18.1 22.2 10.9 15.5 13.2 15.1

CPCB / MoEF Standards Industrial /Residentia

l / Rural and Other

Area

100

60

80

80 100

Industrial /Residential / Rural

and Other Area

BDL - Below Detectable Limit


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Location

Code

Sampling

Location

Ammonia µg/m3

Carbon monoxide, mg/m3

Lead, µg/m3 Arsenic ng/m3

Nickel ng/m3

Benzene, µg/m3

Benzo[a]pyrene ng/m3 Min Max Avg

98

%ile

AAQ1 Project Site BDL(<5) 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.16 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ2 Athipattu Pudu

Nagar BDL(<5) 0.12 0.24 0.18 0.22 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ3 Kattupalli Village BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ4 Kalanji BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ5 Kaniyambakkam BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ6 Minjur BDL(<5) 0.10 0.19 0.15 0.18 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ7 Vichoor Village BDL(<5) 0.14 0.29 0.23 0.28 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

AAQ 8 Ernavoor BDL(<5) 0.13 0.30 0.21 0.28 BDL(<0.1) BDL(<1) BDL(<1) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1)

CPCB / MoEF Standards

Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area

400

2 1 6 20 5 1


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4.5.5 Observation

PM10 – A maximum value of 74 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam (AAQ1). The next higher value of 71 µg/m3 was observed at Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24 hours applicable limit for

industrial/residential/rural areas is 100 µg/m3, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit. PM2.5 – The maximum value of 41.1 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The

next higher value of 39.8 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam (AAQ1). The 24 hours applicable limit is 60µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit.

SO2 - The maximum value of 13.3 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 12.1 µg/m3 was observed at Project Site – Puzhuthivakkam (AAQ1). The 24 hours applicable limit is 80µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit.

NOx - The maximum value of 22.7 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 21.6 µg/m3 was observed at Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24 hours applicable limit is 80 µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the

observed values are well within the prescribed limit. O3 - The maximum value of 13.2 µg/m3 was observed at Ernavoor (AAQ8). The next higher value of 12.8 µg/m3 was observed at Vichoor Village (AAQ7).The 24

hours applicable limit is 100 µg/m3 for industrial/residential/rural areas, the observed values are well within the prescribed limit. The air quality data in the monitored area within the 10 Km radius is well below

the prescribed limit. 4.6 Noise Environment

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.


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4.6.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential area, Highways and Institutional areas. The

noise monitoring locations are presented in Table 4.6 & Figure 4.5.

4.6.2 Instrument used for Sampling Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter

measures the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode.

Table 4.6 - Noise Monitoring Locations

S. No. Location Latitude Longitude

1 Project Site (Puzhuthivakkam) 13°15'40.01"N 80°19'36.75"E

2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar 13°14'58.30"N 80°18'3.72"E

3 Kattupalli Village 13°18'12.76"N 80°19'51.17"E

4 Kalanji 13°19'44.57"N 80°20'4.60"E

5 Kaniyambakkam 13°18'46.39"N 80°14'57.27"E

6 Minjur 13°16'3.31"N 80°15'51.72"E

7 Vichoor Village 13°12'55.09"N 80°16'14.50"E

8 Ernavoor 13°11'30.35"N 80°18'37.02"E


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Figure 4.5 - Noise Monitoring Locations

4.6.3 Method of Monitoring

Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of

an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for an audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise

according to the response of a human ear. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been

monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in a 10-km radius of the study area. The noise levels were measured once during the study period. These readings were later tabulated and


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the frequency distribution table was prepared. Finally, hourly and 24 hourly values

for various noise parameters viz. Lday and Lnight were calculated. For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the

percent of the time certain noise levels exceed the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

• L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time

• L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 percent of the time and

• L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is

necessary because the sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:

Leq = L50 + (L10 - L90)2/60 Parameters Measured During Monitoring For noise levels measured over a given period of the time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated

using the percent of the time, certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels is described below: Hourly Leq day: Equivalent noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00 hours.

Leq night: Equivalent noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours. 4.6.4 Results The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight are

presented in Table 4.7 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table 4.8.


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Table 4.7 - Ambient Noise Level Location

Code Sample Location Lday dB(A)

Lnight dB(A)

Leq dB(A)

N1 Project Site (Puzhuthivakkam) 56.8 47.5 55.3

N2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar 53.3 43.6 51.8

N3 Kattupalli Village 48.5 42.1 47.2 N4 Kalanji 47.3 41.3 46.1 N5 Kaniyambakkam 50.5 43.2 49.1 N6 Minjur 52.9 43.9 51.4 N7 Vichoor Village 54.8 45.1 53.3 N8 Ernavoor 53.9 45.8 52.5

Table 4.8 - Ambient Noise Quality Standards

Category of Area / Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40 Source: CPCB

4.6.5 Observation

Day Time Noise Level Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 47.3 – 56.8 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 56.8 dB (A) at Project Site -

Puzhuthivakkam (N1) and a minimum of 47.3 dB (A) was observed at Kalanji (N4). The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit. Night Time Noise Levels

Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 41.3 – 47.5 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 47.5 dB (A) at Project Site -Puzhuthivakkam (N1) and a minimum of 41.3 dB (A) was observed at Kalanji

(N4).The monitored locations during the Day time are under the prescribed limit.


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Leq dB (A)

Noise levels as Leq in the range of 46.1 – 55.3 dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 55.3 dB (A) at Project Site - Puzhuthivakkam (N1) and a minimum of 46.1 dB (A) was observed at Kalanji (N4).

The Noise Level data in the monitored area within the 10 Km radius is below the prescribed limit. 4.7 Water Environment

Water sampling has been conducted to establish baseline water quality in the area. Water analysis was carried out for physical and chemical parameters as per the methods prescribed in IS and “Standard Methods for the Examination of

Water and Wastewater “(American Public Health Association)”. 4.7.1 Sampling Locations The details of the water sampling stations are presented in the Table 4.9 & Figure 4.6.

Table 4.9 - Water Quality Monitoring Locations Location

Code Location Geographical location Type of water

GW1 Project Site (Puzhuthivakkam)

13°15'40.01"N 80°19'36.75"E Ground Water

GW2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar

13°14'58.30"N 80°18'3.72"E Ground Water

GW3 Kattupalli Village 13°18'12.76"N 80°19'51.17"E Ground Water GW4 Kalanji 13°19'44.57"N 80°20'4.60"E Ground Water GW5 Kaniyambakkam 13°18'46.39"N 80°14'57.27"E Ground Water

GW6 Minjur 13°16'3.31"N 80°15'51.72"E Ground Water

GW7 Vichoor Village 13°12'55.09"N 80°16'14.50"E Ground Water

GW8 Ernavoor 13°11'30.35"N 80°18'37.02"E Ground Water

SW1 Ennore Creak 13°13'57.41"N 80°19'1.50"E Surface Water

SW2 Kosasthalaiyar River – Kalanji 13°19'52.99"N 80°19'40.86"E Surface Water

SW3 Buckingham Canal – Kattupalli Village 13° 19’ 19.9” 80° 19’ 32.9” Surface Water

SW4 Kosasthalaiyar River – Vichoor

Village 13° 12’ 59.9” 80° 16’ 20.1” Surface Water


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Figure 4.6 - Water Quality Monitoring Locations


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Table 4.10 - Results for Ground Water Analysis

S. No Parameters Unit Test Method Limit as

per IS 10500 :

2012 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

1 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd Edition 5 1 Nil 1 2

2 Odour - APHA 22nd Edition Agreeable No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff:2017) 6.5-8.5 6.72 6.93 7.47 6.81

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984

(Reaff: 2012) Not

Specified 4290 2560 6100 3830

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 1 1 0.5 0.6 1.3

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff:

2017) 500 2540 1438 3420 2275

7 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff:

2012) Not

Specified <2 <2 <2 <2

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 (Reaff:

2014) 200 580 810 956 810

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23-

1986(Reaff:2014) 200 280 370 220 480

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2014) 250 1171 496 1715 759

11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- SO42- E 200 289 133 271 361

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500-F B&D 1.0 0.61 0.64 0.54 0.74


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13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NO3- B 45 2 35 22 12

14 Ammonia as N-NH3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NH3 B&C 0.5 0.05 0.10 0.45 1.08

15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2014)

Not Specified 720 210 920 510

16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2014)

Not Specified 28 5.2 52 26

17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2014) 75 160 192 208 176

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION 30 44 80 106 90 19 Iron as Fe mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 1 0.15 BDL (<0.05) 0.21 0.17 20 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.1 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

21 Phenolic compounds as Phenol mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001

) BDL(<0.001

) BDL(<0.001

) 22 Copper as Cu mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.003 BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

25 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) 26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) 27 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 28 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) 29 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 5 0.07 0.25 0.20 0.12

30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

31 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

32 Aluminum as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 0.03 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)


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*BDL – Below Detectable Limit *BDL – Below Detectable Limit

33 Total Coliforms MPN/ 100ml IS 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) Absent/100

ml 7 <2 14 2

34 E coli MPN/ 100ml IS 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) Absent/100

ml <2 <2 <2 <2

S. No Parameters Unit Test Method Limit as per IS 10500 : 2012

GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8

1 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd Edition 5 1 Nil 2 Nil

2 Odour - APHA 22nd Edition Agreeable No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

3 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff:2017) 6.5-8.5 7.60 7.91 7.29 7.29

4 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff:

2012) Not Specified 2150 1080 3670 2480

5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2017) 1 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.6

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff:

2017) 500 1202 586 2090 1312

7 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff:

2012) Not Specified <2 <2 <2 <2

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 (Reaff:

2014) 200 490 230 500 593

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23-

1986(Reaff:2014) 200 280 120 600 285

10 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2014) 250 436 182 512 291


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11 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- SO42- E 200 198 112 443 346

12 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500-F B&D 1.0 1.21 0.31 0.63 0.64

13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NO3- B 45 5 14 12 18

14 Ammonia as N-NH3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NH3 B&C 0.5 0.16 0.05 0.23 0.13

15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2014)


16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2014)


17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2014) 75 64 40 96 130

18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION 30 79 46 63 65 19 Iron as Fe mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 1 0.06 0.09 0.18 BDL(<0.05)

20 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.1 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

21 Phenolic compounds as Phenol mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D 0.001 BDL(<0.00

1) BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

22 Copper as Cu mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3112B 0.001 BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.003 BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

25 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)


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Table 4.11 – Results for Surface Water Analysis

27 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E 0.05 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

28 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.01 BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

29 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 5 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.21

30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.05 BDL(<0.03

) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

31 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.02 BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

32 Aluminum as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 0.03 BDL(<0.03

) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

33 Total Coliforms MPN/ 100ml IS 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) Absent/100

ml <2 <2 <2 14

34 E coli MPN/ 100ml IS 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) Absent/100

ml <2 <2 <2 <2

S.No Parameters Unit Test method SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 1 Colour Hazen APHA 22nd Edition 2 5 3 30

2 Odour - APHA 22nd Edition No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

No Odour Observed

Odour Observed

3 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part 11- 1983 (Reaff:2012) 3.7 3.3 2.3 6.6 4 pH at 25°C - IS : 3025 Part 14- 1984 (Reaff: 2012) 8.22 8.11 8.31 8.59

5 Electrical Conductivity, μS/cm IS : 3025 Part 10-1984 (Reaff: 2012) 52300 51800 54100 2670

6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 16-1984 (Reaff: 2012) 33432 32406 34412 1480

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 21-2009 (Reaff: 2014) 6100 5800 6200 440

8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 23- 1986(Reaff:2014) 130 126 120 380


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9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part 32-1988 (Reaff: 2014) 17650 17358 18300 512 10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- SO42- E 2480 2480 2612 203 11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500-F B&D 1.87 1.63 1.71 0.83 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NO3- B 3.69 3 2.3 13

13 Ammonia as NH3 mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION -4500- NH3 B&C 0.11 0.55 0.05 1.64

14 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part 31-1988 (Reaff:2014) 0.16 0.19 0.06 0.96 15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 11200 10900 11300 398 16 Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part 45-1993 (Reaff:2003) 470 457 485 24 17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part 40-1991 (Reaff:2003) 446 412 430 86 18 Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION 1211 1146 1245 55

19 Iron as Fe mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.27 0.14 BDL(<0.05)

2.36

20 Manganese as Mn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

0.05

21 Phenolic compounds as Phenol

mg/l APHA 22nd EDN 5530 B,C,D BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

22 Copper as Cu mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3112B BDL(<0.001) BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

BDL(<0.001)

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B BDL(<0.003) BDL(<0.003)

BDL(<0.003)

BDL(<0.003)

25 Selenium as Se mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

26 Total Arsenic as As mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01) BDL(<0.01)

27 Cyanide as CN mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -4500-CN E BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05)

28 Lead as Pb mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B 0.07 0.03 BDL(<0.01) 0.08


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29 Zinc as Zn mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3111 B 0.33 0.13 0.19 0.41

30 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

31 Nickel as Ni mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3113 B BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02) BDL(<0.02)

32 Aluminum as Al mg/l APHA 22nd EDN -3500-Al-B 2012 BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03) BDL(<0.03)

33 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part 17-1984 (Reaff: 2012) 14 8 6 16

34 Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l APHA 22ND EDITION-5540 C BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025

) BDL(<0.025)

BDL(<0.025)

35 Dissolved Oxygen as O2 mg/l IS:3025:Part-38:1989 (Reaff:2014) 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.5

36 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 (Reaff:2012) 20 16 18 38

37 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand at 27°C for 3 days

mg/l IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2014) 2.3 2 <2 6.2

38 Oil and Grease mg/l IS:3025:Part-39:1991 -Reaff:2014) <4 <4 <4 <4

39 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981) (Reaff – 2014) 170 140 14 >1600

40 E coli MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981)(Reaff – 2014) 26 21 <2 240


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4.7.2 Observations A) Ground water resources • The pH of ground water in the study area varies between 6.72 to 7.91 and

Conductivity varies from 1080 to 6100 µS/cm.

• TDS values were found to be from 586 to 3420 mg/l and Total Hardness varied from 230 to 956 mg/l. This indicates that water in the study area were very hard in nature. The Total alkalinity also varies from 120 to 600 mg/L.

• Sodium and potassium are naturally occurring elements of groundwater because Project site is located in sea. It is one of the major contributors to salinity of water. The concentration of sodium in the studied samples varied from 103 to 920 mg/l. Potassium varied from 5.2 to 52 mg/l. Calcium also

varies from 40 to 208 mg/L.

• The chloride content in the studied area ranged from 182 - 1715 mg/l. The sulphate values were found to be from 112 to 443 mg/l and, fluoride content

in the studied area ranged from 0.31 – 1.21 mg/l. Nitrate content in the ground water is found to be within the IS standards in all the samples.

B) Surface Water

• The pH of Surface water in the study area varies between 8.11 to 8.59 and Conductivity varies from 2670 to 54100 µS/cm.

• TDS values were found to be from 1480 to 34412 mg/l and Total Hardness

varied from 440 – 6200 mg/l. The Total alkalinity also varies from 120 to 380 mg/L. Chloride content is observed in 512 to 18300 mg/l. The BOD and COD range is 2 to 6.2 mg/l and 16 to 38 mg/l respectively.

• The concentration of sodium in the studied samples varied from 398 to 11300 mg/l. Potassium varied from 24 to 485 mg/l. Calcium also varies from 86 to 446 mg/l and Magnesium is 55 to 1245 mg/l.

• Total Coliform count is observed in study area range is 14 to

>1600(MPN/100ml).

• E-Coliforms count is observed in study area range is <2 to 240 (MPN/100ml).


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4.8 Soil Environment

4.8.1 Soil analysis The present study of the soiltively quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due

to the operation of the proposed Project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives;

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and

• To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics

Five locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and

chemical characteristics. The details of the soil sampling location are presented in Table 4.12 & Figure 4.7. The results are presented in Table 4.13 and compared with Standard Soil

Classification presented in Table 4.14. Table 4.12 - Soil Monitoring Locations

S. No. Location Latitude Longitude 1 Project Site

(Puzhuthivakkam) 13°15'40.01"N 80°19'36.75"E

2 Athipattu Pudu Nagar 13°14'58.30"N 80°18'3.72"E 3 Kattupalli Village 13°18'12.76"N 80°19'51.17"E 4 Kalanji 13°19'44.57"N 80°20'4.60"E 5 Kaniyambakkam 13°18'46.39"N 80°14'57.27"E 6 Minjur 13°16'3.31"N 80°15'51.72"E 7 Vichoor Village 13°12'55.09"N 80°16'14.50"E 8 Ernavoor 13°11'30.35"N 80°18'37.02"E


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Figure 4.7 - Soil Monitoring Locations


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Table 4.13 - Results for Soil Analysis

S.N Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

1 pH (1:5 Soil Suspension) 8.33 7.81 7.14 7.36 7.96 7.59 8.54 8.31 2 Bulk Density, g/cc 1.28 1.20 1.49 1.51 1.35 1.39 1.31 1.22

3 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm (1:5 Soil Suspension) 0.451 0.664 0.566 0.731 0.124 0.096 0.114 0.310

4 Total Nitrogen as N, kg/ha 304 474 247 262 365 363 384 510

5 Available Phosphorous as P, kg/ha 41.5 32.6 15.8 19.3 35.4 55.7 29.6 62.8

6 Available Potassium as K , kg/ha 365 292 411 435 341 254 384 326

7 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq/100g 16.6 17.1 9.22 8.41 12.2 10.4 13.6 15.2

8 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g 3.66 3.97 5.36 4.78 2.65 3.19 2.74 3.45

9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq/100g 1.45 2.08 3.98 4.11 1.29 0.86 1.07 1.52

10 Organic matter (%) 1.14 1.36 0.41 0.56 0.97 0.75 1.12 1.42

11 Texture Classification Sandy Clay Clay Sand Sand

Sandy Clay Loam

Loam Sandy Clay Loam

Clay

12 Sand (%) 47.1 27.5 91.1 92.7 50.2 37.5 48.8 30.3 13 Clay (%) 36.3 66.8 0.6 0.3 27.1 7.1 29.3 57.9 14 Silt (%) 16.6 5.7 8.3 7 22.7 55.4 21.9 11.8


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Table 4.14 - Standard Soil Classifications Chemical

Parameters Ranking

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

pH <4, very Strongly

Acidic 4-5, Strongly

Acidic 5-8, Ideal for Plant Growth

8-9 Strongly Basic >9 Very Strongly Basic

EC (μS/cm) <2000,

Non saline 2000-4000

Saline 4000-8000

Moderately Saline 8000-16000

Highly Saline >16000 Extremely

Saline

Total Nitrogen (%) <0.05

Very Low 0.05-0.15 Low 0.15-0.25

Moderate 0.25-0.5 High >0.5 Very High

Total Phosphorous (mg/kg)

<5 Very Low 5-10 Low 10-30 Moderate 30-60 High >60 Very High

Sodium (mg/kg)

- <200 Non Sodic 200-500 Moderate >500 Sodic

Potassium (mg/kg)

- <150 Low 150-250 Moderate

250-800 High >800 Very High

Calcium (mg/kg)

- <1000 Low 1000-2000 Moderate

>2000 High -

Magnesium (mg/kg)

<40 Very Low 40-100 Low 100-300 Moderate >300 High -

% Organic Matter 0.5-1.0 Very Low

1.0-2.0 Low 2.0-3.0 Moderate 3.0-5.0 High >5 Very High


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4.8.2 Observations

The pH indicates that the soils in the study areas are basic in nature, with the pH varying in the range of 7.14 to 8.54. The Electrical Conductivity was observed in the range of 0.096 to 0.731 mS/cm.

The Nitrogen values are in the range of 247 to 510 mg/kg indicating that soils have

better quantity of Nitrogen levels. The Phosphorous values are in the range of 15.8 to 62.8 mg/kg indicating that soils have an average Phosphorous level. The Potassium values range between 254 to 435 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have better

quantity of Potassium. The Organic matter (%) values range between 0.41 to 1.42. The soil from the study area shows that they are average fertile.

4.9 Drainage The Chennai Basin comprises of the four Rivers namely: Araniar, Kosasthalaiyar, Coovum, and Adyar River. The index map of Chennai Basin is presented below. The

Rivers originate from North to South on the Western side from the hills of altitude ranging from 100 m to 200 m and flows to the Bay of Bengal on the East to North-East. Chennai city is usually considered as a plain land surface with a gentle slope

towards Bay of Bengal. The land elevation is within 10 m and the maximum elevated lands are located on the South-Western part of the City. Kosasthalaiyar River, which has its origin near Kaveripakkam and has catchment

area in North Arcot District, has a branch near Kesavaram Anicut and flows to the city as Cooum River and the main Kosasthalaiyar river flows to Poondi reservoir. Poondi Regulator was constructed in 1943. From Poondi reservoir, Kosasthalaiyar

River flows through the Thiruvallur District, enters CMA, and joins the Sea at Ennore. Buckingham Canal is a man-made canal, which was constructed during the year

1806. It originates at the place called Bedhakanjam in Andhra Pradesh and runs along the area very close to the east coast, enters CMA at Athipattu village, passes through the Chennai City and leaves CMA at Semmencheri village, and it finally

connects to Ongur River at Yedayanthittu Kaliveli near Cheyyar. Its total length is


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418 km and in CMA its length is 40km. It runs in the north south direction and

connects all the major three rivers in CMA. It was dug for the purpose of navigation and transport of goods and also to accommodate flood. But within CMA for various reasons it now serves as flood accommodator only.

The Drainage Map 10 Km radius within the project site are presented in Figure 4.8.

Figure 4.8 - Drainage Map for 10 Km radius


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4.10 Geomorphology and Soil Types

The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Alluvial Plain, 2) Old River Courses 3) Coastal plains 4) Shallow & deep buried Pediments, 5) Pediments and 6) Structural Hills.

The coastal tract is marked by three beach terraces with broad inter-terrace depressions. The coastal plains display a fairly lower level or gently rolling surface and only slightly elevated above the local water surfaces or rivers. The straight trend

of the coastal tract is resultant of development of vast alluvial plains. There are a number of dunes in the coastal tract. In this project site falling under (Coastal Origin-Younger Coastal Plain) entire north

Chennai coastal line. The Geomorphology Map of the project site Figure 4.9.

Figure 4.9 - Geomorphology Map are presented 10 Km radius

GEOMORPHOLOGY

PROJECT SITE


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4.11 Ground Water Scenario

The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations. The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by i) unconsolidated & semi-consolidated formations and ii) weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks.

Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fissured and fractured zones at deeper levels. The thickness of weathered zone in the district is in the range of 2 to 12 m.

The depth of the wells ranged from 8.00 to 15.00 m bgl. The yield of large diameter wells tapping the weathered mantle of crystalline rocks ranges from 100 to 500 lpm and are able to sustain pumping for 2 to 6 hours per day.

The yield of bore wells drilled down to a depth of 50 to 60 m ranges from 20 to 400 lpm. The yield of successful bore wells drilled down to a depth of 150 m bgl during the ground water exploration programme of Central Ground Water Board ranged from 1.2 to 7.6 lpm.

The depth to water level in the district varied between 2.38 – 7.36 m bgl during pre-monsoon (May 2006) and 0.79 – 5.30 m bgl during post monsoon (Jan 2007). The seasonal fluctuation shows a rise between 0.28 and 4.80 m bgl. The piezometric head

varied between 2.20 to 10.30 m bgl (May 2006) during premonsoon and 2.72 to 8.55 m bgl during post monsoon. A map showing the hydrogeology of the district is given as Figure 4.10, 4.11 & 4.12


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Figure 4.10 - Hydrogeology Map


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Figure 4.11 - Depth to water level (Pre Monsoon)

Figure 4.12 - Depth to water level (Post Monsoon)


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4.12 Biological Environment

4.12.1 Terrestrial Ecology Flora The flora and fauna in the study area was observed and noted. Three types of flora

was noted, namely, the general coastal flora, mangrove and agricultural crops. Sparse mangroves of Avicennia sp. were observed near project site area. The list of flora observed in the project site is given in Table 4.15. The common

species, which were found in the study area were Coconus nucifera, Casurina equisetifolia, Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica.

Table 4.15 - List of Flora in the Study Area

Sl. No Local Name Scientific Name 1 Veppa Maram Azadirachta indica 2 Karuvelam Acacia nilotica 3 Gulmohar Delonix regia 4 Peepal Ficus religiosa 5 Erukkan Calotropis gigantea 6 Savukku Maram Casuarina equisetifolia 7 Thenna Maram Cocus nucifera 8 Siridam Albizia lebbeck 9 Porasum Butea monosperma

Fauna Some of the fauna, which were observed in the study area are given in Table 4.16

Table 4.16 - List of Fauna in the Study Area

Sl.No. Common Name Scientific Name Mammals

1. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum 2. Mangoose Herpestes javanicus 3. Mouse Apodemus slvaticus

Reptiles 4. Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus 5. Lizard (garden) Calotes versicolor 6. House lizard Hemidactylus frenatus


6 2 | P a g e 2019

Birds 7. Cattle egret Babulcus ibis 8. Kite Haliastur Indus 9. Mynah Acridotheres tristis 10. Heron Ardeola grayii 11. House swift Apus affinis

Arthropods 12. Millipede Spirobolida 13. Crab Portunus sp.

4.12.2 Marine Ecology

a) Marine Sediment The Marine studies has carried out in study period from January 2019 to March 2019 whereas marine sediment samples were collected in Kosasthalaiyar River & Buckingham canal. The location and result of the samples are given in Table 4.17 &

Figure 4.13.


6 3 | P a g e 2019

Figure 4.13 - Marine Study Locations


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Table 4.17 - Marine sediment results

S.No Parameter Unit Test Method Results

RMS 1 RMS 2 RMS 3 RMS 4 RMS 5 RMS 6 RMS 7 RMS 8 RMS 9 RMS 10 RMS 11 RMS 12

1 pH - IS 2720 Part 26 : 1987 8.22 7.99 8.36 8.45 8.32 8.17 8.26 8.44 8.25 8.14 8.63 8.17

2 Texture % Robinson Pipette Method Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay

3 Total Organic Carbon

% IS 2720 Part 22 : 1972 7.36 5.87 7.25 8.68 5.88 9.11 5.54 6.87 7.96 5.21 8.35 7.76

4 Iron as Fe mg/kg EPA 03050 B 2224 1714 3254 2914 2584 1846 2136 2082 2487 3102 2369 1874

5 Zinc as Zn mg/kg EPA 03050 B 225 312 398 236 231 298 268 325 274 303 257 302

6 Manganese as Mn

mg/kg EPA 03050 B 268 352 474 296 312 278 236 332 280 364 384 308

7 Lead as Pb mg/kg EPA 03050 B 21.1 28.6 23.7 19.8 29.6 15.9 17.1 16.6 22.8 15.9 20.5 24.1

8 Cadmium as Cd

mg/kg EPA 03050 B BDL

(<2) BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

BDL (<2)

9 Chromium as Cr

mg/kg EPA 03050 B 45.6 71.4 52.8 83.1 64.7 72.5 50.1 64.8 82 71.7 48.6 65.2

10 Nickel as Ni mg/kg EPA 03050 B 6.54 7.25 BDL

(<2) 8.52 9.31 3.95 4.12 BDL (<2) 3.31 5.66 2.87 3.64

11 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon

mg/kg

APHA 22nd EDN-6440 B 0.14 0.11 BDL

(<0.1) BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1) 0.11 BDL

(<0.1) BDL (<0.1) 0.13 0.14

12 Total Viable Count

CFU/g IS5401 Part 1 27 x

104 19 x 104

31 x 104

18 x 104

23 x 104

17 x 104

15 x 104

22 x 104

27 x 104 18 x 104 20 x 104 17 x 104

13 Total Coliform

CFU/g

IS5401 Part 1 41 x 103

23 x 103

19 x 103

25 x 103

33 x 103

19 x 103

34 x 103

17 x 103

26 x 103 18 x 103 29 x 103 21 x 103

14 Faecal Coliform

CFU/g

IS5401 Part 1 12 x 102

17 x 102 9 x 102 23 x

102 14 x 102 9 x 102 23 x

102 14 x 102 9 x 102 8 x 102 26 x 102 17 x 102


6 5 | P a g e 2019

S.No Parameter Unit Test Method

Results BCS 1 BCS 2 BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 5 BCS 6

1 pH - IS 2720 Part 26 : 1987 8.25 8.42 8.28 8.42 8.26 8.37

2 Texture % Robinson Pipette Method Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay

3 Total Organic Carbon % IS 2720 Part 22 : 1972 8.25 10.1 9.36 10.7 8.96 9.15

4 Iron as Fe mg/kg EPA 03050 B 2568 3521 2874 3698 2547 2936

5 Zinc as Zn mg/kg EPA 03050 B 358 207 224 276 232 269

6 Manganese as Mn

mg/kg EPA 03050 B 284 196 225 158 287 212

7 Lead as Pb mg/kg EPA 03050 B 23.6 19.7 24.5 16.8 23.3 16.5

8 Cadmium as Cd

mg/kg EPA 03050 B BDL (<2) BDL (<2) BDL(<2) BDL(<2) BDL(<2) BDL(<2)

9 Chromium as Cr

mg/kg EPA 03050 B 51.6 66.3 47.8 42.6 55.1 62.5

10 Nickel as Ni mg/kg EPA 03050 B 4.8 3.6 5.7 3.5 5.2 3.6


mg/kg APHA 22nd EDN-6440 B BDL

(<0.1) BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)

BDL (<0.1)


CFU/g IS5401 Part 1 37 x 104 26 x 104 33 x 104 24 x 104 29 x 104 22 x 104

13 Total Coliform

CFU/g

IS5401 Part 1 14 x 103 11 x 103 17 x 104 23 x 104 21 x 104 16 x 104

14 Faecal Coliform

CFU/g

IS5401 Part 1 19 x 102 14 x 102 23 x 102 21 x 102 15 x 102 18 x 102


6 6 | P a g e 2019

Results and Discussion The pH indicates that the marine sediment in the study areas are basic in nature, with the pH varying in the range of 7.99 to 8.63 (RMS) & 8.25 to 8.42 (BCS). The Iron was observed in the range of 1714 to 3254 mg/kg (RMS) & 2547 to 3698 mg/kg (BCS).

The Total Zinc values are in the range of 225 to 398 mg/kg (RMS) & 207 to 358 mg/kg (BCS) indicating that soils have very high Zinc levels. The Total Manganese values are in the range of 236 to 474 mg/kg (RMS) & 158 to 287 mg/kg (BCS) indicating that soil sediment have an average Manganese level.

b) Kosasthalaiyar River and Buckingham canal Water sample The results of Kosasthalaiyar River & Buckingham canal water samples are given in Table 4.18.


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Table 4.18 - Water sample Results

S. No Parameter Unit Test Method

Results

RMS 1 RMS 2 RMS 3

RMS 4

RMS 5

RMS 6

RMS 7

RMS 8

RMS 9

RMS 10

RMS 11

RMS 12

1 Temperature °C APHA 22nd Edn (2012)- 2550B 26.6 27.1 25.8 28 27.9 28 26.6 27.5 27.4 28.1 27.6 26.9

2 Salinity %0 APHA 22nd Edn (2012)- Electrometric Method 30.4 30.6 31.2 31.7 31.6 32.3 32 31.8 31.2 30.9 31.5 32.2

3 pH - IS:3025:Part-11:1983 (Reaff:2012) Electrometric Method

7.88 7.96 7.88 7.95 7.98 7.92 8.10 7.95 7.97 8.03 7.82 7.93

4 TSS mg/L IS:3025:Part-17:1984 (Reaff:2012) 12 9 7 8 6 11 7 8 8 9 7 13

5 Turbidity mg/L IS:3025:Part-10:1984 (Reaff:2012) 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 3 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.1 2 3.3 2.9

6 Dissolve Oxygen mg/L IS:3025:Part-38:1989

(Reaff:2014) 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.3

7 BOD mg/L IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2014) 2.2 2.2 2.1 <2 2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 2.1 2.2

Nutrients

1 Nitrite as NO2 mg/L APHA 22nd Edn (2012) -

4500-NO2-B. 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.04 0.08

2 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L APHA 22nd Edn (2012)-

4500-NO3- B 4.3 3.7 3.2 3.1 2.88 3.2 4 3.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.4

3 Phosphate as PO4 mg/L

IS:3025:Part-31:1988 (Reaff:2014)

0.43 0.41 0.32 0.24 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.28 0.24 0.32

4 Total Nitrogen as N

mg/L APHA 22nd Edn (2012)- 4500- Norg B 6.3 5.8 4.3 5.2 6.4 5.2 6.1 5.1 4.8 6.11 5.23 4.74

5 Silica as SiO2 mg/L IS:3025:Part-35:1988(Reaff:2014) 3.5 2.9 2.6 1.98 1.75 2.11 2.36 1.94 2.54 2.87 2.87 3.11


6 8 | P a g e 2019


RMS 1 RMS 2 RMS 3 RMS 4 RMS 5 RMS 6 RMS 7 RMS 8 RMS 9 RMS 10

RMS 11 RMS 12

1 Iron as Fe mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.38 0.27 0.25 0.30 0.26 0.40 0.26 0.41 0.32 0.43 0.27 0.31

2 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.32 0.41 0.28 0.41 0.22 0.33 0.45 0.21 0.36 0.29 0.18 0.25

3 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 22ND

EDN -3111B 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.08 BDL (<0.05)

BDL (<0.05)

BDL (<0.05) 0.05 0.10 0.05 BDL

(<0.05) BDL

(<0.05)

4 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.03 BDL

(<0.01) 0.01 BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01) 0.02 BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) 0.02 BDL (<0.01)

5 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 22ND

EDN -3111B BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01))

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

6 Nickel as Ni mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

7 Chromium as Cr mg/L APHA 22ND

EDN -3111B BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03) BDL

(<0.03)


mg/L APHA 22nd EDN-6440 B

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.00

1)

BDL (<0.001

) Microbial Population in Water


CFU/ ml

IS1622:1881 RA 2014 22X103 15X103 8X103 13X103 9X103 17X103 10X103 7X103 5X103 14X103 21X103 16 X103

2 Total Coliform MPN/ 100 ml

IS1622:1881 RA 2014 1600 900 240 350 900 170 500 280 1100 500 900 1400

3 Faecal Coliform

MPN/ 100 ml

IS1622:1881 RA 2014 80 33 17 23 80 14 40 26 80 33 60 40


6 9 | P a g e 2019

S. No Parameter Unit Test Method

Results

BCS 1 BCS 2 BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 5 BCS 6

1 Temperature °C APHA 22nd Edn (2012)- 2550B 28.4 27.5 27.1 28.4 26.9 27.5

2 Salinity %0 APHA 22nd Edn (2012)- Electrometric Method

28.3 27.5 28.5 27.2 27.4 28.2

3 pH - IS:3025:Part-11:1983 (Reaff:2012) Electrometric Method

7.78 7.69 7.93 7.32 7.84 7.71

4 Total Suspended Solids

mg/L IS:3025:Part-17:1984 (Reaff:2012) 18 15 19 15 21 14

5 Turbidity mg/L IS:3025:Part-10:1984 (Reaff:2012) 4.5 5.8 6 5.5 4.8 6.7

6 Dissolve Oxygen mg/L IS:3025:Part-38:1989

(Reaff:2014) 4.8 4.6 4.7 5 4.9 5.1

7 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand

mg/L IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2014) 2.8 2.7 2 2.4 2.3 2

Nutrients

1 Nitrite as NO2 mg/L APHA 22nd Edn (2012) - 4500-NO2-B. 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.15

2 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L APHA 22nd Edn

(2012)-4500-NO3- B 6.54 7.14 5.69 7.15 6.98 5.14

3 Phosphate as PO4 mg/L

IS:3025:Part-31:1988 (Reaff:2014)

0.36 0.29 0.41 0.33 0.41 0.36

4 Total Nitrogen as N mg/L APHA 22nd Edn

(2012)- 4500- Norg B 8.52 9.63 9.14 7.63 8.52 8.63

5 Silica as SiO2 mg/L IS:3025:Part-35:1988(Reaff:2014) 7.24 6.32 5.36 6.52 4.74 5.36


7 0 | P a g e 2019


BCS 1 BCS 2 BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 5 BCS 6

1 Iron as Fe mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.38 0.45 0.32 0.49 0.33 0.52

2 Zinc as Zn mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.82 0.64 0.71 0.54 0.73 0.94

3 Manganese as Mn mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.09 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.06

4 Lead as Pb mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B 0.04 BDL (<0.01) 0.03 BDL

(<0.01) BDL

(<0.01) 0.04

5 Cadmium as Cd mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

BDL (<0.01)

6 Nickel as Ni mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

BDL (<0.02)

7 Chromium as Cr mg/L APHA 22ND EDN -3111B BDL (<0.03)

BDL (<0.03)

BDL (<0.03)

BDL (<0.03)

BDL (<0.03)

BDL (<0.03)

8 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon mg/L APHA 22nd EDN-6440 B BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001) BDL

(<0.001)

Microbial Population in Water


CFU/ ml IS1622:1881 RA 2014 31 X104 27X104 14X104 16X104 13X104 20X104

2 Total Coliform MPN/ 100 ml IS1622:1881 RA 2014 26 X 102 21X 102 14X 102 14X 102 23X 102 16X 102

3 Faecal Coliform MPN/ 100 ml IS1622:1881 RA 2014 240 170 110 140 80 220


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a) Phytoplankton

Plankton samples were collected by using Plankton net of 20 [tm]. The diameter of the mouth of net is 40 cm and length is 100 cm. The speed of net towed was restricted to <5 knots. The collected sample was filtered through net and was stored in sterile

bottle, after preserving the same with the addition of Lugol solution. The volume of water was determined by using following formula: V = r2.d

Where: V = Volume of water filtered through net. r = Radius at the mouth of the net.

d = Distance through which the net towed. The collected samples The diversity of plankton species was evaluated by the most widely used Shannon Diversity Index. The formula for the calculation of the Shannon diversity index is

given below: S H = Σ - (Pi * ln Pi)

i=1 Where: H = the Shannon diversity index

P, = fraction of the entire population made up of species i S = number of species encountered E = sum from species `1' to species‘s’

The list of Phytoplankton species identified along study area are given in Table 4.19.


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Table 4.19 - Occurrence of Phytoplankton species along study area

Sl.No

Family/Species

RMS 1

RMS 2

RMS 3

RMS 4

RMS 5

RMS 6

RMS 7

RMS 8

RMS 9

RMS 10

RMS 11

RMS 12

BCS 1

BCS 2

BCS 3

BCS 4

BCS 5

BCS 6

1

Amphiprora

gigantean

X X X X X X X X X X X

2 Asterophalus

cleveanus

X X

3 Bacteriastrum hyalinu

m X X X X X X

X

4 Belleroc

hea heteroc

eros X X X X X

X

5 Belleroc

hea malleus

X X X X X X X

6 Biddulp

hia aurita

X X X X X X

7 Biddulp

hia sinensis

X X X X X X X

8 Chaetoc

erus danicus

X X X X X X X X X X

X

9

Chaetocerus

didymus

X X X X X X X X X X

X

10 Chaetocerus X X


7 3 | P a g e 2019

lorenzienus

11 Climacosphenia elongat

e X X X X X X

12 Coscinodiscus

eccentricus

X X X X X X

13 Coscinodiscus gigus

X X X X X X X

14 Coscinodiscus margin

atus X X X X X X X X X

X

15 Coscinodiscus

radiatus

X X X X X X X

X

16 Fragila

ria oceanic

a X X X X X X X

X

17 Planktoniella

sol X X X X X X X

X

18 Pleuros

igma carinat

um X X X X X X X X

19 Rhizoso

lenia castrac

anei X X X

20 Synedr

a formosa

X X X X X X X


7 4 | P a g e 2019

represents presence of species & ‘X‘ represents absence of species

21

Thalassiosira

anguista

X X X

22 Thalassiosira

subtilis X X X X X X

23 Tricerat

ium reticula

tum X X X X X

24 Dinophyceae

Ceratium furca

X X X X X

25 Ceratiu

m trichoce

ros X X X X

26 Prorocentrum micans

X X X X X X

27

Protoperidiniu

m diabolu

m

X X X X


7 5 | P a g e 2019

Sl.No

Family/ Species

RMS 1

RMS 2 RMS 3 RMS 4 RMS 5 RMS

6 RMS

7 RMS

8 RMS 9 RMS 10 RMS 11

RMS 12 BCS 1 BCS

2 BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 5 BCS 6

1 Amphiprora gigantean 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 12.2 11.5 10.93 12.1 0 6.2 0 1.0 1.1

2 Asterophalus cleveanus

10.55 14 16.26 13.56 9.27 11.3 4.9 0 0 9.87 8.45 8 8 9.6 3.2 0 2.5 0

3 Bacteriastrum hyalinum 0 0 0 12.65 11 0 0 3.56 10.56 11.5 12.5 10.2 10.31 0 1.2 3.1 2.3 1.2

4 Bellerochea heteroceros 0 9.1 8.29 0 7.86 6.9 9.3 0 0 7.56 8.61 6.69 6.56 0 1.8 2.4 2.6 1.6

5 Bellerochea malleus 0 0 0 0 0 4.65 3.6 9 0 2.6 3.2 4 3.7 0 2.4 2.3 0 2.1

6 Biddulphia aurita 5.87 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 6.3 3.3 3 5.31 4.55 0 3.1 2.4 1.2 3.2

7 Biddulphia sinensis 0 0 6.6 5.96 6.15 0 0 2 0 0 4.6 6.2 0 7.1 2.3 2.8 2.0 3.7

8 Chaetocerus danicus 0 6 0 0 0 3.7 0 3.02 0 2 0 0 0 0 2.2 3.1 14.9 4.0

9 Chaetocerus didymus 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.2 8.89 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 0 1.6 2.0

10 Chaetocerus lorenzienus 1.35 3.8 5.8 3.69 6 9.7 5.2 4.6 0 0 6 3.8 5.3 6.07 1.3 0 1.1 2.3

11 Climacosphenia elongate 1 0 0 0 0 0 4.06 2.3 3.2 1.8 2.6 0 1.6 3.1 1.8 0 0 2.9

12 Coscinodiscus eccentricus 1.75 0 0 3.89 4.56 0 3.6 0 0 4.2 4 0 3.7 4.8 1.4 1.1 0 1.2

13 Coscinodiscus gigus 3.27 0 0 2.88 3.23 0 2 0 3.2 0 0 2.65 0 3 1.3 1.0 2.1 0

14 Coscinodiscus marginatus 2.85 0 2.9 0 0 7.56 20.3

4 0 0 5.6 6.25 0 0 0 2.2 1.8 2.0 0

15 Coscinodiscus radiatus 2.47 0 0 0 3.02 4.56 4.32 4.2 0 0 0 5 0 0 .3.1 0 1.1 0

16 Fragilaria oceanica 1.77 7.6 3.6 3.48 3.5 3.78 3.15 0 5.56 3 0 0 0 0 3.6 2.1 2.1 1.2


7 6 | P a g e 2019

17 Planktoniella sol 4.9 1.48 0 0 0 12.5 2.55 0 0 2.96 12 8.63 0 .0 2.3 0 1.3

18 Pleurosigma carinatum 31 0 19.8 0 0 5.68 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.55 0 1.2 3.1 1.2

19 Rhizosolenia castracanei 4 0 0 6.75 4.45 4.05 4.5 4.37 0 2.3 4.59 6.23 5.11 4.65 0 0 2.8 0

20 Synedra formosa 0.7 5.2 3.8 3.78 3.06 0 0 0 5.55 0 5.6 0 0 3 1.4 0 2.0 0

21 Thalassiosira anguista 4.8 0 3.6 6.4 5.55 5 3.5 0 6.11 6 5.23 0 4.85 4 1.7 0 2.1 0

22 Thalassiosira subtilis 2.7 3.1 0 0 0 0 0 6.58 4.12 5 0 6.23 5.7 7 0 1.3 2.2 1.4

23 Triceratium reticulatum 2.6 0 0 3.2 3.3 0 0 6.2 4.25 7.1 6.88 0 3.9 5.3 1.3 1.7 0 1.6

24 Dinophyceae Ceratium furca

2.35 2.98 0 0 0 4 7.8 6.5 8.56 9.21 0 0 4.5 9.1 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.3

25 Ceratium trichoceros 0.7 5.3 3.8 3.90 3.11 0 0 0 5.55 0 5.20 1.23 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.4 2.0

26 Prorocentrum micans 4.8 7 3.65 4.05 4.68 0 3 1.49 0 2 0 0 5.33 5 2.1 0 0 1.2

27 Protoperidinium diabolum

6.5 5.6 0 0 0 4 4.55 2.5 0 0 0 0 2.98 3.52 0 0 1.1 3.0

b) Zooplankton

Sample collection was carried out in the similar method as that of the Phytoplankton. The result of the zooplankton analysis is tabulated in Table 4.20 & 4.21.


7 7 | P a g e 2019

Table 4.20 - Abundance and group richness of Zooplankton Station Cell Count Nos.x 104/L Total

Species Dominant Groups

RMS 1 13.2 14 Asterophalus, Coscinodiscus RMS 2 18 16 Coscinodiscus, Thallassiosira

RMS 3 12 14 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus

RMS 4 15 16 Coscinodiscus, Thallassiosira

RMS 5 18 16 Thallassiosira, Asterophalus


RMS 7 10 12 Coscinodiscus, Asterophalus



RMS 10 22 24 Thallassiosira, Asterophalus RMS 11 23 22 Thallassiosira, Asterophalus RMS 12 32 31 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus BCS 1 20 18 Thallassiosira, Chaetocerus

BCS 2 23 16 Thallassiosira, Chaetocerus



BCS 5 18 24 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus BCS 6 19 15 Thallassiosira, Chaetocerus

Station Cell Count Nos.x 104/L Total Species

Dominant Groups

RMS 1 13.2 14 Asterophalus, Coscinodiscus RMS 2 18 16 Coscinodiscus, Thallassiosira



RMS 5 18 16 Thallassiosira, Asterophalus


RMS 7 10 12 Coscinodiscus, Asterophalus





7 8 | P a g e 2019

RMS 11 18 26 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus RMS 12 14 15 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus BCS 1 20 18 Thallassiosira, Chaetocerus

BCS 2 13 18 Coscinodiscus, Chaetocerus BCS 3 23 16 Thallassiosira, Chaetocerus





7 9 | P a g e 2019

Table 4.21- Occurrence and Percentage Composition of Zooplankton Species Sl. No

Groups RMS 1 RMS

2 RMS

3 RMS

4 RMS

5 RMS

6 RMS

7 RMS

8 RMS

9 RMS 10

RMS 11

RMS 12 BCS 1 BCS 2 BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 5 BCS 6

1 Amphipoda

X X X

2 Chaetognatha X X

3 Copepoda

4 Fish Larvae

5 Foraminifera

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6 Gastrop

oda X X X X X X X

7 Hydromedusa

X X X X X

8 Isopoda X X X X X X X X X X X

X

9 Lamelli

branchs X X X X X X X X X X

X X

10 Mysida X X X X X X X

X

11 Ostracoda X X X X X X

X X

X

12 Siphonophora X X X X X X X X X X

X

13 Stomatopoda X X X X X X X X

X

X

represents presence of species & ‘X‘ represents absence of species


8 0 | P a g e 2019

Sl. No

Groups RMS

1 RMS

2 RMS

3 RMS

4 RMS

5 RMS

6 RMS

7 RMS

8 RMS

9 RMS

10 RMS

11 RMS

12 BCS

1 BCS

2 BCS

3 BCS

4 BCS 5 BC6

1 Amphipoda 0 6 5.8 0 5.3 0 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.6 6.7 4.8 2.2 3.7 2.3 0

2 Chaetognatha 3.5 3.3 3.91 3.87 6.8 2.6 0 5.58 3.8 0 3.9 3.9 5.56 4.4 1.3 2.4 2.5 0

3 Copepoda 31.8 35.2 52.84 50.9 49.91 48.6 49.7 52.69 55.62 43.8 45.3 48.5 55.88 53.9 0 0 3.1 1.3

4 Fish Larvae 5 9.8 8.95 7.9 8.82 9.4 6.8 9.81 7.93 9.62 9.8 9.1 8.82 9.1 1 1.3 0 1.8

5 Foraminifera 0 0 0 0 10.8 0 0 7.87 0 0 6.25 0 0 0 3.2 1.9 1.8 .2.1

6 Gastropoda 9.15 0 9.46 0 0 0 6 0 0 7.9 0 7.1 12.86 8.2 4.2 2.1 2.4 2.6

7 Hydromedusa 0 6.34 0 4.32 0 7.48 0 6.56 9.26 0 4.12 6.56 7.77 6.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 3.1

8 Isopoda 0 0 0 5.78 0 0 8.56 0 0 6.44 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 1.8 0

9 Lamellibranchs 0 0 0 7.08 0 0 0 8.65 0 0 3.58 4.22 0 0 0 1.8 2.3 0

10 Mysida 14.34 15 16.49 0 0 0 14.65 0 0 0 10 3.45 0 0 3.1 0 2.2 0 11 Ostraco

da 15.16 0 0 16.85 13.56 13.16 0 0 0 9.33 5.04 6.25 0 7.16 4.5 0 2.1 2.1

12 Siphonophora 15 16.67 0 0 0 16.6 0 0 15.32 10.46 0 0 0 0 0 4.2 1.6 2.2

13 Stomatopoda 6.02 7.65 0 0 0 0 8.35 0 0 7.63 7.36 6.21 0 5.02 1.7 3.1 2.3 0


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4.13 Socio-Economic Environment The study of socio- economic components of environment incorporates various

features viz., demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education, medical facilities, drinking water facilities, post, telegraph and telephone facilities, communication facilities, recreational, cultural facilities, approach to

villages etc. The study of these parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to the proposed project activity in that region. The study area lies within the Tiruvallur District. The District spreads over an area

of about 3422 Sq.kms. As per District wise Census 2011, the total population of Tiruvallur District is 37,28,104, out of which 18,76,062 are male and 18,52,042 are female. The Total Literate Population of District is 27, 91, 721, out of which The literacy level is 84.03 % and the total literate population is 27,91,721, out of which

14,95,711 are male and 12,96,010 are female. The administrative division of Tiruvallur is given in Table 4.22 and villages found in the study area are listed in Table 4.23.

Figure 4.14 –District Categorization of Blocks


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Table 4.22 - Administrative Division of District

S.No. Division Tiruvallur

1. Revenue

4 2. Taluks 9 3. Blocks 14 4. Municipalities 5 5. Revenue

820

Table 4.23 - Habitation found within the Study Area Habitation

Ariyalur Kalpakkam Arumandai Karungali Attipattu Kattoor Attipattu Pudu

Kattupalli

Devadanam Kosapur Edayanchavadi Manali Elandancheri Minjur Ennore Nayur Kadapakkam Nappalayam Kalanji Kalpakkam Karungali Seemapuram Kattoor Somanjeri Kattupalli Talanguppam Kosapur Thangalperumbala

Manali Thathamanji Minjur Tondiarapet Nayur Vannipakkam Nappalayam Vichoor


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The data on baseline status of the study and basic information about the socio-economic profile has also been collected during the site visit and from secondary

sources. 4.13.1 Demography The summary of the demography profile of habitations surveyed in and around the

proposed project site is given in Table 4.24. Table 4.24 - Summary of Demographic Profile of Habitation within the Study Area

S.No Name of the Habitation

Total no. of Households

Population Literate Total Population,

2011 (Projected)

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1. Ariyalur 3

878 876 1754 *DNA *DNA *DNA 2,

2. Arumandai 2

606 583 1189 *DNA *DNA *DNA 1,

3. Attipattu 3

739 736 1,475 *DNA *DNA *DNA 1,

4. Attipattu Pudu

*DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA -

5. Kattoor 804 1762 1732 3,494 1255 940 2195 4,

6. Kattupalli 230 430 475 905 157 111 268 1,

7. Kosapur 92 183 205 388 131 98 229 44

8. Manali 6886 15080 13517 28597 11745 8728 20473 33,0 9. Minjur 5243 11947 11795 23742 9578 7886 17464 27,

10. Seemapuram 2

467 501 968 348 291 639 1,

11. Somanjeri 1

394 391 785 182 135 317 9

12. Thangalperum

3

689 695 1384 324 197 521 1,

13. Thathamanji 1

429 418 847 284 202 486 9

14. Tondiarpet *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA *DNA - 15. Vannipakkam 3

630 649 1279 *DNA *DNA *DNA 1,

16. Vichoor 1,024 2,164 2,235 4,399 1486 1132 2618 5,

Total 16,826 35,968 34,808 47,464 25,490 19,720 45,210 82,

*DNA: Data Not Available

(Source: Census of India, 2001)


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5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 Introduction

Environmental Impact can be defined as “any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration”. Generally, environmental

impacts can be classified as primary or secondary impacts. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which are induced by primary impacts and include the associated investments and

changed patterns of the social and economic activities by the action. This section identifies and assesses the potential changes in the environment that could be expected from the proposed project. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed activities assuming that the impact due to the existing activities has already

been covered under base line environmental monitoring and continue to remains same till the operation of the project. The proposed project activities would create impact on the environment in the phase i.e., construction phases. Impacts are

identified, predicted and evaluated based on the analysis of the information collected from the following: Project information (as discussed in Chapter-2) and

Baseline information and site visits of the study area (as discussed in Chapter-4) This section also describes mitigation measures, which have been suggested for the adverse impacts likely to be caused due to activities of both construction and

operation phase of the project. The identification of likely impacts during construction phases of the proposed project has been done based on likely activities having their impact on one or another environmental parameters. The details of the activities and

their impacts have been worked out in the following sections. 5.2 Likely Potential Impacts The proposed rail line will result in some minimal impacts to the biophysical and

socio-economic environment especially at settlement clusters of the project. The


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project activities such as leveling, clearing of vegetation, felling of trees, construction of culverts on rivers, and other related operations are expected to cause

environmental impacts (Positive/Negative). Many Impacts can be avoided or minimized through the implementation of mitigation measures in design and construction.

5.3 Impacts Identified Based on activity – impact interaction matrix for construction phase of the proposed project as shown in Table 5.1, following impacts have been identified:

Construction phase of proposed project would have impacts on the followings: i. Topography, Land use pattern and Landscape ii. Land / Soil Environment iii. Surface / Ground Water Resources

iv. Water Quality v. Ambient Air Quality vi. Ambient Noise Quality

vii. Biological Resources viii. Cultural Resources ix. Socio-economic

x. Safety of workers


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Table 5.1- Activity Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase Construction phase Potential impacts

Main Activities Sub Activities

Land

use

La

ndsc

ape

Land

/Soi

l en

viro

nmen

t Su

rfac

e

Gro

und

wat

er

W

ater

Qua

lity

Air

Qua

lity

Solid

was

te

gene

ratio

n Am

bien

t Noi

se

leve

l Tr

affic

and

tr

ansp

ort

Reso

urce

use

(E

nerg

y)

Ecol

ogy

Soci

o –

econ

omic

Cu

lture

/ H

erita

ge

Agr

icul

ture

in

the

surr

ound

ings

Site Preparation

Site Clearing & Cleaning Ground leveling Waste handling and its transportation Soil Compaction

Labour deployment camp siting

Construction of Labour sheds to accommodate labour Supply of water Supply of fuel/ Energy Waste handling & its disposal Sewage disposal

Excavation Moving of Heavy Machinery Soil Extraction and Slacking Soil Loading and Transportation for Disposal Various Tools Like Crow Bar Foundations for heavy machinery installation Construction Power through onsite Diesel Generators

Material handling & Storage

Transportation and Unloading of material from trucks Storage &Handling of steel sheets, metals, Fabricated structure, Cement, Concrete, Bricks, Steel etc. Conveyance of material within the project site


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Bridge construction

Transportation of material to construction site Preparation/ Mixing of construction material Supply of water Operation of construction machinery (like cranes, Concrete Mix Plant, Floor Developer, Forklift etc.,) Handling and disposal of construction wastes , Diesel Generator Operation

Demobilization of construction equipment

Dismantling of temporary support construction structures/ equipments Removal of construction machinery Transportation of Construction/ Dismantled waste Site cleaning/ washings

5.3.1 Impacts on Air Environment

Construction Phase

• Most of the dust (suspended particulate matter) during construction arises from operations such as excavation and filling during site preparation works, loading, unloading and transportation of construction material, drilling use of heavy equipments and machinery in the earthworks and pavement works.

• Traffic Movement at the site on the connecting areas will rest in increase in vehicular emissions.

• Construction vehicles will also contribute to SOx, NOx during construction stage. Dust will be an issue, especially during the construction period. Some sources include:

• Dust is produced particularly in the handling and storage of aggregated and the bitumen/aggregate mixing

process to produce asphalt and though vehicle traffic over unpaved roadways.


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• Quarrying activities including excavation and crushing of construction materials; transportation of raw materials from quarries and borrow sites to the construction area; site clearance (excavation) and the use of heavy vehicle and

machinery/equipments; Asphalt plants produce a hot mix from different sizes of aggregates and bitumen at a desirable temperature.

Mitigation Measures: • Heavy machineries used for the project will be less, hence impacts on ambient

air quality due to vehicular emissions will be insignificant.

• Provision is made available for water sprays to be used when dusts are being generated. All materials stored or stockpiled on project site will be adequately

covered, and vehicles leaving the site should pass through wheel washes where practicable.

• While transporting construction materials, they can be sprinkled with water and

covered with tarpaulin during the construction stage. Road metal/material from the crushing units purchased should approved by the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).

• Crusher and hot mix units, if used on site, should be equipped with requisite air pollution equipment to meet the standard prescribed by the MoEF and SPCB.

• Dust from quarry and asphalt plants cannot be avoided. However, dust impacts to residents, communities and habitats within the study area can be avoided by

procuring construction materials from existing and licensed facilities outside the study area. Increase in dust levels at the site of construction will be carefully controlled through the liberal application of water.

• Vehicle used during construction meet established specification for exhaust emissions, and that they are maintained throughout the construction period.

5.3.2 Impacts during Noise Environment Construction Phase

• Noise levels may increase during construction activity, due to operation of various machines and equipments.


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• During the construction phase, the major sources of noise pollution will be movement of vehicles transporting construction materials to construction yards and the noise generated by activities at the yard itself.

• Concrete mixing, casting and material movement are primary noise generating activities in the yard which will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period.

Mitigation Measures

• Noise barriers can be provided. Specifications for the installation of noise protection devices, clearly indicating the location, design and material, and also provide for future maintenance requirements should be provided.

• Contractor will be advised to provide earplugs to workers to reduce the impact of noise and follow guidelines prescribed by CPCB.

• The noisy construction operations and their duration will be scheduled in such

a way to prevent night time activities.

• All construction equipments used for an 8-hour shift will conform to a standard of less than 90 dB. If required, machinery producing high noise such as concrete mixers, generators etc, must be provided with noise shields.

5.3.3 Impacts on Water Environment Construction Phase

• Ground water degradation can take place when contaminants are leached

through surface soils into the ground water table.

• Contaminants such as fuel and engine oil handled in the construction staging area and during equipment re-fuelling at construction areas can cause ground

water contamination if spilled onto the ground and not properly cleaned up.

• Poorly installed sanitary facilities can also result in contamination.

• The possibility of water quality degradation in downstream water courses or water bodies due to soil runoff from the bare lands resulting from earth-moving

activities, such as cutting and filling should be indicated.


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Discharge of waste water generated at the temporary project offices and

temporary housing area for construction workers can have an impact.

Increased water runoff and erosion from work sites could potentially result in

siltation of downstream water courses and drainage systems.

Construction of the copper dam will potentially disrupt the natural flow of the

River.

Mitigation Measures

Fuel management and vehicle maintenance will be controlled to ensure that

spills are minimized.

Adverse impacts on water quality will be minimized by ensuring that erosion

control measures such as silt traps are put in place in all work areas near

watercourse crossings or drainage channels.

The quality of all drainage channels and ditches will be monitored and

corrective actions taken where turbidity is unacceptably and stockpiles will

be controlled to prevent uncontrolled runoff/erosion.

Concrete and asphalt plants, equipment storage and maintenance areas will

be located at a reasonable distance away from watercourses.

Coffer dams will be constructed by filling earth over the water body duly

providing with hume pipes in river and channel without any disturbance of

water flow. After completion of construction activity, the coffer dam and other

construction debris will be removed ensuring restoration of river & channel

bed.

5.3.4 Impact on Heritage or Cultural Aspects in Construction Phase

There are no historical monuments and structures in the proposed area and

insignificant impact is envisaged from the proposed project on heritage or cultural

aspects in the study area.

5.3.5 Impacts on Biological Environment

Construction Phase

During construction activity the fauna may get disrupt.

During site clearance the existing shrubs will be removed.


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The mangrove areas which get affected during the construction activity will be around 23 trees of 20 sq.m.

Mitigation Measures

The proposed project involves only piling construction activity near water

bodies and hence less impact will be there for any fauna living under water

bodies.

In compensation to that, three times of mangrove plantation (69 trees) will

be done at the nearby mangrove areas.

5.3.6 Impacts on Geology and Soils

Construction Phase

Impact of the project construction leading to soil contamination, soil erosion,

destabilization of slopes, side- tipping of spoil materials, loss of properties,

loss of fertile lands and diversion of natural surface water flows are to be

studied in detail.

Possibility of the proposed project adversely affecting traffic in the

surrounding areas needs to be assessed.

Spillage of oil and lubricants during the construction phase may degrade

the soil quality.

Mitigation Measures

Concrete and asphalt plants to be deployed for the project will be

established at suitable distances from sensitive from sensitive area such as

educational institutions and residential areas.

Soil contamination will be limited through the establishment of

management procedures that prevent spillage. It is particularly important

that equipment storage/maintenance areas are redesigned and operated in

accordance with environmental procedures, established in the Environment

Management Plan. Similar procedures have been established for the

development and operation of concrete and asphalt plants.

Mitigation Measures of Traffic Congestion

Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement.


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Proper signage should provide detailed information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be available, ideally well in advance of actual

construction. Mitigation measures for Existing Utility Services

• Identify the common utilities to be affected such as: telephone cables. Electric cables, electric poles, water pipelines, public tabs, etc.

• Affected utilities shall be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts.

• Provide advance notice (not less than 10 working days) to affected parties. The advance notice shall be in the form of written notice and a grievance redressal

cell shall be established for timely addressing of grievances. 5.3.7 Safety in Construction Phase

• Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent the accidents and from the

machineries. All machines used will conform to the relevant Indian Standards code.

• Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting will be provided to avoid

collapse of soil.

• Barricading of construction site / manholes at all times in a day with adequate signage.

• Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of

materials like cement, concrete etc.


• Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation.



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• The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and

adhered to.


Safety from Snake Bites The proposed project site will be located across Kosasthalaiyar River and Buckingham Canal near Ennore Port. The canal inside and bund area, shrubs and

bushes are present near the project alignment, hence snakes may be present in this area. Safety precaution to avoid snake bites

• Wear appropriate over-the-ankle hiking boots, thick socks, and loose-fitting long pants.

• Not to provide hiding places to snakes in construction material storage places.

• Avoid construction work in night time.

• Wear leather gloves during working in grass, weeds and heavy underbrush.

• If identify any snake in work place inform to Forest Department official. First Aid

If bitten by a snake DO NOT:

• Do not make incisions over the bite wound.

• Do not restrict blood flow by applying a tourniquet

• Do not ice the wound.

• Do not suck the poison out with your mouth.


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DO • Stay calm

• Wash the bite area gently with soap and water if available

• Remove watches, rings, etc., which may constrict swelling

• Immobilize the affected area

• Keep the bite below the heart if possible

• Transport safely to the nearest medical facility immediately.

Facility for Workers Basic facilities such as toilet, drinking water, electricity health, eye shower, first aid facility and safety gadgets, personal protective equipments (Safety Glasses, Splash-

proof Goggles, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Safety Shoes or Boots and Respirators) for chemicals and sludge handling will be provided at the Treatment Plant.

Other item of safety equipment should include

First aid kits (b) stretchers (c) fire extinguishers, (d) Gas and fire alarms, (e) portable combustible gas indicators, (f) hose and gas makes, (g) emergency portable lights, (h) an oxygen efficiency indicator.

5.4 Social Environment During implementation of the proposed project adequate measures will be undertaken based on the observations specific to the alignment of the pumping main.

1. It is observed that there are few common utilities like telephone cables, Electrical cables, and Water lines seen in the project area which will be shifted during construction and then replaced after the completion of work.

2. Construction will be taken place phase wise so that sections are available for smooth flow of traffic.

3. Sprinkling of water on the construction materials could minimize dust problem. 4. Communication and power interruption problems could be minimized by getting

proper coordination from the respective institutions. Traffic could be regulated by putting caution board at appropriate locations and informing the concerned authorities.


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6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Introduction

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to manage environmental impacts from the proposed project. It is site specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the environment. Site specific EMP is formulated to mitigate significant adverse

environmental impacts that are identified and quantified in the process of baseline and impact assessment. An EMP also ensures that the resources are utilized to maximum extent, waste generation is minimized, residuals treated adequately and

by-products are recycled to the extent possible.

6.2 Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Pre – construction, construction and

operation phase is given under Table 6.1.


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Table 6.1- Environmental Management Plan

S.N

Potential Negative Impacts

Mitigation Measures Responsible Agencies

Monitoring

Agencies PRE-CONSTRUCTION

1 Assessment of Environmental

Parameters

Baseline parameters for Air, Water, Noise and Soil have been assessed prior to commencement of work.


2 Clearances

from various Department

IWAI, CRZ and labour license required during construction will be ensured and made available before start of work. During construction, the permits obtained by the contractor shall be periodically examined and validity be ensured. This includes the Consent for the Batching plants from where the contractor sources the concrete, Labour License, insurances etc.


3 Utility

Relocation

Common utilities to be affected such as: electric cables, pipelines, will be identified and will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

4 Mangroves plantation

The mangrove areas which get affected during the construction activity will be around 23 trees of 20 sq.m. In compensation to that, three times of mangrove plantation (69 trees) will be done at the nearby mangrove areas.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

CONSTRUCTION

1

Planning of temporary

traffic arrangements

Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide detailed information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be available, ideally well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly. Strategic placement of traffic police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of traffic.



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2

Transportation

of building materials

• Now the trucks are being taken to site after forming temporary approach road from State highway road via Vegetarian 1st main road.

• Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions are covered.

• Trucks carrying sand are provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.

• Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment is avoided during loading and unloading.

• Sprinkling of water (for materials such as blue metal, sand and brick) before unloading to suppress dust generation.

• Adequate care taken to prevent spillage of earth or construction materials offsite and in haul routes. Any such spillage shall be removed immediately, and the area cleaned.


3

Nuisance to neighborhood community

• Materials are transported through the temporary approach road formed without disturbing the neighbourhood community. Supervisors at the site will guide the heavy vehicles carrying materials and machinery to the temporary access road and signage’s if required may be provided.

• Safety barricading is provided while construction of drains near the structures restricting entry to work place and signage’s will be placed. Work site lighting during night where ever required will be provided during implementation. Adequate slope gradient is maintained while strengthening the bund in working in the boundary of the site.

• Storage of materials is done only within the project area in earmarked areas, without disturbing the nearby community.



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• Address any grievance of the community due to construction activities. Boards with details of the committee members and contact details have been provided near the project area.

4

Operation of construction machinery

• All construction vehicles should comply with emission standards and be maintained properly Wind shields should be installed all along the site boundary to abate the dust carry-over to the neighboring areas.

• Use of Ready-mix Concrete wherever possible shall be explored. In the case of use of Concrete Mixer, Concrete Mixer should be mounted on shelter with top and sides closed. Sprinkling of water on metal & sand should be carried out before handling.


5 Chance finds

• Construction contractors to follow these measures in conducting any excavation work

• All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation.

• The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the instructions for dealing with the same.

• Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected;

• Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work .The Engineer will inform State



9 9 | P a g e 2019

Archaeological Department if a find is suspected, and seek direction from ASI prior to recommencing the work.

6 Construction

of labour camps

• Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp).

• The location, layout and basic facility provision of each labour camp will be submitted to Engineer prior to their construction.

• The construction will commence only upon the written approval of the Engineer.

• The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner and as approved by the Engineer.

• All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. The sewage system for the camp must be planned. Adequate health care is to be provided for the work force. The layout of the construction camp and details of the facilities provided will be prepared and will be approved by the Engineer.

• Awareness about HIV/AIDS will be provided, grievance redressal mechanism for the camps, [only suggestion]


7 Safety Aspects

• Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent the accidents and from the machineries. All machines used will conform to the relevant Indian standards Code.

• Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting will be provided to avoid collapse of soil.



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• Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc.


• Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation



• The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and adhered to.


8

Disposal of construction debris and excavated materials

• A suitable site identified for safe disposal, in low lying areas within the project area as approved by the Engineer in charge and to other low lying area in consultation with local body.

• Wastes arising from the construction of regulators shall be safely stored and dispose.


9 Barricading site

The activities would be restricted to project sites and right of way for alignment. Barricading with adequate marking, flags, reflectors etc. will be Contractor IPRCL/

KPL


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provided along the alignment for safety of restricted traffic movement and pedestrians.

10

Clearing of construction camps and restoration

• Contractor to prepare site restoration plans, the plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization.

• On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish cleared, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the contractor’s expenses, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

11 Pollution

from Fuel and Lubricants

• The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel / lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-fuelling sites will be located at least 500m from rivers and irrigation canal / ponds.

• All location and layout plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the Engineer.

• Contractor will ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and re-fuelling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground.

• Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed of in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines.

Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL

12

Pollution from

Construction Wastes

All waste arising from the project is to be disposed of in the manner in consultation with Engineer



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13

Dust Pollution

near settlements

• All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to minimize generation of dust. Area under construction shall be covered & equipped will dust collector.


• Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day.

• Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage.


14

Vehicular noise

pollution at residential/

sensitive receptors.

• Idling of temporary trucks or other equipment is not permitted during periods of loading / unloading or when they are not in active use. The practice must be ensured especially near residential /commercial/ sensitive areas.

• Stationary construction equipment will be kept at least 500m away from sensitive receptors.

• All possible and practical measures to control noise emissions during drilling shall be employed. The Contractor is ensuring adequate controls measures depending on site conditions.


15

Noise from vehicles,

plants and equipment

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced.

• Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regularly monitored in order to keep the noise levels at the minimum.


16 Storage of

construction materials

Construction materials are being stored within the project area, without affecting the traffic and other common utilities by constructing Temporary shed.



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17 Informatory

signs and Hoardings

The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/ safety signs hoardings written in English and local language, wherever required or as suggested by the Engineer

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

18 First Aid

The contractor will arrange for: A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of

sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone.

Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

19 Mangrove Cutting

Construction of such roads passes through any mangrove areas or is likely to damage the mangroves, the mangrove area affected/ destroyed /cut during the construction process shall be taken up for compensatory plantation of minimum three times mangroves.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

20 Risk from Electrical

Equipment

The contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment and ensure that- No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or

inconvenience to any person or the public All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in

construction zones. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standard (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Engineer

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

21 Waste Disposal The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that

these are regularly emptied and disposed of in a hygienic manner as per Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL


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the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Engineer.

Unless otherwise arranged by local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of night soils (human excreta) suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Engineer will have to be provided by the contractor

22 Environmental

Monitoring The water, air, soil and noise quality will be monitored in pre-construction and Construction phase as detailed in Table 6.2.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL SAFETY IN SITES

1 Temporary

flooding due to excavation

Excavation during the construction stage should be carried out with proper drainage arrangements to avoid the overflowing of existing drains. Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL

2 Using of modern

machineries

Using of modern machineries such as JCBs, backhoes etc., will be used to minimize the construction period, it will reduce the construction period impacts to the nearby residents.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

3 Dust pollution

near settlements

All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to minimize generation of dust. Area under construction will be covered & equipped will dust collector.

Construction material will be covered or stored in such a manner so as to avoid being affected by wind direction.

Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day

Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

4 Protection of residential

Noisy construction operations in residential and sensitive areas will be done only between 7.30 am and 6.00 pm

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL


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6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environmental monitoring plan is prepared to check the effectiveness of the mitigation measures during the

construction and operational phases. To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP, an appropriate

environmental monitoring plan is prepared with objectives outlined below:

sensitive receptors

Preventive maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles to meet emission standards and to keep them with low noise

Provision of enclosing generators and concrete mixers at site. Sound barriers in inhabited areas will be installed during the

construction phase. Adequate barricading / other measures to protect dust pollution near

sensitive receptors like schools and hospital etc. to be ensured

5 Safety

precaution for snake bites

Wear appropriate over-the-ankle hiking boots, thick socks, and loose-fitting long pants.

Not to provide hiding places to snakes in construction material storage places. Avoid to construction work in night time.

Wear leather gloves during working in grass, weeds and heavy underbrush.

If identify any snake in work place inform to Forest Department official.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

Operation Phase

1 Stability test Stability test will be carried out of construction of bridge for once in every 6 month.

Contractor IPRCL/

KPL

2 Marine and

Environmental Monitoring

Marine and Environmental monitoring will be conducted in project site. Contractor

IPRCL/ KPL


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• To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in EMP

• To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

• To suggest improvements in management plan

• To satisfy the legal and community obligations

• To respond the unanticipated environmental issues at an early stage and to verify the accuracy of environmental prediction’

At the project level, the vital parameter or performance indicators that will be

monitored during construction and/ or operational phases of the project include:

• Ambient air quality measures such as SO2, CO, NOx and Lead

• Water Quality

• Noise and Vibration levels

Environmental Monitoring Plan of construction phase is given in Table 6.2 and the EMP Cost is given in Table 6.3.

Table 6.2 - Environmental Monitoring Plan Attributes Parameters Frequency Location Responsible Agency

Pre-Construction, Construction & Operation Phase Air

Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Pb (standards as per

CPCB)

Once in 3 month

Project Site Contractor through approved

monitoring agencies

Water Quality

Drinking water standards as per IS

10500:2012.

Once in 3 month


monitoring agencies Marine study

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton

sediments etc.,

Once in 3

month


monitoring agencies Noise Level

Noise level on dB (A) scale noise levels on dB (A) scale (as per MoEF Noise Rulers,

2000)

Once in 3

month


monitoring agencies

Soil Quality

Monitoring of Pb,Oil & Grease (standards

as per TNPCB)

Once in 3

month

Project Site Contractor


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Health All relevant parameters - (BP,

Sugar, chest X-ray, Eye vision, etc.)

Regular check-ups as per Factories

Act

- Contractor

Safety First Aid, replacement of PPE

Regular check-ups

As per Factories Act


Traffic Traffic Management Provision

Regular check-ups


Table 6.3 - EMP Cost Sl.No Description Amount (Rupees in

Lakhs) Construction Phase

1 Utility Shifting 3 2 Physical Barriers for prevent the spread of

suspended sediment 2

3 Traffic Management Provisions, Informatory Signs and Hoardings

1.5

4 Safety equipment and measures 1.5 5 Pollution control measures like water spraying for

dust suppression during 1.5

6 Environmental Monitoring during pre-construction and construction

5.5

7 Suitable toilet facilities (Mobile toilet in construction site and septic tank in labor camp)

1.5

8 Mangrove Plantation ( 69 trees) 3.0

9 Temporary road formation for project site 10

10 Removal of construction waste and soil from project site

2

Total Cost / Annum 30.5 Operation Phase

1 Environmental Monitoring (Marine & terrestrial study)

4.5

2 Stability test 1.5 Total Cost / Annum 6.0


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7. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 General

The proposed doubling of railway line project encompasses the movement of special vehicles between port yards and different industry terminals. It involves installation of railway line and various structures that meet the present and future rail traffic congestions. It is considered necessary to carry out a risk assessment and disaster

management plan for the project and mitigate them. 7.2 Risk Management Plan It is attempted to plan and lay the new railway line following all safety norms.

However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failure of equipment or human errors. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency and

restoration of normalcy at the earliest. A detailed table showing activities during construction and operation phase along with mitigation measures are given in Table 7.1

Table 7.1 - Activities during construction and operation along with Mitigation measures

Issue Hazards and Issues Typical Management and Control Strategies

Fire Protection Property damage, environmental damage

• Firefighting equipment such as fire extinguishers,

• Site clearing (where permitted) • Training and induction • Liaison and consultation with

authorities • Liaison and consultation with

landowners and councils Protection of the Public

Excavations Plant and machinery Access to construction

sites Vehicle access

• Security of plant and equipment • Signage • Barricading and barriers • Traffic management • Notifications and planning


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Hazards associated with welding activities Crossing roads etc.

• Training of personnel • Qualifications of personnel • Security personnel • Identification of high-risk

areas/locations Power lines and Adjacent Infrastructure Including Underground Power

Induced voltage Touch and Step potential Fault currents Electrical storms and

lighting Excavations hitting

services

• Identification of power lines and underground services on Alignment sheets

• Catenary wires and Flagging • Notification to power authorities • Supervision • Working outside Exclusion zones • Procedures for working in storms • Earth mats • Engineering review of work

adjacent to or under power lines • Spotters

Excavations Public, personnel and fauna injury

Traffic hazards Night-time hazards Underground services

such as power, water, telecommunications

Pipe damage

• Barricading and barriers • Notification • Minimize open trench • Procedures and processes to avoid

trench entry • Lighting • Surveillance and/or security • Shoring • Minimize trench depth where

possible Lifting of Materials

Falling objects Swinging objects

• Inspection of equipment • Use of correctly rated equipment • Training • Qualified personnel • Procedures • Minimize required access to height

Site Communication

Lack of understanding of procedures

• Prestart Meetings • Records • Newsletters


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• Toolbox meetings • Committee Meetings and

distribution of minutes • Supervisor Meetings • Hazard reports/alerts

Incident Reporting and Investigations

Lack of learning from incidents

• Reporting procedures • Training and induction • Training for investigators • Records • Investigation processes • Corrective action database/list • Responsibilities assigned

Competency Incidents and injury Inefficient processes Property and

equipment damage

Pre-employment processes • Interview and/or reference checks • On-the-job evaluation of skills • Inductions • Development of skills matrices • Training records • Training programs

Management of Change

Lack of review of implications when changing process and plant

• Procedures • JSAs and JSA review • Review of change implications prior

to implementation • Communication of change • Document control processes • Change control register

Fitness for Work Personnel putting themselves and others at risk

Impaired judgement

• Evaluation of cycle breaks in early stages of project development

• Fit for Work policies • Rehabilitation services • Drug and alcohol testing programs • Provision of exercise facilities • Management of hours of work • Management of extremes of climate • Camp/accommodation • Fatigue minimization measures


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Trip, Slip and Fall Hazards

Uneven ground Access and egress from

plant and vehicles

• PPE, especially appropriate footwear

• Awareness, Lighting, Housekeeping

• OHS Inspections • Use of handrails and ladders

Electrical Equipment

Electric shock • Pre-use inspections • Earthing • Portable RCDs • Housekeeping • Test and tagging program • Tagging and isolation • Resuscitation qualified electrical

personnel • All electric leads kept dry • All electric leads kept insulated • Avoid live work situations • Protect overhead cables • Maintain safe clearances –

exclusion zones Pressure, Air hoses and equipment

Air embolism Eye injuries Flailing equipment

• Safety clips in place • Pre-inspection checks • Hose inspections • Cylinders stored correctly • Pressure gauges checked • Appropriate whip checks (Stainless

steel or ‘stocking’ type) Manual Handling

Crushing injuries Pinch injuries Posture strain Repetitive strain Vibration Hand tools Power tools Load handling

• Manual handling training • PPE – gloves • Hand and power tool training • Load handling – team lifting • Mechanical devices • Team lifting


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7.3 Disaster Management Plan Natural disasters will occur. It can neither be predicted nor prevented. The problem

before us is how to cope with them, minimizing the impact. Project site might witness havoc by cyclones and storm surge in the coastal regions, earthquakes, monsoon, floods, and the Tsunami hit. One of the main objectives is to reduce the risk of loss of human life and property and to reduce costs to the society. We have to recognize that

in such cases of natural disasters, we deal with phenomena of enormous magnitude that cannot be controlled by any direct means of human intervention. But what we try to do is to reduce the impact on the human beings and property.

Natural hazard means the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area of a potentially damaging natural phenomenon. Natural hazard prone areas mean the areas likely to have (i)moderate to very high

damage risk zone of earthquakes, OR (ii)moderate to very high damage risk of cyclones OR (iii)significant flood flow or inundation, OR (iv) Tsunami (v) one more of these hazards. The Disaster Management Plan are given in Table 7.2.


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Table 7.2 - Disaster Management Plan Family Main Event Short Description Mitigation Measures

Geophysical Earthquake/Mass movement of earth materials

Landslide following earthquake; Urban fires triggered by earthquakes; Liquefaction - the transformation of (partially) water-saturated soil from a solid state to a liquid state caused by an earthquake Mass movement of earth materials, usually down slopes Surface displacement of earthen materials due to ground shaking triggered by earthquakes

Contact to be maintained with nearest hospitals and Fire Stations for taking casualties for treatment and for rescue operations. Quick Evacuation of Site Workers and Staff

Tsunami A series of waves (with long wavelengths when traveling across the deep ocean) that are generated by a displacement of massive amounts of water through underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides. Tsunami waves travel at very high speed across the ocean but as they begin to reach shallow water, they slow down and the wave grows steeper.

Contact to be maintained with the regional office of IMD Early warnings to the project workers/ staff to be given, when applicable

Hydrological Flood Landslides

Coastal Erosion The temporary or permanent loss of sediments or landmass in coastal margins due to the action of waves, winds, tides, or anthropogenic activities. Coastal flood Higher-than-normal water levels along the coast caused by tidal changes or thunderstorms that result in flooding, which can last from days to

Contact to be maintained with the regional office of IMD Early warnings to the project workers/staff to be given, when applicable


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weeks Flash Flood Hydrological - Heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time that produce immediate runoff, creating Landslides There is low probability of landslides getting triggered due to earthquakes or floods.

Climatological Unusual, extreme weather conditions related to long-lived, meso- to macro-scale atmospheric processes ranging from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal (long-term) climate variability

Extreme hot/cold conditions Climatological

Meteorological Hazard caused by short-lived, micro- to mesoscale extreme weather and atmospheric

Cyclone, Storm Surge, Tornado, Convective Storm, Extra tropical Storm, Wind Lightning, Heavy Rain

Contact to be maintained with the regional office of IMD


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conditions that may last for minutes to days

During Construction

Accidents Accidents during construction and laying of Railway line /reclamation

Formulation of Safety Policy and strict implementation of the same during construction phase. Provision of First Aid at worksite. Arrangements with nearest hospitals for emergency treatment in case of accidents Provision of Ambulances at the worksite.

7.4 Conclusion and Recommendation

• The essential information of cyclone and flood warning to society manager or concerned authority will be provided.

• Localize the information by printing the phone numbers of local emergency services, offices and hospitals

• Provide tips on conducting earthquake drills at the proposed site

• Interview representatives of the gas, electric, and water companies about shutting off utilities All the members and employees would be made familiar with evacuation plan.


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8. PROJECT BENEFITS

The project involves doubling of Railway line between existing Holding Yard

No.1 at Ch. 00m (Near Bridge No.5) to entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s. Kamarajar Port Ltd. The benefits of this project include:

• As a part of augmentation of existing rail network, the proposed project meets the present and projected rail traffic.

• The ship in the yard will not stand for more than 2 days to transmit the goods.

• The proposed new parallel railway line of the existing rail network ease out the congestion in the rail traffic especially to and from the newly constructed Container Terminal Rail Yard (CTRY).

• Construction works provide short term employment opportunities for the local population.

• Due to this transportation pollution will get reduce by using railway.

• Traffic congestion will not be there with the help of Railway transportation instead of road transport.


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9. CONCLUSION

M/s. Kamarajar Port Limited assigned Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Limited to proposed doubling of Railway line between existing Holding Yard No. 1 at Ch. 00m (Near Bridge No. 5) to entry of Container Rail Terminal Yard of M/s. Kamarajar Port Ltd. The Kamarajar Port Doubling Railway Line site starts

from 13°15’35.38” N, 80°18’32.01” E and ends at 13°15’52.42” N, 80°19’45.47” E. The Length of the Railway line is 2.650 km. The proposed configuration of railway line junction starts from the point of Bridge No.5 and ends at the port side. Along this

railway line 3 major bridge and 7 box culverts of 2 vents are proposed. Approximate height of embankment is 4 metre including subgrade layers. The project cost for the proposed railway line doubling project is estimated to

be around Rs. 40 Crores. The quantity of construction and demolition wastes generated is about less quantity which will be used for filling over the low bed areas. From the Environmental Impact Assessment study, it can be concluded that

this project under consideration will not have any major significant negative impacts. The minor impacts arising out during construction and operation phases can be mitigated with the help of the proposed Environmental Management Plan.

The proposed doubling of railway line will meet out the present and projected rail traffic, as a part of augmentation of existing rail network. This railway line with the existing rail network ease out the congestion in the rail traffic especially to and

from the newly constructed Container Terminal Rail Yard (CTRY). The proposed project will generate employment opportunities for both, skilled and unskilled labours, which will improve the quality of life of employed people with better income.


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10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT This chapter presents the details of the environmental consultants engaged, their

background and the brief description of the key personnel involved in the project. Introduction ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited is an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company.

ABC is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant. ABC is equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National

Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Copy of the NABET accreditation is given in the last page.

Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully

completed more than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control. We are also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. Our team of technocrats and scientists are well experienced

to deal with the Designing, Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after our well-equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State

Pollution Control Board and our clients. Quality Policy Providing high quality consultancy services

Time bound completion of projects and submission of reports Employing competent engineers and scientists


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Implementing the best available technology Maintaining a good quality products and public relation practice

Continually improving the effectiveness of Quality Management Services Offered A. Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

• Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

• Environmental Monitoring

• Socio Economic Studies

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

• Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

• Internship & Training B. Multi-lab Division

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical Testing

• Mechanical Test

• Chemical Testing

C. Turnkey Projects


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• Water Treatment Plants

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

• Zero Discharge System

• Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

• Pilot Plant studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

Sectors We Serve

• Mining of Minerals including Opencast/Underground mining

• Thermal Power Plants

• Mineral Beneficiation including Pelletisation

• Metallurgical Industries (Ferrous & Non Ferrous)

• Chloralkali Industry

• Textile- cotton & Man-made fibre

• Coke Oven Plants/ Waste Heat Recovery

• Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries

• Sugar, Distilleries and Cogeneration

• Integrated Paint Industries

• Common Municipal Solid waste Management facility

• Industrial Estates/ Parks/Complexes/Special Economic Zones

• Common Effluent Treatment Plants

• Building & Construction Projects,

• Townships & Area Development Projects Study Team

The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology and bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner.


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S.No NAME ROLE 1. Dr. R. K. Jayaseelan EIA Coordinator - Overall coordination of EIA

study, report preparation, review and validation

2. Dr. R. K. Jayaseelan FAE - Land Use and Hydrology, ground water & water conservation

3. Dr. MuthiahMariappan FAE - Solid & Hazardous Waste Management 4. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE - Ecology & Biodiversity, Soil &

Conservation 5. Mrs. Vijayalakshmi FAE - Risk Assessment & Hazard management 6. Mr. Vivek Mariappan FAE - Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling &

Prediction 7. Dr. Geetha

Shreeneevasakam FAE - Socio-Economic

8. Mr. R. Rajendran FAE - Noise & Vibration 9. Mr. Rajaganapathy. J Sr.Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation 10. Ms. Indu. P Sr.Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation 11. Mr. Praveenkumar. N Jr. Project Engineer - Report Analysis and

Documentation 12. Mr. Robson Chinnadurai Senior Chemist - Environmental Monitoring 13 Mr.Venkateshwaralu Team Member - Environmental Monitoring 14 Mr.Thavanasan Field Technician


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Documents

Application for CRZ Clearance Submission of Environmental ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/26102019LP...Application for CRZ Clearance Submission of Environmental Impact