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8/3/2019 Apparel Quality Management Session
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Session 1
What is Quality?
Importance of Quality
History of Quality & Evolution
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` Websters defines QULAITY as Essential nature; atrait ; characteristic, relatively considered.
` ASQC defines QUALITY as a systematic approachto the search for excellence.
` Quality can also mean any of the following:
The degree of excellence than an item possess
Being the best money can buy Meeting a specification Craftsmanship No more than 1 % defective lotAnything Japanese
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` As per David Garvin there are eight dimensions of
Quality:
Performance
Features Reliability
Conformance
Durability
Serviceability
Aesthetics and
perceived quality
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1. Performance primary operating characteristics, e.g. picture clarity
2. Features supplement characteristics, e.g. free drinks on a
plane3. Reliability
probability of a products failing within a specifiedperiod of time
4. Conformance internal and external design and operating
characters match standars, e.g. repairs underwarranty
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5. Durability a measure of product life, e.g. a light bulb
6. Serviceability speed, courtecy and compentence of repair, e.g. 48-
hours delivery of repair parts
7. Aesthetics look, feeling, sound, taste, etc.
8. Perceived Quality consumers subjective measure, e.g. ranking brands
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Further definition of Quality can be:
Product Based
User Based
Manufacturing BasedValue Based
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` Views quality as a precise and measurable
variable
` Difference in quality whetherlow and high reflect
difference in some of the product feature i.e.differences in quantity of some ingredient or
attribute possessed by the product.
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` Whatever the customer says or wants
` It also implies to meeting or exceeding customers
requirements and expectations
` From customer satisfaction to customer delight.
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` Meeting specifications
` Conformance to requirements
` Any deviation from meeting requirements means
poor quality
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` Takes into consideration the price of a product or
service
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` Fitness for Use: combination of the
characteristics or properties of a product which
make that product usable
` The extent to which the product serves thepurpose of the user is called its fitness for use
` Dr. Juran has come up with this concept in 50s
` Widely used concept
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` As, the totality of features and characteristics of
a product or service that bear on its ability to
satisfy stated or implied needs.
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` Greater market share
` Higher earnings
` Loyal customers
` Higher growth rate` Premium price
` Highly motivated employees
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` From Inspection to TQM
During the earlier days of manufacturing the
operators work was inspected and decision
made whether to inspect or reject. As the businessbecame larger , so too did this role and full time
inspection jobs were created.
Accompanying the creation of inspection functions
other problems arose:1.More technical problems occurred, requiring
specialized skill, often not possessed by
production workers.
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` Lack of training with inspectors
` Inspectors were ordered to accept defective goods
in order to increase output
` Skilled workers promoted to higher jobs, leavingunskilled operators to perform the operational jobs
These problems led to the birth of separate
Inspection department with chief inspector
With the creation of new department there camethe new services and issues
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` Standards , training, recording of data and
accuracy of measuring equipments.
` Thus the responsibility of Chief inspector was
more than product acceptance and need toaddress defect prevention emerged.
` Emergence of Quality Control department with
responsibilities of inspection services and quality
control engineering.` In 1920s , the concept of Statistical sampling has
come during war time by Shewhart.
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` After world war II, Japans industrial system was
virtually destroyed and it had a reputation for
cheap imitation product and illiterate work force.
Japan identified this problem and set aboutsolving them with some reputed quality gurus
Juran, Deming.
` In 1950s Quality Management practices has
developed in Japans plants.` In 1969 , first international conference on Quality
control, sponsored by Japan, America and Europe
held in Tokyo.
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` In a paper given by Feigenbaum, the term total
quality was used for the first time, and referred to
wider issues such as planning, organisation and
management responsibility.` Ishikawa gave a paper explaining how total
quality control in Japan was different, it meaning
company wide quality control, and describing
how all employees, from top management to theworkers, must study and
` participate in quality control.
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` The quality revolution in the West was slow to
follow, and did not begin until the early 1980s,
` The British Standard (BS) 5750 for quality
systems had been published in 1979, and in 1983the National Quality Campaign was launched,
using BS5750 as its main theme. The aim was to
bring to the attention of
industry the importance of quality forcompetitiveness and survival in the world market
place.
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` TQM is now part of a much wider concept that
addresses overall organisational performance and
recognises the importance of processes.
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` Quality Management : That aspect of the overall
management function that determines and
implements the quality policy.
` Quality System : The organizational structure,responsibilities, procedures, processes, and
resources for implementing quality management.
` Quality Plan :A document setting out the specific
quality practices, resources, and activities relevantto particular product, service, contract or project.
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` Quality Policy: The overall intentions and
directions of an organization as regards quality as
formally expressed by top management` To increase the Production from the existing level every year.
` Continuous improvement
` Productivity
` Waste elimination
` House keeping
` To make employees multiskilled through training and development.
`
To maintain and improve Workorder throughput time` To reduce seconds percentage
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` Quality Assurance :All those planned and
systematic actions necessary to provide adequate
confidence that a product or service will satisfy
given requirements for quality.` Quality Control : The operational techniques and
the activities used to fulfill requirements of quality.
` Inspection :Activities like measuring, examining,
one or more characteristics of product and thencomparing with specified requirements to
determine conformity.
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` Quality is inherent in a product and is incorporated
into the product during product development ,
production and marketing.
` Quality Assurance considers not only the quality offinished product , but also the actions and
interaction of the departments, materials, and
processes involved in production.
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` Meeting the specifications/ Conformance to
specifications