APEC Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels Technologies—An EWG-ISTWG Cooperation A Summary Report Of The APEC EWG-ISTWG Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels

APEC Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels Te

chnologies—An EWG-ISTWG Cooperation

A Summary Report

Of

The APEC EWG-ISTWG Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels Technologies

The 25th New and Renewable Energy Technologies Expert Group Meeting

October 31, 2005, Chinese Taipei



BackgroundEnergy security issues have been the central

concern of APEC Leaders’ and Energy Ministers’ since the year 2000

Hence, EWG has formulated a comprehensive Energy Security Initiative (ESI) comprising both short-term and long-term responses, of which APEC Energy Ministers have endorsed the following three long-term measuresCapitalizing on technological innovationExpanding our energy choicesUsing energy more efficiently



BackgroundAs energy technologies do underpin social and economi

c development, the ISTWG also saw the great technical challenges ahead and started a two-year project on future fuels technology, entitled Foresighting Future Fuel Technology, with APEC-funding in 2005

The IST Ministers have directed the ISTWG to work with the EWG on the project and the Energy Ministers at EMM6 noted the direction from the IST Ministers and have asked the EWG to support the efforts



Progress of EWG-ISTWG CollaborationThe ISTWG project consists of three technology

roadmapping workshops in 2005 and Chinese Taipei made a self-funded project, endorsed at EWG 28, to host the second technology roadmapping workshop

EWG had participated, by the Secretariat and Chinese Taipei, in the ISTWG Scenario Planning Workshop held in Thailand, December 13~15, 2004

Chinese Taipei and APERC also participated in the first technology roadmapping workshop held in Vancouver, Canada April 27~29, 2005



ObjectiveThe overall objective of the project is to assess the

medium and long-term scenarios of future fuel technology development and to develop technology roadmaps for the scenarios

Potential benefits for APEC include:Strengthened long-term energy securitySustainable developmentReduced risks through partnership and collaborationImportant inputs to long-term energy policy



The second technology roadmapping workshop was held jointly by the EWG and ISTWG in Ping-tung, Chinese Taipei, August 10~12, 2005

The Workshop drew experts from 9 APEC Economies plus invited speakers from EBN, APERC and EGNRET, with a total of 49 participants

E:\EWG30\APEC EWG-ISTWG.htm



Participants were divided into three sub-groups on Bio-fuels, Unconventional Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen/Fuel Cells to refine the three respective roadmaps developed in the first workshop in Canada

Efforts were particularly made in the Chinese Taipei workshop to focus on synergies between the three fuel types and potential areas for APEC collaboration



Bio-fuels

Feedstocks Conversion Fuel Usage

Crops/Forestry• Straw, • Wood, Chips

Crops • Cellulosic- based

MSW

Manure

Waste water

Crops: Oilseeds

Animal Fats

Physical:• Chipping

• Compacting• Drying

Chemical:• Carbonization• Liquefaction• Gasification

Solid:• Chips• Pellets

• Briquette

Gas• Biogas• Syn gas

Biological:• Fermentation• Digestion

Liquid• Ethanol•Biodiesel

Chemical:

Transportation

Industry/Agriculture

• heat• electricity

Crops • Starch/sugar- based



Fossil Fuel-based Economy

2000

2010

2020Linkages

Linkages

Bio-fuel Roadmap with Timeline and Linkages to Other Fuel Types

2030

H2 - rich Biogas

Fuel cells, H2 storage

H2 from SynGas

H2H2

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Bio-fuelEconomy

Bio-fuel

Development

Bio-fuel

Development

Bio Oil - Pyrolysis

Ethanol from starch/sugar

CH4 – rich Biogas

Bio-diesel

Ethanol from cellulose

SynGas

Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ( BIGCC)

Polygeneration of energy, chemicals and H2

From proof of concept to implementation

Technology readily

available

Need specification and market for co-products

Limited experiences and further R&D needed

Direct combustion

Diesohol



Charcoal (100% C)

Coal

Crude Oil

Synthetics

Gas

Hydrogen (0% C)

5000 BC 2030 AD ?

• Gaseous fuels infrastructure facilitates the Transition to Hydrogen

•Exchange of H2 and C for energy balance•Bio-fuels inclusion in the evolutionary chain

In the Year 2030•Hydrocarbon Fuels will still have major market shares

•Have the capacity to meet demand

•Move to Unconventional Hydrocarbon FuelsGas-Liquid-Solid Fuel Vision:

Gas Market Share will Increase vs Crude Oil & Coal

Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels Will Remain

Conversion of Coal to Gas and Liquid Fuels (Clean-coal Usage)

Unconventional HC

Hydro

Carbons

Primary Supply

Fuel Production

Fuel Transport

Fuel

Distribution

Fuel Storage Fuel End Use

Public Perception

CNG

LNG

LCNG

BCosts

BPayload

bEngines

BLNG

Liquefact.

SynGas

GTL

ONew

Resource

OCatalysts

Scale

Coal

Bed

Methane

BGeology

BEnviron

Heavy

Crude

Bitumen

BEnviron.

ODemos

Methane Hydrates

In Situ

BGeology

B/OEnviron;

Reservoir Eng./

Resource



Hydrogen/Fuel Cells2010 2020 2030

NG/Liquids Ref. PEMFC/ICEStationary/Transportation/Portable

Electricity Electrolysis H2 PEMFC/ICETransportation

Coal Gasification CO2 Seq.SOFC/MCFCStationary

Coal/Biomass with CO2 Seq. Large-Scale Applications> 10 MW

Biomass Gasification(on-site) SOFC/MCFCStationary/Portable

Biomass Gasifi.(on-site) (pipeline) Conv. to H2

Fueling StationsTransportationGeoth./Wind/Solar Electrolysis H2 Remote Power/Power Firming

Solar Photo-Electroch. C1/C0 Fuels All Applications

Thermal-Chemical Dissociation H2 All Applications



Much research still required for cost competitivenessReformation maximizing H2 yield and minimizing footprint for a

given feedstock

Reformation suitable for multiple feedstock in small stationary applications

High temp. membrane for PEMFC and lowering operation temp. for SOFC

Major scientific breakthrough for on-board storage of hydrogen

Experimental techniques to probe the inside of fuel cells

Sustained investment from government needed Hydrogen only as clean as its source and life-cycle

environmental impact analyses required for mass deployment



Integration of Future Fuel Supply



ObservationAll economies will have an integrated mixed fuel strategyThe mixture will vary regionally and will depend on:

– Cost competitiveness of alternatives (primarily)– Government policy (secondarily)

Governments will be energized by public attitudes and special interests in the following areas– Impact of energy price on economy– Perceived or real threats to public health and safety– Security of supply

Distribution infrastructure is costly and will be developed only for major fuels, i.e. secondary fuels will be most cost competitive by adapting to use this infrastructure to the maximum or are employed in a distributed manner



Future Project ActionsInterim roadmaps will be finalized and synergie

s between them will be emphasized

An integrated, multi-pathway approach will be recommended for adoption to maximize R&D effectiveness

The draft technology roadmaps and report will be examined lastly in the final workshop in Chiangmai, Thailand, November 3~4, 2005



http://www.egeec.apec.org/fuels

http://www.apecforesight.org

Documents

APEC Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels Technologies—An EWG-ISTWG Cooperation A Summary Report Of The APEC EWG-ISTWG Workshop on Roadmapping Future Fuels