Appendix 1. - INFLIBNETshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/41951/15/15_appendix.pdf · Type of plant used ... Nela sampige (ground champak): Kaempferia rotunda. ... Basil (Tulasi

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Chapter 9

Appendices

Appendix 1.

DATA COLLECTION PROFORMA

Data acquisition questionnaire for utilization of medicinal plants in

Tulunadu, India

Questionnaire

Part 1: Informants Details

Name………………………..…….. Sex………… M / F Age……………. years.

Occupation……………………….. Level of education ……………………………...

Mother tongue………………………… Knowledge Source ………………………

Location/Residence………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Specialization………………………………………………………

Experimentation………..Yes / No Experience……………………………years.

Efficacy Data

Type of disease treated………………………………………………………………

Type of plant used (Local name)……………………………………………………

Nature of the plant……….. (Cultivated/Imported/Wild & Tree/Herb/Shrub/Climber)

Part (s) of plant used……………… (Fresh/Dried & Single or mixture with)……….

Collection specificity (if any)…………………………………………………………

Detail of preparation method (s) ……………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………

Route (s) of application………………………………………………………………

Approximate dosage…………………………………………………………………

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Duration of treatment…………………………………………………………………

Complications (if any)………………………………………………………………

Dietary restrictions (if any)……………………………………………………………

Response to treatment…………………………………………….. (Good/Fair/Poor)

Part 2: Respondents Consent Agreement

I ……………………………………………….. hereby agree to participate in this study with my full consent and conscious and declare that to the best of my knowledge the information that I have provided is true, accurate and complete.

Signature/Thumb print..................................................Date …………………………

Part 3: Researchers Declaration

1. The following research will be undertaken with respect to the indigenous knowledge and intellectual proprietary of the respondents.

2. I will at no given time initiate or conduct practices that are deemed to obtain information from the respondents by intimidation, coercion or false pretence.

3. The respondents will be informed of the intended project elaborately prior to questionnaire administration and in confidential to eliminate any degree of conspiracy.

4. I will be not under any obligation to edit or tamper the information provided by the respondents.

5. Translation and transcription will be necessary for clarification due to the language barrier.

6. The information collected will be used for the described research purpose and not any undisclosed intentions.

Researchers Signature………………………………...Date …………………………

Remarks

Plant identified as…………………………………………………...(Botanical name)

1399

Appendix 2. Endemic plants

Plant Name Region Aglaia elaeagnoidea India Alstonia venenata India Amorphophallus commutatus India Anaphyllum wightii India Arenga wightii India Artemisia indica var. nilagirica India Artocarpus hirsutus India Asystasia dalzelliana South India Baccaurea courtallensis India Bauhinia phoenicea India Blepharis asperrima India Boswellia serrata India Briedelia scandens India Bulbophyllum sterile India Caesalpinia spicata India Calacanthus grandiflorus India Calophyllum calaba India Chionanthus mala - elengi India Cinnamomum malabatrum India Croton malabaricus India Curcuma caesia India Curcuma neilgherrensis India Curcuma oligantha var. lutea India Curcuma pseudomontana India Dalbergia horrida var. horrida India Decalepis hamiltonii India Dendrobium barbatulum India Dendrobium ovatum India Derris brevipes var. brevipes India Dioscorea belophylla India Dipterocarpus indicus India Ensete superbum India Eranthemum roseum India Exacum tetragonum India Flacourtia montana India

1400

Plant Name Region Flemingia tuberosa India Garcinia gummi - gutta India Garcinia indica India Globba ophioglossa India Gymnacranthera farquhariana India Gymnostachyum febrifugum India Habenaria grandifloriformis India Helicanthes elastica India Heterophragma roxburghii India Holigarna arnottiana India Holigarna ferruginea India Homonoia retusa India Hopea parviflora India Hopea ponga India Humboldtia brunonis India Hydnocarpus alpina India Hydnocarpus macrocarpa India Hydnocarpus pentandra India Hymenodictyon obovatum India Impatiens minor India Ixora brachiata India Jasminum malabaricum var. malabaricum India Justicia nagpurensis India Justicia trinervia India Kammetia caryophyllata India Kingiodendron pinnatum India Knema attenuata India Lagerstroemia microcarpa India Lepidagathis incurva var. mucronata India Lepidagathis keralensis Kerala Lepidagathis prostrata India Litsea coriacea India Litsea ghatica India Loeseneriella arnottiana India Mammea suriga India Memecylon randerianum India Moringa pterygosperma India Mussaenda belilla India Myristica malabarica India

1401

Plant Name Region Ochlandra travancorica India Ochreinauclea missionis India Pandanus canaranus India Phyllanthus kozhikodianus Kerala Phyllocephalum scabridum India Plectranthus vettiveroides India Pogostemon deccanensis India Pogostemon purpurascens India Pouzolzia wightii var. wightii India Psychotria dalzellii India Psychotria flavida India Pterocarpus santalinus India Quisqualis malabarica South India Reissantia indica India Salacia fruticosa India Santalum album India Strobilanthes ciliatus India Swertia corymbosa India Syzygium travancoricum India Tabernaemontana heyneana India Terminalia paniculata India Thunbergia mysorensis South India Torenia bicolor India Trewia nudiflora India Vateria indica India Vigna mungo India Zingiber cernuum India Zingiber neesanum India Zingiber roseum India

1402

Appendix 3. Ethno linguistic approach in classification of plants

Classification of cacti (Kalli)

Irekalli (leafy cactus): Euphorbia nivulia.

Kodukalli (jointed cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Kolkalli (stick cactus): Euphorbia tirucalli.

Jadekalli (long plaited hair cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Jitthukalli (firm cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Daarekalli (grooved or angled cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Mullukalli (spiny cactus): Opuntia striata.

Mondukalli (blunt cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Chadurakalli (quadrangular cactus): Euphorbia antiquorum.

Menakalli (uplifted cactus): Fagraea ceilanica.

Classification of musk scented plants (Kasturi)

Kasturi manjalu (musk turmeric): Curcuma aromatica.

Kasturi mallige (musk jasmine): Jasminum multiflorum.

Kaadu kasturi (wild musk): Abelmoschus moschatus.

Kasturi bende (musk okra): Abelmoschus moschatus.

Kama kasturi (aphrodisiac musk): Ocimum gratissimum.

Names of plants in relation with snake (Naga)

Nagatali (snake plant): Ruta graveolens and Sansevieria roxburghiana.

Nagarabettha (snake rattan): Calamus nagbettai and Calamus rotang.

Naga mallige (snake jasmine): Rhinacanthus nasutus.

Nagavalli (snake climber): Bauhinia scandens.

Nagasampige (snake champak): Mesua ferrea.

Nagalinga (snake mark): Couroupita guianensis.

Nagakesara (snake stamens): Mesua ferrea.

Nagadanti (snake tusk): Baliospermum montanum.

1403

Wild relatives or forest inhabitants (Kattu or Kaadu)

Kattarthi (wild Ficus racemosa): Ficus hispida.

Kattubevu (wild neem): Melia azedarach and Melia dubia.

Kattabare (wild butter bean): Canavalia cathartica and Dolichos trilobus.

Kattukudu (wild horse gram): Marsilea minuta.

Kattukoove (wild arrowroot): Curcuma oligantha.

Kattukene (wild elephant foot yam): Amorphophallus bulbifer, Amorphophallus

commutatus and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var. paeoniifolius.

Kattugulabi (wild rose): Lantana camara.

Kattuchere (wild marking nut): Holigarna arnottiana.

Kattujakaayi (wild nutmeg): Myristica malabarica, Myristica beddomei.

Kattuthure (wild bottle gourd): Lagenaria siceraria.

Kattuthevu (wild taro): Colocasia esculenta.

Kattuthogari (wild pigeon pea): Cajanus scarabaeoides.

Kattutholasi (wild basil): Hyptis suaveolens.

Kattuneerulli (wild onion): Urginea indica and Pancratium triflorum.

Kattunurge (wild drumstick): Ormocarpum cochinchinense and Heterophragma

quadriloculare.

Kattupatla (wild snake gourd): Trichosanthes cucumerina.

Kattupadenji (wild horse gram): Vigna pilosa and Centrosema pubescens.

Katturdu (wild black gram): Vigna dalzelliana and Vigna radiata var. sublobata.

Kattupadpe (wild amaranth): Amaranthus spinosus.

Kattupeere (wild Momordica): Luffa acutangula var. amara.

Kattupugare (wild tobacco): Lobelia nicotianifolia.

Kattupongare (wild Indian coral tree): Erythrina variegata.

Kattuponne (wild Calophyllum): Calophyllum calaba.

Kattubacchangayi (wild watermelon): Citrullus vulgaris.

Kattubadam (wild almond): Terminalia catappa.

Kattubaare (wild plantain): Ensete superba.

Kattubillapatre (wild elephant apple): Limonia acidissima.

Kattumanjalu (wild turmeric): Curcuma pseudomontana.

1404

Kattusampai (wild champak): Plumeria alba, Plumeria rubra and Cananga odorata.

Kattuseege (wild incha): Acacia caesia.

Kattambate (wild Spondias): Spondias pinnata.

Kattatthaso (wild peepul tree): Ficus arnottiana.

Kattamruthaballu (wild Tinospora): Tinospora sinensis.

Kattirpe (wild Madhuca): Madhuca neriifolia.

Kattukanchi (wild bitter lemon): Naringi crenulata and Paramignya monophylla.

Kattuthare (wild coconut): Arenga wightii.

Kattubasale (wild spinach): Kalanchoe pinnata.

Kattukanchala (wild bitter gourd): Momordica dioica.

Kattumunchi (wild pepper): Piper trioicum and Toddalia asiatica.

Kattudasemi (wild mustard): Cleome viscosa and Cleome burmannii.

Kattubugari (wild jujube): Ziziphus rugosa.

Kattumallige (wild jasmine): Jasminum flexile, Jasminum coarctatum and Jasminum

malabaricum.

Kattalumbuda (wild Jatropha): Jatropha gossypifolia.

Kattubende (wild okra): Abelmoschus manihot and Hibiscus radiatus.

Kattudrakshe (wild grape): Ampelocissus latifolia and Elaeagnus conferta.

Kattulimbe (wild lemon): Atalantia wightii, Naringi crenulata and Paramignya

monophylla.

Kattunelli (wild gooseberry): Garuga pinnata.

Kattuonjire (wild one leaved plant): Flemingia strobilifera.

Kattusunti (wild ginger): Zingiber cernuum, Zingiber neesanum, Zingiber roseum,

Globba sessiliflora.

Kattu thoonakerengu (wild yam): Dioscorea belophylla, Dioscorea hispida and

Dioscorea wallichii.

Katturudrakshi (wild Elaeocarpus): Elaeocarpus tuberculatus.

Kattu raagi (wild finger millet): Eleusine indica.

Kattu vaayuvidanga (wild Embelia): Embelia tsjeriam-cottam.

Kattukotthambri (wild coriander): Eryngium foetidum.

Kattuthimare (wild Centella): Hydrocotyle javanica.

1405

Kattasoka (wild Asoka): Humboldtia brunonis.

Kattukonde (wild Cassia fistula): Kingiodendron pinnatum.

Kattukare (wild Canthium): Catunaregam spinosa.

Kattu patalagarude (wild Rauvolfia): Chassalia curviflora and Ophiorrhiza mungos.

Kattoma (wild ajowan): Chenopodium ambrosioides.

Kattujeerdari (wild cumin): Crassocephalum crepidioides.

Kattumoojire (wild three leaves plant): Desmodium heterocarpon, Desmodium

heterophyllum and Desmodium triangulare.

Kattu thippali (wild long pepper): Phyla nodiflora.

Kattukabbu (wild sugarcane): Saccharum spontaneum.

Rock or stone inhabiting plants (Kallu or Pade)

Kallubare (stony plantain): Ensete superbum.

Kalbaage (rock siris): Albizia chinensis.

Padethumbe (rock Leucas): Pogostemon quadrifolius.

Pade poo (rock flower): Polycarpaea corymbosa.

Pade mullu (rock spines): Lepidagathis prostrata and Lepidagathis keralensis.

Kalsunti (rock ginger): Zingiber zerumbet.

Kalbenga (rock kino tree): Desmodium oojeinensis.

Kalmuttuga (rock bastard teak): Desmodium oojeinensis.

Kallatthaso (rock Ficus religiosa): Ficus arnottiana.

Kallatthi (rock Ficus racemosa): Ficus heterophylla.

Classification of champak

Kendasampige (red champak): Michelia champaca.

Kattu sampige (wild champak): Cananga odorata.

Gosampige (Goa champak): Plumeria alba and Plumeria rubra.

Naga sampige (snake champak): Mesua ferrea.

Nela sampige (ground champak): Kaempferia rotunda.

Kanaka sampige (golden champak): Pterospermum acerifolium and Pterospermum

diversifolium.

Nagatagare (snake Senna): Desmodium motorium.

1406

Plants with blackish plant body (Kari)

Karithimare (black Centella): Geophila repens.

Karibasari (black fig): Ficus tsjahela.

Karikodi (black shoot tip): Eclipta prostrata.

Kari umbuga (black Datura): Datura metel.

Kari jeerige (black cumin): Nigella sativa.

Karitulasi (black basil): Ocimum tenuiiflorum.

Karidhupa (black dammar): Canarium strictum.

Kari nekki (black Vitex): Vitex negundo.

Kari agrotha beru (root for black thrush): Lygodium flexuosum.

Karinelli (black gooseberry): Phyllanthus acidus.

Karibeeti (black rosewood): Dalbergia sissoo.

Karimara (black wood): Diospyros montana, Diospyros candolleana and Hopea

ponga.

Kari maderi (black Loeseneriella arnottiana): Uvaria narum.

Karisevu (black taro): Alocasia macrorrhiza.

Climbers (Ballu or Booru)

Kolputha ballu (vine for abdominal spasm): Abrus pulchellus.

Malla adambu ballu (larger vine for insanity): Argyreia nervosa.

Isaraballu (god’s gift vine): Aristolochia indica.

Malla isara ballu (larger god’s gift vine): Aristolochia tagala.

Pallebooru (ear lobe climber): Entada rheedei.

Singaara ballu (decorated vine): Erycibe paniculata.

Poliballu (vine used for poli): Lygodium flexuosum.

Kulovutha ballu (cooling vine): Merremia umbellata.

Bacchalu ballu (tired or lean climber): Merremia vitifolia.

Peruballi (milky lateciferous climber): Ichnocarpus frutescens.

Goratha ballu (measles climber): Ipomoea aculeata.

Mullu amrtaballu (spiny Tinospora): Ipomoea aculeata.

Adambubooru (climber for insanity): Ipomoea pes-caprae.

1407

Aranebooru (lizard climber): Holostemma ada-kodien.

Kandalaballu (climber for ulcers due to friction of ornaments): Hoya ovalifolia.

Illabooru (house climber): Kammetia caryophyllata.

Acharibooru (carpenter climber): Ichnocarpus frutescens and Cryptolepis

buchananii.

Kandodibooru (viper vine): Rhaphidophora pertusa and Zanonia indica.

Arkkebooru (rice seed climber): Pothos scandens.

Ugurubooru (vine for ingrowing toe nails): Pergularia daemia.

Urundebooru (rounded climber): Cardiospermum halicacabum.

Mudelidyanthi booru (trunkless vine): Cassytha filiformis and Cuscuta reflexa.

Bandotha booru (bonded climber): Briedelia scandens.

Puriballu (worm vine): Tylophora tetrapetala.

Mudiballu (vine for oval bundle of rice seeds): Cissus repanda, Cissus latifolia and

Spatholobus parviflorus.

Amrtabooru (immortal vine): Tinospora cordifolia.

Sandu ballu (jointed vine): Cissus quadrangularis.

Thuretha ballu (bottle gourd vine): Lagenaria siceraria.

Parantu ballu (horrid climber): Dalbergia horrida.

Bonnya ballu (ash climber): Cissus latifolia.

Amarada ballu (immortal vine): Cissampelos pareira.

Jwaratha ballu (vine for fever): Clematis gouriana.

Ballu nekkare (climbing Melastoma): Osbeckia brachystemon.

Nathotha ballu (foetid vine): Paederia foetida.

Jedara ballu (spider climber): Passiflora foetida.

Tharekutthutha ballu (headache vine): Naravelia zeylanica.

Mandeli ballu (viper vine): Rhaphidophora pertusa.

Panjiballu (pig climber): Derris scandens.

Eliballu (rat climber): Derris scandens.

Classification of Canthium (Kare)

Maggare (larger Canthium): Catunaregam spinosa.

1408

Kattukare (wild Canthium): Catunaregam spinosa.

Bilikare (white Canthium): Benkara malabarica.

Madimalkare (bride Canthium): Canthium rheedei.

Kadukare (fish poison Canthium): Canthium coromandelicum and Catunaregam

spinosa.

Sand paper leaved trees (Pajavu)

Pajavu (sand paper leaved tree): Ficus exasperata.

Andepajavu (hollow sand paper tree): Ficus hispida.

Neerpajavu (water sand paper tree): Ficus callosa.

Classification of jasmine (Mallige)

Kattu mallige (wild jasmine): Jasminum angustifolium, Jasminum flexile and

Jasminum malabaricum.

Sooji mallige (needle jasmine): Jasminum auriculatum.

Kasturi mallige (musk jasmine): Jasminum multiflorum.

Jaaji mallige (braid jasmine): Jasminum grandiflorum.

Dundu, guddu or gundu mallige (round jasmine): Jasminum sambac.

Akasa mallige (sky jasmine): Millingtonia hortensis.

Bayya mallige (afternoon jasmine): Mirabilis jalapa.

Chadura mallige (quadrangular jasmine): Myxopyrum serratum.

Chendu mallige (bunch jasmine): Tagetes erecta.

Naga mallige (snake jasmine): Rhinacanthus nasutus.

Vilayathi mallige (foreign jasmine): Quisqualis indica.

Great fruits (Mapala)

Mapala or Mahaphala (great fruit): Citrus medica.

Aremapala (half greater fruit): Zanthoxylum ovalifolium.

Samudramapala (sea great fruit): Barringtonia racemosa.

Classification of cadamba

Cadamba (cadamba): Neolamarckia cadamba.

1409

Manjalu cadamba (yellow cadamba): Haldina cordifolia.

Naayi cadamba (dog or inferior cadamba): Mitragyna parvifolia.

Neer or Jalacadamba (water cadamba): Ochreinauclea missionis.

Ballicadamba (climbing cadamba): Jasminum malabaricum.

Classification of Vitex (Nekki)

Karinekki (black Vitex): Vitex negundo.

Karpooranekki (camphor Vitex): Vitex trifolia.

Neernekki (water Vitex): Vitex leucoxylon.

Thudenekki (river Vitex): Vitex leucoxylon, Homonoia riparia, Homonoia retusa and

Justicia gendarussa.

Colocasia (Taro)

Kattusevu (wild taro): Colocasia esculenta.

Govetsevu (Goa taro): Xanthosoma sagittifolium.

Neersevu (water taro): Monochoria vaginalis.

Marasevu (tree taro): Remusatia vivipara.

Mundisevu (Alocasia taro): Alocasia macrorrhiza and Xanthosoma sagittifolium.

Basil (Tulasi or Tholasi)

Naayitulasi (dog basil): Ageratum conyzoides and Ocimum americanum.

Kattutulasi (wild basil): Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum.

Meesetholasi (moustache basil): Orthosiphon aristatus.

Nimbetulasi (lemon basil): Ocimum gratissimum.

Karitulasi or Krishna tulasi or Shree tulasi (black basil): Ocimum tenuiiflorum.

Kandatholasi (field basil): Pogostemon deccanensis.

Karpooratulasi (camphor basil): Ocimum kilimandscharicum.

Rama tulasi (Rama’s basil or white basil): Ocimum tenuiiflorum.

Albizia (Baage or baaji)

Baage (siris tree): Albizia chinensis.

Pulibaaji (sour siris): Albizia lebbeck.

1410

Chawthe baaji (cucumber siris): Albizia odoratissima.

Nela baage (ground siris): Chamaecrista mimosoides.

Kalbaage (rock siris): Albizia chinensis.

Bettabaage (hill siris): Albizia chinensis.

Pottubaage (hollow siris): Albizia chinensis.

Leaves with bitter taste (Bevu)

Kahibevu (bitter neem): Azadirachta indica.

Karibevu (black neem): Murraya koenigii.

Kaadubevu (forest neem): Melia azedarach.

Nelabevu (ground neem): Andrographis paniculata and Swertia corymbosa.

Mallabevu (larger neem): Melia dubia.

Oorabevu (village neem): Azadirachta indica.

Leucas (Thumbe)

Karithumbe (black Leucas): Anisomeles indica and Anisomeles malabarica.

Mallathumbe (larger Leucas): Leucas lavandulifolia.

Malethumbe (hill Leucas): Hyptis capitata.

Nagathumbe (snake Leucas): Ceropegia candelabrum.

Parethumbe (rock Leucas): Pogostemon quadrifolius.

Red coloured plants (Kempu)

Kempukodi (red shoot tip): Euphorbia thymifolia.

Kendavare (red lotus): Nelumbo nucifera.

Kennaidile (red water lilly): Nymphaea rubra.

Kempala or Kempuelava (red silk cotton): Bombax ceiba.

Kempu kumbuda (red ash gourd): Cucurbita maxima.

Kempu gorante (red Barleria): Barleria buxifolia.

Kempu chitramoola (red Plumbago): Plumbago indica.

Kemputhevu (red taro): Colocasia esculenta.

Kempu basale (red spinach): Basella alba.

Kempu nelanelli (red ground gooseberry): Phyllanthus urinaria.

1411

Bauhinia (Mandara)

Bili mandara (white Bauhinia): Bauhinia acuminata.

Battalu mandara (plate Bauhinia): Bauhinia acuminata.

Kaadu mandara (wild Bauhinia): Bauhinia malabarica and Bauhinia racemosa.

Balli mandara (climbing Bauhinia): Bauhinia phoenicea and Bauhinia scandens.

Kempu mandara (red Bauhinia): Bauhinia purpurea and Bauhinia variegata.

Arasina mandara (yellow Bauhinia): Bauhinia tomentosa.

Deva mandara (gods Bauhinia): Bauhinia variegata.

Mani mandara (bell Bauhinia): Sesbania sesban.

Larger plant forms (Ane)

Ane kurunthotti or Ane kadeeru (elephant Sida): Abutilon indicum and Sida acuta.

Ane kebi (elephant ear): Adiantum caudatum.

Ane mundeyi (elephant Pandanus): Agave americana.

Ane aakire (elephant itchy plant): Boehmeria glomerulifera.

Aneyadi (elephant foot): Elephantopus scaber.

Anethabare (elephant Senna): Senna alata.

Ane thajanku (elephant Senna): Senna occidentalis.

Ane gorante (elephant Barleria): Barleria prionitis.

Aneneggilu (elephant Tribulus): Pedalium murex.

Ane manjalu (elephant turmeric): Curcuma zedoaria.

Ane moonku (elephant tusk): Oroxylum indicum.

Ane thippali (elephant long pepper): Piper chaba and Rhaphidophora pertusa.

Gajalimbe (elephant lemon): Citrus limon.

Anemucchire (elephant Dillenia): Dillenia indica.

Sour plants (Puli)

Soneppuli (sour plant of fifth month of Tulu calendar): Cissus discolor and Cissus

repens.

Manthuppuli (churning stick sour fruit): Garcinia gummi-gutta.

Oteppuli (hollow sour fruit): Tamarindus indica.

1412

Kanchippuli (bitter sour fruit): Citrus aurantium.

Baduvappuli (larger sour fruit): Citrus maxima.

Kaypperippuli (much bitter sour fruit): Atalantia wightii.

Kutthippuli (sour fruit of small tree): Garcinia morella.

Undeppuli (round sour fruit): Artocarpus gomezianus.

Esalpuli or Ketteppuli (sliced sour fruit): Artocarpus gomezianus.

Karandeppuli (Sphaeranthus like sour fruit): Carissa congesta and Carissa

carandas.

Dareppuli (grooved sour fruit): Averrhoa carambola.

Doddareppuli (big sour fruit): Citrus maxima.

Spinous plants (Mullu)

Mullubenga (spinous Kino tree): Briedelia retusa.

Berimullu (plant for rickets): Fagraea ceilanica.

Mullu parandu (spine fruits): Flacourtia jangomas and Flacourtia montana.

Pademullu (rock spines): Lepidagathis prostrata and Lepidagathis keralensis.

Mullankole (spiny Alangium): Hugonia mystax.

Bayalamullu (field spinous plant): Hygrophila schulli.

Aranemullu (lizard spinous plant): Naringi crenulata.

Poomullu or Humullu (flower spins): Caesalpinia mimosoides.

Kaaremullu (fish poison spinous plant): Canthium coromandelicum.

Kottemullu (rough spinous plant): Ziziphus rugosa and Ziziphus xylopyrus.

Parantumullu (horrid spinous plant): Dalbergia horrida.

Choori or Surimullu (knife spinous plant): Ziziphus oenoplia.

Naachikemullu (shy spinous plant): Mimosa pudica.

Spinach (Basale)

Kaadu basale (wild spinach): Kalanchoe pinnata.

Kempu basale (red spinach): Basella alba.

Nela basale (ground spinach): Talinum triangulare.

Boldu basale (white spinach): Basella alba.

1413

Ground forms of plants (Nela)

Nelakkanchi (ground bitter plant): Naregamia alata.

Nelakadale (groundnut): Arachis hypogea.

Nelakumbuda (ground ash gourd): Ipomoea mauritiana and Dioscorea pentaphylla.

Nelagulabi (ground rose): Portulaca oleracea.

Nelanelli (ground gooseberry): Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus airy-shawii.

Nelappale (ground milky latex plant): Cryptolepis buchananii.

Nelabasale (ground spinach): Talinum triangulare.

Nelabevu (ground neem): Andrographis paniculata and Swertia corymbosa.

Nelatale (ground palm): Curculigo orchioides.

Nelamucchilu (ground cover): Gymnostachyum febrifugum.

Nelamucchire (ground Dillenia): Elephantopus scaber.

Nelasampage (ground champak): Kaempferia rotunda.

Nelathavare (ground lotus): Nervilia aragoana.

Nelanekkare (ground Melastoma): Osbeckia muralis.

Nelagulla (ground Solanum): Solanum virginianum.

Nelasevanthige (ground Chrysanthemum): Tridax procumbens.

Gooseberry (Nelli)

Bettadanelli (hill gooseberry): Phyllanthus emblica.

Kattunelli (wild gooseberry): Garuga pinnata.

Rayanelli or Rajanelli (king gooseberry): Phyllanthus acidus.

Nelanelli (ground gooseberry): Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus airy-shawii and

Phyllanthus kozhikodianus.

Karinelanelli (black ground gooseberry): Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and

Phyllanthus tenellus.

Kempunelanelli (red ground gooseberry): Phyllanthus urinaria.

Theepenelli (sweet gooseberry): Phyllanthus acidus.

Arenelli (half gooseberry): Garuga pinnata.

1414

Plants with milky latex (Pale or Haale)

Elele hale (seven leaved milky latex plant): Alstonia scholaris.

Jeevahaale (life giving lateciferous plant): Holostemma ada-kodien and Leptadenia

reticulata.

Kodagappala (gifted tree with latex): Holarrhena pubescens.

Nelappale (ground lateciferous plant): Cryptolepis buchananii.

Bamboo (Bidiru)

Kibbidiru (small bamboo): Dendrocalamus strictus.

Gandubidiru (male bamboo): Dendrocalamus strictus.

Panjibedru (pig bamboo): Dendrocalamus strictus.

Ponnubedru (female bamboo): Bambusa bambos.

Andebedru (hollow bamboo): Bambusa bambos.

Turmeric (Manjalu)

Kattumanjalu (wild turmeric): Curcuma pseudomontana.

Kasturimanjalu (musk turmeric): Curcuma aromatica.

Karimanjalu (black turmeric): Curcuma caesia.

Anemanjalu (elephant turmeric): Curcuma zedoaria.

Maramanjalu (tree turmeric): Coscinium fenestratum and Berberis aristata.

Kodarasina (rhizome turmeric): Curcuma longa.

Kurangumanjalu (monkey turmeric): Mallotus philippensis.

1415

Appendix 4. Informants

Sl. No. Name Place A

ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

1 Abbutu Kidenji 69 34 F K House wife Ladies, Children, Skin

Ancestral No

2 Akkamma Hengsu

Mura 85 54 F K House wife Burn, Herpes, Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

3 Anni Pujari Kemminje 53 40 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Poison, Skin, Headache

Ancestral No

4 Anni Pujari Nala 69 38 M T Coolie Veterinary, Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

5 Annu Kollya 57 33 M MR Agriculture Poison Ancestral No

6 Annu Pujari Marakkuru 68 33 M T Coolie Dog bite, Venereal

Ancestral No

7 Babu Gatti Padaladka 73 38 M T Coolie Skin, Veterinary

Study No

8 Babu Pujari Valalu 83 42 M T Agriculture Poison, Urticaria, Jaundice

Ancestral No

9 Babu Pujari Hirembadi 73 33 M T Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

10 Balakrishna Rai

Kaluvaje 63 28 M T Agriculture Eye Ancestral No

11 Balakrishna Rai

Badoor 79 42 M T Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

12 Balappa Pujari

Beliyuru 81 59 M T Agriculture Herpes, Swelling, Poison

Ancestral No

13 Bellyappa Gauda

Kadaba 53 28 M K Agriculture Jaundice, Urticaria

Ancestral No

14 Bucha Gouda Sabaluru 69 38 M K Agriculture Fever, Cold, Veterinary

Ancestral No

15 Chanda Mundi-thadka

48 22 M T Coolie Veterinary Ancestral No

1416


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

16 Chaniyappa Nalike

Arla-padavu

65 18 M T Bhuta performer

Children, Jaundice

Ancestral No

17 Chaniyaru Mund-ithadka

74 42 F T Coolie Veterinary Ancestral No

18 Chennamma Keremaru 68 48 F T House wife Urticaria, Herpes, Children, Impotency

Ancestral No

19 Chennappa Gauda

Shiradi 81 38 M K Agriculture Bleeding, Skin

Ancestral No

20 Chennappa Gauda

Perabe 71 48 M K Agriculture Poison, Urticaria, Skin, Stomach ache

Ancestral No

21 Choma Naika

Berike 83 43 M MR Agriculture Pain, Children

Ancestral No

22 Chomakka Mudnuru 78 53 F T House wife Impotency, Ladies

Ancestral No

23 Chomu Hengsu

Golithottu 83 53 F K House wife Sinus, Impotency

Ancestral No

24 Chukra Nalike

Kelam-pady

63 35 M T Bhuta performer

Urticaria, Swelling

Ancestral No

25 Devaki Bharanya 58 36 F T House wife Birth attendant

Ancestral No

26 Devaki Amma

Puttur 86 50 F K House wife Gynae-cology, Children

Ancestral No

27 Devaki Amma

Bolumbu 80 52 F K House wife Children, Ladies

Ancestral No

28 Devananda Shetty

Bellur 61 24 M T Retired Teacher

Herpes, Ladies, Skin, Burns

Ancestral No

29 Dinesh Nayak

Vittla 53 20 M KO Teacher General Study Yes

30 Dinesh Pai Adkasthala 45 18 M KO Business General Study Yes

31 Domi Shiradi 45 30 M MA Agriculture Gastritis, Bone, Poison

Study No

1417


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

32 Ganapathi Bhat

Jeddu 40 16 M K Doctor General Ancestral, Study

Yes

33 Ganapathi Bhat

Nalka 89 62 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

Yes

34 Ganaraja Kuntikana 46 12 M K Merchant General Study No

35 Ganaraja Gunaje 48 20 M K Agriculture Veterinary, General

Study No

36 Ganga Bhavamma

Sagara 71 34 F K House wife Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

37 Gangayya Pujari

Kollya 55 32 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

38 Gatti Ukkinadka 73 45 M T Practitioner General, Vata

Ancestral No

39 Geetha Ariyadka 46 28 F MR House wife Herpes, Jaundice, Impotency, Ladies

Ancestral No

40 Giriyappa Naika

Koppala 58 38 M MR Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

41 Gopala krishna

Kuriya 58 18 M K Astrology Piles, Chicken pox, Herpes

Ancestral No

42 Gopala krishna

Baja 55 16 M K Agriculture Veterinary, General

Study No

43 Gopala krishna Bhat

Kadum-pady

61 27 M K Agriculture Ladies, Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral, Study

Yes

44 Gopalakri-shna Bhat

Kundadka 74 36 M K Agriculture General Ancestral No


Udupu-mule

78 40 M K Astrologer Mental Ancestral No


Kunjathodi 79 44 M K Agriculture General Study No


Nidugala 64 26 M K Merchant General Study No

48 Gopalan Nayar

Iriyanni 58 32 M MA Agriculture General Study No

49 Govinda Bhat

Paneyala 64 28 M K Agriculture General Ancestral No

1418


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

50 Govinda Bhat

Mullan-kochi

70 34 M K Agriculture General Study No

51 Govinda Bhat

Bendrodu 47 16 M MR Practitioner General Study No

52 Harikrishna Parladka 45 17 M K Doctor General Ancestral, Study

Yes

53 Hasan Balnadu 43 28 M H Agriculture Ladies, Piles, Urinary

Ancestral No

54 Honnamma Kavu 73 53 F T House wife Children, Burn, Poison

Ancestral No

55 Honnamma Pujari

Ichlampadi 83 48 F T House wife Jaundice, Urticaria, Skin, Poison

Ancestral No

56 Hukra Pujari Uppala 58 23 M T Coolie Skin, Burn, Poison

Ancestral No

57 Indu Dileep Nileshwar 38 12 F T Doctor General Ancestral, Study

No

58 Ishwara Bhat Badaga-mule

48 16 M K Agriculture Veterinary Study No

59 Ithappa Naika

Puttur 60 26 M MR Agriculture Jaundice Ancestral No

60 Janardhana Gauda

Kudmaru 45 21 M K Agriculture Urticaria Ancestral No

61 Janardhana Sharma

Renja 80 44 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

Yes

62 Jayagovinda Ukkinadka 42 16 M K Doctor General Study Yes

63 Jayalakshmi Kaluvaje 54 24 M T House wife Eye, Veterinary, Ladies, Children

Ancestral No

64 Jayalakshmi Perne 68 24 F K House wife Children, Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

65 Jayaram Bhat Meenadi 49 23 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Fever, Children

Ancestral, Study

No

66 Jayashankara Kidoor 48 20 M K Merchant General Study Yes

1419


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

67 Jinnappa Gauda

Kaluvaje 65 33 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

No

68 Jinnappa Gauda

Nekkiladi 73 48 M K Retired teacher

General Ancestral, study

Yes

69 Jinnappa Gauda

Kade-mbyalu

78 48 M K Agriculture Children Ancestral No

70 Jinnappa Kumbara

Koppa 56 33 M T Agriculture Herpes, Urticaria, Poison, Impotency

Ancestral No

71 John Shiradi 64 38 M MA Agriculture Children Ancestral No

72 Jose Balya 64 31 M MA Agriculture Bone, Tonsillitis, Burns, Poison

Ancestral, Self

Yes

73 Joseph Shiradi 68 33 M MA Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral, Study

Yes

74 Joseph Pinto Same-thadka

73 28 M KO Agriculture Jaundice, Mumps

Ancestral No

75 Kanthu Master

Narimo-garu

73 48 M T Retired Teacher

Children, Urticaria

Ancestral, Study

Yes

76 Kartha Ajila Maruvanji 73 23 M T Agriculture Impotency, Skin

Ancestral No

77 Kasim Mugu 54 29 M MA Agriculture Veterinary Study No

78 Keshava Bhat

Palla-thadka

70 40 M K Scientist General Study Yes

79 Keshava Hegade

Ujire 52 12 M K Teacher General Study No

80 Khader Kanthadka 57 24 M H Practitioner General Ancestral No

81 Kittanna Rai Natekkal 68 32 M T Agriculture General Ancestral No

82 Krishna Belchappada

Berya 62 34 M MA Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

83 Krishna Bhat Kangila 87 64 M K Practitioner General Ancestral, Study

Yes

84 Krishna Maniyani

Panaje 81 63 M MA Coolie Veterinary Ancestral No

85 Krishna Maniyani

Vanthichal 78 42 M MA Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

1420


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

86 Krishna Murthy

Muliya 46 22 M K Lecturer General Study Yes

87 Krishna Ulithaya

Arla-padavu

76 34 M T Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

No

88 Krishnan Paliyeri 80 44 M MA Agriculture Jaundice Ancestral No

89 Krishnappa Patheri 78 43 M T Agriculture Tonsillitis, Veterinary

Ancestral No

90 Krishnappa Gauda

Shanthi-godu

64 36 M K Agriculture Asthma, Stroke, Veterinary

Ancestral No

91 Krishnappa Pujari

Kombaru 57 23 M T Coolie Poison, Jaundice, Ladies

Ancestral No

92 Kunda Ajila Puthige 73 38 M T Coolie Children, Herpes, Pregnancy

Ancestral No

93 Kunhambu Nair

Bethurpara 81 48 M MA Practitioner General Ancestral No

94 Kunhammad Kenchil 81 23 M H Agriculture Skin, Vata, Piles

Ancestral No

95 Kunhanna Achar

Muguli 68 43 M K Agriculture Herpes, Poison

Ancestral No

96 Kunhanna Gauda

Dharbe 84 53 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Vata, Poison, Vomiting

Ancestral No

97 Kunhappa Gauda

Konaje 68 33 M K Agriculture Jaundice, Poison, Veterinary

Ancestral No

98 Kunhi kkannan

Kodamaje 85 45 M MA Agriculture Herpes, Urticaria

Ancestral No

99 Kunhikuttan Cheru puzha

79 24 M MA Agriculture General Study Yes

100 Kuttappan Sonanduru 75 38 M MA Agriculture Poison Ancestral No

101 Kutti Ajila Kutru ppadi

63 33 M T Agriculture Poison Ancestral No

102 Lakshmi Bannuru 83 43 F T House wife Herpes, Urticaria

Ancestral No

103 Lakshmi Narimo garu

82 53 F T House wife Children, Ladies

Ancestral No

1421


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

104 Lakshmi Panji kudelu

82 53 F T Agriculture Children, Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

105 Lalitha Kadya 60 31 F T House wife Urticaria, Herpes, Poison

Ancestral No

106 Lalitha Karkala 67 42 F K House wife General Ancestral No

107 Linga Ajila Peraje 59 33 M T Agriculture Vata, Ladies, Mental

Ancestral No

108 Lokayya Nekara

Buddame 78 53 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

109 Madevi Nidugala 66 28 F MA Coolie Veterinary, Herpes, Chicken pox

Ancestral No

110 Mahabala Bhat

Perva 59 22 M K Agriculture Veterinary, General

Study No

111 Mahalinga Bhat

Kudre ppadi

76 38 M K Agriculture Burns, Skin

Ancestral No

112 Malathi Kinnin garu

48 20 F K House wife Burns, Running nose

Ancestral No

113 Mallanna Gauda

Banadka 43 28 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Skin, Poison

Ancestral No

114 Mariyamma Golithattu 65 18 F MA House wife Jaundice, Anaemia

Ancestral No

115 Mariyamma Mundelu 78 43 F H House wife Jaundice, Ear, Vomiting, Poison

Ancestral No

116 Mayila Nalike

Balnadu 61 41 M T Bhuta performer

General Ancestral No

117 Monappa Pujari

Golithottu 83 63 M T Agriculture Jaundice, Vomiting, Ear, Poison

Ancestral No

118 Monappa Pujari

Pernaru 63 33 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Tonsillitis

Ancestral No

119 Monta Gauda Alankaru 84 45 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

1422


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

120 Mukunda Olamogru 63 38 M K Agriculture Herpes, Jaundice,

Ancestral, study

No

121 Muthamma Mura 80 55 F K House wife Herpes, Chicken pox, Burns

Ancestral No

122 Muthappa Gauda

Kernadka 78 38 M K Agriculture Burns, Skin

Ancestral No

123 Nagamma Barike 61 38 F K House wife Delivery Ancestral No

124 Nagappa Pujari

Kemminje 73 28 M T Agriculture Herpes, Jaundice, Poison

Ancestral No

125 Naranappa Saliyan

Marakkuru 43 28 M T Agriculture Poison, Veterinary

Ancestral No

126 Narayana Kumbla 85 54 M MA Practitioner General Ancestral No

127 Narayana Bhat

Nidle 77 30 M K Agriculture General Study No

128 Narayana Bhat

Mardan-gare

65 34 M K Doctor General Study No

129 Narayana Kedillaya

Manjadka 85 18 M T Agriculture Diabetes, Asthma

Study Yes

130 Narayana Naika

Nidugala 54 16 M MR Mechanic Ear pain Ancestral No

131 Narayana Prabhu

Bajappala 63 38 M KO Agriculture Herpes, Child, Stomach ache

Ancestral No

132 Narayana Pujari

Padnuru 72 38 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Swelling, Bone

Ancestral No

133 Narayana Rai Palthadi 71 38 M T Agriculture Jaundice Ancestral No

134 Narayanan Tavam 78 46 M MA Agriculture Bone, Skin Ancestral No

135 Narayani Tavam 72 42 F MA House wife Bone, Skin Ancestral No

136 Neelayya Gauda

Nujiba-lthila

63 33 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison, Veterinary

Ancestral No

137 Nonayya Ajila

Peradka 51 19 M T Agriculture Stroke, Urticaria

Ancestral No

138 Padmanabha Pai

Perla 58 26 M KO Business General Study No

1423


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

139 Padmana-bhayya

Kulayi 60 20 M T Govt. Employee

General Study No

140 Padmayya Gauda

Barike 63 33 M K Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

141 Pakkeera Pajimannu 58 33 M T Agriculture Stroke, Children

Ancestral No

142 Pammanna Gauda

Kodiyadka 75 27 M K Agriculture Poison, Urticaria

Ancestral No

143 Parvathi Daigoli 50 16 F K House wife Child, Digestive

Study No

144 Podima Byarthi

Kornadka 86 70 F H House wife Urticaria, Herpes, Ladies

Ancestral No

145 Pulla Bhai Arlapa-davu

74 35 F KO House wife Birth attendant

Ancestral No

146 Purandara Gauda

Anthara 67 38 M K Practitioner Cancer, Ulcer

Study Yes

147 Rama Amethodu 51 24 M T Coolie Veterinary, Cough

Ancestral, Study

No

148 Rama Baichya

Ubrangala 71 33 M T Coolie Herpes, Skin, Impotency

Ancestral No

149 Rama Belchappada

Nidugala 80 50 M MA Coolie Veterinary, Herpes, Chicken pox

Ancestral No

150 Rama Bhat Puttur 63 18 M K Govt. Employee

Vata, Children

Study Yes

151 Rama Bhat Meese-bayal

79 36 M K Agriculture Burns Ancestral No

152 Rama-chandra

Kundapu 70 36 M T Agriculture General Study Yes

153 Rama-chandra Ballal

Mulleria 82 48 M K Practitioner General, Veterinary

Ancestral, Study

No

154 Ramanna Gauda

Kudmaru 73 43 M K Agriculture Bone, Veterinary

Ancestral No

155 Ramayya Shetty

Perabe 73 28 M T Agriculture Bleeding, Eye, Skin, Veterinary

Ancestral No

1424


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

156 Raveendranatha Ithal

Kallare 41 28 M K Doctor General, Poison

Study Yes

157 Ravi Peraje 43 12 M K Merchant General Study No

158 Ravi Kana 42 12 M K Agriculture Bone, Veterinary

Ancestral No

159 Ravi Rai Mudnuri 50 28 M T Agriculture Cough, Asthma, Stroke

Ancestral No

160 Rukmayya Gauda

Nuji-balthila

58 28 M K Agriculture Children Ancestral No

161 Sankappa Pujari

Bela 65 38 M T Retired Teacher

Herpes, Skin

Ancestral No

162 Sathyabhama Kukkadi 83 23 F T House wife Children, Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

163 Savithri Daithota

Udupi 74 58 F K Doctor General Ancestral, Study

Yes

164 Seethamma Gundi-gadde

63 50 F T House wife Children, Ladies, Skin

Ancestral No

165 Seethappa Gauda

Kombaru 61 33 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

166 Shailaja Kudlu 45 10 F K Govt. Employee

Skin, Ladies

Ancestral No

167 Shama Bhat Nirchal 75 35 M K Merchant General Study No

168 Shama Bhat Kuntikana 74 34 M K Agriculture Burns Ancestral No

169 Shankara Bhat

Badanaje 65 34 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

Yes

170 Shankara Bhat

Mugu 58 22 M K Agriculture General Ancestral No

171 Shankaranarayana Bhat

Ambate-kaya

78 38 M K Agriculture Burns Ancestral No


Kumpala 68 22 M K Retired Teacher

Bone Study No


Nidugala 58 16 M K Agriculture General Study No


Sarlimule 55 22 M K Agriculture General, Veterinary

Study No

1425


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

175 Sharada Paneyala 73 42 F K House wife General Ancestral No

176 Sheenappa Gauda

Kalaya 63 33 M K Agriculture Veterinary Ancestral No

177 Sheenappa Pujari

Kodimbala 53 28 M T Astrology General Ancestral No

178 Sheenappa Shetty

Puttur 68 38 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Skin

Ancestral No

179 Sheshappa Gauda

Bettam-pady

68 38 M K Agriculture Bone, Chest pain

Ancestral No

180 Shivappa Kollan-gana

67 24 M MR Mechanic Skin, Herpes, Ladies

Ancestral No

181 Shree Modankila

Kokkada 86 58 M T Agriculture Poison, Herpes, Veterinary

Ancestral No

182 Shrikrishna Bhat

Tonda-mule

46 14 M K Agriculture Veterinary, General

Study No

183 Shrikrishna Paisari

Adkasthala 52 23 M K Doctor General Ancestral, Study

Yes

184 Shrirama Pattaje 51 10 M K Agriculture Herpes, Urticaria, Rashes

Ancestral No

185 Shyam Bhat Kuriya 53 18 M K Agriculture Ear, Vata, Jaundice, Ladies

Ancestral No

186 Somappa Gauda

Bada-gannuru

68 43 M K Agriculture Swelling, Bone, Veterinary, Jaundice

Ancestral No

187 Somappa Naika

Alankaru 73 45 M MR Agriculture Vata, Children

Ancestral No

188 Srikumar Ishwaramangala

45 18 M K Doctor General Study Yes

189 Subba Moolya

Amethodu 50 30 M T Agriculture Mental, Skin

Ancestral No

190 Subba Naika Gurchilu 78 43 M MR Agriculture Poison, Skin, Swelling

Ancestral No

191 Subraya Balyaya

Panaje 61 28 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Study

Yes

1426


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

192 Subraya Bhat Pijinukku 76 24 M K Agriculture General Study No

193 Sukumara Shetty

Gundya 66 20 M T Business General Study No

194 Sundari Kavu 55 28 F T House wife Ladies, Jaundice

Ancestral No

195 Suprabha Achar

Perabe 63 38 F K House wife Children, Ladies, Impotency

Ancestral No

196 Teertharama Alangar 71 37 M K Agriculture Herpes, Poison, Veterinary

Ancestral No

197 Thaniyappa Bhaira

Kabaka 76 45 M T Coolie Stroke, Vata, Children

Ancestral No

198 Thimmanna Rai

Mante-ppady

80 44 M T Agriculture Skin, Veterinary

Ancestral No

199 Thimmappa Gauda

Sullya 53 24 M K Agriculture Venereal, Children Jaundice, Urticaria

Ancestral No

200 Thimmappa Pujari

Berike 55 28 M T Agriculture Urticaria, Children, Poison

Ancestral No

201 Veerappa Gauda

Mala 83 33 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

202 Venkappa Acharya

Kenjala 40 15 M K Agriculture Urticaria, Poison

Ancestral No

203 Venkappa Bhat

Ajjimule 70 46 M K Scientist General Study Yes

204 Venkatagiri Shimoga 49 21 M K Practitioner General Study Yes

205 Venkata krishna

Bale kumeri

56 18 M K Agriculture General Study Yes

206 Venkateshwari Amma

Daithota 84 46 F K House wife Digestive Ancestral No

207 Venkatraja Punchithaya

Aitha-nadka

76 42 M T Writer General Study No

208 Venkatrama Daithota

Daithota 70 33 M K Agriculture General Ancestral, Self

Yes

209 Venkat ramana Bhat

Vadva 48 12 M K Teacher General Study Yes

1427


ge Expe-

rience Sex

Mot

her

tong

ue

Occupa- tion

Treat- ment Source

Experi-menta-

tion

210 Venkat ramana Bhat

Kaippa-ngala

59 24 M K Retired Teacher

General Study No

211 Venku Naika Kaluvaje 78 46 M MR Agriculture General Ancestral No

212 Vishwanatha Balyaya

Panaje 63 38 M K Astrologer General Ancestral No

213 Vishwanatha Pujari

Sullya-padavu

43 23 M T Agriculture General Ancestral No

214 Vishwesh-wara Bhat

Daigoli 78 32 M K Retired Teacher

General Study Yes

215 Yamuna Shetty

Gudde 68 42 F T House wife General Ancestral No

F – Female, H – Hindustani, K – Kannada, KO – Konkani, M – Male, MA – Malayalam, MR – Marathi, T – Tulu

1428

Appendix 5. Place names after plants

1. Aaladka - Lateritic hill where the largest tree was Ficus benghalensis.

2. Alase - Surname after Linum usitatissimum.

3. Anavathadi - Place where Haldina cordifolia dominates.

4. Anile - Place where Terminalia chebula tree dominates.

5. Arasina Makki - An area where highest yield is obtained for Curcuma longa.

6. Aribail - Large area known for paddy cultivation.

7. Asaigoli - Lateritic hill where Ficus tinctoria and Ficus tsjahela form dominant vegetation.

8. Ashwathapura - A place where once there were big Ficus religiosa trees.

9. Avarse - Place where Cassia auriculata dominates.

10. Bagpuni - Boundary of paddy field with Albizia chinensis tree.

11. Baipadithaya - Family well known for paddy cultivation.

12. Balekudru - Area where Musa paradisiaca is the main crop.

13. Balepuni - Boundary of paddy filed with Musa paradisiaca.

14. Bannanje - Place dominated by Prosopis juliflora.

15. Banni, Bannithaya - Family name after Prosopis juliflora.

16. Banpathadka - Lateritic hill dominated by Terminalia elliptica.

17. Basaruru - A village dominated by Ficus tinctoria, Ficus tsjahela and Ficus virens.

18. Basriberu. - An area dominated by Ficus tsjahela and Ficus tinctoria.

19. Basrimoole - A corner at the foot of a hill where Ficus spp. forms dominant vegetation.

20. Bedrampalla - Temporary pond surrounded by Bambusa bambos.

21. Bedrapane - Agricultural area where once irrigation was with the help of special equipments made up of bamboo.

22. Beejanthadka - Hill area where Anacardium occidentale is the main crop.

23. Beetiyadka - Lateritic hill dominated by Dalbergia latifolia.

24. Benganthadka - Lateritic hill where dominant plant is Pterocarpus marsupium.

25. Bulantavemba Gadde - Field where raw rice paddy is grown.

26. Chakate - Place where Schleichera oleosa tress are of common occurrence.

27. Chakatemoole - A corner area at the foot of a hill dominated by Schleichera oleosa trees.

1429

28. Chandalike - Place dominated by Vateria indica.

29. Cheemullu - Place dominated by Caesalpinia mimosoides.

30. Daithota - Place where saplings of a tree were newly planted.

31. Dalimba - Place where once Punica granatum trees were cultivated.

32. Dharbe - Place where Desmostachya bipinnata is common.

33. Dharbethadka - Lateritic hill where Desmostachya bipinnata grows.

34. Dupadakatte - Area dominated by Vateria indica.

35. Enmakaje - Place where Sesamum orientale was cultivated.

36. Erattekkayar - Place where two Strychnos nux-vomica trees occur together.

37. Gerukatte - Place where a platform is built around an Anacardium occidentale tree.

38. Goli - A surname dedicated to Ficus benghalensis.

39. Goli Thittu - A plain area where Ficus benghalensis tree dominates.

40. Golikatte - Place where a platform is built around a Ficus benghalensis tree.

41. Golimaru - Narrow long patch of land with Ficus benghalensis tree.

42. Golithadka - Lateritic hill where Ficus benghalensis is common.

43. Golithattu - A plain field with Ficus benghalensis tree.

44. Golithimaru - Paddy field in which Ficus benghalensis and Ficus microcarpa trees are present.

45. Goliyadi - Area around a big Ficus benghalensis tree.

46. Guthigaru - Area dominated by bushy plants.

47. Hala Gadde - Field in which milky rice is grown.

48. Halasinadu - A village where Artocarpus heterophyllus trees are common.

49. Hale Kodi - An area of lower elevation where Alstonia scholaris is common.

50. Hejamadi - Place where Artocarpus hirsutus is common.

51. Hongarakatte - Place where a platform was built around an Erythrina variegata tree.

52. Honne Katte - Place where a platform was built around a Calophyllum inophyllum tree.

53. Hoovina Kere - Place with a pond, around which flowers were grown.

54. Hunase Makki - An area where maximum yield is obtained for Tamarindus indica.

55. Induguri - Area at the foot of a hill dominated by Caryota urens tees.

56. Kabbina Gadde - Field where sugarcane is grown.

1430

57. Kachikana - A place dominated by Naringi crenulata forest.

58. Kadamane - Place where isolated houses are surrounded by forests.

59. Kadamba - Name of a place due to the presence of Neolamarckia cadamba.

60. Kangi Timaru - Field which is near to arecanut garden.

61. Kangila - Place where arecanut cultivation is the main agricultural practice.

62. Kanginata, Kanginathaya - Surname of a family well known for areca nut plantations.

63. Karadka - Lateritic hill dominated by Canthium coromandelicum.

64. Karandakkadu - Place where Carissa carandas dominates.

65. Karemoole - A corner at the foot of a hill dominated by Canthium coromandelicum.

66. Karikke - Place dominated by Cynodon dactylon.

67. Karuvalathadka - Lateritic hill with luxurious Solena amplexicaulis.

68. Kasaragodu - Name due to presence of large number of Strychnos nux-vomica trees.

69. Kasarakatte - Place where a platform is built around a Strychnos nux-vomica tree.

70. Kayarpalla - Area where a pond is surrounded by Strychnos nux-vomica trees.

71. Kedigejidda - An area of comparatively higher elevation where Pandanus odorifer dominates.

72. Kepala - Area where the dominant plant is Ixora coccinea.

73. Kinnigoli - Place dominated by Ficus virens.

74. Kudu Timaru - Field meant for raising horse gram.

75. Kukkinja - Area dominated by Mangifera indica trees.

76. Kuntala Palke - Area dominated by Syzygium caryophyllatum.

77. Kuntalagudde - Lateritic hill dominated by Syzygium caryophyllatum.

78. Kuve Hithlu - Name of a field where Maranta arundinacea was cultivated.

79. Manolihithlu - Field in which Coccinia indica cultivation were done in the past.

80. Manolithaya - Family well known for Coccinia indica cultivation.

81. Maramuru - Area where massive tree felling was done.

82. Mavina Gadde - Paddy field near to mango tree.

83. Mavinakadu - Forest patch dominated by mango trees.

84. Mavinakatte - Place where a platform is built around a Mangifera indica tree.

85. Menasina Pare - Lateritic hill where once people used to dry chillies.

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86. Mudabidre - Eastern bamboo area, area with luxurious bamboo.

87. Mulihitlu - Lateritic area dominated by thatching grasses.

88. Mundikana - Place dominated by Alocasia macrorrhiza.

89. Mundithadka - Lateritic area where Alocasia macrorrhiza is common.

90. Naliya Timaru - Field often infested by weeds.

91. Nanilthaya - Surname after Madhuca neriifolia.

92. Nekkare - Place dominated by a variety of mango known as nekkare.

93. Nekkare Kodi - Place dominated by the presence of nekkare variety of mango.

94. Nekkarekalaya - A place situated near to river where nekkare variety mango trees dominate.

95. Nekkidapuni - Boundary of paddy field with Vitex negundo.

96. Nelli - Surname after Phyllanthus emblica.

97. Nellikaru - Area with luxurious Phyllanthus emblica trees.

98. Nellikaru - Forest dominated by Phyllanthus emblica trees.

99. Nellikatte - Place where a platform is built around a Phyllanthus emblica tree.

100. Nellikunja - An area of lower elevation, where Phyllanthus emblica is common.

101. Nellimaru - A narrow long patch of land with Phyllanthus emblica trees.

102. Nellisthala - Place where Phyllanthus emblica is common.

103. Neralakatte - Place where a platform is built around a Syzygium cumini tree.

104. Nerolu - Place where Syzygium cumini trees are common.

105. Padubidre - Western bamboo area, place dominated by bamboo.

106. Padumara - Area dominated by soft wooded trees.

107. Palasithodi - Place where Artocarpus heterophyllus trees dominate.

108. Panathady - Area around a Corypha umbraculifera tree.

109. Pandelu - Place dominated by Glycosmis pentaphylla.

110. Paneyala - Place dominated by Ficus benghalensis and Corypha umbraculifera.

111. Parangi Pete - A town known for trade of chillies.

112. Peja Thimaru - Field with jack fruit trees.

113. Pelathadka - Lateritic hill dominated by Artocarpus heterophyllus trees.

114. Pelathaguri - An area at the foot of a hill dominated by Artocarpus heterophyllus trees.

115. Pelathuru - Area dominated by Artocarpus heterophyllus.

116. Periala - Place where a huge Ficus benghalensis tree is seen.

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117. Pidahithlu - Name of a field where Artocarpus heterophyllus trees are common.

118. Pilathara - Place where a platform is built around an Artocarpus heterophyllus tree.

119. Pongatimaru Gadde - Field having Erythrina variegata as the land mark.

120. Pulithadi - Place where Tamarindus indica dominates.

121. Purladka - Lateritic hill dominated by Lannea coromandelica trees.

122. Salmara - Place where trees are planted in rows.

123. Sampoli - Name of a place due to the presence of Michelia champaca.

124. Sarali - Place dominated by Aporosa lindleyana or Buchanania lanzan trees.

125. Saralimoole - A corner area at the foot of a hill where Buchanania lanzan is common.

126. Sasihitlu - A field where saplings of any tree is planted.

127. Shanthiadi - Name of place around a large Terminalia bellirica tree.

128. Shanthipalla - A pond situated very near to a big Terminalia bellirica tree.

129. Talipadi - Area of lower elevation dominated by Borassus flabellifer.

130. Talipadpu - A paddy filed surrounded by Borassus flabellifer trees.

131. Tanniyadi - Name of place around a large Terminalia bellirica tree.

132. Taudugoli - Place dominated by Ficus virens.

133. Tekkila, Tekkunja - Place where Tectona grandis forms dominant vegetation.

134. Thumbe Grama - A village where Leucas aspera is very common.

135. Thumbe Padpu - Paddy field in which Leucas aspera is common.

136. Tumbina Makki - An area dominated by Leucas aspera.

137. Tunga - Family name after Cyperus rotundus.

138. Uddugalemba Gadde - Field used for raising black gram.

139. Uppalike - Place where Macaranga peltata trees are very common.

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Appendix 6 : Plants used as substituents and adulterants for drugs of Tulunadu

Plant Name Substitute Adulterant

Abelmoschus manihot Hibiscus radiatus

Acacia caesia Acacia torta

Acalypha indica Acalypha ciliata Micrococca mercurialis

Adiantum caudatum Adiantum capillus-veneris, Celosia argentea, Asplenium trichomanes, Cheilanthes farinosa

Adiantum philippense Pouzolzia wightii, Eupatorium triplinerve, Hemigraphis colorata, Zornia diphylla, Zornia gibbosa, Hedyotis auricularia, Blepharis repens

Ageratum conyzoides Synedrella nodiflora

Allophylus cobbe Allophylus serratus

Alpinia galanga Vanda tessellata

Alseodaphne semecarpifolia

Litsea coriacea

Alternanthera sessilis Alternanthera bettzickiana, Alternanthera tenella

Amorphophallus bulbifer Amorphophallus commutatus

Andrographis paniculata Swertia corymbosa

Anisomeles malabarica Anisomeles indica

Aristolochia indica Aristolochia tagala

Artemisia indica Grangea maderaspatana

Asystasia dalzelliana Asystasia gangetica

Atalantia wightii Paramignya monophylla

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Azadirachta indica Melia azedarach Melia dubia

Barleria prionitis Ecbolium ligustrinum

Boerhavia diffusa Boerhavia erecta, Trianthema portulacastrum

Bombax ceiba Ceiba pentandra

Breynia vitis-idaea Breynia retusa, Phyllanthus reticulatus

Bulbophyllum sterile Pholidota pallida

Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia crista, Caesalpinia spicata

Canthium coromandelicum

Benkara malabarica, Canthium rheedei

Carissa carandas Carissa conjesta

Cassytha filiformis Cuscuta reflexa

Cedrus deodara Erythroxylon monogynum

Celtis timorensis Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Sterculia foetida, Sterculia guttata

Centella asiatica Bacopa monnieri, Hydrocotyle javanica, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides

Centrosema pubescens Phyllocephalum scabridum

Cinchona succirubra Hymenodictyon obovatum

Cissus repens Cissus discolor

Cleome viscosa Gynandropsis gynandra, Cleome burmannii

Clerodendrum serratum Dipteracanthus patulus

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Commelina benghalensis Commelina diffusa

Commiphora wightii Commiphora myrrha

Cosmostigma racemosa Anodendron paniculatum

Crinum asiaticum Crinum latifolium, Crinum viviparum

Cuminum cyminum Crassocephalum crepidioides

Curculigo orchioides Molineria trichocarpa

Cyclea peltata Cocculus hirsutus

Cyperus rotundus Kyllinga nemoralis, Kyllinga brevifolia

Dendrophthoe falcata Helicanthes elastica

Derris scandens Derris brevipes

Desmodium gangeticum Flemingia strobilifera, Desmodium laxiflorum, Desmodium triquetrum

Desmodium triflorum Coldenia procumbens

Dichrostachys cinerea Prosopis juliflora

Ecbolium ligustrinum Eranthemum roseum

Eclipta prostrata Wedelia chinensis, Wedelia triloba

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Scaevola sericea, Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus

Eleusine coracana Eleusine indica

Embelia ribes Embelia tsjeriam-cottam

Erythrina variegata Erythrina stricta

Euphorbia antiquorum Cereus pterogonus

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Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia thymifolia

Evolvulus alsinoides Evolvulus nummularius

Ferula asafoetida Gardenia resinifera

Ficus amplissima Ficus tsjahela

Gmelina arborea Trewia nudiflora

Grewia glabra Muntingia calabura

Hedyotis corymbosa Mollugo pentaphylla, Hedyotis herbacea

Hemidesmus indicus Ichnocarpus frutescens, Decalepis hamiltonii

Cryptolepis buchananii, Smilax zeylanica

Hibiscus hispidissimus Hibiscus surattensis

Holarrhena pubescens Cleistanthus collinus

Holigarna arnottiana Holigarna ferruginea

Holoptelea integrifolia Elaeocarpus serratus

Holostemma ada-kodien Leptadenia reticulata

Impatiens minor Impatiens flaccida

Indigofera tinctoria Tephrosia purpurea

Inula racemosa Psilanthus travancorensis

Ipomoea marginata Ipomoea asarifolia, Ipomoea triloba

Jasminum grandiflorum Jasminum angustifolium

Jasminum malabaricum Jasminum flexile

Justicia procumbens Justicia nagpurensis

Lagenandra toxicaria Lagenandra ovata

Lepidagathis prostrata Lepidagathis keralensis

1437


Limnophila repens Limnophila indica

Litsea glutinosa Litsea ghatica, Lepidagathis incurva var. mucronata, Justicia trinervia, Hedyotis neesiana, Blepharis asperrima, Alysicarpus vaginalis

Loeseneriella arnottiana Reissantia indica

Maranta arundinacea Stachyphrynium spicatum

Melastoma malabathricum

Osbeckia muralis

Memecylon umbellatum Memecylon grande

Mesua ferrea Couroupita guianensis

Myristica malabarica Gymnacranthera farquhariana, Myristica beddomei

Neolamarckia cadamba Haldina cordifolia, Ochreinauclea missionis, Mitragyna parvifolia

Nervilia aragoana Nervilia crociformis, Habenaria diphylla, Habenaria grandifloriformis, Hybanthus enneaspermus

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Citharexylum spinosum

Ochna obtusata Gomphia serrata

Oroxylum indicum Pajanelia longifolia

Pavetta indica Tarenna asiatica

Phyla nodiflora Piperomia pellucida

Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus airy-shawii, Phyllanthus kozhikodianus, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Phyllanthus tenellus, Phyllanthus urinaria

1438


Physalis peruviana Physalis angulata

Piper cubeba Toddalia asiatica

Pistacia integerrima Terminalia chebula

Pistia stratiotes Eicchornia crassipes, Monochoria vaginalis

Plumeria alba Plumeria rubra

Pogostemon paniculatus Pogostemon purpurascens

Pogostemon quadrifolius Pogostemon deccanensis

Premna latifolia Premna serratifolia, Clerodendrum inerme, Clerodendrum phlomidis

Protasparagus racemosus Protasparagus gonocladus

Prunus dulcis Terminalia catappa

Pseudarthria viscida Uraria rufescens, Flemingia macrophylla, Desmodium heterocarpon, Desmodium triangulare, Desmodium heterophyllum

Psychotria dalzellii Psychotria flavida

Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum diversifolium

Quisqualis malabarica Quisqualis indica

Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla, Ophiorrhiza mungos, Ophiorrhiza rugosa, Chassalia curviflora var. ophioxyloides

Rhynchostylis retusa Dendrobium barbatulum, Dendrobium ovatum

Rosa indica Rosa damascena

1439


Rotula aquatica Homonoia retusa, Homonoia riparia, Aerva lanata

Ruta chalepensis Sansevieria roxburghiana

Salacia chinensis Salacia oblonga, Casearia ovata, Loeseneriella arnottiana

Santalum album Erythroxylon monogynum

Sapindus emarginatus Sapindus trifoliatus

Saraca asoca Humboldtia brunonis Polyalthia longifolia

Saussurea lappa Costus speciosus

Scoparia dulcis Pouzolzia zeylanica

Semecarpus anacardium Holigarna arnottiana

Senna sophera Senna occidentalis

Senna surattensis Senna hirsuta

Sida acuta Abutilon indicum Pavonia odorata, Pavonia zeylanica

Sida rhombifolia Sida alnifolia, Sida cordifolia, Sida rhomboidea

Triumfetta rhomboidea

Solanum virginianum Solanum lasiocarpum

Spermacoce articularis Spermacoce hispida, Spermacoce latifolia

Spilanthes calva Spilanthes paniculata Bidens biternata

Sterculia foetida Sterculia guttata

Stereospermum colais Stereospermum suaveolens Millingtonia hortensis

Strobilanthes ciliatus Calacanthus grandiflorus

1440


Tephrosia purpurea Tephrosia tinctoria

Terminalia cuneata Terminalia elliptica, Lagerstroemia speciosa

Thunbergia mysorensis Thunbergia grandiflora

Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora sinensis

Tribulus terrestris Pedalium murex

Turnera ulmifolia Turnera subulata

Urena lobata Triumfetta rhomboidea

Urginea indica Pancratium triflorum

Vanda tessellata Rhynchostylis retusa, Cymbidium aloifolium, Acampe praemorsa

Ventilago maderaspatana Ventilago denticulata

Vigna dalzelliana Vigna radiata var. sublobata

Vigna pilosa Vigna radiata var. radiata

Withania somnifera Ruellia tuberosa

Xenostegia tridentata Paederia foetida

Zingiber neesanum Zingiber cernuum, Zingiber roseum, Globba sessiliflora

Ziziphus rugosa Ziziphus xylopyrus

1441

Appendix 7. RET plants

Plant Name Status Reference

Acorus calamus Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Adenia hondala Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Aglaia elaeagnoidea Low risk IUCN, 2011

Ailanthus excelsa Rare Study area

Alstonia scholaris Low risk IUCN, 2011

Alstonia venenata Rare Study area

Amorphophallus commutatus Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ampelocissus indica Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Anaphyllum wightii Near

threatened Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Aphanamixis polystachya Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ardisia solanacea Rare Study area

Arenga wightii Vulnerable IUCN, 2011

Aristolochia tagala Low risk Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Artocarpus hirsutus Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Baliospermum montanum Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Begonia malabarica Rare Study area

Caesalpinia sappan Low risk IUCN, 2011

Caesalpinia spicata Rare Study area

Calophyllum calaba Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Calophyllum inophyllum Low risk IUCN, 2011

Canarium vulgare Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Cedrus deodara Low risk IUCN, 2011

Celastrus paniculatus Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Chassalia curviflora var. longifolia Rare Study area

Cheilanthes farinosa Rare Study area

Chonemorpha fragrans Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

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Cissampelos pareira Vulnerable Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Cissus elongata Rare Study area

Clerodendrum phlomidis Rare Study area

Corallocarpus epigaeus Rare Study area

Corypha umbraculifera Data deficient IUCN, 2011

Coscinium fenestratum Critically

endangered

Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Croton malabaricus Rare Study area

Curcuma pseudomontana Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Curcuma zedoaria Critically

endangered Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Cycas circinalis Critically

endangered Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Dalbergia latifolia Vulnerable IUCN, 2011

Decalepis hamiltonii Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Desmodium oojeinense Rare Study area

Dillenia indica Rare Study area

Diospyros candolleana Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Dipteracanthus patulus Rare Study area

Dipterocarpus indicus Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Drosera indica Low risk Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Embelia ribes Near

threatened


Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ensete superbum Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Flemingia tuberosa Rare Study area

Garcinia gummi-gutta Near

threatened


Garcinia indica Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Garcinia morella Near

threatened


Gloriosa superba Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

1443


Gomphia serrata Low risk IUCN, 2011

Gymnacranthera farquhariana Rare Study area

Hedychium coronarium Near

threatened


Hedyotis neesiana Rare Study area

Holarrhena pubescens Low risk IUCN, 2011

Holostemma ada-kodien Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Hopea parviflora Endangered IUCN, 2011

Hopea ponga Endangered IUCN, 2011

Hydnocarpus alpina Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Hydnocarpus macrocarpa Endangered Sasidharan, 2004

Hydnocarpus pentandra Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ipomoea aculeata Rare Study area

Kaempferia galanga Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Kingiodendron pinnatum Endangered IUCN, 2011

Knema attenuata Near

threatened Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Limonia acidissima Rare Study area

Lophopetalum wightianum Low risk IUCN, 2011

Madhuca neriifolia Low risk Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Mammea suriga Rare Study area

Manilkara hexandra Rare Study area

Memecylon grande Rare Study area

Merremia turpethum Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Michelia champaca Vulnerable Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Miliusa tomentosa Rare Study area

Myristica malabarica Vulnerable IUCN, 2011

Neolamarckia cadamba Rare Study area

Nervilia aragoana Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Nothapodytes nimmoniana Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ochreinauclea missionis Vulnerable IUCN, 2011

1444


Ormocarpum cochinchinense Rare Study area

Oroxylum indicum Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Pergularia daemia Rare Study area

Persea macrantha Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Pinus sylvestris Low risk IUCN, 2011

Piper longum Near

threatened


Pseudarthria viscida Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Psilanthus travancorensis Rare Study area

Pterocarpus santalinus Critically

endangered


Quisqualis malabarica Rare Study area

Rauvolfia serpentina Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Rhaphidophora pertusa Low risk Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Salacia oblonga Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Santalum album Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Saraca asoca Vulnerable IUCN, 2011

Sarcostemma viminale Rare Study area

Senna auriculata Rare Study area

Shorea robusta Low risk IUCN, 2011

Smilax zeylanica Vulnerable Yesodharan & Sujana, 2007b

Sterculia foetida Rare Study area

Strobilanthes ciliatus Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Strychnos potatorum Rare Study area

Swertia corymbosa Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Symplocos cochinchinensis Low risk Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Syzygium travancoricum Critically

endangered

IUCN, 2011

Tabernaemontana heyneana Near

threatened

IUCN, 2011

Taxus baccata Low risk IUCN, 2011

1445


Terminalia cuneata Near

threatened


Tinospora sinensis Near

threatened


Trichopus zeylanicus Endangered Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina Rare

Study area

Tylophora tetrapetala Rare Study area

Vanda tessellata Rare Study area

Vateria indica Vulnerable Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Ventilago denticulata Rare Study area

Vigna pilosa Rare Study area

Woodfordia fruticosa Rare Ravikumar & Ved, 2000

Zanonia indica Rare Study area

1446

Appendix 8.

Achievements of the Research Scholar

Papers in Journals

• “Studies on the Vegetation of the Deltas of Chandragiri River, Kasaragod District of Kerala”, Eco-Chronicle, 4 (3): 185 – 191, 2009.

• “Botanical Identity of Plants used in the Traditional Indian Ritual – Hawana”, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14: 665 – 73, 2010.

• “Traditional Plant Fencing and its Conservatory Nature in Kasaragod District, Kerala, India”, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14: 681 – 86, 2010.

• “Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Clayton – A little known plant from Kerala”, Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 34 (3): 495 – 496, 2010.

• “Isachne veldkampii K. G. Bhat & C. R. Nagendran (Poaceae) – A new record for Kerala”, Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 34 (3): 624 – 625, 2010.

• “Petalidium barlerioides (Roth) Nees (Acanthaceae) – A new addition to the flora of Kerala”, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 17 (1): 73 – 74, 2010.

• “Ipomoea aculeata Blume (Convolvulaceae) – A new addition to the flora of Kerala”, Indian Journal of Forestry, 33 (3): 449 – 450, 2010.

• “Flemingia tuberosa Dalz. (Fabaceae) – a new addition to the flora of Kerala, India”, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3 (2): 1548 – 1549, 2011.

• “Plants used as fish poison in Kasaragod district, Kerala”, Journal of Ecobiology, 28 (2): 101 – 105, 2011.

• “Endemic Plant Diversity in Selected Sacred Groves of Kannur District, Kerala”, Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 17 (1): 141 – 144, 2011.

• “Diversity of Weed flora associated with rice crop in Kasaragod district, Kerala, South India”, Internat. J. Plant Sci., 6 (1): 49 – 54, 2011.

• “Fodder resources of Kasaragod district, Kerala, India”, Internat. J. Plant Sci., 6 (1): 95 – 102, 2011.

• “Rotala tulunadensis sp. nov. (Lythraceae) from Kerala, India”, Nordic Journal of Botany, 30 (1): 58 – 60, 2012.

1447

Papers in Proceedings

• “Wild Edible Fruits of Kasaragod District, Kerala” in Proceedings of National Seminar on “Recent Trends in the Conservation and Utilization of Under Utilized Wild Edible Plants” at Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, March 20 – 21, 2009.

Abstracts in International / National Symposia / Seminars

• Participated and presented a paper titled “Harmful Food Additives and Preservatives” in one day seminar on “Harmful Food Additives and Preservatives” at P. G. Dept. of Chemistry, Government College, Kasaragod on 9 – 1 – 2004.

• Presented a paper titled “A peep into the social relevance of plants associated with ‘Homas’ – The traditional Indian rituals and their immediate impact on microbial flora” in National Symposium on “Current Trends in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Technology” at Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post-Graduate Studies, Dept. of Plant Science, Pondichery, July 22 – 24, 2006.

• Presented a paper titled “The wonder indigenous medicinal plants of Animal word (Tulu Nadu)” in National Conference on “Recent Trends on Medicinal plants Research” at Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, January 24 – 25, 2007.

• Presented a paper titled “Elucidation of the potentialities of three medicinal plant extracts on onion root meristem cells” in 17th Swadeshi Science Congress, at The Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan College, Kozhikode, November 6 – 8, 2007.

• Presented a paper titled “Veterinary Medicinal Plants of Kasaragod, Kerala” in National Seminar on “Coastal Wetland Ecosystems of Kerala: Perspectives and Conservational Strategies” at Department of Botany, S. N. College, Kannur, October 16 – 17, 2008.

• Presented a paper titled “Traditional ‘Pan’ – A Healthy Masticatory of Indians or Good Effects of a ‘Bad Habit” in National Seminar on “Recent Trends in Biodiversity conservation and Documentation” at Post Graduate Department of Plant Science, M G Government Arts College, Mahe, November 6 – 7, 2008.

• Presented a paper titled “Wild Edible Fruits of Kasaragod District, Kerala” in National Seminar on “Recent Trends in the Conservation and Utilization of Under Utilized Wild Edible Plants” at Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, March 20 – 21, 2009.

• Presented a paper titled “Kannur University and its Anthropogenic influence in the Degradation of Niliarkotam” in the “Pisharoty Public Lecture and

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Student Presentations” at Kannur University, Mangattuparamba, February 10, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “Medicinal Plant Diversity in the Selected Sacred Groves of Kannur District, Kerala” in “International Conference on Medicinal Plants and Herbal Drugs: Challenges and Opportunities in Cultivation, Sustainable Utilization and Conservation” at Post-Graduate & Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai, March 4 – 6, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “In situ Conservation of Endemic Plants in selected Sacred Groves of Kannur District, Kerala” in Golden Jubilee National Symposium on “Plant Diversity Utilization and Management” at Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, May 27 – 29, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “Medicinal and Endemic Plant Diversity in Paramel Kavu, Proposed Cheemeni Thermal Power Plant Site, Kasaragod District, Kerala” in National Seminar on “Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Red listed Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats of India” at Department of Botany, Newman College, Thodupuzha, September 2 – 3, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “Medicinal Plant Diversity In Kammadam Kavu, Kasaragod District, Kerala” in “National Conference on Herbal Medicine” at Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, September 8 – 9, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “An Inventory of Medicinal Plants in Kunninmadilagam Sacred Grove, Kannur District, Kerala” in“20th Swadeshi Science Congress” at CMFRI, Kochi, November 6 – 8, 2010.

• Abstract entitled “Sacred Groves of North Malabar: Treasure trove of Endemic and Rare Medicinal Plants” in National Conference on “Biodiversity of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Collection, Characterization and Utilization” at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India, Anand, November 24 – 25, 2010.

• Presented a paper titled “Ethno-Medico Botany of the genus Ficus L.(Moraceae) in North Malabar, Kerala” in XX Annual Conference of Indian association of Angiosperm Taxonomy and International Symposium on “Taxonomy, Plant Diversity & Conservation” at Dept. of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, November 26 – 28, 2010.

• Presented a paper entitled “RET Plant Diversity in Sacred Groves of North Malabar, Kerala, South India” in First “Indian Biodiversity Congress” at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, December 28 – 30, 2010.

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• Presented a paper entitled “Endemic Plant Diversity in Selected Sacred groves of Kasaragod district, Kerala” in 23rd “Kerala Science Congress” at CESS, Thiruvananthapuram, January 29 – 31. 2011.

• Presented a paper entitled “Sacred groves as a refuge for endemic and RET plants – A case study” in National Conference on “Biodiversity and Bioprospecting with Reference to Plants and Microbes” at St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam, December 8 – 9, 2011.

• Presented a paper entitled “Endemic plant diversity in selected sacred groves of North Malabar, Kerala” in National Seminar on “Faunal Biodiversity and Endemism of Southern Western Ghats” at NSS College, Pandalam, January 17 – 19, 2012.

Workshops / Seminars / Refresher Course Participated

• Participated in one day seminar on ‘Biodiversity of Fungi and Ferns’ at Dept. of Botany, S. N. College, Kannur, on February 4, 2005.

• Participated in one day seminar on ‘Current Trends in Biotechnology’ at Dept. of Biotechnology, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba on January 5, 2006.

• Participated in ‘Nineteenth session of Kerala Science Congress’ held at Kannur on January 29 – 31, 2007.

• Participated in one day National seminar on ‘Recent Trends in Molecular Biology’ at Govt. College, Kasaragod on March 4, 2008.

• Participated in “Workshop on Plant Taxonomy” at M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Wayanad from19th to 23rd February, 2009.

• Participated in National Conference on “Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Development” at Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, March 4 – 5, 2009.

• Participated in “Workshop on Science Writing in Malayalam” at KVK, CPCRI, Kasaragod from 9th to 13th March, 2009.

• Participated in National seminar on ‘Taxonomy vis a vis Conservation’ at Govt. College, Kasaragod on December 17, 2009.

• Participated in “22nd session of Kerala Science Congress” held at KFRI, Peechi, January 28 – 31, 2010.

• Participated in National Workshop on “Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development in the Knowledge Era” at Govt. College, Kasaragod on March 25, 2010.

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• Participated in National Workshop on “Aspects and Prospects of Plant Taxonomy Teaching and Research” at Sasthra Bhavan, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, October 29 – 30, 2010.

• Participated and successfully completed the Refresher course in “Plant Taxonomy” at TBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, December 6 – 10, 2010.

Awards

• Best Research Paper Award for paper titled “Medicinal and Endemic Plant Diversity in Paramel Kavu, Proposed Cheemeni Thermal Power Plant Site, Kasaragod District, Kerala” in National Seminar on “Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Red listed Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats of India” at Department of Botany, Newman College, Thodupuzha, September 2 – 3, 2010.

• Best Poster Award for poster entitled “RET Plant diversity in Sacred Groves of North Malabar, Kerala, South India” in the theme “Innovation in Taxonomy and Conservation” of First Indian Biodiversity Congress at Thiruvananthapuram, December 28 – 30, 2010.

Fellowship

• Awarded with KSCSTE Research Fellowship (2007) in Taxonomy (Botany) from 2008 to 2012.

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Chapter 9

Index of Botanical names

A

Abelmoschus esculentus ........ 61, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263

Abelmoschus manihot ........62, 292, 454, 565, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1404, 1433

Abelmoschus moschatus ........ 63, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1300, 1402

Abelmoschus mutabilis ............................... 563 Abrus precatorius .. 64, 66, 87, 197, 518, 601,

1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263 Abrus pulchellus .... 64, 66, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263, 1406 Abutilon indicum ..... 67, 559, 567, 923, 1144,

1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1411, 1439 Acacia caesia .. 68, 74, 864, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263, 1404, 1433 Acacia catechu ....... 69, 71, 81, 260, 744, 885,

1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263 Acacia chundra ............................................. 69 Acacia columnaris ........................................ 68 Acacia concinna ........................................... 72 Acacia farnesiana ........ 70, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263 Acacia nilotica ... 71, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232,

1263 Acacia pennata ............................................. 68 Acacia sinuata...... 68, 72, 188, 213, 397, 527,

742, 748, 894, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263

Acacia sundra ............................................... 69 Acacia torta ........ 73, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232,

1263, 1433 Acalypha ciliata . 74, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232,

1263, 1433 Acalypha fruticosa ....... 74, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263 Acalypha indica . 74, 75, 394, 714, 918, 1144,

1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1433 Acampe praemorsa ...... 76, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263, 1440 Acampe wightiana ........................................ 76 Acanthus repens ......................................... 202 Achras sapota ............................................. 695 Achras zapota ............................................. 695

Achyranthes prostrata ................................ 382 Aconitum chasmanthum ...... 176, 1085, 1170,

1198, 1228, 1258, 1288 Aconitum heterophyllum ..... 292, 1086, 1170,

1198, 1228, 1258, 1288 Acronychia laurifolia ................................... 84 Acronychia pedunculata ........ 84, 1144, 1173,

1201, 1232, 1263 Adansonia digitata ....... 85, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263 Adelia neriifolia ......................................... 579 Adelia retusa .............................................. 578 Adenanthera pavonina ......... 34, 86, 470, 839,

1018, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1310 Adenia hondala .. 87, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232,

1263, 1441 Adenia palmata ............................................ 87 Adhatoda vasica ......................................... 631 Adhatoda zeylanica ................ 631, 1306, 1307 Adiantum capillus-veneris ..... 88, 1144, 1173,

1201, 1232, 1263, 1296, 1433 Adiantum caudatum ....... 89, 168, 1144, 1173,

1201, 1232, 1263, 1411, 1433 Adiantum lunulatum ...... 90, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263 Adiantum philippense ... 90, 1009, 1300, 1433 Adina cordifolia ......................................... 546 Aegle marmelos ...... 83, 91, 92, 163, 397, 443,

518, 750, 772, 912, 915, 995, 1014, 1075, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1359, 1385

Aerva lanata ......93, 182, 205, 658, 860, 1042, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1439

Aeschynomene indica .. 94, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263

Agati grandiflora ........................................ 920 Agave americana ...... 95, 329, 405, 847, 1144,

1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1411 Agave cantula ............................................... 95 Ageratum conyzoides ....... 35, 39, 41, 96, 968,

1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1338, 1356, 1388, 1409, 1433

Aglaia elaeagnoidea ..... 97, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1399, 1441

Aglaia roxburghiana .................................... 97 Aglaia talbotii ............................................... 97

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Ailanthus excelsa ... 41, 98, 1144, 1173, 1201, 1232, 1263, 1342, 1345, 1441

Ailanthus malabarica ................................... 99 Ailanthus triphysa ....... 99, 1144, 1173, 1201,

1232, 1263 Alangium salvifolium ssp. hexapetalum1144,

1173, 1202, 1233, 1263 Albizia chinensis .... 101, 280, 622, 894, 1144,

1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1405, 1409, 1410, 1428

Albizia lebbeck ....... 41, 103, 105, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1409

Albizia marginata ....................................... 101 Albizia odoratissima .. 104, 1145, 1174, 1202,

1233, 1264, 1410 Albizia stipulata .......................................... 101 Allamanda cathartica .... 105, 185, 470, 1145,

1174, 1202, 1233, 1264 Allium cepa ........ 41, 1087, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1288, 1317 Allium sativum ... 40, 1089, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1288 Allophylus cobbe ...... 106, 107, 413, 507, 672,

747, 979, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1433

Allophylus rheedii ....................................... 106 Allophylus serratus .... 107, 1145, 1174, 1202,

1233, 1264, 1433 Alocasia indica ........................................... 107 Alocasia macrorrhiza ...... 107, 250, 402, 555,

1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1300, 1406, 1409, 1431

Aloe vera ... 109, 146, 169, 304, 307, 326, 373, 405, 481, 562, 768, 919, 994, 1043, 1137, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264

Alpinia calcarata ....... 111, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264

Alpinia cardamomum ................................. 455 Alpinia galanga ... 112, 205, 872, 1036, 1040,

1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1433 Alpinia sessilis ............................................ 636 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia var.

semecarpifolia ..... 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264

Alstonia scholaris ...... 34, 114, 136, 405, 509, 542, 677, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1310, 1340, 1414, 1429, 1441

Alstonia venenata ...... 116, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1399, 1441

Alternanthera bettzickiana .... 117, 121, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1433

Alternanthera brasiliana ..... 117, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264

Alternanthera dentata ................................ 117 Alternanthera sessilis ....... 118, 121, 616, 808,

1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1433 Alternanthera tenella ... 117, 120, 1145, 1174,

1202, 1233, 1264, 1433 Alternanthera triandra ............................... 118 Alysicarpus vaginalis . 121, 1145, 1174, 1202,

1233, 1264, 1300, 1437 Amaranthus gangeticus .............................. 122 Amaranthus spinosus . 122, 1145, 1174, 1202,

1233, 1264, 1403 Amaranthus tricolor ... 122, 1145, 1174, 1202,

1233, 1264 Amaranthus viridis ....... 123, 759, 1145, 1174,

1202, 1233, 1264 Amaryllis vivipara ...................................... 352 Amerimnon sissoo ...................................... 401 Amomum cardamomum ............................. 455 Amomum roseum ...................................... 1076 Amomum subulatum 1091, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1288 Amomum zedoaria ...................................... 379 Amomum zerumbet ................................... 1077 Amoora rohituka ........................................ 146 Amorphophallus bulbifer ....... 124, 126, 1145,

1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1403, 1433 Amorphophallus campanulatus ................. 126 Amorphophallus commutatus ....... 125, 1145,

1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1399, 1403, 1433, 1441

Amorphophallus dubius ............................. 126 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius var.

paeoniifolius ......... 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1403

Ampelocissus arnottiana ............................ 128 Ampelocissus indica ..... 128, 498, 1145, 1174,

1202, 1233, 1264, 1441 Ampelocissus latifolia .... 34, 130, 1145, 1174,

1202, 1233, 1264, 1386, 1404 Anacardium occidentale .. 131, 235, 239, 374,

500, 542, 839, 852, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264, 1428, 1429

Anacyclus pyrethrum ......... 1092, 1170, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1288

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Anamirta cocculus ..... 132, 1145, 1174, 1202, 1233, 1264

Ananas comosus .. 96, 133, 1145, 1174, 1203, 1233, 1264

Ananas sativus ............................................ 133 Anaphyllum wightii ... 134, 1145, 1174, 1203,

1233, 1264, 1399, 1441 Anavinga ovata ........................................... 259 Andrographis paniculata ....... 40, 65, 69, 135,

157, 343, 379, 389, 635, 636, 965, 1007, 1145, 1174, 1203, 1233, 1264, 1307, 1349, 1410, 1413, 1433

Andropogon citratus ................................... 388 Andropogon flexuosus ................................ 390 Andropogon halepensis .............................. 943 Andropogon squarrosus ........................... 1042 Anethum foeniculum ................................. 1111 Anethum graveolens ...... 83, 910, 1093, 1170,

1198, 1228, 1258, 1288 Anethum sowa ................................. 1087, 1093 Angelica glauca ....... 1094, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1288 Anisochilus carnosus 137, 1145, 1174, 1203,

1234, 1264 Anisomeles indica 42, 138, 1145, 1174, 1203,

1234, 1264, 1333, 1410, 1433 Anisomeles malabarica ........ 138, 1145, 1174,

1203, 1234, 1264, 1410, 1433 Anisomeles ovata ........................................ 138 Annona hexapetala ..................................... 159 Annona muricata139, 141, 1146, 1174, 1203,

1234, 1265 Annona reticulata ...... 140, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Annona squamosa ..... 141, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Anodendron manubriatum ......................... 142 Anodendron paniculatum .... 142, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265, 1435 Anthocephalus cadamba .................. 752, 1390 Anthocephalus chinensis ............................ 752 Antiaris toxicaria ....... 143, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Antidesma acidum ....... 144, 802, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Antidesma diandrum .................................. 144 Antidesma ghaesembilla ...... 144, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Antidesma menasu ...................................... 145

Antidesma montanum 145, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265

Apama siliquosa ............................. 1003, 1320 Aphanamixis polystachya .... 146, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265, 1441 Apocynum frutescens.................................. 595 Aporosa cardiosperma ............................... 147 Aporosa lindleyana ... 147, 240, 330, 459, 524,

573, 575, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1432

Aquilaria agallocha .. 1094, 1170, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1288

Arachis hypogea ........ 1095, 1198, 1228, 1413 Ardisia humilis ........................................... 149 Ardisia solanacea ....... 149, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265, 1441 Ardisia tsjeriam-cottam ............................. 460 Areca catechu ..... 41, 149, 509, 615, 663, 853,

1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1335 Arenga wightii ...... 32, 151, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265, 1348, 1399, 1404, 1441 Argemone mexicana..... 152, 374, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Argyreia elliptica ........ 153, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Argyreia nervosa ........ 154, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265, 1406 Argyreia speciosa ....................................... 154 Arisaema neglectum ................................... 155 Arisaema tortuosum ... 155, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Arisaema tortuosum var. neglectum .......... 155 Aristolochia acuminata .............................. 158 Aristolochia indica ... 155, 159, 261, 299, 318,

373, 420, 454, 461, 601, 704, 786, 863, 884, 1004, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1365, 1406, 1433

Aristolochia roxburghiana ......................... 158 Aristolochia tagala ..... 158, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265, 1365, 1406, 1433, 1441 Artabotrys hexapetalus ........ 159, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Artabotrys odoratissimus ........................... 159 Artemisia indica ............. 161, 537, 1399, 1433 Artemisia maderaspatana .......................... 536 Artemisia vulgaris . 160, 161, 446, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Artemisia vulgaris var. indica ........ 160, 1146,

1175, 1203, 1234, 1265

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Artemisia vulgaris var. nilagirica .. 161, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265

Artocarpus altilis ........................................ 165 Artocarpus communis ................................. 165 Artocarpus gomezianus ssp. zeylanicus 1146,

1175, 1203, 1234, 1265 Artocarpus heterophyllus ...41, 163, 310, 410,

851, 933, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1361, 1429, 1431, 1432

Artocarpus hirsutus 49, 164, 960, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1399, 1429, 1441

Artocarpus incisus ..... 165, 1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265

Artocarpus integrifolius ............................. 163 Artocarpus lakoocha .................................. 162 Artocarpus ponga ....................................... 580 Arum colocasia ........................................... 334 Arum esculentum ........................................ 334 Arum ovatum .............................................. 646 Arum sagittifolium .................................... 1063 Arum viviparum .......................................... 866 Arundo donax .... 166, 873, 1146, 1175, 1203,

1234, 1265 Arundo karka .............................................. 802 Asclepias curassavica .. 167, 236, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265 Asclepias racemosa .................................... 344 Asclepias tetrapetala ................................ 1028 Asparagus gonoclados ............................... 846 Asparagus racemosus ............. 846, 1360, 1392 Asplenium trichomanes ........ 168, 1146, 1175,

1203, 1234, 1265, 1296, 1433 Asteracantha longifolia .............................. 590 Asteriastigma macrocarpa ......................... 586 Asystasia dalzelliana ........ 169, 170, 307, 984,

1146, 1175, 1203, 1234, 1265, 1399, 1433 Asystasia gangetica .... 170, 1146, 1175, 1204,

1234, 1265, 1433 Asystasia violacea ...................................... 169 Atalantia monophylla .. 170, 791, 1146, 1175,

1204, 1234, 1265 Atragene zeylanica ..................................... 746 Atylosia scarabaeoides ............................... 230 Aurantium maximum .................................. 308 Averrhoa bilimbi ........ 171, 1146, 1175, 1204,

1234, 1265 Averrhoa carambola 39, 146, 172, 236, 1146,

1175, 1204, 1235, 1265, 1387, 1412

Avicennia marina . 35, 173, 1146, 1175, 1204, 1235, 1265, 1337, 1396

Ayapana triplinervis ................................... 473 Azadirachta indica ..... 40, 174, 293, 318, 393,

758, 852, 995, 1007, 1146, 1175, 1204, 1235, 1265, 1317, 1356, 1410, 1434

Azima tetracantha ........ 177, 269, 1146, 1175, 1204, 1235, 1265

B

Baccaurea courtallensis ....... 178, 1147, 1175, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1399

Bacopa monnieri ........ 40, 179, 180, 274, 864, 1147, 1175, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1434

Bacopa monnieria ...................................... 179 Baliospermum axillare ............................... 180 Baliospermum montanum ....... 39, 180, 1147,

1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1346, 1402, 1441 Baliospermum solanifolium ....................... 180 Balsamodendron mukul ........................... 1103 Balsamodendron myrrha ......................... 1102 Bambusa arundinacea ............................... 181 Bambusa bambos ... 181, 240, 509, 954, 1147,

1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1414, 1428 Bambusa stricta .......................................... 408 Banksea speciosa ....................................... 345 Barleria cristata .. 183, 239, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266 Barleria longifolia ...................................... 590 Barleria prionitis 184, 632, 1101, 1147, 1176,

1204, 1235, 1266, 1411, 1434 Barringtonia racemosa .. 185, 267, 853, 1147,

1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1408 Basella alba 187, 393, 900, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1410, 1412 Basella rubra .............................................. 187 Bassia latifolia ........................................... 686 Bassia malabarica ...................................... 687 Bassia neriifolia ......................................... 687 Bauhinia acuminata .. 188, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1411 Bauhinia anguina ....................................... 192 Bauhinia malabarica . 189, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1411 Bauhinia phoenicea ... 190, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1399, 1411 Bauhinia purpurea ..... 191, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1411

1455

Bauhinia racemosa .... 192, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1411

Bauhinia scandens var. anguina . 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266

Bauhinia tomentosa .. 193, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1411

Bauhinia variegata ........ 41, 194, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1347, 1411

Begonia malabarica .. 195, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1302, 1441

Benincasa cerifera ...................................... 196 Benincasa hispida ...... 196, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266 Benkara malabarica .. 198, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1408, 1434 Berberis aristata . 41, 1096, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1289, 1414 Berberis coriaria ...................................... 1096 Bergera koenigii ......................................... 736 Bidens biternata199, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235,

1266, 1439 Bidens pilosa var. bipinnata ....................... 199 Bignonia indica .......................................... 777 Bignonia stans ............................................ 987 Bignonia suberosa ...................................... 714 Biophytum reinwardtii 199, 848, 1147, 1176,

1204, 1235, 1266 Bixa orellana .... 201, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235,

1266 Blepharis asperrima .. 201, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1300, 1302, 1399, 1437 Blepharis molluginifolia ............................. 202 Blepharis repens ........ 202, 1147, 1176, 1204,

1235, 1266, 1300, 1302, 1433 Boehmeria glomerulifera ..... 203, 1147, 1176,

1204, 1235, 1266, 1411 Boehmeria malabarica ............................... 203 Boerhavia diffusa 41, 93, 204, 206, 217, 343,

559, 591, 839, 878, 995, 1017, 1018, 1124, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1434

Boerhavia erecta ........ 206, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1434

Boerhavia procumbens ............................... 204 Boerhavia punarnava ................................. 206 Boerhavia repens ........................................ 204 Bombax ceiba . 41, 206, 269, 397, 1147, 1176,

1204, 1235, 1266, 1335, 1410, 1434 Bombax insigne 208, 1147, 1176, 1204, 1235,

1266

Bombax malabaricum ................................ 206 Borassus flabellifer ........ 209, 259, 397, 1147,

1176, 1204, 1235, 1266, 1432 Borreria articularis .................................... 945 Borreria hispida ......................................... 946 Borreria latifolia ........................................ 947 Boswellia glabra ...................................... 1096 Boswellia serrata 39, 1096, 1170, 1198, 1228,

1258, 1289, 1377, 1399 Boswellia thurifera ..... 405, 1097, 1170, 1198,

1228, 1258, 1289 Bougainvillea spectabilis ..... 210, 1147, 1176,

1205, 1235, 1266 Brassica juncea .. 211, 405, 1098, 1147, 1176,

1205, 1235, 1266 Brassica nigra .1098, 1170, 1198, 1228, 1258,

1289 Breynia patens ............................................ 212 Breynia retusa ..212, 1147, 1176, 1205, 1235,

1266, 1434 Breynia rhamnoides ................................... 213 Breynia vitis-idaea .... 213, 392, 601, 705, 774,

812, 1043, 1147, 1176, 1205, 1235, 1266, 1434

Briedelia airy-shawii.................................. 215 Briedelia crenulata .................................... 215 Briedelia retusa .. 115, 215, 1147, 1176, 1205,

1236, 1266, 1412 Briedelia scandens216, 705, 851, 1053, 1147,

1176, 1205, 1236, 1266, 1399, 1407 Briedelia spinosa ........................................ 215 Briedelia stipularis ..................................... 216 Briedelia zeylanica ..................................... 524 Bryonia amplexicaulis ............................... 942 Bryonia callosa .......................................... 362 Bryonia epigaea ......................................... 338 Bryonia grandis .......................................... 325 Bryonia laciniosa ....................................... 435 Bryonia palmata ......................................... 435 Bryonia scabrella ....................................... 735 Bryophyllum calycinum ............................. 639 Bryophyllum pinnatum ..................... 639, 1338 Buchanania lanzan ...... 217, 487, 1147, 1176,

1205, 1236, 1266, 1432 Buchanania latifolia ................................... 217 Bulbophyllum neilgherrense ...................... 219 Bulbophyllum sterile .... 219, 802, 1147, 1176,

1205, 1236, 1266, 1399, 1434

1456

Butea frondosa ....... 176, 219, 471, 770, 1148, 1176, 1205, 1236, 1267

Butea monosperma .......... 41, 219, 1318, 1333 Butea parviflora ......................................... 944

C

Cacalia sonchifolia .................................... 461 Caesalpinia bonduc . 221, 224, 225, 229, 470,

1008, 1148, 1176, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1434 Caesalpinia bonducella .............................. 221 Caesalpinia coriaria .. 223, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267 Caesalpinia crista ...... 83, 223, 229, 518, 774,

1053, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1434 Caesalpinia mimosoides .. 225, 615, 704, 841,

854, 1014, 1066, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1412, 1429

Caesalpinia nuga ........................................ 223 Caesalpinia pulcherrima 185, 226, 988, 1148,

1177, 1205, 1236, 1267 Caesalpinia sappan .... 227, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1441 Caesalpinia spicata .... 228, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1399, 1434, 1441 Cajanus cajan .... 229, 230, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267 Cajanus indicus .......................................... 229 Cajanus scarabaeoides ......... 230, 1148, 1177,

1205, 1236, 1267, 1403 Calacanthus grandiflorus .... 230, 1148, 1177,

1205, 1236, 1267, 1399, 1439 Caladium sagittifolium ............................. 1063 Calamus rotang 231, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236,

1267, 1402 Callicarpa lanata ....................................... 232 Callicarpa tomentosa ..... 98, 232, 1148, 1177,

1205, 1236, 1267 Calophyllum apetalum ............................... 233 Calophyllum blumei ................................... 234 Calophyllum calaba ... 233, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1399, 1403, 1441 Calophyllum decipiens ............................... 233 Calophyllum inophyllum ...... 67, 96, 234, 424,

658, 855, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1429, 1441

Calophyllum wightianum ........................... 233 Calotropis gigantea .... 79, 146, 176, 220, 235,

262, 330, 358, 374, 386, 410, 411, 454, 477, 525, 542, 554, 731, 769, 919, 995,

1039, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1302, 1350

Calycopteris floribunda .... 239, 254, 336, 410, 435, 615, 624, 705, 860, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1300

Cambogia gummi-gutta ............................. 512 Camellia sinensis ........ 241, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267 Cananga odorata ........ 242, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1300, 1404, 1405 Canarium strictum .............. 1099, 1228, 1406 Canavalia cathartica .. 243, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1403 Canavalia virosa ........................................ 243 Canna indica ....244, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236,

1267 Canna orientalis ......................................... 244 Cannabis indica ......................................... 245 Cannabis sativa .245, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236,

1267 Cannabis sativa ssp. indica 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267 Canthium coromandelicum ..... 157, 198, 199,

246, 247, 267, 304, 504, 984, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1408, 1412, 1430, 1434

Canthium parviflorum ................................ 246 Canthium rheedei ....... 247, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267, 1408, 1434 Capparis andamanica ................................ 247 Capparis floribunda ... 247, 1019, 1148, 1177,

1205, 1236, 1267 Capparis magna ......................................... 348 Capsicum annuum ....... 248, 249, 1148, 1177,

1205, 1236, 1267 Capsicum frutescens .. 35, 106, 249, 489, 979,

1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1393 Capsicum minimum .................................... 249 Carallia brachiata ...... 251, 1148, 1177, 1205,

1236, 1267 Carallia integerrima .................................. 251 Cardiospermum halicacabum ... 34, 146, 252,

320, 1038, 1148, 1177, 1205, 1236, 1267, 1358, 1407

Careya arborea .239, 253, 336, 615, 704, 801, 851, 971, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1236, 1267

Carica papaya ......... 36, 255, 493, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1236, 1267, 1324

Carissa carandas ........ 256, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1236, 1267, 1412, 1430, 1434

1457

Carissa congesta .. 41, 257, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1236, 1267, 1323, 1412

Carissa diffusa ............................................ 257 Carissa spinarum ....................................... 257 Carum carvi ... 1099, 1170, 1198, 1228, 1258,

1289 Carum copticum ....................................... 1136 Caryota urens ......... 258, 405, 696, 864, 1148,

1177, 1206, 1237, 1267, 1429 Cascabela thevetia ................................... 1002 Casearia esculenta ..................................... 259 Casearia ovata.. 259, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1237,

1267, 1439 Cassia alata ................................................ 909 Cassia angustifolia ..................................... 910 Cassia auriculata ............ 40, 911, 1348, 1428 Cassia fistula .... 103, 260, 374, 562, 575, 642,

801, 1039, 1148, 1177, 1206, 1237, 1267, 1405

Cassia glauca ............................................. 916 Cassia hirsuta ............................................. 912 Cassia mimosoides ..................................... 279 Cassia occidentalis ..................................... 913 Cassia senna ............................................... 910 Cassia siamea ............................................. 914 Cassia sophera ........................................... 914 Cassia surattensis ....................................... 916 Cassia tora .................................................. 917 Cassytha filiformis . 186, 262, 381, 481, 1148,

1177, 1206, 1237, 1267, 1373, 1407, 1434 Casuarina equisetifolia .............................. 263 Casuarina litorea 263, 343, 1149, 1177, 1206,

1237, 1267 Catharanthus pusillus 264, 1149, 1177, 1206,

1237, 1268 Catharanthus roseus ..... 11, 265, 1149, 1177,

1206, 1237, 1268 Catunaregam spinosa ...... 157, 237, 266, 624,

1043, 1102, 1149, 1177, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1405, 1407, 1408

Catunaregam uliginosa .............................. 985 Cayratia mollissima ... 267, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268, 1302 Cedrela toona ........................................... 1012 Cedrus deodara .. 64, 176, 205, 321, 472, 481,

616, 731, 928, 1007, 1100, 1131, 1170, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1289, 1296, 1434, 1441

Ceiba pentandra . 268, 673, 1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1434

Celastrus paniculatus . 92, 269, 321, 443, 975, 1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1441

Celosia argentea ......... 270, 1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1433

Celtis cinnamomea ..................................... 271 Celtis orientalis ........................................ 1015 Celtis timorensis ... 271, 757, 955, 1149, 1178,

1206, 1237, 1268, 1434 Celtis trinervia ........................................... 271 Centella asiatica . 79, 180, 271, 274, 392, 393,

445, 500, 510, 521, 566, 589, 615, 704, 769, 847, 864, 899, 1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1300, 1434

Centratherum anthelminticum ................. 1039 Centratherum courtallense ........................ 814 Centratherum molle ................................... 814 Centratherum punctatum ...... 274, 814, 1149,

1178, 1206, 1237, 1268 Centrosema molle ....... 275, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268 Centrosema pubescens ........... 275, 1403, 1434 Centrosema virginianum ............................ 275 Cephalandra indica .................................... 325 Cerbera manghas ....................................... 276 Cerbera odollam ......... 276, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268 Cereus pterogonus ...... 277, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268, 1435 Ceropegia candelabrum var. candelabrum

......................1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268 Cestrum nocturnum ... 278, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268 Chamaecrista mimosoides ... 279, 1149, 1178,

1206, 1237, 1268, 1410 Chamaesyce hirta ....................................... 474 Chamaesyce thymifolia .............................. 478 Chassalia curviflora var. longifolia ........ 281,

1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1441 Chassalia curviflora var. ophioxyloides 1149,

1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1438 Chassalia ophioxyloides ............................ 281 Cheilanthes farinosa .. 281, 1149, 1178, 1206,

1237, 1268, 1296, 1433, 1441 Chenopodium ambrosioides 282, 1149, 1178,

1206, 1237, 1268, 1405 Chionanthus malabaricus .......................... 283 Chionanthus mala-elengi ssp. mala-elengi

......................1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268 Chomelia asiatica ...................................... 986

1458

Chonemorpha fragrans 154, 284, 1149, 1178, 1206, 1237, 1268, 1441

Chonemorpha grandiflora ......................... 284 Chonemorpha macrophylla ........................ 284 Chromolaena odorata .. 237, 285, 1149, 1178,

1206, 1237, 1268 Chrysanthemum indicum ....... 286, 827, 1149,

1178, 1207, 1237, 1268 Chrysophyllum cainito ......... 287, 1149, 1178,

1207, 1237, 1268 Cicca acida ................................................. 804 Cicca disticha ............................................. 804 Cicer arietinum .... 34, 288, 1149, 1178, 1207,

1237, 1268 Cinchona orixensis ..................................... 592 Cinchona pubescens ................................... 288 Cinchona succirubra ... 288, 592, 1149, 1178,

1207, 1237, 1268, 1434 Cinnamomum camphora ..... 289, 1149, 1178,

1207, 1237, 1268 Cinnamomum iners..................................... 290 Cinnamomum malabatrum .. 290, 1070, 1149,

1178, 1207, 1237, 1268, 1399 Cinnamomum tamala .........1101, 1170, 1198,

1228, 1258, 1289 Cinnamomum verum ..... 291, 320, 723, 1008,

1102, 1149, 1178, 1207, 1237, 1268 Cinnamomum zeylanicum .......................... 291 Cipadessa baccifera ... 292, 1149, 1178, 1207,

1238, 1268 Cipadessa fruticosa .................................... 292 Cissampelos hirsuta ................................... 293 Cissampelos pareira ... 293, 1149, 1178, 1207,

1238, 1268, 1407, 1442 Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta . 1149, 1178,

1207, 1238, 1268 Cissus discolor . 294, 1149, 1178, 1207, 1238,

1268, 1411, 1434 Cissus elongata 295, 1149, 1178, 1207, 1238,

1268, 1302, 1442 Cissus glauca ...................................... 296, 299 Cissus javana .............................................. 294 Cissus latifolia.... 296, 299, 1150, 1178, 1207,

1238, 1268, 1300, 1407 Cissus quadrangularis ... 35, 39, 41, 146, 297,

851, 1150, 1178, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1300, 1349, 1369, 1387, 1407

Cissus repanda . 298, 1150, 1178, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1407

Cissus repens 131, 196, 295, 299, 1150, 1178, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1411, 1434

Citharexylum cinereum .............................. 300 Citharexylum fruticosum ............................ 300 Citharexylum spinosum ......... 300, 301, 1150,

1178, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1437 Citharexylum subserratum ......................... 300 Citrullus colocynthis .... 301, 394, 1150, 1179,

1207, 1238, 1269 Citrullus lanatus ......... 302, 1150, 1179, 1207,

1238, 1269 Citrullus vulgaris ............................. 302, 1403 Citrus acida ................................................ 303 Citrus aurantifolia ........ 303, 362, 1150, 1179,

1207, 1238, 1269 Citrus aurantium ...... 146, 161, 169, 240, 262,

306, 307, 309, 320, 358, 362, 509, 587, 640, 658, 745, 774, 864, 983, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1412

Citrus chrysocarpa ..................................... 311 Citrus grandis ............................................. 308 Citrus limon ......307, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238,

1269, 1411 Citrus limonum ........................................... 307 Citrus maderaspatana ................................ 306 Citrus maxima ..308, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238,

1269, 1412 Citrus medica ....254, 303, 304, 307, 309, 459,

771, 1116, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1408

Citrus reticulata .. 311, 984, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269

Cleistanthus collinus .. 312, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1436

Clematis gouriana ...... 312, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1407

Cleome burmannii ...... 313, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1404, 1434

Cleome gynandra ....................................... 544 Cleome pentaphylla .................................... 544 Cleome viscosa .... 314, 545, 1150, 1179, 1207,

1238, 1269, 1404, 1434 Clerodendrum inerme 315, 1150, 1179, 1207,

1238, 1269, 1438 Clerodendrum infortunatum ...................... 319 Clerodendrum multiflorum ........................ 316 Clerodendrum neriifolium ......................... 315 Clerodendrum phlomidis ..... 316, 1150, 1179,

1207, 1238, 1269, 1438, 1442

1459

Clerodendrum serratum .. 221, 317, 386, 559, 704, 970, 1023, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269, 1434

Clerodendrum viscosum .. 213, 240, 319, 558, 817, 1150, 1179, 1207, 1238, 1269

Clinacanthus burmannii ............................. 321 Clinacanthus nutans . 321, 1150, 1179, 1207,

1238, 1269 Clinacanthus siamensis .............................. 321 Clitoria ternatea var. pleniflora ... 1150, 1179,

1207, 1238, 1269 Clitoria ternatea var. ternatea ........ 323, 1150,

1179, 1208, 1238, 1269 Clutia collina .............................................. 312 Clutia retusa ............................................... 215 Clutia scandens .......................................... 216 Clutia stipularis .......................................... 216 Coccinia cordifolia ..................................... 325 Coccinia grandis ...... 325, 399, 470, 511, 616,

864, 949, 1150, 1179, 1208, 1238, 1269 Coccinia indica ................................. 325, 1430 Cocculus burmannii ................................... 385 Cocculus cordifolius ................................. 1006 Cocculus glaucescens ................................. 434 Cocculus hirsutus ........ 327, 999, 1150, 1179,

1208, 1238, 1269, 1435 Cocculus macrocarpus ............................... 434 Cocculus villosus ........................................ 327 Cocos nucifera ... 34, 150, 328, 459, 497, 509,

624, 1040, 1150, 1179, 1208, 1238, 1269, 1374

Codariocalyx motorium.............................. 416 Coffea arabica.. 331, 1150, 1179, 1208, 1238,

1269 Coffea travancorensis ................................ 852 Coix lacryma-jobi ........ 332, 490, 1150, 1179,

1208, 1238, 1269 Coldenia procumbens 333, 1150, 1179, 1208,

1238, 1269, 1435 Coleus amboinicus ..................................... 825 Coleus aromaticus ...................................... 825 Coleus vettiveroides ........................... 827, 892 Colocasia antiquorum ................................ 334 Colocasia esculenta . 108, 334, 867, 934, 984,

1150, 1179, 1208, 1238, 1269, 1300, 1403, 1409, 1410

Combretum extensum ................................. 335 Combretum latifolium ... 310, 335, 664, 1150,

1179, 1208, 1238, 1269

Commelina benghalensis ......... 336, 337, 381, 1150, 1179, 1208, 1238, 1269, 1435

Commelina cristata .................................... 381 Commelina diffusa ..... 337, 1150, 1179, 1208,

1239, 1269, 1435 Commelina nudiflora ................................. 337 Commiphora mukul .................................. 1103 Commiphora myrrha .. 205, 1102, 1103, 1170,

1198, 1228, 1258, 1289, 1435 Commiphora wightii. 1103, 1122, 1170, 1198,

1228, 1259, 1289, 1435 Connarus santaloides ................................. 876 Convolvulus aculeatus ............................... 602 Convolvulus alsinoides .............................. 480 Convolvulus asarifolius ............................. 604 Convolvulus batatas ................................... 605 Convolvulus dentatus ................................. 612 Convolvulus hastatus ............................... 1065 Convolvulus nil ........................................... 608 Convolvulus nummularius ......................... 482 Convolvulus obscurus ................................ 609 Convolvulus tridentatus ........................... 1066 Corallocarpus epigaeus ........ 338, 1150, 1179,

1208, 1239, 1269, 1442 Corchorus capsularis . 339, 1150, 1179, 1208,

1239, 1269 Cordia latifolia ........................................... 339 Cordia myxa ............................................... 339 Cordia obliqua .... 339, 635, 1150, 1179, 1208,

1239, 1269 Coriandrum sativum .... 41, 1009, 1104, 1170,

1198, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1379 Coronopus didymus .... 340, 1150, 1179, 1208,

1239, 1269 Corypha umbraculifera ........ 341, 1151, 1179,

1208, 1239, 1270, 1431 Coscinium fenestratum .... 292, 342, 373, 616,

809, 1102, 1131, 1151, 1179, 1208, 1239, 1270, 1414, 1442

Cosmostigma acuminatum ......................... 344 Cosmostigma racemosum .... 344, 1151, 1179,

1208, 1239, 1270 Costus pictus ......... 34, 345, 1151, 1179, 1208,

1239, 1270, 1344 Costus speciosus ... 40, 345, 1113, 1134, 1151,

1179, 1208, 1239, 1270, 1307, 1439 Couroupita guianensis ......... 347, 1151, 1180,

1208, 1239, 1270, 1402, 1437

1460

Crassocephalum crepidioides ........ 348, 1151, 1180, 1208, 1239, 1270, 1405, 1435

Crataeva magna348, 1151, 1180, 1208, 1239, 1270

Crataeva nurvala ........................................ 348 Crataeva religiosa var. nurvala ................. 348 Crinum asiaticum .. 350, 352, 640, 864, 1151,

1180, 1208, 1239, 1270, 1435 Crinum defixum .......................................... 352 Crinum latifolium ...... 351, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270, 1435 Crinum toxicarium ..................................... 350 Crinum viviparum ..... 352, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270, 1435 Crocus sativus ...... 41, 320, 1105, 1170, 1198,

1229, 1259, 1289 Crossandra infundibuliformis ....... 353, 1151,

1180, 1208, 1239, 1270 Crossandra undulaefolia ............................ 353 Crotalaria calycina .... 353, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270 Crotalaria macrophylla.............................. 506 Crotalaria mucronata ................................ 354 Crotalaria pallida ....... 354, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270 Crotalaria retusa ........ 355, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270 Crotalaria striata ....................................... 354 Crotalaria verrucosa .. 356, 1151, 1180, 1208,

1239, 1270 Croton laevigatus ..... 146, 156, 295, 357, 459,

559, 830, 864, 1035, 1151, 1180, 1208, 1239, 1270

Croton malabaricus ... 359, 1151, 1180, 1208, 1239, 1270, 1302, 1399, 1442

Croton oblongifolius .................................. 357 Croton officinalis ........................................ 359 Croton philippensis .................................... 689 Croton roxburghii ....................................... 357 Croton solanifolius ..................................... 180 Croton tiglium 176, 181, 359, 741, 860, 1151,

1180, 1208, 1239, 1270 Cryptolepis buchananii ........ 361, 1151, 1180,

1208, 1239, 1270, 1407, 1413, 1414, 1436 Cucumis callosus ........................................ 362 Cucumis colocynthis ................................... 301 Cucumis melo .. 82, 362, 796, 899, 934, 1151,

1180, 1209, 1239, 1270

Cucumis prophetarum363, 1151, 1180, 1209, 1239, 1270

Cucumis pubescens .................................... 362 Cucumis sativus 364, 1151, 1180, 1209, 1239,

1270 Cucumis trigonus ....................................... 362 Cucurbita citrullus ..................................... 302 Cucurbita maxima ........ 365, 373, 1151, 1180,

1209, 1239, 1270, 1410 Cucurbita pepo ....... 148, 262, 320, 366, 1151,

1180, 1209, 1239, 1270 Cucurbita siceraria .................................... 648 Cuminum cyminum ...... 420, 933, 1100, 1106,

1124, 1133, 1170, 1198, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1435

Curculigo orchioides .... 69, 81, 367, 397, 721, 1151, 1180, 1209, 1239, 1270, 1413, 1435

Curculigo trichocarpa ............................... 721 Curcuma amada ... 176, 369, 397, 1008, 1151,

1180, 1209, 1239, 1270 Curcuma angustifolia ................................. 375 Curcuma aromatica ....... 34, 370, 1151, 1180,

1209, 1239, 1270, 1306, 1402, 1414 Curcuma caesia 371, 1151, 1180, 1209, 1239,

1270, 1399, 1414 Curcuma cannanorensis .................... 376, 377 Curcuma domestica .......................... 372, 1359 Curcuma longa ....... 39, 40, 82, 214, 362, 372,

393, 606, 622, 737, 857, 884, 909, 949, 1124, 1151, 1180, 1209, 1239, 1270, 1309, 1334, 1349, 1414, 1428

Curcuma malabarica ................................. 371 Curcuma neilgherrensis ...... 375, 1151, 1180,

1209, 1239, 1270, 1399 Curcuma oligantha var. lutea ........ 377, 1151,

1180, 1209, 1239, 1270, 1399 Curcuma oligantha var. oligantha ........ 1151,

1180, 1209, 1240, 1270 Curcuma pseudomontana .... 378, 1151, 1180,

1209, 1240, 1270, 1399, 1403, 1414, 1442 Curcuma ranadei ....................................... 378 Curcuma zedoaria ...... 379, 1151, 1180, 1209,

1240, 1270, 1411, 1414, 1442 Curcuma zerumbet ..................................... 379 Cuscuta reflexa ....... 34, 263, 380, 1151, 1180,

1209, 1240, 1270, 1373, 1393, 1407, 1434 Cyanotis cristata ......... 381, 1152, 1180, 1209,

1240, 1270

1461

Cyathula prostrata . 82, 382, 575, 1152, 1180, 1209, 1240, 1271

Cycas circinalis 384, 1140, 1152, 1180, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1296, 1442

Cyclea arnottii ............................................ 385 Cyclea burmannii ....................................... 385 Cyclea peltata ... 102, 157, 269, 328, 385, 461,

493, 497, 510, 822, 1152, 1180, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1435

Cymbidium aloifolium388, 1152, 1180, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1440

Cymbidium erectum .................................... 388 Cymbidium ovatum ..................................... 407 Cymbidium pendulum ................................. 388 Cymbopogon citratus34, 336, 388, 821, 1007,

1152, 1180, 1209, 1240, 1271 Cymbopogon flexuosus ........ 390, 1152, 1180,

1209, 1240, 1271 Cynodon dactylon 79, 89, 214, 237, 250, 273,

282, 329, 391, 445, 500, 549, 566, 601, 615, 616, 622, 704, 758, 769, 873, 892, 1053, 1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1430

Cynoglossum furcatum ............................... 395 Cynoglossum zeylanicum ..... 395, 1152, 1181,

1209, 1240, 1271 Cynosurus coracana ................................... 456 Cynosurus indicus ...................................... 457 Cyperus brevifolius..................................... 643 Cyperus kyllinga ......................................... 644 Cyperus rotundus ....... 79, 136, 176, 292, 330,

343, 368, 396, 463, 616, 644, 645, 860, 892, 996, 1008, 1043, 1102, 1105, 1140, 1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1432, 1435

D

Daemia extensa .......................................... 797 Dalbergia emarginata ................................ 400 Dalbergia horrida 182, 398, 780, 1152, 1181,

1209, 1240, 1271, 1399, 1407, 1412 Dalbergia horrida var. horrida .... 1152, 1181,

1209, 1240, 1271, 1399 Dalbergia lanceolaria ssp. lanceolaria .. 1152,

1181, 1209, 1240, 1271 Dalbergia latifolia 49, 400, 1152, 1181, 1209,

1240, 1271, 1428, 1442 Dalbergia multiflora .................................. 398 Dalbergia oojeinensis ................................ 417 Dalbergia scandens .................................... 412

Dalbergia sissoo401, 1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1406

Dalbergia spinosa ...................................... 398 Dalbergia sympathetica ............................. 398 Dalbergia volubilis ..... 79, 239, 401, 500, 853,

1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271 Datura fastuosa .......................................... 403 Datura ferox ............................................... 404 Datura metel .....237, 403, 511, 525, 551, 709,

740, 962, 1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271, 1406

Datura stramonium ...... 403, 404, 1152, 1181, 1209, 1240, 1271

Datura tatula .............................................. 404 Datura wallichii ......................................... 404 Decalepis hamiltonii 1108, 1170, 1198, 1229,

1259, 1289, 1399, 1436, 1442 Delonix elata ......... 35, 406, 1152, 1181, 1209,

1240, 1271, 1368 Dendrobium barbatulum ....... 407, 408, 1152,

1181, 1210, 1240, 1271, 1399, 1438 Dendrobium ovatum... 407, 1152, 1181, 1210,

1240, 1271, 1399, 1438 Dendrocalamus strictus ....... 408, 1152, 1181,

1210, 1240, 1271, 1414 Dendrophthoe elasticus ............................. 553 Dendrophthoe falcata . 41, 176, 346, 409, 490,

554, 692, 750, 780, 1152, 1181, 1210, 1240, 1271, 1359, 1435

Dendrophthoe falcata var. falcata ......... 1152, 1181, 1210, 1240, 1271

Derris brevipes var. brevipes 412, 1152, 1181, 1210, 1240, 1271, 1399

Derris indica .............................................. 838 Derris scandens 412, 1152, 1181, 1210, 1240,

1271, 1407, 1435 Desmodium cephalotes .............................. 418 Desmodium gangeticum .. 412, 416, 421, 508,

954, 1152, 1181, 1210, 1240, 1271, 1435 Desmodium gyrans ..................................... 416 Desmodium heterocarpon ...... 414, 419, 1152,

1181, 1210, 1240, 1271, 1405, 1438 Desmodium heterophyllum .. 415, 1152, 1181,

1210, 1240, 1271, 1405, 1438 Desmodium laxiflorum ........ 415, 1152, 1181,

1210, 1240, 1271, 1435 Desmodium motorium 416, 1152, 1181, 1210,

1240, 1271, 1405 Desmodium polycarpum ............................ 414

1462

Desmodium recurvatum ............................. 415 Desmodium rufescens ............................... 1029 Desmodium triangulare ....... 418, 1152, 1181,

1210, 1241, 1271, 1405, 1438 Desmodium triflorum ....... 91, 333, 419, 1152,

1181, 1210, 1241, 1271, 1435 Desmodium triquetrum 420, 614, 1152, 1181,

1210, 1241, 1271, 1435 Desmostachya bipinnata .......... 599, 881, 1429 Dichrostachys cinerea ...... 83, 421, 845, 1152,

1181, 1210, 1241, 1271, 1435 Dillenia indica.. 422, 1152, 1181, 1210, 1241,

1271, 1411, 1442 Dillenia pentagyna......... 115, 423, 855, 1152,

1181, 1210, 1241, 1271 Dillenia speciosa ........................................ 422 Dioscorea alata 424, 1153, 1181, 1210, 1241,

1271 Dioscorea belophylla . 425, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1399, 1404 Dioscorea bulbifera ... 426, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272 Dioscorea daemona .................................... 427 Dioscorea globosa ...................................... 424 Dioscorea hispida ...... 427, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1404 Dioscorea oppositifolia ......... 428, 1153, 1181,

1210, 1241, 1272 Dioscorea pentaphylla 429, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1413 Dioscorea wallichii .... 430, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1404 Diospyros buxifolia .... 431, 1153, 1181, 1210,

1241, 1272 Diospyros canarica .................................... 431 Diospyros candolleana ......... 431, 1153, 1182,

1210, 1241, 1272, 1406, 1442 Diospyros embryopteris ............................. 432 Diospyros malabarica 432, 1153, 1182, 1210,

1241, 1272 Diospyros microphylla ............................... 431 Diospyros montana .... 434, 1153, 1182, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1406 Diospyros peregrina ................................... 432 Diploclisia glaucescens ........ 434, 1153, 1182,

1210, 1241, 1272 Diplocyclos palmatus . 435, 1153, 1182, 1210,

1241, 1272

Dipteracanthus patulus ........ 436, 1153, 1182, 1210, 1241, 1272, 1434, 1442

Dipterocarpus indicus 437, 1153, 1182, 1210, 1241, 1272, 1399, 1442

Dipterocarpus turbinatus ........................... 437 Dodonaea angustifolia ............................... 438 Dodonaea viscosa . 41, 438, 1153, 1182, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1367 Dolichos biflorus ........................................ 685 Dolichos falcatus ........................................ 439 Dolichos lablab .......................................... 645 Dolichos pruriens ....................................... 733 Dolichos purpureus .................................... 645 Dolichos scarabaeoides ............................. 230 Dolichos trilobus ........ 439, 1153, 1182, 1210,

1241, 1272, 1403 Dolichos virosus ......................................... 243 Dracaena terminalis .................................. 440 Dracaena terniflora ........ 440, 537, 848, 1153,

1182, 1211, 1241, 1272 Dregea volubilis ....................................... 1055 Drimia indica ........................................... 1032 Drosera indica ..441, 1153, 1182, 1211, 1241,

1272, 1442 Drynaria quercifolia. 34, 40, 441, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1241, 1272, 1296, 1322, 1332, 1365 Drypetes roxburghii ... 442, 1153, 1182, 1211,

1241, 1272 Dysophylla quadrifolia .............................. 835 Dysophylla stellata ..................................... 832

E

Ecbolium ligustrinum var. ligustrinum 1153, 1182, 1211, 1241, 1272

Ecbolium linneanum .................................. 443 Echites fragrans ......................................... 284 Echites grandiflora .................................... 284 Eclipta alba ................................................ 444 Eclipta prostrata ..... 40, 64, 80, 110, 312, 373,

444, 509, 559, 566, 632, 737, 768, 808, 822, 908, 988, 1057, 1058, 1076, 1153, 1182, 1211, 1241, 1272, 1339, 1406, 1435

Ehretia cuneata .......................................... 876 Eicchornia crassipes ............................... 1438 Elaeagnus conferta ...... 448, 647, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1241, 1272, 1404 Elaeagnus latifolia ..................................... 448 Elaeis guineensis ................... 449, 1211, 1241 Elaeocarpus angustifolius ................ 451, 1108

1463

Elaeocarpus ganitrus .........83, 451, 452, 900, 1108, 1170, 1198, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1435

Elaeocarpus oblongus ................................ 450 Elaeocarpus serratus var. serratus ........ 1153,

1182, 1211, 1241, 1272 Elaeocarpus sphaericus .. 34, 451, 452, 1153,

1182, 1211, 1241, 1272, 1376, 1435 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus .... 452, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1241, 1272, 1404, 1435 Elate sylvestris ............................................ 800 Eleaegnus conferta ............................. 217, 343 Elephantopus scaber ... 394, 452, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1241, 1272, 1411, 1413 Elettaria cardamomum......... 455, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1241, 1272 Eleusine coracana 456, 458, 571, 1139, 1153,

1182, 1211, 1242, 1272, 1435 Eleusine indica 457, 1153, 1182, 1211, 1242,

1272, 1404, 1435 Ellertonia rheedei ....................................... 641 Embelia glandulifera .................................. 458 Embelia ribes ..... 81, 176, 221, 299, 343, 458,

461, 462, 658, 689, 764, 819, 821, 847, 872, 1009, 1043, 1074, 1102, 1107, 1131, 1153, 1182, 1211, 1242, 1272, 1435, 1442

Embelia robusta ......................................... 460 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam ...... 460, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1242, 1272, 1404, 1435, 1442 Embelia villosa ........................................... 460 Emblica officinalis ...................................... 807 Emilia sonchifolia ....... 461, 549, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1242, 1272 Ensete superbum ..... 40, 94, 463, 1153, 1182,

1211, 1242, 1272, 1344, 1399, 1405, 1442 Entada monostachya .................................. 464 Entada pursaetha ............................. 464, 1357 Entada rheedei . 464, 1153, 1182, 1211, 1242,

1272, 1406 Entada scandens ......................................... 464 Epidendrum aloifolium ............................... 388 Epidendrum ovatum ................................... 407 Epidendrum pendulum ............................... 388 Epidendrum retusum .................................. 870 Epidendrum sterile ..................................... 219 Epidendrum tessellatum ........................... 1035 Eranthemum malabaricum ......................... 849 Eranthemum roseum . 466, 1154, 1182, 1211,

1242, 1273, 1399, 1435 Eriodendron anfractuosum ........................ 268

Eriodendron pentandrum ........................... 268 Ervatamia coronaria .................................. 977 Ervatamia divaricata ................................. 977 Ervatamia heyneana .................................. 978 Erycibe paniculata ..... 466, 1154, 1182, 1211,

1242, 1273, 1406 Erycibe wightiana ...................................... 466 Eryngium foetidum .... 467, 1154, 1182, 1211,

1242, 1273, 1404 Erythrina indica ......................................... 469 Erythrina stricta ......... 468, 1154, 1182, 1211,

1242, 1273, 1435 Erythrina variegata ...... 83, 87, 221, 269, 469,

509, 758, 817, 839, 851, 855, 933, 1018, 1154, 1182, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1403, 1429, 1432, 1435

Erythroxylum indicum ................................ 471 Erythroxylum monogynum .... 471, 623, 1154,

1182, 1211, 1242, 1273 Eucalyptus tereticornis 472, 489, 1154, 1211,

1242, 1273 Eugenia aquea ............................................ 968 Eugenia caryophyllata ............................... 969 Eugenia hemispherica ................................ 973 Eugenia jambolana .................................... 972 Eugenia jambos .......................................... 974 Eugenia zeylanica ...................................... 976 Euodia lunu-ankenda ................................. 701 Eupatorium ayapana .................................. 473 Eupatorium odoratum ................................ 285 Eupatorium triplinerve .. 473, 522, 673, 1154,

1182, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1300, 1433 Euphorbia antiquorum ........... 277, 1402, 1435 Euphorbia hirta .. 34, 41, 210, 474, 479, 1154,

1183, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1343, 1358, 1436 Euphorbia neriifolia ................................... 476 Euphorbia nivulia ...... 80, 212, 222, 237, 476,

780, 830, 1130, 1154, 1183, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1402

Euphorbia thymifolia ....... 41, 475, 478, 1154, 1183, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1328, 1410, 1436

Euphorbia tirucalli ..... 479, 1102, 1154, 1183, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1402

Eusteralis deccanensis ............................... 832 Eusteralis quadrifolia ................................ 835 Evolvulus alsinoides var. alsinoides ...... 1183,

1211, 1242, 1273 Evolvulus nummularius ......... 482, 483, 1154,

1183, 1211, 1242, 1273, 1436

1464

Exacum bicolor ........................................... 483 Exacum tetragonum .. 483, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273, 1399 Excoecaria agallocha .. 484, 896, 1154, 1183,

1212, 1242, 1273

F

Fagara budrunga ..................................... 1069 Fagara rhetsa ........................................... 1069 Fagraea ceilanica ....... 485, 1212, 1402, 1412 Fagraea coromandelina ............................. 485 Fagraea malabarica ................................... 485 Fagraea obovata ........................................ 485 Falconeria insignis ..................................... 895 Falconeria malabarica ............................... 895 Feronia elephantum ................................... 669 Ferula asafoetida ..... 1109, 1170, 1198, 1229,

1259, 1289, 1436 Ficus amplissima 485, 502, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273, 1301, 1436 Ficus arnottiana ........ 486, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273, 1404, 1405 Ficus asperrima ................................ 492, 1034 Ficus auriculata ......... 487, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273 Ficus benghalensis . 34, 39, 81, 240, 368, 488,

495, 496, 499, 995, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1347, 1377, 1428, 1429, 1431

Ficus benghalensis var. benghalensis ... 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273

Ficus callosa .... 491, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1408

Ficus exasperata ........ 492, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1408

Ficus gibbosa .............................................. 500 Ficus glomerata .......................................... 496 Ficus hispida .... 493, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242,

1273, 1403, 1408 Ficus infectoria ........................................... 502 Ficus macrophylla ...................................... 487 Ficus microcarpa ..... 368, 486, 489, 494, 496,

499, 995, 1082, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1301, 1429

Ficus oppositifolia ...................................... 493 Ficus racemosa ...... 35, 41, 83, 240, 330, 368,

393, 488, 489, 494, 495, 496, 499, 573, 577, 808, 986, 995, 1031, 1082, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1306, 1356, 1403, 1405

Ficus religiosa ..368, 454, 487, 489, 495, 496, 498, 995, 1002, 1031, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242, 1273, 1405, 1428

Ficus retusa ................................................ 494 Ficus roxburghii ......................................... 487 Ficus tinctoria ssp. gibbosa 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273 Ficus tsiela ................................................. 485 Ficus tsjahela ...... 486, 501, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1242, 1273, 1301, 1406, 1428, 1436 Ficus virens.......502, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1242,

1273, 1301, 1428, 1430, 1432 Fissendocarpa linifolia .............................. 677 Flacourtia cataphracta .............................. 504 Flacourtia indica .. 389, 503, 853, 1154, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1273 Flacourtia jangomas ...... 41, 504, 1154, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1273, 1412 Flacourtia montana ..... 269, 505, 1154, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1273, 1399, 1412 Flacourtia ramontchi ................................. 503 Flacourtia sepiaria .................................... 503 Flemingia bracteata ................................... 507 Flemingia congesta .................................... 506 Flemingia macrophylla ........ 506, 1154, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1273, 1438 Flemingia semialata ................................... 506 Flemingia strobilifera 507, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1243, 1273, 1404, 1435 Flemingia tuberosa .... 508, 1154, 1183, 1212,

1243, 1273, 1400, 1442, 1446 Flueggea leucopyrus .. 79, 182, 269, 508, 571,

622, 978, 1154, 1183, 1212, 1243, 1273 Foeniculum vulgare ......... 41, 80, 1111, 1125,

1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1326 Fomes fomentarius ..... 511, 1155, 1183, 1212,

1243, 1274, 1296 Forsytha mala-elengi ................................. 283 Fritillaria roylei ........ 1112, 1170, 1199, 1229,

1259, 1289

G

Garcinia cambogia .................................... 512 Garcinia gummi-gutta var. gummi-gutta

......................1155, 1183, 1212, 1243, 1274 Garcinia indica ..... 387, 513, 739, 1155, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1274, 1400, 1442 Garcinia malabarica .................................. 432

1465

Garcinia morella .. 490, 514, 516, 1155, 1183, 1212, 1243, 1274, 1412, 1442

Garcinia pictoria ........................................ 514 Garcinia pictorius ...................................... 515 Garcinia purpurea ...................................... 513 Garcinia tinctoria ....................................... 515 Garcinia xanthochymus ....... 515, 1155, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1274 Gardenia angusta ....................................... 516 Gardenia florida ......................................... 516 Gardenia jasminoides 516, 1155, 1183, 1212,

1243, 1274 Gardenia lucida .......................................... 517 Gardenia resinifera ..... 269, 517, 1155, 1183,

1212, 1243, 1274, 1436 Garuga pinnata 518, 1155, 1183, 1212, 1243,

1274, 1404, 1413 Geissaspis cristata ...... 519, 1155, 1184, 1212,

1243, 1274 Gendarussa vulgaris .................................. 633 Geophila herbacea ..................................... 520 Geophila reniformis ................................... 520 Geophila repens . 520, 616, 1155, 1184, 1212,

1243, 1274, 1406 Girardinia diversifolia 521, 1155, 1184, 1212,

1243, 1274 Girardinia heterophylla ............................. 521 Girardinia leschenaultiana ........................ 521 Gliricidia macualata .................................. 522 Gliricidia sepium ....... 522, 1155, 1184, 1212,

1243, 1274 Globba ophioglossa .......................... 523, 1400 Globba sessiliflora ..... 523, 1155, 1184, 1212,

1243, 1274, 1404, 1440 Glochidion zeylanicum var. zeylanicum 1155,

1184, 1213, 1243, 1274 Gloriosa superba .. 39, 524, 1155, 1184, 1213,

1243, 1274, 1320, 1442 Glycosmis arborea ..................................... 526 Glycosmis pentaphylla . 526, 542, 1155, 1184,

1213, 1243, 1274, 1431 Glycyrrhiza glabra 64, 66, 146, 175, 222, 273,

362, 373, 393, 446, 456, 490, 497, 559, 616, 627, 632, 759, 771, 809, 819, 857, 863, 872, 873, 916, 919, 933, 964, 994, 1007, 1008, 1014, 1040, 1043, 1060, 1075, 1090, 1109, 1113, 1140, 1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289

Gmelina arborea ..... 136, 528, 530, 635, 1009, 1016, 1140, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1243, 1274, 1436

Gmelina asiatica ......... 529, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1243, 1274

Gmelina parviflora ..................................... 529 Gnetum edule ...... 530, 883, 1155, 1184, 1213,

1243, 1274, 1296 Gnetum scandens ....................................... 530 Gnetum ula ................................................. 530 Gomphia angustifolia ................................. 531 Gomphia serrata ......... 531, 1155, 1184, 1213,

1243, 1274, 1437, 1443 Gomphrena brasiliana ............................... 117 Gomphrena celosioides ........ 531, 1155, 1184,

1213, 1243, 1274 Gomphrena decumbens .............................. 531 Gossypium arboreum . 532, 1155, 1184, 1213,

1243, 1274 Gossypium barbadense .... 92, 103, 533, 1155,

1184, 1213, 1243, 1274 Gossypium hirsutum .. 535, 1155, 1184, 1213,

1243, 1274 Gossypium perenne .................................... 532 Grangea maderaspatana ...... 536, 1155, 1184,

1213, 1243, 1274, 1433 Graptophyllum hortense ............................ 537 Graptophyllum pictum . 110, 537, 1155, 1184,

1213, 1243, 1274 Grewia disperma ........................................ 538 Grewia glabra ......... 175, 538, 736, 742, 1155,

1184, 1213, 1243, 1274, 1436 Grewia leptopetala ..................................... 540 Grewia microcos ........................................ 539 Grewia nervosa .539, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1243,

1274 Grewia serrulata ........................................ 538 Grewia tiliifolia .540, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1243,

1274 Guizotia abyssinica ... 1114, 1170, 1199, 1229,

1259, 1289 Gymnacranthera canarica ......................... 541 Gymnacranthera farquhariana ....... 541, 743,

1155, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1274, 1302, 1400, 1437, 1443

Gymnema sylvestre ... 34, 41, 541, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1274, 1329, 1346

Gymnostachyum alatum ............................. 543

1466

Gynandropsis gynandra 79, 544, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1274, 1434

Gynandropsis pentaphylla ......................... 544 Gynura crepidioides ................................... 348

H

Habenaria diphylla .... 545, 1155, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1274, 1437

Habenaria grandiflora ............................... 546 Habenaria grandifloriformis ......... 546, 1155,

1184, 1213, 1244, 1274, 1400, 1437 Habenaria jerdoniana ................................ 545 Habenaria rotundifolia .............................. 546 Haldina cordifolia 546, 753, 763, 1066, 1156,

1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1409, 1428, 1437 Hardwickia pinnata .................................... 642 Hedychium coronarium ......... 547, 802, 1156,

1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1443 Hedyotis auricularia ........ 239, 548, 699, 860,

1156, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1300, 1433 Hedyotis corymbosa . 136, 318, 397, 405, 550,

552, 722, 892, 1008, 1043, 1156, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1436

Hedyotis herbacea ..... 551, 1156, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1436

Hedyotis neesiana ...... 552, 1156, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1300, 1437, 1443

Hedyotis nitida............................................ 552 Hedysarum bracteatum .............................. 507 Hedysarum diphyllum .............................. 1083 Hedysarum gangeticum .............................. 412 Hedysarum heterocarpon ........................... 414 Hedysarum heterophyllum ......................... 415 Hedysarum motorium ................................. 416 Hedysarum polycarpum ............................. 414 Hedysarum recurvatum .............................. 415 Hedysarum sennoides ................................. 776 Hedysarum strobiliferum ........................... 507 Hedysarum triangulare .............................. 418 Hedysarum triflorum .................................. 419 Hedysarum triquetrum ............................... 420 Hedysarum viscidum .................................. 848 Helianthus annus ...... 553, 1156, 1184, 1213,

1244, 1275 Helicanthes elastica ... 553, 1156, 1184, 1213,

1244, 1275, 1400, 1435 Helicteres isora .... 320, 554, 734, 1156, 1184,

1213, 1244, 1275

Heliotropium indicum .. 556, 995, 1074, 1156, 1184, 1213, 1244, 1275

Hemidesmus indicus .... 34, 176, 261, 273, 387, 497, 557, 559, 585, 595, 596, 602, 759, 847, 872, 878, 928, 931, 995, 1007, 1009, 1108, 1120, 1130, 1140, 1156, 1185, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1308, 1436

Hemidesmus indicus var. indicus 1156, 1185, 1213, 1244, 1275

Hemigraphis colorata 559, 1156, 1185, 1213, 1244, 1275, 1300, 1433

Hemionitis arifolia ..................................... 790 Herpestis monnieria ................................... 179 Heterophragma quadriloculare ...... 560, 1403 Heterophragma roxburghii ... 560, 1156, 1185,

1214, 1244, 1275, 1400 Hexacentris mysorensis ........................... 1006 Hibiscus abelmoschus .................................. 63 Hibiscus aculeatus ..................................... 561 Hibiscus barbadensis ................................. 533 Hibiscus esculentus ...................................... 61 Hibiscus furcatus ........................................ 561 Hibiscus heptaphyllus ................................ 564 Hibiscus hispidissimus . 561, 569, 1042, 1156,

1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1436 Hibiscus lampas ....................................... 1000 Hibiscus manihot .......................................... 62 Hibiscus mutabilis ...... 563, 1156, 1185, 1214,

1244, 1275 Hibiscus odoratus ...................................... 794 Hibiscus pachmaricus ................................ 564 Hibiscus populneus .................................. 1001 Hibiscus radiatus .. 63, 564, 1156, 1185, 1214,

1244, 1275, 1404, 1433 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. rosa-sinensis

......................1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus

......................1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275 Hibiscus schizopetalus ............................... 568 Hibiscus surattensis ... 568, 1156, 1185, 1214,

1244, 1275, 1436 Hibiscus zeylanicus .................................... 795 Hippocratea arnottiana ............................. 675 Hippocratea indica .................................... 865 Hiptage benghalensis ..... 34, 569, 1156, 1185,

1214, 1244, 1275, 1320 Hiptage madablota ..................................... 569 Holarrhena antidysenterica ....................... 570

1467

Holarrhena pubescens .......98, 312, 387, 570, 601, 641, 952, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1414, 1436, 1443

Holigarna arnottiana ...... 235, 239, 500, 572, 574, 616, 699, 851, 943, 991, 999, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1300, 1367, 1400, 1403, 1436, 1439

Holigarna ferruginea 573, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1400, 1436

Holoptelea integrifolia .... 39, 450, 574, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1356, 1436

Holostemma ada-kodien ........ 576, 663, 1060, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1244, 1275, 1301, 1302, 1407, 1414, 1436, 1443

Holostemma annulare ................................ 576 Homalocladium platycladum ......... 577, 1156,

1185, 1214, 1244, 1275 Homonoia retusa ....... 578, 1156, 1185, 1214,

1244, 1275, 1400, 1409, 1439 Homonoia riparia 578, 579, 954, 1156, 1185,

1214, 1244, 1275, 1409, 1439 Hopea ponga .... 580, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1245,

1275, 1400, 1406, 1443 Hopea wightiana ........................................ 580 Hordeum sativum ..................................... 1115 Hordeum vulgare ..... 81, 94, 205, 1018, 1115,

1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289 Hoya ovalifolia . 581, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1245,

1275, 1407 Hugonia mystax582, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1245,

1275, 1412 Humboldtia brunonis 583, 1156, 1185, 1214,

1245, 1275, 1400, 1405, 1439 Hybanthus enneaspermus ..34, 559, 567, 584,

1007, 1156, 1185, 1214, 1245, 1275, 1437 Hydnocarpus alpina .... 585, 658, 1156, 1185,

1214, 1245, 1275, 1400, 1443 Hydnocarpus laurifolia .............................. 587 Hydnocarpus macrocarpa .... 586, 1156, 1185,

1214, 1245, 1275, 1400, 1443 Hydnocarpus pendulus ............................... 585 Hydnocarpus pentandra .. 446, 587, 723, 995,

1157, 1185, 1214, 1245, 1275, 1400, 1443 Hydnocarpus wightiana ............................. 587 Hydrocotyle asiatica .................................. 271 Hydrocotyle hispida ................................... 588 Hydrocotyle javanica . 588, 1157, 1185, 1214,

1245, 1276, 1404, 1434 Hydrocotyle polycephala ........................... 588

Hydrocotyle rotundifolia ............................ 589 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides .. 589, 1157, 1185,

1214, 1245, 1276, 1434 Hydrocotyle tenella .................................... 589 Hygrophila angustifolia ............................. 590 Hygrophila auriculata ............................... 590 Hygrophila erecta ...................................... 590 Hygrophila ringens .... 590, 1157, 1185, 1214,

1245, 1276 Hygrophila schulli ...... 590, 1018, 1157, 1185,

1214, 1245, 1276, 1412 Hymenodictyon excelsum ........................... 592 Hymenodictyon obovatum ..... 592, 593, 1157,

1185, 1214, 1245, 1276, 1400, 1434 Hymenodictyon orixense...... 592, 1157, 1185,

1214, 1245, 1276 Hyoscyamus niger ...... 11, 221, 226, 298, 420,

665, 740, 771, 782, 817, 851, 904, 952, 1040, 1078, 1110, 1116, 1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289

Hypoxis trichocarpa ................................... 721 Hyptis capitata ..593, 1157, 1185, 1214, 1245,

1276, 1410 Hyptis rhomboidea ..................................... 593 Hyptis suaveolens ....... 594, 1157, 1185, 1214,

1245, 1276, 1403, 1409

I

Ichnocarpus frutescens .. 34, 595, 1157, 1185, 1215, 1245, 1276, 1406, 1407, 1436

Impatiens flaccida ...... 596, 1157, 1185, 1215, 1245, 1276, 1436

Impatiens kleinii ......................................... 597 Impatiens minor ......... 597, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276, 1400, 1436 Imperata arundinacea ................................ 598 Imperata cylindrica ...... 598, 881, 1157, 1186,

1215, 1245, 1276 Indigofera enneaphylla .............................. 599 Indigofera linnaei ....... 599, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276 Indigofera sumatrana ................................. 600 Indigofera tinctoria .. 273, 393, 509, 577, 600,

606, 610, 613, 622, 704, 854, 864, 884, 979, 990, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1245, 1276, 1436

Inula racemosa .853, 1117, 1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1436

Ionidium enneaspermum ............................ 584

1468

Ionidium suffruticosum ..................... 584, 1310 Ipomoea aculeata ....... 602, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276, 1406, 1443, 1446 Ipomoea alba .... 603, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1245,

1276 Ipomoea aquatica 41, 603, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276, 1361 Ipomoea asarifolia ....... 604, 613, 1157, 1186,

1215, 1245, 1276, 1436 Ipomoea batatas . 605, 934, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276 Ipomoea biloba ........................................... 610 Ipomoea blancoii ........................................ 612 Ipomoea bona-nox ...................................... 603 Ipomoea cymosa ......................................... 709 Ipomoea digitata ......................................... 607 Ipomoea elliptica ........................................ 153 Ipomoea hederacea .................................... 608 Ipomoea hepaticifolia ................................. 611 Ipomoea marginata 392, 606, 613, 616, 1157,

1186, 1215, 1245, 1276, 1436 Ipomoea mauritiana ........ 88, 607, 950, 1060,

1157, 1186, 1215, 1245, 1276, 1413 Ipomoea nil ...... 608, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1245,

1276 Ipomoea obscura ....... 609, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276 Ipomoea paniculata .................................... 607 Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. pes-caprae ..... 1157,

1186, 1215, 1245, 1276 Ipomoea pes-tigridis .. 611, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1245, 1276 Ipomoea repens .......................................... 604 Ipomoea reptans ......................................... 603 Ipomoea sepiaria ........................................ 606 Ipomoea triloba 612, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1245,

1276, 1436 Ipomoea turpethum..................................... 708 Ipomoea vitifolia ......................................... 710 Ixora brachiata .. 259, 613, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1246, 1276, 1400 Ixora coccinea.... 84, 102, 175, 239, 254, 261,

269, 318, 331, 383, 385, 394, 459, 498, 566, 614, 617, 623, 640, 676, 705, 769, 786, 853, 864, 884, 920, 971, 1038, 1082, 1140, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276, 1430

Ixora nigricans 617, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276

J

Jambolifera pedunculata ............................. 84 Jambosa hemispherica ............................... 973 Jambosa vulgaris ....................................... 974 Jasminum angustifolium var. angustifolium

......................1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276 Jasminum auriculatum ........ 618, 1157, 1186,

1215, 1246, 1276, 1408 Jasminum azoricum .................................... 620 Jasminum bracteatum ................................ 624 Jasminum coarctatum 619, 1157, 1186, 1215,

1246, 1276, 1404 Jasminum flexile var. flexile ........ 1157, 1186,

1215 Jasminum grandiflorum .... 79, 470, 509, 618,

621, 768, 822, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276, 1408, 1436

Jasminum malabaricum .... 176, 182, 239, 261, 320, 435, 621, 623, 705, 823, 864, 1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276, 1300, 1400, 1404, 1408, 1409, 1436

Jasminum malabaricum var. malabaricum ........... 1157, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1276, 1400

Jasminum multiflorum ........ 624, 1158, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1277, 1402, 1408

Jasminum ovalifolium ................................ 618 Jasminum pubescens .................................. 624 Jasminum rottlerianum .............................. 619 Jasminum sambac 625, 640, 933, 1158, 1186,

1215, 1246, 1277, 1408 Jatropha curcas 205, 240, 256, 510, 615, 626,

630, 1158, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1277 Jatropha glandulifera 628, 1158, 1186, 1215,

1246, 1277 Jatropha gossypifolia ... 629, 853, 1158, 1186,

1215, 1246, 1277, 1404 Jatropha multifida ...... 630, 1158, 1186, 1215,

1246, 1277 Jussiaea hyssopifolia.................................. 677 Jussiaea suffruticosa .................................. 678 Justicia adhatoda ... 39, 41, 79, 136, 157, 329,

343, 368, 383, 519, 536, 631, 819, 918, 1008, 1014, 1053, 1074, 1087, 1158, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1277

Justicia fulgida ........................................... 321 Justicia gendarussa ...... 146, 633, 1158, 1186,

1215, 1246, 1277, 1409 Justicia infundibuliformis .......................... 353

1469

Justicia nagpurensis ...... 634, 635, 636, 1158, 1186, 1215, 1246, 1277, 1400, 1436

Justicia nasuta ............................................ 868 Justicia nutans ............................................ 321 Justicia picta ............................................... 537 Justicia procumbens .. 635, 1158, 1186, 1216,

1246, 1277, 1436 Justicia rosea .............................................. 466 Justicia serpyllifolia ................................... 634 Justicia simplex var. serpyllifolia............... 634 Justicia trinervia ........ 636, 1158, 1186, 1216,

1246, 1277, 1300, 1400, 1437

K

Kaempferia galanga ...... 636, 809, 847, 1008, 1158, 1186, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1443

Kaempferia rotunda .. 638, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1405, 1413

Kalanchoe pinnata ...... 41, 92, 320, 615, 639, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1404, 1412

Kammetia caryophyllata ...... 641, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1400, 1407

Kingiodendron pinnatum ..... 642, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1400, 1405, 1443

Kirganelia reticulata .................................. 811 Knema attenuata ........ 642, 1158, 1187, 1216,

1246, 1277, 1400, 1443 Kyllinga brevifolia var. brevifolia 1158, 1187,

1216, 1246, 1277 Kyllinga monocephala ................................ 644 Kyllinga nemoralis .... 644, 1158, 1187, 1216,

1246, 1277, 1435

L

Lablab purpureus ........ 244, 645, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277

Lagenandra insignis ................................... 646 Lagenandra ovata 175, 646, 648, 1158, 1187,

1216, 1246, 1277, 1436 Lagenandra toxicaria var. toxicaria ...... 1158,

1187, 1216, 1246, 1277 Lagenaria siceraria . 238, 318, 446, 454, 648,

934, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1376, 1403, 1407

Lagenaria vulgaris ..................................... 648 Lagerstroemia flos-reginae ........................ 651 Lagerstroemia hirsuta ................................ 651 Lagerstroemia lanceolata .......................... 650

Lagerstroemia microcarpa ....... 49, 650, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1246, 1277, 1400

Lagerstroemia reginae ............................... 651 Lagerstroemia speciosa 446, 651, 1158, 1187,

1216, 1246, 1277, 1440 Languas galanga ........................................ 112 Lannea coromandelica 500, 652, 1158, 1187,

1216, 1246, 1277, 1432 Lantana aculeata ........................................ 653 Lantana camara var. camara ...... 1158, 1187,

1216, 1247, 1277 Laportea interrupta ...... 204, 654, 1158, 1187,

1216, 1247, 1277, 1300 Lasiobema scandens .................................. 192 Laurus camphora ....................................... 289 Laurus malabatrum .................................... 290 Lawsonia alba ............................................ 655 Lawsonia inermis ....... 41, 185, 282, 386, 622,

640, 655, 658, 988, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1277, 1319, 1385

Leea asiatica .....656, 1042, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1277

Leea aspera ................................................ 656 Leea crispa ................................................. 656 Leea herbacea ............................................ 656 Leea indica ........657, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1247,

1277 Leea sambucina .......................................... 657 Lemna minor .............................................. 659 Lemna paucicostata ................................... 659 Lemna perpusilla ........ 659, 1158, 1187, 1216,

1247, 1277 Lepidagathis incurva var. mucronata ..... 146,

1158, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1277, 1300, 1400, 1437

Lepidagathis keralensis 660, 661, 1158, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1277, 1302, 1400, 1405, 1412, 1436

Lepidagathis mucronata ............................ 659 Lepidagathis prostrata . 661, 853, 1019, 1158,

1187, 1216, 1247, 1277, 1302, 1400, 1405, 1412, 1436

Lepidium didymium .................................... 340 Leptadenia imberbis ................................... 662 Leptadenia reticulata ..... 42, 662, 1158, 1187,

1216, 1247, 1277, 1301, 1302, 1414, 1436 Lettsomia elliptica ...................................... 153 Leucas aspera ..... 41, 236, 261, 326, 496, 509,

527, 542, 663, 668, 675, 723, 851, 983,

1470

1053, 1111, 1159, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1277, 1302, 1361, 1432

Leucas biflora .. 666, 1159, 1187, 1216, 1247, 1278, 1312

Leucas indica .............................................. 667 Leucas lavandulifolia 667, 1159, 1187, 1216,

1247, 1278, 1410 Leucas procumbens .................................... 666 Leucoxylum buxifolium .............................. 431 Lilium polyphyllum . 1112, 1118, 1170, 1199,

1229, 1259, 1289 Limnophila conferta ................................... 668 Limnophila gratioloides ............................. 668 Limnophila indica ....... 668, 669, 1159, 1187,

1216, 1247, 1278, 1437 Limnophila repens ..... 668, 1159, 1187, 1216,

1247, 1278, 1437 Limonia acidissima ........ 83, 669, 1159, 1187,

1216, 1247, 1278, 1403, 1443 Limonia aurantifolia .................................. 303 Limonia crenulata ...................................... 749 Limonia monophylla ................................... 170 Limonia pentaphylla ................................... 526 Lindernia caespitosa .. 670, 1159, 1187, 1216,

1247, 1278 Lindernia crustacea ... 671, 1159, 1187, 1217,

1247, 1278 Lindernia pusilla ........................................ 670 Linociera malabarica ................................. 283 Linum usitatissimum 1119, 1170, 1199, 1229,

1259, 1289, 1428 Lippia nodiflora ...................................... 8, 803 Litsea chinensis .......................................... 673 Litsea coriacea 114, 146, 671, 673, 983, 1159,

1187, 1217, 1247, 1278, 1400, 1433 Litsea ghatica ..... 672, 674, 1159, 1187, 1217,

1247, 1278, 1300, 1400, 1437 Litsea glutinosa ........ 114, 146, 497, 672, 673,

1159, 1187, 1217, 1247, 1278, 1300, 1437 Litsea sebifera ............................................ 673 Lobelia nicotianifolia var. nicotianifolia

..................... 1159, 1187, 1217, 1247, 1278 Lochnera pusilla ......................................... 264 Lochnera rosea ........................................... 265 Loeseneriella arnottiana . 239, 622, 675, 705,

1159, 1188, 1217, 1247, 1278, 1300, 1400, 1406, 1437, 1439

Lophopetalum wightianum .. 676, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1247, 1278, 1443

Loranthus elasticus .................................... 553 Loranthus falcatus ...................................... 409 Loranthus longiflorus ................................. 409 Ludwigia hyssopifolia 677, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1247, 1278 Ludwigia octovalvis ssp. sessiliflora ...... 1159,

1217, 1247, 1278 Luffa acutangula var. acutangula ........ 1159,

1188, 1217, 1247, 1278 Luffa acutangula var. amara ....... 1159, 1188,

1217, 1247, 1278, 1403 Luffa aegyptiaca ......................................... 681 Luffa cylindrica 681, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1247,

1278 Lycopersicon esculentum ..... 682, 1159, 1188,

1217, 1247, 1278 Lycopersicon lycopersicum ........................ 682 Lygodium flexuosum .. 683, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1247, 1278, 1296, 1406

M

Macaranga peltata ....... 255, 684, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1247, 1278, 1432

Macaranga roxburghii ............................... 684 Machilus macrantha .................................. 798 Macrotyloma uniflorum ......... 230, 685, 1159,

1188, 1217, 1247, 1278 Madhuca indica .......................................... 686 Madhuca latifolia ....................................... 686 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia. 1159, 1188,

1217, 1247, 1278 Madhuca neriifolia . 221, 687, 995, 999, 1031,

1140, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1248, 1278, 1404, 1431, 1443

Maesa dubia ............................................... 688 Maesa indica .....688, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1248,

1278 Maesa perrottetiana ................................... 688 Malaxis rheedei .......................................... 905 Mallotus philippensis var. philippensis . 1159,

1188, 1217, 1248, 1278 Mammea longifolia .................................... 690 Mammea suriga .. 690, 822, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278, 1400, 1443 Mangifera indica 41, 164, 235, 239, 310, 336,

397, 410, 497, 691, 749, 852, 971, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1248, 1278, 1376, 1430

Mangostana morella .................................. 514

1471

Manihot esculenta ..... 693, 1159, 1188, 1217, 1248, 1278

Manihot utilissima ...................................... 693 Manilkara hexandra .. 694, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278, 1443 Manilkara zapota695, 851, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278 Mappa peltata ............................................. 684 Mappia foetida............................................ 757 Maranta arundinacea ...... 377, 378, 696, 953,

1159, 1188, 1217, 1248, 1278, 1430, 1437 Marrubium hamatum .................................. 697 Marrubium vulgaris .. 697, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278 Marsdenia volubilis .................................. 1055 Marsilea minuta ......... 698, 1159, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278, 1296, 1403 Melanthesa rhamnoides ............................. 213 Melastoma malabathricum ...... 221, 239, 269,

336, 550, 615, 698, 782, 1160, 1188, 1217, 1248, 1278, 1437

Melia azadirachta ....................................... 174 Melia azedarach ... 34, 699, 1160, 1188, 1217,

1248, 1278, 1393, 1403, 1410, 1434 Melia baccifera ........................................... 292 Melia composita ......................................... 700 Melia dubia ...... 700, 1160, 1188, 1217, 1248,

1279, 1403, 1410, 1434 Melia superba ............................................. 700 Melicope lunu-ankenda .. 85, 701, 1160, 1188,

1217, 1248, 1279 Memecylon amplexicaule ........................... 703 Memecylon angustifolium .... 702, 1160, 1188,

1218, 1248, 1279 Memecylon edule ........................................ 705 Memecylon grande .... 703, 1160, 1188, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1437, 1443 Memecylon malabaricum ..................... 33, 703 Memecylon randerianum 102, 222, 239, 254,

273, 393, 676, 703, 851, 857, 1160, 1188, 1218, 1248, 1279, 1400

Memecylon umbellatum .. 129, 393, 614, 703, 705, 884, 1160, 1188, 1218, 1248, 1279, 1437

Menispermum fenestratum ......................... 342 Menispermum hirsutum .............................. 327 Menispermum peltatum .............................. 385 Mentha piperita . 706, 708, 1160, 1188, 1218,

1248, 1279

Mentha spicata .707, 1160, 1188, 1218, 1248, 1279

Mentha viridis ............................................ 707 Merremia hastata ..................................... 1065 Merremia tridentata ....................... 1065, 1066 Merremia turpethum .... 708, 994, 1160, 1188,

1218, 1248, 1279, 1443 Merremia umbellata ... 709, 1160, 1188, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1406 Merremia vitifolia ....... 710, 1160, 1188, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1406 Mesua ferrea var. ferrea .... 1160, 1189, 1218,

1248, 1279 Mesua nagassarium ................................... 711 Michelia champaca ........ 243, 639, 712, 1160,

1189, 1218, 1248, 1279, 1405, 1432, 1443 Micrococca mercurialis ....... 713, 1160, 1189,

1218, 1248, 1279, 1433 Microcos paniculata .................................. 539 Microstachys chamaelea ............................ 904 Miliusa tomentosa ...... 714, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1443 Millingtonia hortensis 714, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1408, 1439 Mimosa cinera ............................................ 421 Mimosa dulcis ............................................ 825 Mimosa juliflora ......................................... 845 Mimosa pudica ....... 41, 715, 759, 1160, 1189,

1218, 1248, 1279, 1343, 1412 Mimosa torta ................................................ 73 Mimosa xylocarpa .................................... 1067 Mimusops elengi ... 284, 450, 717, 1120, 1160,

1189, 1218, 1248, 1279 Mimusops hexandra ................................... 694 Mirabilis jalapa ...... 34, 719, 803, 1160, 1189,

1218, 1248, 1279, 1345, 1408 Mitragyna parvifolia ...... 720, 753, 763, 1160,

1189, 1218, 1248, 1279, 1409, 1437 Modecca palmata ......................................... 87 Moghania macrophylla .............................. 506 Moghania tuberosa .................................... 508 Molineria finlaysoniana ............................. 721 Molineria trichocarpa 721, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1248, 1279, 1435 Mollugo pentaphylla .... 722, 878, 1160, 1189,

1218, 1248, 1279, 1436 Mollugo stricta ........................................... 722 Momordica charantia var. charantia ...... 724,

1160, 1189, 1218, 1248, 1279

1472

Momordica charantia var. muricata ..... 1160, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279

Momordica cylindrica ................................ 681 Momordica dioica ...... 724, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279, 1404 Momordica lanata ...................................... 302 Momordica muricata .................................. 724 Moniera cuneifolia ..................................... 179 Monocera tuberculata ................................ 452 Monochoria vaginalis 726, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279, 1409, 1438 Monstera pertusa ........................................ 867 Morinda bracteata ...................................... 727 Morinda citrifolia .... 34, 45, 727, 1140, 1160,

1189, 1218, 1249, 1279, 1360 Morinda pubescens .... 728, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279 Morinda tinctoria ....................................... 728 Morinda umbellata .... 729, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279 Moringa oleifera ............................... 729, 1325 Moringa pterygosperma ....... 40, 65, 176, 237,

509, 729, 903, 995, 1045, 1074, 1160, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279, 1400

Morus alba . 41, 732, 1160, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279

Moullava spicata ........................................ 228 Mucuna pruriens .... 11, 34, 62, 129, 733, 734,

872, 1160, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279, 1375 Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens.... 1160, 1189,

1218, 1249, 1279 Mucuna prurita ........................................... 733 Muehlenbeckia platyclados ........................ 577 Mukia maderaspatana735, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279 Mukia scabrella .......................................... 735 Muntingia calabura ... 735, 1160, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279, 1436 Murraya koenigii 34, 136, 176, 298, 305, 386,

549, 736, 994, 1161, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279, 1333, 1410

Musa paradisiaca ......... 374, 738, 1018, 1115, 1161, 1189, 1218, 1249, 1279, 1428

Musa rosacea .............................................. 738 Musa sapientum .......................................... 738 Musa superba ............................................. 463 Mussaenda belilla ...... 741, 1161, 1189, 1218,

1249, 1279, 1300, 1400 Mussaenda frondosa .................................. 741

Mussaenda laxa .......................................... 741 Myristica attenuata .................................... 642 Myristica beddomei ssp. beddomei ........ 1161,

1189, 1219, 1249, 1280 Myristica canarica ..................................... 541 Myristica corticosa .................................... 642 Myristica dactyloides ................................. 743 Myristica farquhariana .............................. 541 Myristica fragrans 320, 743, 746, 1091, 1161,

1189, 1219, 1249, 1280 Myristica malabarica ..... 321, 541, 745, 1161,

1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1400, 1403, 1437, 1443

Myxopyrum serratulum .............................. 746 Myxopyrum smilacifolium ... 746, 1161, 1189,

1219, 1249, 1280

N

Naravelia zeylanica ...... 596, 746, 1161, 1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1407

Nardostachys jatamansi ......... 64, 1008, 1119, 1138, 1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1381

Naregamia alata . 510, 748, 1053, 1161, 1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1413

Naringi crenulata . 459, 510, 749, 1161, 1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1404, 1412, 1430

Nauclea cadamba ....................................... 752 Nauclea missionis ...................................... 762 Nauclea parvifolia ...................................... 720 Nelumbium speciosum ....................... 751, 772 Nelumbo nucifera ... 34, 35, 40, 383, 751, 933,

1014, 1120, 1161, 1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1318, 1351, 1410

Neolamarckia cadamba ..... 35, 547, 593, 721, 752, 763, 1161, 1189, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1408, 1430, 1437, 1443

Nepeta malabarica ..................................... 138 Nerium indicum .......................................... 753 Nerium odorum .......................................... 753 Nerium oleander . 176, 753, 1161, 1189, 1219,

1249, 1280 Nerium reticulatum .................................... 361 Nervilia aragoana ..... 263, 546, 585, 754, 756,

1161, 1190, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1413, 1437, 1443

Nervilia carinata ........................................ 754 Nervilia crociformis ... 755, 1161, 1190, 1219,

1249, 1280, 1437 Nervilia prainiana ...................................... 755

1473

Nicotiana tabacum..... 756, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1249, 1280

Nigella sativa .... 176, 237, 305, 321, 420, 510, 616, 706, 809, 817, 826, 921, 1043, 1075, 1120, 1170, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1406

Nilgirianthus ciliatus .................................. 959 Nothapodytes foetida ........................ 757, 1354 Nothapodytes nimmoniana ...... 41, 757, 1161,

1190, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1434, 1443 Nyctanthes angustifolia .............................. 617 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis ......39, 301, 350, 394,

758, 769, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1437

Nyctanthes sambac ..................................... 625 Nymphaea nouchali .... 759, 928, 1114, 1161,

1190, 1219, 1249, 1280 Nymphaea pubescens 760, 1161, 1190, 1219,

1249, 1280 Nymphaea stellata ...................................... 759

O

Ochlandra sivagiriana ............................... 761 Ochlandra travancorica ....... 761, 1161, 1190,

1219, 1249, 1280, 1401 Ochna angustifolia ..................................... 531 Ochna obtusata .. 531, 762, 1161, 1190, 1219,

1249, 1280, 1437 Ochna squarrosa ........................................ 762 Ochna zeylanica ......................................... 531 Ochreinauclea missionis ........ 753, 762, 1161,

1190, 1219, 1249, 1280, 1401, 1409, 1437, 1443

Ochrocarpus longifolius ............................. 690 Ocimum americanum 763, 1161, 1190, 1219,

1249, 1280, 1409 Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum1161, 1190,

1219, 1249, 1280 Ocimum canum ........................................... 763 Ocimum gratissimum 765, 1161, 1190, 1219,

1250, 1280, 1402, 1409 Ocimum kilimandscharicum767, 1161, 1190,

1219, 1250, 1280, 1409 Ocimum sanctum .................... 767, 1340, 1359 Ocimum tenuiiflorum ...... 33, 41, 79, 92, 136,

157, 179, 261, 273, 304, 320, 392, 394, 405, 481, 536, 637, 664, 723, 758, 766, 767, 872, 919, 1007, 1009, 1087, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1250, 1280, 1297, 1298, 1302, 1406, 1409

Odina wodier .............................................. 652 Oldenlandia auricularia ............................ 548 Oldenlandia corymbosa ............................. 550 Oldenlandia herbacea ................................ 551 Oldenlandia nitida ..................................... 552 Olea dioica ........773, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1250,

1280 Olea laevis .................................................. 773 Operculina turpethum ................................ 708 Ophiorrhiza mungos .... 773, 775, 1161, 1190,

1219, 1250, 1280, 1405, 1438 Ophiorrhiza prostrata ................................ 774 Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata ......... 1161,

1190, 1219, 1250, 1280 Ophioxylon serpentinum ............................ 863 Opuntia dillenii .......................................... 775 Opuntia striata var. dillenii .. 775, 1161, 1190,

1219, 1250, 1280 Ormocarpum cochinchinense ....... 776, 1161,

1190, 1219, 1250, 1280, 1403, 1444 Ormocarpum sennoides ............................. 776 Ornitrophe serrata ..................................... 107 Oroxylum indicum34, 41, 448, 575, 647, 777,

787, 839, 984, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1250, 1280, 1322, 1411, 1437, 1444

Orthosiphon aristatus 778, 1161, 1190, 1219, 1250, 1280, 1409

Orthosiphon stamineus .............................. 778 Oryza sativa 41, 779, 1139, 1162, 1190, 1219,

1250, 1280 Osbeckia brachystemon ....... 781, 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1280, 1407 Osbeckia cupularis ..................................... 781 Osbeckia muralis ...... 239, 699, 781, 782, 999,

1162, 1190, 1220, 1250, 1280, 1413, 1437 Osbeckia truncata ...................................... 782 Otacanthus caeruleus 783, 1162, 1190, 1220,

1250, 1280 Ougeinia dalbergioides .............................. 417 Ougeinia oojeinensis .................................. 417 Oxalis corniculata ...... 41, 394, 616, 783, 999,

1162, 1190, 1220, 1250, 1280, 1339

P

Paederia chinensis ..................................... 785 Paederia foetida 785, 1162, 1190, 1220, 1250,

1281, 1407, 1440 Paederia tomentosa .................................... 785

1474

Pajanelia longifolia ....... 777, 785, 839, 1162, 1190, 1220, 1250, 1281, 1437

Pajanelia rheedei ....................................... 785 Pancratium triflorum 787, 1162, 1190, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1403, 1440 Pancratium verecundum ............................ 787 Pandanus canaranus . 787, 1162, 1190, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1401 Pandanus fascicularis ................................ 788 Pandanus odoratissimus ....... 788, 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1281 Pandanus odorifer ..... 96, 185, 459, 602, 647,

788, 1430 Panicum dactylon ....................................... 391 Panicum italicum ...................................... 1134 Papaver somniferum . 273, 1121, 1170, 1199,

1229, 1259, 1289 Parahemionitis arifolia .............................. 790 Parahemionitis cordata ........ 790, 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1281, 1296 Paramignya monophylla ...... 790, 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1281, 1404, 1433 Passiflora foetida var. foetida ...... 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1281 Pavetta indica . 260, 729, 792, 793, 986, 1053,

1162, 1190, 1220, 1250, 1281, 1437 Pavetta indica var. indica ...1162, 1190, 1220,

1250, 1281 Pavetta indica var. tomentosa ...... 1162, 1190,

1220, 1250, 1281 Pavetta tomentosa .............................. 793, 979 Pavonia odorata . 794, 795, 1162, 1190, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1439 Pavonia zeylanica ...... 795, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1439 Pedalium murex ....... 34, 558, 628, 795, 1162,

1191, 1220, 1250, 1281, 1352, 1411, 1440 Pentapetes acerifolia .................................. 857 Peperomia exigua ....................................... 796 Peperomia pellucida .. 796, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1250, 1281 Pergularia daemia 41, 797, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1339, 1407, 1444 Pergularia extensa ..................................... 797 Periploca indica ......................................... 557 Periploca sylvestris .................................... 541 Persea macrantha ...... 798, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1250, 1281, 1444

Persicaria chinensis ... 799, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1250, 1281

Phalaris zizanioides ................................. 1042 Phanera purpurea ...................................... 191 Phanera variegata ...................................... 194 Phaseolus dalzellii ................................... 1044 Phaseolus mungo ..................................... 1045 Phaseolus radiatus ................................... 1047 Phaseolus sublobatus ............................... 1048 Phlomis aspera ........................................... 663 Phlomis biflora ........................................... 666 Phlomis linifolia ......................................... 667 Phoenix dactylifera .... 456, 1009, 1122, 1171,

1199, 1229, 1259, 1289 Phoenix sylvestris ....... 800, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1250, 1281 Pholidota imbricata ...... 346, 801, 1162, 1191,

1220, 1250, 1281 Pholidota pallida .............................. 801, 1434 Phragmites karka ......... 802, 830, 1162, 1191,

1220, 1250, 1281 Phyla nodiflora ... 797, 803, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1251, 1281, 1405, 1437 Phyllanthus acidus ..... 804, 1162, 1191, 1220,

1251, 1281, 1406, 1413 Phyllanthus airy-shawii ... 263, 528, 805, 807,

810, 811, 812, 813, 857, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1301, 1413, 1437

Phyllanthus amarus ... 806, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1301, 1413, 1437

Phyllanthus corcovadensis ........................ 812 Phyllanthus debilis ..................................... 805 Phyllanthus distichus ................................. 804 Phyllanthus emblica ... 49, 105, 263, 368, 571,

734, 807, 972, 994, 1008, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1413, 1431

Phyllanthus fraternus ................................. 806 Phyllanthus kozhikodianus . 809, 1162, 1191,

1220, 1251, 1281, 1301, 1401, 1413, 1437 Phyllanthus leprocarpus ............................ 813 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis ........ 810, 1162,

1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1413, 1437 Phyllanthus minor ...................................... 812 Phyllanthus niruri ...................................... 806 Phyllanthus patens ..................................... 212 Phyllanthus reticulatus ........ 811, 1162, 1191,

1220, 1251, 1281, 1434 Phyllanthus retuses .................................... 212

1475

Phyllanthus tenellus .. 812, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1413, 1437

Phyllanthus urinaria . 813, 1162, 1191, 1220, 1251, 1281, 1410, 1413, 1437

Phyllocephalum scabridum . 814, 1162, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281, 1401, 1434

Physalis angulata ......... 814, 816, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281, 1438

Physalis edulis ............................................ 815 Physalis latifolia ......................................... 815 Physalis minima ......................................... 814 Physalis peruviana ...... 640, 815, 1163, 1191,

1221, 1251, 1281, 1438 Physalis somnifera ................................... 1059 Picrorrhiza kurroa ........ 368, 764, 1008, 1123 Picrorrhiza scrophulariifolia ......... 136, 1123,

1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289 Piliostigma malabaricum ........................... 189 Piliostigma racemosa ................................. 192 Pimpinella anisum ... 1124, 1171, 1199, 1229,

1259, 1289 Pinus roxburghii ............................ 1125, 1229 Piper attenuatum ........................................ 823 Piper betle... 39, 146, 161, 320, 509, 632, 765,

816, 933, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281, 1343

Piper chaba ........ 818, 995, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281, 1411

Piper cubeba ...... 65, 82, 113, 809, 931, 1012, 1126, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1438

Piper longum .... 83, 320, 819, 821, 995, 1008, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281, 1444

Piper nigrum var. nigrum ..1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1281

Piper retrofactum ....................................... 818 Piper trioicum .. 823, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251,

1282, 1404 Pistacia chinensis ..................................... 1127 Pistacia integerrima . 1127, 1199, 1229, 1438 Pistia stratiotes ... 448, 824, 1163, 1191, 1221,

1251, 1282, 1438 Pithecellobium dulce . 825, 1163, 1191, 1221,

1251, 1282 Pithecellobium saman ................................ 888 Plantago ovata 1127, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259,

1289 Plectranthus amboinicus ....79, 214, 393, 536,

601, 632, 665, 705, 765, 772, 809, 825,

828, 1043, 1087, 1105, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1282

Plectranthus vettiveroides 397, 759, 809, 827, 1140, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1282, 1401

Plectronia parviflora.................................. 246 Plectronia rheedei ...................................... 247 Plumbago indica ......... 828, 1163, 1191, 1221,

1251, 1282, 1410 Plumbago rosea ......................................... 828 Plumbago zeylanica34, 39, 79, 128, 146, 176,

477, 622, 754, 828, 829, 839, 995, 1076, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1282, 1327, 1349

Plumeria acuminata ................................... 832 Plumeria alba ....... 358, 830, 832, 1163, 1191,

1221, 1251, 1282, 1404, 1405, 1438 Plumeria rubra .832, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251,

1282, 1404, 1405, 1438 Pogostemon deccanensis ..... 832, 1163, 1191,

1221, 1251, 1282, 1401, 1409, 1438 Pogostemon heyneanus .... 161, 509, 765, 809,

833, 933, 1163, 1191, 1221, 1251, 1282 Pogostemon paniculatus ........ 834, 835, 1163,

1191, 1221, 1251, 1282, 1438 Pogostemon patchouli ................................ 833 Pogostemon purpurascens ... 835, 1163, 1191,

1221, 1251, 1282, 1401, 1438 Pogostemon quadrifolius ....... 833, 835, 1163,

1192, 1251, 1282, 1302, 1405, 1410, 1438 Poinciana elata .......................................... 406 Polyalthia longifolia ......... 34, 321, 836, 1163,

1192, 1221, 1251, 1282, 1339, 1439 Polycarpaea corymbosa ....... 837, 1163, 1192,

1221, 1251, 1282, 1405 Polygonum chinense .................................. 799 Polygonum platycladum ............................. 577 Polymnia abyssynica ................................ 1114 Pongamia glabra ........................................ 838 Pongamia pinnata .. 34, 39, 87, 205, 222, 238,

311, 575, 587, 622, 777, 838, 855, 861, 995, 1018, 1163, 1192, 1221, 1251, 1282, 1320

Pontederia crassipes .................................. 447 Pontederia vaginalis .................................. 726 Portulaca oleracea var. oleracea . 1163, 1192,

1221, 1251, 1282 Portulaca triangularis ............................... 981 Pothos pertusa ............................................ 867 Pothos scandens ..... 226, 320, 840, 868, 1163,

1192, 1221, 1252, 1282, 1407

1476

Pouzolzia wightii var. wightii ....... 1163, 1192, 1221, 1252, 1282, 1300, 1401

Pouzolzia zeylanica .... 842, 1163, 1192, 1221, 1252, 1282, 1439

Premna integrifolia .................................... 844 Premna latifolia var. viburnoides .. 845, 1163,

1192, 1221, 1252, 1282 Premna obtusifolia ........................... 844, 1326 Premna serratifolia ...... 34, 40, 92, 844, 1053,

1163, 1192, 1221, 1252, 1282, 1366, 1438 Prosopis juliflora ....... 845, 1163, 1192, 1221,

1252, 1282, 1428, 1435 Protasparagus gonocladus ... 846, 1163, 1192,

1222, 1252, 1282, 1438 Protasparagus racemosus ...... 39, 41, 84, 320,

383, 497, 759, 846, 950, 1007, 1060, 1140, 1163, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1438

Prunus amygdalus .................................... 1128 Prunus dulcis . 1128, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259,

1289, 1438 Pseudarthria viscida 415, 419, 506, 848, 954,

1030, 1163, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1438, 1444

Pseuderanthemum malabaricum .. 849, 1163, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282

Psidium guajava 40, 132, 239, 254, 615, 626, 705, 850, 971, 999, 1163, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1338

Psilanthus travancorensis .... 852, 1118, 1163, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1436, 1444

Psoralea corylifolia .... 41, 176, 559, 918, 988, 1129, 1131, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289, 1340, 1384

Psychotria dalzellii....... 853, 854, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1401, 1438

Psychotria flavida ...... 854, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1401, 1438

Psychotria longifolia .................................. 280 Psychotria ophioxyloides ........................... 281 Pterocarpus marsupium .....41, 115, 215, 318,

358, 413, 418, 497, 500, 561, 585, 749, 854, 884, 976, 991, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1322, 1428

Pterocarpus santalinus .... 136, 175, 261, 362, 373, 856, 884, 891, 1008, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1401, 1444

Pterospermum acerifolium ........ 34, 857, 858, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1372, 1405, 1438

Pterospermum diversifolium 858, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1405, 1438

Pterospermum glabrescens ........................ 858 Pueraria tuberosa ........................................ 88 Punica granatum ........ 39, 83, 859, 984, 1074,

1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1282, 1357, 1429 Putranjiva roxburghii ................................ 442

Q

Quassia indica ..860, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283

Quercus infectoria ...... 616, 1082, 1130, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1289

Quisqualis indica 861, 862, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1408, 1438

Quisqualis malabarica ......... 862, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1401, 1438, 1444

R

Randia dumetorum ..................................... 266 Randia malabarica ..................................... 198 Randia uliginosa ........................................ 985 Raphanus sativus ....... 120, 1130, 1131, 1171,

1199, 1229, 1259, 1290 Rauvolfia canescens ................................... 864 Rauvolfia serpentina .. 40, 156, 261, 280, 281,

299, 318, 373, 386, 461, 559, 704, 747, 769, 774, 863, 865, 884, 1004, 1120, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1438, 1444

Rauvolfia tetraphylla .. 864, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1438

Reissantia indica ........ 865, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1401, 1437

Remusatia vivipara ..... 866, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1300, 1409

Rhabdia lycioides ....................................... 876 Rhamnus xylopyrus .................................. 1083 Rhaphidophora pertusa ....... 867, 1164, 1192,

1222, 1252, 1283, 1310, 1407, 1411, 1444 Rheum australe ........ 1132, 1171, 1199, 1229,

1259, 1290 Rheum emodi ............................................ 1132 Rhinacanthus communis ............................ 868 Rhinacanthus nasutus868, 1164, 1192, 1222,

1252, 1283, 1402, 1408 Rhizophora candelaria ............................... 870 Rhizophora mangle .................................... 870 Rhizophora mucronata ........ 870, 1164, 1192,

1222, 1252, 1283

1477

Rhynchostylis retusa ...... 407, 408, 870, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283, 1438, 1440

Ricinus communis ... 146, 182, 368, 459, 740, 754, 820, 871, 920, 928, 1060, 1075, 1105, 1107, 1122, 1164, 1192, 1222, 1252, 1283

Rondeletia asiatica ..................................... 986 Rosa damascena 874, 876, 1164, 1192, 1222,

1252, 1283, 1438 Rosa indica ......... 827, 875, 1164, 1193, 1222,

1252, 1283, 1438 Rotheca serrata .......................................... 317 Rotula aquatica 876, 1164, 1193, 1222, 1252,

1283, 1439 Rourea minor ... 876, 1164, 1193, 1222, 1252,

1283 Rourea santaloides ..................................... 876 Rubia cordifolia 40, 373, 558, 877, 994, 1009,

1114, 1164, 1193, 1222, 1253, 1283, 1322, 1348

Ruellia patula ............................................. 436 Ruellia ringens............................................ 590 Ruellia tuberosa ... 39, 879, 1164, 1193, 1222,

1253, 1283, 1321, 1440 Ruta chalepensis 879, 890, 1164, 1193, 1222,

1253, 1283, 1439

S

Saccharum bengalense ............................... 880 Saccharum munja ....... 599, 880, 1164, 1193,

1222, 1253, 1283 Saccharum officinarum 40, 881, 1164, 1193,

1222, 1253, 1283 Saccharum spontaneum ....... 882, 1164, 1193,

1223, 1253, 1283, 1405 Saccolabium rheedei .................................. 870 Saccopetalum tomentosum ......................... 714 Salacia chinensis ...... 156, 260, 318, 373, 413,

507, 618, 676, 704, 769, 810, 864, 883, 886, 911, 1034, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1439

Salacia fruticosa ........ 885, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1401

Salacia oblonga 886, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1439, 1444

Salacia prinoides ........................................ 883 Salix caprea .... 1132, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259,

1290 Salmalia insignis ........................................ 208 Salmalia malabarica .................................. 206

Salvadora persica . 41, 886, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1379

Salvinia molesta887, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1296

Samadera indica......................................... 860 Samadera lucida......................................... 860 Samanea saman888, 1164, 1193, 1223, 1253,

1283 Sansevieria cylindrica 889, 1164, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1283 Sansevieria roxburghiana ... 889, 1164, 1193,

1223, 1253, 1283, 1402, 1439 Santalum album . 884, 891, 1164, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1283, 1401, 1439, 1444 Sapindus emarginatus 893, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1283, 1439 Sapindus laurifolius ................................... 893 Sapindus trifoliata ...................................... 893 Sapindus trifoliatus .... 893, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1283, 1439 Sapium insigne ......... 41, 539, 895, 896, 1165,

1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1370 Saraca asoca ....... 91, 221, 410, 497, 583, 584,

837, 855, 896, 1165, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1283, 1439, 1444

Saraca indica ............................................. 896 Sarcostemma acidum ................................. 897 Sarcostemma brevistigma .......................... 897 Sarcostemma viminale ......... 897, 1165, 1193,

1223, 1253, 1283, 1444 Sarcostigma kleinii ....... 530, 898, 1165, 1193,

1223, 1253, 1283 Sauropus albicans ...................................... 899 Sauropus androgynus 899, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1283 Sauropus indicus ........................................ 899 Saussurea lappa . 64, 477, 490, 571, 616, 772,

809, 822, 1037, 1102, 1107, 1120, 1133, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1290, 1439

Scaevola frutescens .................................... 900 Scaevola sericea900, 1165, 1193, 1223, 1253,

1284 Scaevola taccada ........................................ 900 Scaveola sericea ....................................... 1109 Schleichera oleosa 40, 900, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1391, 1428 Schleichera trijuga ..................................... 900 Schmidella serrata ..................................... 107 Scilla coromandeliana ............................. 1032

1478

Scilla indica .............................................. 1032 Scindapsus pertusus ................................... 867 Scirpus lithosperma .................................... 901 Scleria lithosperma .... 901, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284 Scleropyrum pentandrum ........ 393, 705, 902,

1165, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1284 Scleropyrum wallichianum ......................... 902 Scoparia dulcis ..... 392, 663, 903, 1043, 1165,

1193, 1223, 1253, 1284, 1439 Sebastiana chamaelea 904, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284 Secura marina ............................................ 173 Securinega leucopyrus ............................... 508 Seidenfia rheedei ....... 905, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284 Selaginella delicatula 906, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1296 Selaginella involvens . 906, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284 Semecarpus anacardium ....40, 205, 343, 573,

574, 907, 943, 1165, 1193, 1223, 1253, 1284, 1346, 1369, 1375, 1439

Senebiera didyma ....................................... 340 Senna alata .. 79, 374, 909, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1411 Senna alexandrina ...................................... 910 Senna angustifolia ..... 910, 1008, 1165, 1193,

1223, 1253, 1284 Senna auriculata ....... 911, 1165, 1193, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1444 Senna hirsuta ..... 912, 916, 1165, 1194, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1439 Senna occidentalis ..... 913, 1165, 1194, 1223,

1253, 1284, 1411, 1439 Senna siamea ... 914, 1165, 1194, 1223, 1254,

1284 Senna sophera........ 83, 913, 914, 1165, 1194,

1223, 1254, 1284, 1439 Senna surattensis913, 916, 1165, 1194, 1223,

1254, 1284, 1439 Senna tora ...... 295, 374, 394, 747, 917, 1004,

1165, 1194, 1223, 1254, 1284 Sesamum indicum ............................. 918, 1319 Sesamum orientale 41, 240, 918, 1065, 1165,

1194, 1223, 1254, 1284, 1429 Sesbania aegyptiaca ................................... 922 Sesbania grandiflora ... 818, 920, 1165, 1194,

1223, 1254, 1284

Sesbania sesban 922, 1165, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1411

Setaria italica ..1134, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1290

Sethia indica ............................................... 471 Shorea robusta ..368, 1131, 1134, 1171, 1199,

1229, 1259, 1290, 1444 Sida acuta .......67, 263, 368, 923, 1165, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1284, 1411, 1439 Sida alnifolia ..923, 924, 926, 929, 930, 1165,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1439 Sida carpinifolia ......................................... 923 Sida cordata ....383, 602, 705, 923, 924, 1165,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1284 Sida cordifolia 42, 926, 929, 930, 1165, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1284, 1381, 1439 Sida glutinosa ............................................. 927 Sida mysorensis 927, 1165, 1194, 1224, 1254,

1284 Sida retusa .................................................. 924 Sida rhombifolia ..... 67, 92, 94, 146, 175, 205,

318, 459, 627, 821, 872, 873, 923, 924, 926, 927, 929, 930, 995, 1007, 1018, 1031, 1060, 1075, 1107, 1120, 1165, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1439

Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea ............. 929 Sida rhomboidea ..... 923, 924, 926, 929, 1165,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1439 Sida veronicaefolia .................................... 924 Smilax macrophylla .................................... 930 Smilax zeylanica ....... 442, 543, 575, 658, 930,

1165, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1436, 1444 Smithia conferta ......... 931, 1165, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1284 Smithia geminiflora .................................... 931 Smithia sensitiva ......... 931, 1166, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1284 Solanum acetosaefolium ............................ 937 Solanum americanum ...... 103, 640, 899, 932,

1166, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1284 Solanum anguivi ................................. 939, 940 Solanum coagulans .................................... 936 Solanum erianthum ... 934, 1166, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1284 Solanum ferox ............................................. 935 Solanum indicum ................................ 939, 940 Solanum indicum var. multiflorum ............ 939 Solanum lasiocarpum 935, 1009, 1111, 1166,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1284, 1439

1479

Solanum lycopersicum ................................ 682 Solanum melongena ........ 146, 883, 928, 936,

1018, 1166, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1284 Solanum nigrum 38, 41, 815, 932, 1333, 1373 Solanum surattense..................................... 941 Solanum torvum .... 157, 632, 725, 937, 1166,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1284 Solanum trilobatum ... 937, 1113, 1166, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1284 Solanum tuberosum .. 938, 1166, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1285 Solanum verbascifolium ............................. 934 Solanum violaceum ssp. multiflorum .... 1166,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1285 Solanum virginianum .........64, 136, 935, 941,

1008, 1114, 1166, 1194, 1224, 1254, 1285, 1413, 1439

Solanum xanthocarpum .............................. 941 Solena amplexicaulis ... 855, 942, 1027, 1166,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1285, 1430 Sorghum halepense ... 943, 1166, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1285 Spatholobus parviflorus ....... 944, 1166, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1285, 1407 Spatholobus roxburghii .............................. 944 Spermacoce articularis ......... 945, 1166, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1285, 1439 Spermacoce hispida ..... 946, 947, 1166, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1285, 1439 Spermacoce latifolia .. 947, 1166, 1194, 1224,

1254, 1285, 1439 Sphaeranthus hirtus .................................... 948 Sphaeranthus indicus .. 136, 948, 1166, 1194,

1224, 1254, 1285 Spilanthes acmella .............................. 949, 950 Spilanthes acmella var. paniculata ............ 950 Spilanthes calva ... 199, 949, 951, 1093, 1166,

1194, 1224, 1254, 1285, 1439 Spilanthes paniculata 950, 1166, 1195, 1224,

1254, 1285, 1439 Spondias mangifera .................................... 951 Spondias pinnata 65, 296, 358, 362, 519, 951,

1166, 1195, 1224, 1254, 1285, 1404 Stachyphrynium spicatum .... 952, 1166, 1195,

1224, 1255, 1285, 1437 Stachytarpheta indica . 953, 1166, 1195, 1224,

1255, 1285 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis ...................... 953 Staphylea indica ......................................... 657

Stemodia repens ......................................... 668 Stenolobium stans ...................................... 987 Sterculia foetida........ 83, 757, 954, 956, 1166,

1195, 1224, 1255, 1285, 1434, 1439, 1444 Sterculia guttata ......... 955, 1166, 1195, 1224,

1255, 1285, 1434, 1439 Stereospermum chelonoides ...................... 956 Stereospermum colais var. colais 1166, 1195,

1224, 1255, 1285 Stereospermum suaveolens ...... 41, 957, 1166,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1348, 1439 Stillingia agallocha .................................... 484 Streblus asper ..... 34, 40, 851, 958, 995, 1166,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1345 Strobilanthes ciliatus .... 231, 959, 1166, 1195,

1225, 1255, 1285, 1401, 1439, 1444 Strychnos cinnamomifolia .......................... 960 Strychnos colubrina ... 960, 1166, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1285 Strychnos nux-vomica .. 45, 49, 146, 271, 388,

410, 429, 442, 571, 616, 640, 658, 750, 961, 1166, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1429, 1430

Strychnos potatorum ...... 34, 963, 1166, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1362, 1444

Strychnos wallichiana ................................ 960 Swertia corymbosa ....... 518, 964, 1008, 1166,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1401, 1410, 1413, 1433, 1444

Symphorema involucratum . 965, 1166, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285

Symplocos candolleana .............................. 966 Symplocos cochin-chinensis .................... 1140 Symplocos cochinchinensis ssp. laurina

......................1166, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285 Symplocos laurina ...................................... 965 Symplocos racemosa .. 966, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1285 Symplocos spicata ...................................... 965 Synedrella nodiflora ..... 967, 968, 1167, 1195,

1225, 1255, 1285, 1433 Syzygium aqueum ....... 968, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1285 Syzygium aromaticum ...... 723, 817, 933, 969,

1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285 Syzygium caryophyllaeum .......................... 970 Syzygium caryophyllatum .. 49, 149, 217, 239,

254, 336, 500, 531, 571, 615, 704, 851,

1480

855, 899, 911, 970, 976, 991, 1082, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1430

Syzygium cumini ... 67, 82, 217, 239, 255, 260, 732, 749, 855, 885, 911, 912, 972, 974, 984, 991, 1009, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285, 1431

Syzygium cumini var. cumini ....... 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285

Syzygium hemisphericum .... 973, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1285

Syzygium jambolanum ................................ 972 Syzygium jambos ....... 974, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1285 Syzygium travancoricum ........ 146, 975, 1167,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1286, 1401, 1444 Syzygium zeylanicum 976, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1286

T

Tabernaemontana alternifolia ................... 978 Tabernaemontana coronaria ............. 517, 977 Tabernaemontana divaricata . 977, 979, 1167,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1286 Tabernaemontana heyneana ... 106, 320, 343,

542, 745, 978, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1286, 1401, 1444

Tacca leontopetaloides ......... 980, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1286

Tacca pinnatifida ........................................ 980 Tadehagi triquetrum ................................... 420 Tagetes erecta ........ 542, 666, 827, 980, 1167,

1195, 1225, 1255, 1286, 1408 Talinum triangulare .. 981, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1286, 1412, 1413 Tamarindus indica..... 92, 237, 240, 527, 575,

784, 860, 982, 1117, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1286, 1411, 1429, 1432

Tamilnadia uliginosa .. 509, 985, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255, 1286

Taraktogenos macrocarpa ......................... 586 Tarenna asiatica ........ 986, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1255, 1286, 1437 Taxus baccata ...... 11, 456, 1135, 1171, 1199,

1229, 1259, 1290, 1296, 1444 Tecoma stans .... 987, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1255,

1286 Tecoma suaveolens ..................................... 957

Tectona grandis .... 41, 49, 315, 559, 836, 987, 1130, 1167, 1195, 1225, 1256, 1286, 1327, 1432

Telanthera betzickiana ............................... 117 Tephrosia hamiltonii .................................. 989 Tephrosia purpurea ........ 686, 989, 990, 1167,

1195, 1225, 1256, 1286, 1436, 1440 Tephrosia tinctoria ..... 990, 1167, 1195, 1225,

1256, 1286, 1440 Terminalia arjuna ............ 651, 652, 996, 1356 Terminalia bellirica ...... 34, 41, 132, 368, 399,

573, 734, 808, 855, 991, 994, 1009, 1167, 1196, 1225, 1256, 1286, 1344, 1432

Terminalia catappa ........ 41, 992, 1167, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1350, 1403, 1438

Terminalia chebula .... 40, 176, 261, 368, 374, 394, 575, 664, 808, 847, 857, 908, 993, 1008, 1110, 1117, 1127, 1167, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1319, 1326, 1428, 1438

Terminalia coriacea ................................... 997 Terminalia crenulata.................................. 997 Terminalia cuneata 41, 996, 998, 1167, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1286, 1440, 1445 Terminalia elliptica ........ 49, 997, 1167, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1286, 1428, 1440 Terminalia paniculata .. 216, 998, 1167, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1286, 1401 Terminalia tomentosa ................................ 997 Tetranthera coriacea.................................. 671 Thea sinensis .............................................. 241 Theobroma cacao ....... 999, 1167, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286 Thespesia lampas ..... 1000, 1167, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286 Thespesia populnea .. 1001, 1167, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286 Thevetia neriifolia ............................ 622, 1002 Thevetia peruviana ... 1002, 1167, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286 Thottea siliquosa .... 40, 461, 864, 1003, 1167,

1196, 1226, 1256, 1286 Thunbergia fragrans 1004, 1006, 1167, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1286 Thunbergia grandiflora ..... 1005, 1167, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1286, 1440 Thunbergia mysorensis ........ 146, 1006, 1167,

1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1401, 1440 Tinospora cordifolia ... 80, 115, 136, 146, 157,

260, 343, 374, 386, 403, 481, 602, 847,

1481

928, 964, 994, 1006, 1011, 1044, 1060, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1298, 1407, 1440

Tinospora malabarica .............................. 1010 Tinospora sinensis ... 1010, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286, 1404, 1440, 1445 Tinospora tomentosa ................................ 1010 Toddalia aculeata ........................... 1011, 1357 Toddalia asiatica 41, 1011, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286, 1367, 1404, 1438 Toona ciliata .. 1012, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256,

1286 Torenia bicolor ........ 1013, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286, 1401 Trachyspermum ammi .......79, 176, 238, 259,

269, 343, 446, 448, 527, 628, 693, 820, 979, 1136, 1171, 1199, 1229, 1259, 1290

Tragia involucrata ... 80, 129, 295, 320, 1009, 1013, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1300

Tragia mercurialis ...................................... 713 Trema orientalis ....... 1015, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286 Trewia nudiflora ...... 1016, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1286, 1401, 1436 Trewia polycarpa ..................................... 1016 Trianthema monogyna .............................. 1017 Trianthema portulacastrum ....... 40, 205, 206,

810, 1017, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1312, 1434

Tribulus terrestris .... 40, 82, 87, 94, 205, 559, 591, 600, 627, 796, 878, 885, 904, 1018, 1104, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1286, 1390, 1440

Trichopus zeylanicus 1019, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1287, 1363, 1445

Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus ..................... 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1287

Trichosanthes anguina.......1020, 1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1287

Trichosanthes bracteata ........................... 1022 Trichosanthes cucumerina .. 261, 1021, 1168,

1196, 1226, 1256, 1287, 1403, 1445 Trichosanthes lepiniana ........................... 1022 Trichosanthes palmata ............................. 1022 Trichosanthes tricuspidata 40, 84, 1022, 1130,

1168, 1196, 1226, 1256, 1287, 1314 Tridax procumbens ...... 34, 1023, 1168, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1287, 1305, 1413

Trigonella foenum-graecum .. 39, 1137, 1171, 1229

Triticum aestivum ......... 69, 1138, 1171, 1199, 1230, 1260, 1290

Triumfetta angulata .................................. 1024 Triumfetta rhomboidea 41, 1024, 1168, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1287, 1323, 1439, 1440 Triumfetta trilocularis .............................. 1024 Turnera angustifolia ................................ 1026 Turnera subulata ...... 1025, 1168, 1196, 1226,

1256, 1287, 1440 Turnera ulmifolia ..... 1025, 1026, 1168, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1287, 1440 Tylophora asthmatica .............................. 1027 Tylophora fasciculata ........ 1026, 1168, 1196,

1226, 1256, 1287 Tylophora indica ......... 157, 1027, 1168, 1196,

1226, 1257, 1287 Tylophora indica var. indica ........ 1168, 1196,

1226, 1257, 1287 Tylophora tenuis....................................... 1028 Tylophora tetrapetala var. tetrapetala ... 1168,

1196, 1226, 1257, 1287

U

Ulmus integrifolius ..................................... 574 Uraria hamosa ......................................... 1029 Uraria rufescens ....... 1029, 1168, 1196, 1227,

1257, 1287, 1438 Urena lobata ssp. lobata ..... 1168, 1196, 1227,

1257, 1287 Urena lobata ssp. sinuata .. 1031, 1168, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1287 Urena sinuata ........................................... 1031 Urginea coromandeliana ......................... 1032 Urginea indica ...... 110, 747, 787, 1032, 1168,

1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1403, 1440 Urostigma arnottiana ................................. 486 Urostigma benghalense ............................. 488 Urostigma religiosum ................................ 498 Urtica diversifolia ...................................... 521 Urtica interrupta ........................................ 654 Utricularia reticulata 1033, 1168, 1197, 1227,

1257, 1287 Uvaria longifolia ........................................ 836 Uvaria narum ....... 157, 240, 864, 1034, 1168,

1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1406 Uvaria odorata ........................................... 242

1482

V

Vachellia farnesiana .................................... 70 Valeriana jatamansi 1139, 1171, 1199, 1230,

1260, 1290 Valeriana wallichii ................................... 1139 Vanda roxburghii ..................................... 1035 Vanda tessellata ..... 77, 388, 871, 1035, 1036,

1168, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1433, 1440, 1445

Vandellia crustacea .................................... 671 Vandellia scabra ......................................... 670 Vateria indica ..... 176, 365, 1036, 1168, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1287, 1401, 1429, 1445 Vateria malabarica................................... 1036 Vatica robusta .......................................... 1134 Ventilago calculata................................... 1037 Ventilago denticulata .........1037, 1168, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1287, 1302, 1440, 1445 Ventilago maderaspatana 253, 318, 385, 498,

1038, 1168, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1440 Verbesina nodiflora .................................... 967 Verbesina prostrata .................................... 444 Verbesina sativa ....................................... 1114 Vernonia anthelmintica .. 136, 214, 261, 320,

373, 411, 510, 615, 616, 622, 628, 640, 663, 686, 705, 732, 780, 839, 984, 1039, 1116, 1124, 1168, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287

Vernonia cinerea ..... 405, 445, 551, 635, 808, 1040, 1168, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287

Vetiveria zizanioides 136, 151, 164, 397, 759, 809, 892, 928, 1008, 1042, 1075, 1102, 1140, 1168, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287

Vigna catjang ............................................ 1049 Vigna cylindrica ....................................... 1049 Vigna dalzelliana ..... 1044, 1049, 1168, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1287, 1403, 1440 Vigna mungo .. 1045, 1168, 1197, 1227, 1257,

1287, 1401 Vigna pilosa ... 1046, 1169, 1197, 1227, 1257,

1287, 1403, 1440, 1445 Vigna radiata .... 276, 1047, 1048, 1139, 1169,

1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1403, 1440 Vigna radiata var. radiata ..1169, 1197, 1227,

1257, 1287, 1440 Vigna radiata var. sublobata 276, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1287, 1403, 1440 Vigna sinensis ........................................... 1049 Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata ..... 1169,

1197, 1227, 1257, 1287

Vinca pusilla ............................................... 264 Vinca rosea ................................................. 265 Vitex altissima .... 49, 1050, 1169, 1197, 1227,

1257, 1287 Vitex leucoxylon ....... 1051, 1169, 1197, 1227,

1257, 1287, 1409 Vitex negundo ...110, 146, 236, 326, 350, 410,

446, 518, 527, 632, 634, 665, 750, 919, 1052, 1091, 1110, 1169, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1406, 1409, 1431

Vitex trifolia 34, 519, 1054, 1169, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1373, 1409

Vitis discolor .............................................. 294 Vitis elongata ............................................. 295 Vitis gigantea ............................................. 296 Vitis glauca ................................................. 296 Vitis latifolia ............................................... 130 Vitis mollissima .......................................... 267 Vitis quadrangularis .................................. 297 Vitis repanda .............................................. 298 Vitis repens ................................................. 299 Vitis vinifera ...1140, 1171, 1199, 1230, 1260,

1290 Volkameria inermis .................................... 315 Volkameria multiflora ................................ 316 Volkameria serrata .................................... 317

W

Wagatea spicata ......................................... 228 Wattakaka volubilis ........ 34, 39, 79, 344, 397,

1055, 1169, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1287, 1301, 1354, 1387

Wedelia calendulacea .............................. 1057 Wedelia chinensis ..... 1057, 1058, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1288, 1435 Wedelia trilobata ...... 1058, 1169, 1197, 1227,

1257, 1288 Wendlandia notoniana ............................. 1058 Wendlandia thyrsoidea ...... 1058, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1288 Withania somnifera .... 41, 146, 298, 481, 810,

878, 879, 962, 1008, 1059, 1169, 1197, 1227, 1257, 1288, 1384, 1440

Woodfordia floribunda ............................. 1061 Woodfordia fruticosa . 772, 1061, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1288, 1445 Wrightia tinctoria . 34, 411, 1062, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1288, 1346

1483

X

Xanthochymus pictorius ............................. 515 Xanthosoma sagittifolium ..1063, 1169, 1197,

1227, 1257, 1288, 1409 Xenostegia tridentata ssp. hastata1067, 1169,

1197, 1257, 1288 Xenostegia tridentata ssp. tridentata ..... 1169,

1197, 1258, 1288 Xeromphis spinosa ..................................... 266 Xeromphis uliginosa ................................... 985 Xylia dolabriformis................................... 1067 Xylia xylocarpa 954, 1067, 1169, 1197, 1228,

1258, 1288

Z

Zanonia indica 1068, 1169, 1197, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1407, 1445

Zanthoxylum budrunga ............................ 1069 Zanthoxylum ovalifolium ...1068, 1169, 1197,

1228, 1258, 1288, 1408 Zanthoxylum rhetsa ........ 299, 343, 542, 647,

1069, 1169, 1197, 1228, 1258, 1288 Zea mays ......... 1070, 1139, 1169, 1197, 1228,

1258, 1288 Zehneria umbellata..................................... 942

Zingiber cernuum ..... 1071, 1073, 1077, 1169, 1197, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1401, 1404, 1440

Zingiber macrostachyum ......................... 1072 Zingiber neesanum ..... 523, 1072, 1077, 1169,

1198, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1401, 1404, 1440 Zingiber nimmonii .................................... 1071 Zingiber officinale ...... 40, 112, 632, 772, 821,

892, 933, 994, 1073, 1124, 1169, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1359

Zingiber roseum ....... 1076, 1169, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1401, 1404, 1440

Zingiber zerumbet ........ 79, 1077, 1116, 1169, 1198, 1228, 1258, 1288, 1405

Ziziphus glabrata ..................................... 1078 Ziziphus jujuba ................. 41, 498, 1079, 1346 Ziziphus mauritiana .............. 497, 1079, 1357 Ziziphus oenoplia . 254, 555, 704, 1080, 1082,

1412 Ziziphus rugosa .. 387, 496, 1034, 1081, 1083,

1404, 1412, 1440 Ziziphus trinerva ...................................... 1078 Ziziphus xylopyrus .............. 1083, 1412, 1440 Zornia diphylla ......... 1083, 1085, 1169, 1198,

1228, 1258, 1288, 1300, 1433 Zornia gibbosa 1084, 1169, 1198, 1228, 1258,

1288, 1300, 1433

Documents

Appendix 1. - INFLIBNETshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/41951/15/15_appendix.pdf · Type of plant used ... Nela sampige (ground champak): Kaempferia rotunda. ... Basil (Tulasi