Apastambha Gruhya Sutras Gruhya Sutras.pdfThe Doctoral thesis on Apastamba Grhya sUtram by Dr. N.V. Srinivasan SvAmi is a very valuable addition to the current literature on Kalpa

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Sincere Thanks to:

Oppiliappan Koil SrI V.Sadagopan SvAmi for hosting this title in his website www.sadagopan.org

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Table of contents

Introduction by Oppiliappan Koil SrI V.Sadagopan in English i

Grhya sUtram - PhD Thesis in Tamil 1- 287

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லமீஹ

யக்

வர்

- பரக

ால ம

டம்

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i

SrI:

Foreword by

Oppiliappan Koil SrI. V. Sadagopan

***

The Vedas have six anga-s (auxiliaries). They are SIkshA (Phonetics), VyAkaraNa (Grammar), Chandas (Metre), nirukta (Etymology), Kalpa (Rituals) and Jyotisha (Astrology). The fifth anga, the Kalpa provides a home for the Srauta and Grhya sUtra-s. The observance of these maxims/codes helps to build up one's Vaidika SrI and firms up one's adherence to the Vedic way of life prescribed for the members of the different ASrams like Brahmacaryam and Grhasta. This observance is a type of nOnpu/Vratam. When successfully concluded, this "nOnpu" ultimately results in receiving the sanmAnam/reward of "saha bhojanam" with Sri VaikuNThanAthAn at His Supreme Abode of Paramapadam as a mukta Jeevan. Veda declares this Ananda anubhavam (sosnute) as the Ultimate PurushArtham for a jeevan.

On this auspicious “Koodarai Vellum cIr Govinda" dinam associated with the observance of TiruppAvai nOnpu, as taught by ANDAL, SrI HayagrIva likhita kaimkarya ghoshThI is privileged to release the recently completed Doctoral Thesis of SrimAn N.V. Srinivasan SvAmi of Chennai on ApastambIya Grhya sUtra-s. We thank him for his permission to release this precious thesis in our Portal, www.sadagopan.org.

SrI NVS SvAmi is highly regarded in Astika circles as an erudite Brahaspati and an authority on the performance of many Hindu samskArams in a blemishless manner. With his well researched thesis on "ApastambIya Grhya sUtra-s, Swami has completed a mahA Kaimkaryam to share his vast knowledge on the Grhya sUtra-s assembled by ApAstamba for the benefit of aspiring AstikAs, who desire to learn more about the ancient wisdom enshrined in these source granthams.

The Kalpa sUtra-s contain precious information indeed about Srauta and Grhya Karma-s. The Srauta Karma-s deal with long and short yAgams lasting from a few days to an entire year. Grhya sUtra-s are short Vedic rituals designed for a Grhastan. The Srauta karmAs are done with three kinds of Agni-s (sacrificial fires). The Grhya KarmAs guided by the Grhya sUtra-s are performed with just one Agni. The domestic rituals and rites of a Grhastan are rooted in specific Veda SAkhA-s for the benefit of the observer. Grhya sUtra-s are specifically intended for use by Grhasta-s. These Grhya sUtra-s like the one assembled by Sage Apastamba is for those, who belong to the taittirIya recension of the Krishna Yajur Veda as their Veda SAkhA. The other three Vedas have their own Grhya sUtra-s like ASvalaya Grhya sUtra-s for the Rg Veda and JaiminIya Grhya sUtra-s for sAma Vedin-s and many more.

A gruhastan uses the Grhya sUtra-s to conduct Vedic rituals like conception (garbha dAnam), birth, initiation (upanayanam), marriage et al. There are in all forty samskArams in the pUrva prayogam section. These are described in Sadagopan.org portal link of SrI Hayagrivan. It is a 48 page introduction to the forty Vedic samskAram-

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s and is authored by Professor ThyAgarAjan of Madras University. There are many mantram-s from the Kalpa sUtra-s with translations of the mUla mantra-s. This valuable introduction to the Hindu samskAram-s is covered in the 55th e-book in the SrI Hayagrivan series of our portal. The 27th e-book in the Sundarasimham series covers Pradhana Satakam of SvAmi DeSikan, dealing with vedic rites and the 17th e-book of Sri Hayagrivan series has more information on VedopAsana for liberation from the cycles of births and deaths and for enjoying eternal Moksha Sukham of sAyujyam.

The Doctoral thesis on Apastamba Grhya sUtram by Dr. N.V. Srinivasan SvAmi is a very valuable addition to the current literature on Kalpa sUtra-s and provides the links between ViSishTAdvaitam, Bhagavad SAstram-s and Grhya sUtra-s in general and the ApastambIya Grhya sUtram in particular.

In closing, aDiyEn wishes to express my fond hope that Dr. N.V.S Swami would render another mahA Kaimkaryam of creating an English translation of his Doctoral thesis in MaNipravALam. Such a translation has a high potential to reach out to the community of students and scholars across the globe. The expatriate Indians settled down in many countries far away from home will benefit very much from their study of Grhya sUtra-s to enhance the spiritual quality of their lives.

SrImad Azhagiyasingar tiruvaDigaLE SaraNam

dAsan,

Oppiliappan Koil Varadachari Sadagopan

ii

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Dr.M.A. Ntq;flf;U\;zd; M.A, M.Phil, Ph.D, D.Lit.itztj;Jiw


nrd;id - 600005.

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Dr. G+kh ntq;flf;U\;zd; (itztj;Jiw Nguhrphpah;)

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fy;g ]_j;uk; MFk;.

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mtrpak; vd;gJ cWjpahfpwJ.

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,e;j Muha;r;rpapy; Mg];jk;gpfs; vdg;gLk; a[_u;

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tsu;r;rpf;fhd mE[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fNs Kf;fpakhdit"

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me;j Nehf;fj;ij NkYk; J}z;Ltjhf mike;jJ.

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mbNad; gzpahw;Wk; Jiwapy; vk;ngUkhd;

f;Uigapdhy;> nghf;fp\k; Nghd;w> mUk;ngUk; E}y;fs;

fpilf;fg;ngw;wJk;> mtw;Wf;fhd tpsf;fq;fis k`hd;fsplk;

cge;ah]khf mwpaf; fpilj;jJk;> ,e;j Qhd nghf;fp\j;ij

cyFf;F cgfhpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w NguthtpdhYk;> Jiw

rhu;e;j rhd;Nwhu;fspd; jatpdhYk; ,J ]hj;jpakhapw;W.

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tprp\;lhj;itjk; - f;U`;a ]_j;uk; njhlh;G? =];thkp Njrpfd; mUspr;nra;Js;s ‘u`];a

uj;ehtsp"apy;> vk;ngUkhdplj;Jr; ruzile;jtdhd Nrjdd;

‘f;Ujf;Uj;ad;" mjhtJ nra;aNtz;ba midj;ijAk;

nra;J Kbj;jtd;> ,dp mtd; nra;tjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy

vd;fpw jFjpiag; ngw;w g;uge;eidg;gw;wp 11 kw;Wk; 12k;

r;Nyhfj;jpy; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

11. ,g;gb kUxtakRxtyadhd g;uge;eDf;F vaNa_-AaEa`maaid-Qama_q;fshtd

ifq;fu;a tpNr\q;fs;.

12. ,tDf;F ‘M[;Qh - mE[;Qh - isaÔq;fshd

ifq;fu;aq;fs; vy;yhk; ];tak; g;uNah[dq;fs;" vd;W

mUspr;nra;Js;shh;. ,jw;fhd t;ahf;ahdkhf mUspr;

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhtJ:

,g;gb f;UUjf;Uj;adhd g;uge;eDf;F tu;zhr;ukhjp

ju;kq;fs; ];tje;j;u M[;Qh ]pj;jq;fshd ifq;fu;a

tpNr\q;fs;.

g;ugj;jpiar; nra;jtd; ‘f;Ujf;Uj;ad;" vdg;gLfpd;whd;.

,r;nrhy;Yf;Fr; nra;aNtz;baijr; nra;J Kbj;jtd; vd;W

nghUs;. ,td; g;uh`;kzd; ~j;hpad; vd;w Kiwapy;

cs;s jd; [hjpf;Fk; g;u`;kru;ak;> ,y;ywk; Nghd;w

Mr;ukq;fSf;Fk; Vw;wthW rh];j;uq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l

ju;kq;fisr; nra;NjahfNtz;Lk;. rh];j;unkd;gJ vd;d?

];tje;jpudhd vk;ngUkhDila fl;lisfs;jhNd!

,e;jf; flikfis g;uge;ed; NtnwhU gyidf; fUjp

nra;atpy;iynad;gJ cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; ,tw;iwr;

nra;ahtpby; vk;ngUkhdJ fl;lisia kPwpa Fw;wj;Jf;F

,td; Mshf Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j g;uge;eeDf;F Nrjd - mNrje - cghaq;fisg; gw;wpAk; epr;rakhd

Qhdk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. NtW nja;tj;ijj; njhOjy;

11 www.sadagopan.org

7

Kjypa Fw;wq;fs; ,tdplk; fpilah. ,td; jdf;Fs;s

rf;jpia xspf;fhky; ,ad;wsTf;F tu;zhr;uk ju;kq;fisr;

nra;NjahfNtz;Lk;. tplKbahJ. mtw;iwr; nra;tJ

vk;ngUkhd; cfe;j ifq;fu;aj;ijr; nra;jjhFk;.

vk;ngUkhdJ ifq;fu;aj;jpNyNa Ritfz;l g;uge;ed;>

tu;zhr;uk ju;kq;fis vjw;fhfr; nra;aNtz;Lk;? vd;W

Nfl;ff;$lhJ. ,j;jifa g;uge;eidf; Fwpj;Nj gy

rh];j;uq;fs; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wd.

g;uge;ed; fhk;aq;fshd (,k;ikg;gaDf;Fupa) fu;kq;fisr;

nra;af;$lhJ.

]e ;j ;ahte ;jdk; Kjypa epj ;a fu ;kq ;fisAk; >

rpuhj;jk; Kjypa iekpj;jpf fu;kq;fisAk; g;uge;ed;

nra;NjahfNtz;Lk;. ju;kk; FiyahjpUf;fTk;> Fyj;jpd;

ngUikiaf; fhf;fTk;> cyfj;jhh; ,tidg;ghu;j;J

nflhjpUf;fTk;> tu;zhr;uk ju;kq;fspd; tiuaiw

mopahjpUf;fTk;> jpt;ajk;gjpfs; cfg;Gf;fhfTk; Gj;jpkhdha;

cs;s g;uge;ed; itjpfkhd flikfis kPw kdj;jhy;$l

epidf;ff;$lhJ vd;W =gh\;afhuu; Kjypa nghpNahh;fs;

mUspr;nra;Js;s epj;a f;ue;jq;fspYk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,tDf;F M[;Qh - mE[;Qh ]pj;jq;fshd ifq;fu;aq;fnsy;yhk;

];tak; g;uNah[eq;fs;.

g;uge;ed; g;ugj;jpf;Fg; gpwF ,q;F ,Uf;Fk; ehs;tiu

nra;Ak; ifq;fu;aq;fs; ,U tifg;gLk;:

1)M[;Qh ifq;fu;ak; 2)mE[;Qh ifq;fu;ak;.

1)M[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fshtd: rh];jpuj;jpy; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W

tpyf;fg;gl;ltw;iw nra;ahjpUj;jy; kw;Wk; nra;aNjahfNtz;Lk;

vd;gtw;iwr; nra;jy;. mjhtJ jj;jkJ tu;zj;Jf;Fk;

Mr;ukj;Jf;Fk; Vw;wthW Rj;jkhd M`huj;ijNa cz;zy;

- Mrhuq;fspy; tiuaiw - ghgq;fisr; nra;ahjpUj;jy;

Kjypadthk;. ,tw;iwr; nra;tjhy; jdpg;gl;l gyd; ,y;iy.


8

nra;ahtpby; ghgk; cz;L. Mjypd; ,it M[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fs;

vdg;gLk;.

2) mE[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fshtd : M[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fSf;Fg;

Nghf vQ;rpa mtfhrq;fspy; vk;ngUkhDila jpUf;fy;ahz

Fzq;fis mE]e;jpj;jy; - mtidj; Jjpj;jy; - mtd;

jpUehkq;fisf; $Wjy; - ]e;epjpiag; ngUf;Fjy; - nkOFjy;

- jpUkhiy fl;b ]ku;g;gpj;jy; - jpUtpsf;F Vw;Wjy; Kjypad.

kw;nwhU tif: mwpT tsu;r;rpf;fhf Ntj E}y;fs;> ,jp`hr

Guhzq;fs;> Mo;thh;fs; mUspr;nra;j jpt;a g;uge;jq;fs;>

Mrhu;au;fSila =]_f;jpfs; (E}y;fs;) ,itfisr; N]tpj;jy;

(thrpj;jy;) gapw;Wtpj;jy; Kjypad. nray; cUthd mE[;Qh

ifq;fu;aq;fis tpl mwpT tsu;r;rpf;fhd mE[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fNs

Kf;fpakhdit vd;W ‘g;ujhd rjfj;jpy;" =];thkp Njrpfd;

mUspr; nra;Js;shh;.

,t;thwhd mE[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fis ,\;lKs;sNghJ

nra;ayhk;. ,\;lk; ,y;yhjNghJ nra;ahJtplyhk;.

,jdhy; ghgk; tuhJ. ,g;gb ,Ug;gJNt ,tw;Wf;F

Vw;wk;. Mjypd; ,itnay;yhk; mE[;Qh ifq;fu;aq;fs;

vdg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;j ,Utiff; ifq;fu;aq;fSk; vy;yhtif ge;Jtha;

vy;NyhUf;Fk; jiytdhd vk;ngUkhDf;F kpf;f kfpo;r;rpia

tpistpg;gd. fztdplk; kpf;f md;G nfhz;l gjptpuijahd

kidtp mtDf;Fg; gzptpil Kjypadtw;iwr; nra;fpd;whs;.

g;ujpgydhf mts;> fztdJ kfpo;r;rpiaad;wp NtW vg;gaidAk;

fUJtjpy;iy. Kf;jpngw;wtd; Nkh~j;jpy; vk;ngUkhDf;Ff;

ifq;fu;aq;fs; nra;fpd;whd;. mjw;F vk;ngUkhdJ cfg;gd;wp

NtW gad; ,y;iy. ,t;thNw g;uge;ed; ,q;F ,Uf;Fk; ehs;tiu

nra;Ak; ,e;j ,Utiff; ifq;fu;aq;fSf;Fk; vk;ngUkhdJ

cfg;igj; jtpu NtW vg;gaidAk; fUjkhl;lhd;. nra;Ak;

ifq;fu;aq;fSf;Fg; gad; mf;ifq;fu;aq;fNs vd;W fUjpr;


9

nra;tjdhy; nra;Ak;NghJk; mf;ifq;fu;aq;fs; kpf;f ,d;gj;ijg;

gaf;Fk;.

kw;Wk; g;u];jhd j;iuaq;fspy; xd;whd =kj; gftj;

fPijapy;

‘r;Ujp ];k;Ujph; kikth[;Qh: a];jhk; cy;yq;f;a th;j;jNj

M[;Qhr;Nrjp kk j;Nuhfp kj; gf;Njhgp e it\;zt:"

vd;W gfthd; mUspr;nra;Js;shd;. mjhtJ - ‘gftj;

gf;jp ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;w mfk;ghtj;jpdhy; vtd; jh;kj;ij

tpl;LtpLfpwhNdh mtd; vdf;Fj; JNuhfp" vd;W gfthd;

nrhy;Yfpwhd;. jh;kj;jpDila mbg;gilapy;jhd; gf;jp.

jh;kj;jpDila mbg;gilapy;jhd; [;Qhdk; vDk;nghOJ>

mjw;F mbg;gil kdpjg; gz;G! kdpjg; gz;G ,y;yhjtd;

ve;jf; fUkKk; nra;a mUfijapy;iy. kdpjd; kdpjg;

gz;Gld; ,Ug;gNj ju;kk; MFk;. jh;kk; vd;gJ ];tghtk;.

mjhtJ gz;Gnflhj kdpj ,ay;G. kdpj ];tghtk; ,it

vd;W eph;zak; nra;J> hp\pfs; vOjp itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.

kdpj ];tghtk; vd;gJ g;uj;Nafkhf g;uh ;̀kz r%fj;Jf;F

kl;Lkd;wp> cyfpYs;Nshu; midtUf;Fk; cupj;jhdjhFk;.

mtutu;fSf;Fupa ju;kj;ij mwpe;J mjd;gb elf;fNtz;Lk;.

jh;kj;Jf;F vJ g;ukhzk; vdpy; Ntjk;jhd; g;ukhzk;.

‘Ntjh: g;ukhzk;" vd;W kD Kjypa nghpNahh;fs; „jh;kj;Jf;F

Ntjk;jhd; g;ukhzk;… vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;. ‘Ntjhr; rh];j;uk;

guk; eh];jp" vd gy cjhuzq;fisf; $wyhk;. mj;jifa

Ntjj;jpy; cs;s jh;kj;ij ekf;F tpsf;Ftjw;fhfj;jhd;

hp\pfs; ];k;Ujpfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;fs;. r;Ujp> ];k;Ujp

,it ,uz;Lk; g;ukhzk; Mfpd;wd. vdNt r;Ujp ];k;Ujp

,t;tpuz;ilAk; mE\;lhdj;jpy; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;

vd;gJ tprp\;lhj;itjj;jpd; jiyaha Nfhl;ghLfspy; xd;W.


10

f;U`;a ]_j;uk; - tpsf;fk;mE\;lhdj;jpy; nfhz;LtuNtz;bajhd ;̃Ujp> ];k;Ujpfisr;

Rygkhf kdjpy; ,Uj;j> epidtpy; itf;f> RUf;fkhd ]_j;u

tbit hp\pfs; Nju;e;njLj;jdh;. ˜;Ujp> ];k;Ujp ,it

mstw;wjha; ,Ug;gjdhy;> mtw;iw epu;zak; nra;J kdpj

tu;fj;jpw;F cgfupg;gjw;fhf ju;k]_j;jpuf;fhuu;fs; Vw;gl;ldh;.

Nghjhad> Mg];jk;g> `puz;aNfrp> ghuj;th[>

]hq;f;ahad> nfs\PjfP> gh];fu> khet> fhlf> Nfhgpy>

fhjpu> i[kpdPa> nfsrpf vd;W gy f;U`;a ]_j;uq;fs;

cs;sd. ,th;fspy;> Mg];jk;gh; Nghjhadh; Nghd;Nwhh;

g;urpj;jkhdth;fs;. me;je;j Ntjq;fSf;Fj; jdpj; jdp

up\pfshy; ]_j;uq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Uf; Ntjj;jpw;F

Mr;tyhadh; ]_j;ufhuh;. a[{h; Ntjj;jpw;F Mg];jk;gh;>

Nghjhadh;> ]j;ah\hlh; KjypNahh; ]_j;ufhuh;fs;. Rf;y

a[{h;Ntjj;jpw;F fhj;ahadh;> ]hk Ntjj;jpw;F j;uh ;̀ahadh;

mth;fs; Vw;gLj;jpa ]_j;jpuq;fs;> mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa

jw;nghOJ cs;s g;uNahfq;fs; ahTk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd.

]_j;ufhuh;fs; jh;k ]_j;uk;> f;U`;a ]_j;uk;> r;nusj

]_j;uk;> Ry;g ]_j;uk; vd;W ehd;F tpjkhf fh;k

fhz;lj;ij gphpj;Js;shh;fs;. mtw;wpy; jh;k ]_j;uk; vd;gJ

th;zhr;uk jh;kq;fisAk; mjw;F Ntz;ba g;uhar;rpj;jk;

KjypaitfisAk; nrhy;fpd;wJ. ‘mjhNjh jh;k [p[;Qh]h“ vd;W

Muk;gpj;J jh;kq;fisr; nrhy;YfpwJ.

i[kpdp ]_j;uk; $l r;nusj tp\aq;fisr; nrhy;yf;$baJ.

,jpy; G+h;t kPkhk;]h ]_j;uq;fs; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wd.

th;zhr;uk jh;kq;fisr; nrhy;yf;$ba jh;k ]_j;uq;fs;>

mE\;lhdj;jpy; xU f;U`];jd; nra;a Ntz;ba> vd;ndd;d

]k;];fhuq;fs; cs;sdNth mtw;iwnay;yhk; Kiwg;gLj;jp

toq;FtNj ‘f;U`;a ]_j;uk;" MFk;. mjhtJ -

fh;ghjhdj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpj;J fh;ghjhdk;> ]Pke;jk;> cgeadk;

Nghd;w vd;ndd;d f;hpiafs; ehk; mE\;bf;fpNwhNkh

mitfis #rpgpf;fpw ]_j;uq;fs; f;U ;̀a ]_j;uq;fs; MFk;.

r;nusj ]_j;ukhtJ - ahfq;fs; vg;gbr; nra;tJ


11

vd;gij nrhy;Yk;gbahd ]_j;uq;fs;. ehk; nra;af;$ba

f;U`];j jh;kq;fSf;nfy;yhk; „];khh;j;j fh;kh… vd;W ngah;.

ahfq;fs; g;uj;Nafkhd tp\ak;. kpfr; rpyNu jw;NghJ

ahfq;fs; nra;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; cgeadk;> tpth`k;

Nghd;wit midtUk; mtrpak; filg;gpbf;fNtz;ba

fu;khf;fs; MFk;. ,jdhy; r;nusj ]_j;uj;ijf; fhl;bYk;

f;U`;a ]_j;uk; Kf;ak; vd;W Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy;

jh;k rh];j;uf;fhuh;fs; ahfj;ijr; nra;atjw;F jFjpia

]k;ghjpj;Jf;nfhs;sNt cgeadk;> tpth`k; Kjypaitfs;

vd;W nrhy;ypapUg;gjdhy; ahfq;fisr; nra;ar; nrhy;Yfpw

r;nusj ]_j;uq;fNs Kf;ak; vd;W nfhs;syhk;.

,Wjpahfr; nrhy;yg;gl;l Ry;g ]_j;uk; vd;gJ -

ahf rhiyfs; vy;yhk; vg;gb mikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;> mf;ep

Fz;lq;fs; vg;gb mikf;fNtz;Lk; ahf ghj;uq;fs; vy;yhk;

vg;gbj; jahh; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gijnay;yhk; gw;wpa xU

jdp rh];j;uk; Ry;g ]_j;uk;. hp\pfs; jkf;F ve;j gyidAk;

fUjhJ> kpFe;j rpukk; Nkw;nfhz;L ekf;Fj; jh;kq;fisr;

nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

fh;ghjhdk; vd;gJ „ve;j ehspy;> vg;NghJ xU ngz;zplk;

xU GU\d; epN\fk; nra;fpwhNdh mij Ntj ke;j;uj;NjhL

gz;zNtz;Lk;… vd;W epN\fk; cs;spl;litfSf;Fk; hp\pfs;

Mr;rh;akhf ke;j;uq;fisAk;> g;uNahfq;fisAk; mikj;J

toq;fpAs;sdu;. ,e;j ];J}ykhd rhPuk; je;ijAk; jhAk;

Nrh;e;jJ. ,jw;Fs; xU itjPfkhd ];t&gk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

me;j itjPf ];t&gNk gug;u`;kj;jpd; Nr\khfpa

Md;khthFk;. Ntj ]k;];fhuq;fshy; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l Md;kh

Nr\pahd gug;u`;kj;ij milaNtz;Lk; vd;w [;Qhdj;ijg;

ngWfpd;wJ.

fh;ghjhdj;jpNyNa Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Ntjk;> me;j fh;gk;

3 khjk; Mfptpl;lhy; Gk;]tdk;> 8 khjk; Mfptpl;lhy;

]Pke;jk;> vd;W 40 ]k;];fhuq;fSk; njhlu;e;J Ntjj;jhNyNa

nra;ag;glNtz;Lk; vd;W rh];j;uq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.


12

40 ]k;];fhuq;fs; ,e;j ]k;];fhuq;fs; vjw;F vd Nfl;fg;gLkhdhy;‚

jq;fk; jq;fkhfNt ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;lhYk;> mij g;ufhrpf;fr;

nra;a> ];Glk; NghlNtz;Lk;. mJNghy; ]k;];fhuq;fis

Kiwg;gb gz;zg; gz;z> nra;Jnfhs;gtDf;F g;u`;k

Nj[]; cz;lhFk;.

nfsjk jh;k ]_j;uj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s 40 ]k;];fhuq;fs;:

‘fh;ghjhd> Gk;]td> ]Pke;Njhd;dad> [hjfh;k>

ehkfuz> md;dg;uhrd> nrss> cgead rj;thhp

NtNjh t;ujhjpgp: ];ehek;> ]`jh;krhhpzp ]k;Nahf:

gQ;rhehk; a[;Qhdhk; mE\;lhdk; Njt> gpj;U>

kE\;a> G+j> g;u`;kzhk; NaNj\hk; r m\;lfh

ghh;tz: r;uhj;jk; r;uhtzP> Mf;u`hazP r irj;hP

Mr;tA[P ]g;j ghf a[;Q ]k;];jhe; mf;epahNjak;

mf;epN`hj;uk; jh;r G+h ;zkhn]s Mf;uazk;>

rhJh;kh];ahep ep&l gRge;j: n]se;j;uhkzp ]g;j

`tph; a[;Q ]k;];jhd; mf;ep\;Nlhk:> mj;af;ep\;Nlhk:>

cf;j;a:> N\hlrP> th[Nga:> mjpuhj;u:> Mg;Njhh;ahk

,jp ]g;j N]hk]k;];jh ,j;NaNj rj;thhpk;r

]k;];fhuh:"

vd;W 40 ]k;];fhuq;fspd; gl;bay; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,tw;wpy; ghjp ];khh;j;j fh;kh> ghjp a[;Qq;fshd

r;nusj fh;kh. ,t;thwhf 40 ]k;];fhuq;fshNy

gz;gLj;jg;gl;ltd; [;typf;fpwhd;. xUtd; xU ]k;];fhuj;ij

nra;ahJtpl;lhy; mLj;jLj;j ]k;];fhuj;Jf;F mtDf;Fj;

jFjp fpilahJ.


13

40 ]k;];fhuq;fshtd:

1.fh;ghjhdk; 2.Gk;]tdk;

3.]Pke;j;k; 4.[hjfh;k

5.ehkfuzk; 6.md;dg;uhrdk;

7.nrssk; 8.cgeadk;

9.g;uh[hgj;a t;ujk; 10.n]sk;a t;ujk;

11.Mf;Neat;ujk; 12.itr;tNjtt;ujk;

13.]khth;jdk; 14.tpth`k;

15.Njta[;Qk; 16.gpj;Ua[;Qk;

17.kD\;a a[;Qk; 18.G+j a[;Qk;

19.g;Uk;k a[;Qk; 20.m\;lfh> me;t\;lfh

21.ghh;tzk; 22.];jhyPghfk;

23.Mf;u`hazP 24.r;uhtzP

25.irj;hP 26.Mr;tA[P

27.mf;epahjhdk; 28.mf;dpN`hj;uk;

29.jh;r> G+h;zkhrk; 30.Mf;uazk;

31.rhJh;kh];ak; 32.ep&l gRge;jk;

33.n]sj;uhkzp 34.mf;dp\;Nlhkk;

35.mj;af;dp\;Nlhkk; 36.cf;j;ak;

37.N\hlrP 38.th[Ngak;

39.mjpuhj;uk; 40.mg;Njhh;ahkk;.

];khu;j;j fh;khf;fs; ahTk; xNu mf;epapy; nra;ag;glNtz;bait

vd;gjhy; ,tw;Wf;fhd ke;jpuq;fs; mlq;fpa ijj;uPa a[_];

rhifiar; Nru;e;j njhFjpf;F ‘Vfhf;ep fhz;lk;" vd;W ngau;.


14

rh];j;uKk; ]k;g;ujhaKk; rh]ehj; rh];j;uk; vd;gu;. ,ijr; nra;> mijr;

nra; vd tpjpj ;J rh]dk; nra;tjhy; ,jw;F

rh];j ;uk ; vd ngau; te;jJ vd;gu ; . ‘];ehj;th

GQ;[Pj" (Fspj;jgpd; rhg;gpL) vd rh];j;uk; gfu;fpwJ.

ekf;Fj; njupe;j tp\aq;fis rh];j;uk; $whJ. kw;Wk;

rh];j;uj;jpy; ,g;gbj;jhd; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr;

nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; jtpu> kw;w tp\aq;fis mtutu;

tpUg;gg;gb nra;J nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; tpUg;gg;gb

nra;a Kw;gLk;NghJ> rpyrkak; rh];j;uk; ,g;gbj;jhd;

nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W $wpa tpjpia kPWk;gb MfptpLk;.

kw;Wk; vq;Nfh Xuplj;jpy; tFj;Jr; nrhd;d tp\ak; NtNwhu;

,lj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;Jkhdhy; mij mErupf;fNtz;Lk;.

Vio> gzf;fhud;> gythd;> rf;jpaw;wtd;> Nehahsp vd

ntt;NtW juj;jpYs;stUf;Fj; jf;fgb rh];j;uk; ntt;NtW

tpjpfisAk;> tpjptpyf;FfisAk; nrhy;yf; $baJ.

Mifahy; rh];j;uk; kpfTk; El;gkhdJ. vdNt rh];j;uj;ij

mErhpj;J fh;khf;fis

mjpy; rh];j;uj;ij kPwhj> Ik;Gyd;fSf;Fk; cw;rhfk;

mspf;ff;$ba> fiyak;rk; epiwe;j gy;NtW mk;rq;fisg;

GFj;jp> gz;gLj;jp> rh];j;uk; tpjpj;jjhy; flikf;fhfr;

nra;fpNwhk; vd;fpd;w vz;zk; Vw;glhky;> Nrhu;tpd;wp>

cw;rhfj;JlDk;> ctifAlDk; fh;khit mE\;bf;fj;

jf;ftifapy; nrk;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lNj ]k;g;ujhak;

MFk;. ]k;af;-g;u-jhak; - ]k;g;ujhak;. jhak; vd;why;

nrhj;J. ]k;af; vd;why; kpf ed;whfg; gz;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

vd;W nghUs;. vdNt fh;khf;fis mE\;bf;Fk; tpjq;fis>

ek;Kd;Ndhu; ,g;gb gz;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;Js;sdh;.

cjhuzkhf rh];j;uk; ve;j ]k;];fhu fu;khit ve;jf;

fhyj;jpy; gz;zNtz;Lk;> ]k;];fhuk; gz;zpf;nfhs;gtdpd;


15

jFjpfs; > gz;zpitf;Fk ; je ;ij my;yJ me;j

];jhdj;Jf;Fhpatdpd; jFjpfs; Nghd;w epge;jidfis

kl;LNk $Wk;. f;U`;a ]_j;uk; me;jf; fu;khtpy; mlq;Fk;

f;hpiafis RUf;fkhf mf;ep]e;jhdk;> xsgh]dk;>

G+h;thq;fk;> g;ujhdk;> cj;juhq;fk; vd vd;ndd;d mq;fq;fs;

,Uf;fNtz;Lk; mjw;F vd;ndd;d g;uNahfq;fs;> ke;j;uq;fs;

mE\;bf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gtw;iwf; $Wk;.

]k;g;ujhaNkh ve;j ,\;l nja;tk;> Fynja;tj;ij

Kd;dpl;Lj; njhlq;fNtz;Lk;> ahiu Mrhu;adhff;

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;> mf;fu;khtpy; ahu; ahu; ,lk;ngwNtz;Lk;>

ahu; ahUf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; juNtz;Lk;> vd;ndd;d

myq;fhuq;fs; nra;aNtz;Lk;> vd;ndd;d th]dhjp

j;ut;aq;fs; cgNahfpf;fNtz;Lk;> vd;ndd;d Jzpkzpfs;

cLj;jNtz;Lk;> ve;nje;j epwq;fis cgNahfpf;fNtz;Lk;>

vt;nttw;iw tpyf;fNtz;Lk;> vt;thW mzpfyd;fs;

mzpaNtz;Lk;> vq;nfq;F vt;ntt;tiff; Nfhyq;fs;

NghlNtz;Lk ; > vd ;ndd ;d thj ;j paf ; fUtpfs ;

,lk;ngwNtz;Lk;> vd;ndd;d Nfspf;iffs; epfo;j;jNtz;Lk;>

vd;d gzpahuf;fha;> vd;ndd;d jpd;gz;lq;fs; vj;jid

vj;jid rPuhf itf;fg;glNtz;Lk;> vd;ndd;d jspif

tiffs; rikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;> mit vt;tpjkhfg;

ghpkhwg;glNtz;Lk;> ahu;ahUf;F vd;ndd;d ghpRg;nghUl;fs;

toq;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gdNghd;w xU epfo;r;rpiag;

gythWk; nkUNfw;wp cw;rhfg;gLj;jf;$ba mk;rq;fis

fhyk; fhykhfg; ghu;j;Jg; ghu;j;Jg; Gide;J mspf;fg;gl;lJ

]k;g;ujhakhFk;.

NkYk; Mg];jk;g f;U ;̀a ]_j;uk; glyk;-1 fz;lk;-2y; 13>

14> 15k; ]_j;uq;fspy; fPo;f;fz;lthW njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:

savaa_iNa pauNyaaoWtaaina naXa~aaiNa| | 13 |

taqaa maÈ\galaaina| | 14 |


16

AavaRtaScas~aIBya: pa`taIyaorna\| | 15 |

13. ]h;thzp Gz;Nahf;jhep e~j;uhzp.

[;Nahjp\j;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s Rg K`_h;j;jq;fs;

tpth`j;jpw;F Vw;wit.

14. jjh kq;fshdp.

rq;fk;> Je;Jgp> tPzhehjk;> Fy];j;hPfspd; ghl;L Kjypa

kq;fs fhh;aq;fs; tpth`j;jpd;NghJ nra;aj;jf;fjhFk;.

,q;Nf ];ehek;> Rj;j t];j;uk;> re;jdk; G+rpf;nfhs;Sjy;>

rq;fk;> Je;Jgp> tPiz Kjypa thj;jpaq;fs;> Fy];j;hPfspd;

ghl;L> gy tz;zKs;s mofhd Milfs;> Fil>

nfhb gpbg;gJ Kjypaitfs; kq;fs fh;khf;fs; vd;W

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Fyhrhuj;jpy; ngz;fspd; fUj;Jk; mtrpak;

15. Mt;jr;r];j;hPg;a: g;ujPNaud;.

ke;jpuq;fsw;w nray;fSf;F ‘Mt;Uj:" vd;W ngah;.

f;U`;a ]_j;uj;jhy; tpjpf;fg;glhj rpy ke;jpukpy;yhj>

Fy tof;fk;> Ch;> njU tof;fk; Nghd;w guk;giuahfr;

nra;ag;gl;LtUk; ]k;g;ujha tp\aq;fspy; ngz;fspd;

mgpg;uhaj;ijAk; Nfl;L ,UghyUf;Fk; kdj;jpUg;jpaspf;Fk;

tpjj;jpy; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ.

tpth`j;jpd;nghOJ mNef cs;@h; fhh ;aq;fs;

ngz;fSf;F Vw;whh;Nghy; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. me;j

fhh;aq;fis ngz;fsplkpUe;J Nfl;Lj; njhpe;J nfhz;L

ChpNyh> Chpy; cs;s tPLfspNyh ghuk;gh;a Kiwg;gbr;

nra;aNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G:- cjhuzkhf ge;jy;fhy; K`_h;j;jk;> Rkq;fyp

g;uhh;j;jid> cSe;J cilj;jy;> Gj;Jf;F ghy;njspj;jy;

Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.


17

ngz;fs; cs;spl;l FLk;gj;jpdu; midtUk; ed;F

tpUk;gpg; gq;Nfw;f Ntz;ba epfo;r;rpahf fu;khf;fs;

mikaNtz;Lk; vd;W rh];j;uKk; njuptpf;fpwJ vd;gij

Nkw;fz;l rh];j;u tpjpfshy; cWjpnra;ayhk;.

vdNt> ]k;g;ujhakhdJ> jj;Jtk;> rh];j;uk;> [;Nahjp\k;>

gQ;rhq;fk;> Fyju;kk;> nysfPf nrsfu;ak;> gftj;

ghftjhrhu;a> ge;Jkpj;u gupghydk; cs;spl;l midj;ijAk;

cs;slf;fp xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;glhj tifapYk;>

Mz;lhz;L fhykhf ngupNahu;fshy; kpf kpff; ftdkhf

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lit MFk;.

mtrpak; nra;NjahfNtz;Lk; vd;fpw epj;a> iekpj;jpf

fu;khf;fisj; jtpu> ge;J kpj;uhjp FLk;g N~khu;j;jk;> Nyhf

N~khu;j;jk;> gftj;> ghftj> ju;ku~z ifq;fu;aq;fshf

MA\;a N`hkk;> \\;bag;j G+u;j;jp> rjhgpN\fk;>

=]{ju;rd N`hkk;> jd;te;jup N`hkk; Nghd;witAk;

]k;g;ujhaj;jhy; Vw;gl;litNa MFk;.

rh];j;uj;ij vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kPwf;$lhJ‚ kPwpdhy;

ehk; tpUk;gpdhYk; tpUk;ghtpl;lhYk; mjw;fhd ghgKk;

Njh\Kk; ek;kplk; te;J Nru;e;JtpLk;.

rh];j;uj;ij kPwpdhy;> jhd;kl;LNk ghgpahthd;.

]k;g;ujhaj;ij kPwpdhy; jd; re;jjp

midj;ijAk; ghgpfshf;Ffpwtd; Mthd;.

Vndd;why ; > ]k ;g ; ujhaj ;ij k PWtjhy ; ghgk ;

Vw;glhtpl;lhYk;> ]k;g;ujhak; kPwg;glhky; ,Uf;Fk;tiuNa

fu;khf;fs; cw;rhfj;Jld; mE\;bf;fg;gLk;. ]k;g;ujhak;

nfLkhdhy; fu;khf;fspy; uridaw;Wg;Ngha;


Xu; Ma;T

,ay; - 2f;U`;a ]_j;uk; glyk; -1

(,t;tpaypy; fu;khf;fSf;fhd mbg;gil tp\aq;fshd

mf;dp Fz;lk; mikj;jy; Kjy; tpth`j;jpw;fhd tud;>

fd;dpifapd; y~zq;fs; tiu tptpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)


19

=kjhg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uhzp

Kjy; glyk; - Kjy; fz;lk;f;U`;a fh;khf;fs;

1. ‘mj fu;khz;ahrhuhj;ahep f;U`;ae;Nj" 1 vd;W ,e;j

f;U`;a ]_j;uj;jpd; Kjy; ]_j;ukhdJ njhlq;Ffpd;wJ.

,jdhy; #rpg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tp\aq;fshtd...

‘mj" vd;Dk; gjk; mLj;J my;yJ gpwF my;yJ

jw;nghOJ vd;Dk; mu;j;jj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ‘mj

fh;khzp" vd;gjhy; fPNo tptupf;fg;glTs;s> fu;khf;fs;

vd;gjhfg; nghUs;.

‘Mrhuhj;ahep f;U`;ae;Nj" 2 vd;gjd; %yk; tpth`k;

Kjypa fu;khf;fspd; tpsf;fk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. mtw;wpd;

[;Qhdk;> g;uNahfj;jhYk;> eilKiwg; gapw;rpahYk;

cz;lhfpwJ. ,q;F ‘mj" vDk; rg;jj;jpw;F r;nusj

fu;khf;fspd; tpsf;fq;fs; Kbe;jgpd; ];khu;j;j fu;khf;fSf;F

tpsf;fk; toq;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. a[;Qk;

vd;gJ %NtO tifg;gLk;.

xsgh]dk;> itr;tNjtk;> ghu ;tzk;> m\;lfh>

kh]pr;uhj;jk;> ]h;ggyp> ju;rG+h;zkh]k;> Mf;uadk;> rhJu;kh];ak;>

ep&lgRge;jk;> n]sj;uhkzp> gpz;lgpj;U a[;Qk; Mfpait

`tpu; a[;Qq;fs;.

mf;ep\;Nlhkk;> mj;af;ep\;Nlhkk;> cf;j;ak;> N\hlrP>

th[Ngak;> mjpuhj;uk; kw;Wk; mg;Njhu;ahkk; ,it VOk;

N]hk]k;];ij vdg;gLk;.

2. cjfae G+u;tg~h`: Gz;ahN`\{fhh;ahzp

1 ,ay;-12 gpw;Nru;f;ifapy; ]_j;uq;fs; KOikahf ]k;];f;Ujj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2 Mg];jk;g f;U`;a]_j;uk; - rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah - gf;fk; - 4

3 fz;l G+\zk; - gf;fk; - 13


20

Gz;akhd Rg fhu;aq;fis cj;juhazj;jpYk;> khjj;jpd;

Rf;y g~khfpa G+h;t g~j;jpYk; Rg ehl;fspYk; epfo;j;j

Ntz;Lk; vd;W nghUs;. mjhtJ j~pzhazj;ij

Rgq;fSf;F tpyf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJ ,jd; cl;nghUs;.

3. a[;NQhgtPjpeh.

,e;jf; fu;khf;fis a[;NQhgtPjj;Jld;jhd; nra;aNtz;Lk;

vd;gJ ‘g;uhfgtu;fhzp" 4 vd;w Mg];jk;gupd; ]_j;jpuj;jpy;

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4. g;uj~pzk;

G+u;t fu;khf;fis ,lJ gf;fk; Muk;gpj;J tyJ gf;fk;

Kbf;fNtz;Lk;. cj;juk; vdg;gLk; tlf;F Njtu;fspd;

jpirahFk;> j~pzk; vdg;gLk; njw;F gpj;Uf;fspd;

jpirahFk;. fpof;F Kfkhf mku;e;J fh;khf;fisr;

nra;Ak;NghJ> ,lJ gf;fk; tlf;Fjpir ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt

me;j tlf;F jpirg; gf;fk; Muk;gpj;J nra;tJ cj;jkk;.

5.Gu];jhJjf;Nthgth;f:

‘,je;J g;uhj~pz;ak; ghfa[;NQ\{

jj;Nfhb\{ r tpth`hjp\{ ..." 5 G+h;t fh;khf;fspd;

Muk;gk; fpof;Fg;gf;fkhfNth my;yJ tlf;Fg; gf;fkhfNth

Muk;gpf;fNtz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf mf;epf;F ghp];juzkhf

jh;gq;fisg; gug;Gk;NghJ> mf;epf;Ff; fpof;fpYk;> Nkw;fpYk;

Nrh;f;fg;gLk; jh;gq;fs; tlf;F EdpfshfTk;> mf;epf;F

tlf;fpYk;> njw;fpYk; Nrh;f;fg;gLk; jh;gq;fs; fpof;F

EdpfshfTk; Nrh;f;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ tpjp.

6.jjhgth;f:

,e;j G+h;t fh;khf;fspd; KbTk; fpof;F my;yJ tlf;Fj;

jpf;fpNyNa mikaNtz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf mf;ep Fz;lk;

4 Mg];jk;g f;U`;a]_j;uk; - rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah - gf;fk;-6

5 Mg];jk;g f;U`;a]_j;uk; - rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah - gf;fk; 6


21

mikg;gjw;F Kd;Gk;> cjfrhe;jp Fk;gk; mikg;gjw;F

Kd;Gk; cy;Nyfdk; nra;Ak;NghJ> fpof;F Nehf;fpf;

fpopf;fg;gLk; NfhLfs; tlf;fpy; ,WjpahfTk;> tlf;F

Nehf;fpf; fpopf;fg;gLk; NfhLfs; fpof;fpy; ,WjpahfTk;

fpopf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

7. mgugN~ gpj;h;ahzp

ngsh;zkpf;Fg;gpd; mLj;j mkhthi] tiuapyhd

15 jpdq;fs; mgu g~k; my;yJ f;U\;z g~k;

vdg;gLk;. ,e;j mgu g~j;jpy; fah r;uhj;jk; Nghd;w

gpj;Uf;fspd; j;Ug;jpf;fhfr; nra;ag;gLk; fhk;a fh;khf;fs;

nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. k`hsa g~k;> m\;lfh> me;t\;lfh

Nghd;w epj;a-epkpj;j fu;khf;fSk; mgug~q;fspNyNa

nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

8. g;uhrPdhtPjpeh

gpj;Uf;fSf;fhd epkpj;j> iekpj;jpf kw;Wk; fhk;a fh;kq;fs;

ahTk; tyJ Njhspy; a[;NQhgtPjk; ,Uf;Fk;gbahf

g;uhrPdhtPjpapNyNa nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.

9. g;u]t;ak;

gpj;U fh;khf;fs; g;u]t;akhf tlf;fpy; Muk;gpj;Jj;

njw;fpy; KbgitahfTk;> tyJ GwkpUe;J ,lJGwk;

Nehf;fpajhfTk; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.

10. j~pzNjhgth;f:

gpj;U fh;khf;fspy; ghp];juzq;fs; Nghd;w ahTk;

njd;jpiria Nehf;fpajhf mikf;fNtz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf

r;uhj;jj;jpy; ‘mf;epk; mg;uj~pzk; ghp];jPh;a" vd;W

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

11. epkpj;jhNt~hzp iekpj;jpfhdp

xU fhuzj;ijf; nfhz;L xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy;

nra;ag;gLgit iekpj;jpf fh;khf;fs;. cjhuzkhf re;j;u


22

f;u`zk;> #u;a f;u`zk; Nghd;wtw;iwr; nrhy;yyhk;.

tPl;Lr; Rtu;fspy; Kisj;Js;s nrbfs;> Kisfisf;

fistjw;F> cj;juhazj;ij vjpu;ghu;f;fj; Njitapy;iy

clNd me;jf; fhhpaq;fisr; nra;ayhk;.

“AagaarsqaUNaaivaraohNao’’ f;U`g;uNtr fu;khit rpy gz;bju;fs;

iekpj;jpf fu;kh vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;.

12. mf;epkpj;th g;uhff;iuh;jh;iguf;epk; ghp];j;Uzhjp

mf;epapy; xU ]kpj;ijr; Nrh;j;J mf;epia [;typf;fr;

nra;aTk;. mf;epiar; Rw;wp ehd;F Gwj;jpYk; jh;gq;fisr;

Nrh;f;fNtz;Lk;. jh;gq;fspd; Edpfs; fpof;ifAk;> tlf;ifAk;

Nehf;fpaitfshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

mf;ep]e;jhdk; nra;tjw;F Kd; me;j ,lj;jpy;

gtpj;jpu tpuy;fshy; gpbf;fg;gl;l kuj;Jz;bdhy; my;yJ

jh;gj;jpdhy; njd;Gwj;jpy; Muk;gpj;J fpof;F Kfkha; %d;W

NfhLfisAk;> Nky;Gwk; Muk;gpj;J tlf;F Kfkha; %d;W

NfhLfisAk; fpopj;J me;j (NfhL fpopf;fg;gl;l) ,lj;jpy;

Nkw;gb kuj;Jz;il itj;J [yj;jpdhy; g;Nuh~zk;

nra;J njd;Nkw;fpy; vwpe;Jtpl;L> [yj;ijj; njhl;Ltpl;L

mf;epiar; Nrh;j;J ahfj;Jf;F crpjkhd tpuFfshy;

[;typf;fr; nra;aNtZk;. 6

Fwpg;G:- (paakxya&a pairBaaYaa:) ghf a[;Qk; gw;wp tpsf;fk;

,q;F mtrpakhfpwJ: [;tydk; nra;ar; nrhy;yg;gl;l

mf;dp ve;j tifiar; Nrh;e ;jJ vd;gJ gw;wpa

mgpg;uhaj;jpy; khWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ. [hjfh;khtpypUe;Nj

mf;dpia ghp`hpj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;W rpyUk;>

cgeadk; Kjy; vd;W rpyUk; mgpg;uhag;gLfpwhu;fs;.

g;u`;kru;a t;ujk; Kbe;J ]khth;j;jdj;jpypUe;J vd;W

rpyu; kjk;. Mdhy; ah[;Qty;f;ah; (gpd;tUkhW) njspthfr;

6 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; -17


23

nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;. ‘‘kxma_ smaata_M ivavaahagnaaO kuxvaI_ta pàtyahM gaRhI’’ 7 vd;gjdhy;

(tpth`j;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;) xsgh]d mf;epiaj;jhd;

gad;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. ,e;j mf;dpapy;jhd; f;U`];jd;

jpde;NjhWk;> ];khh;j;j fh;khf;fisr; nra;aNtz;Lk; ,jdhy;

,J ];khu;j;j mf;dp vd;Wk; ngau;ngWk;. ghfa[;Qk;

kw;Wk; ]Pke;jk; Kjypa ];khh;j;j fh;khf;fis 8 ,t;tpjkhfr;

nra;aNtz;Lk;. ‘‘AignaimaQvaa’’ vd ]_j;uj;jpy; cs;sjw;F mf;ep

[;typj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> mjpy; ]kpj;Jfisr; Nrh;j;J

mij NkYk; [;typf;fr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gJ nghUs;.

jhdpkuk;> nfhd;id> gUj;jp> myhp> Gq;if> Gsp>

Ntk;G> fUq;fhyp jtpu Ks;Ss;s kuq;fis (Rs;spahf)

cgNahfpf;ff; $lhJ. mf;epia thapdhy; my;yJ

tprpwp KjyhdJfspdhYk; Cjf;$lhJ. CJFOy;

my;yJ Gy;iyahtJ> tpwFj; Jz;ilahtJ eLtpNy

itj;Jf;nfhz;L thapdhy; Cjyhk;. 9

13. g;uhFjjf;iuh;th

ghp];juzq;fs; fpof;F Edpfshf Nrh;f;f ,ayhj

,lq;fspy; tlf;F EdpfshfTk; Nrh;f;fyhk;. ,g;gb

mf;epia [;typg;gpj;Jr; Nrh;j;J mNth~zk; nra;J>

kpr;rkhd [yj;ij fpof;fpyhtJ tlf;fpyhtJ nfhl;btpl;L>

fPo;g;Gwkha; NtW ghj;jpuj;jpy; [yj;ij itj;J>

fPo;g;gf;fj;jpYk; Nky;gf;fj;jpYk; tlf;F EdpfshfTk;>

kw;wg;gf;fq;fspy; fpof;F EdpfshfTk;> jh;gq;fspdhy; fpof;F

Kjy; g;uj~pzkhfg; gug;gp> njd;GwkhAs;s jh;gq;fis

cau;thfTk;> tlGwkhAs;sij jho;thfTk; nra;aNtz;Lk;

vd;W Nghjhadh; nrhy;fpwhh;. 10 njd;GwKs;sij NkyhfTk;>

7 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; -12

8 40 ]k;];fhuq;fs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; ];khh;j;j fh;khf;fspd; gl;bay; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

9 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; -18

10 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; -20


24

tlGwKs;sij fPohfTk; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W ghuj;th[h;

nrhy;Yfpwhh;.

14. j~pzhf;iu: gpj;h;Na\{

“ipa~yaoYau maaisaEàaÔaidYau ...” 11 gpj;U fh;khf;fspy; mf;epf;F fpof;fpYk;

Nkw;fpYk; jh;gq;fspd; Edpfs; njw;F Nehf;fpAk;> mf;epf;F

tlf;fpYk;> njw;fpYk; ju;gq;fspd; Edpfs; fpof;F

Nehf;fpajhfTk; Nru;j;J gup];juzk; mikf;fNtz;Lk;.

15. j~pzh g;uhff;iuh;th

njw;F Nehf;fp mikf;f tha;g;gpy;yhj ,lq;fspy; fpof;F

EdpfshfTk; mikf;fyhk;.

r;uhj;jk; Kjypa gpj;U fh;khf;fs; nra;Ak;NghJ> mf;epf;F

,lJ kw;Wk; tyJGWk; Nrh;f;Fk; ghp];juzq;fs; fpof;F

EdpfshfTk;> mf;epf;F fpof;F kw;Wk; Nkw;fpy; Nrh;f;fg;gLk;

ghp];juz jh;gq;fs; njw;F EdpfshfTk; Nrh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

16. cj;jNuzhf;epk; jh;ghe; ]k;];j;hPh;a j;tk;j;tk;

e;aQ;[p ghj;uhzp g;uAef;jp Njt]k;Af;jhep.

mf;epf;F tlf;fpy;-ghp];juz jh;gq;fSf;Fk; rw;W tlf;fpy;

rpy jh;gq;fis fpof;F Edpfshfg; gug;gp> mjd;Nky;

‘g;ujhd jh;tP> M[;a ];jhyP> g;Nuh~zP> g;uzPjp>

,j;kk;> `tp\;ghj;uk;> `tp\;aghj;uk;" 12 vd;w Kiwapy;>

xd;wd;Nky; xd;whf mjhtJ ,uz;buz;L ghj;jpuq;fshf

ftpo;j;J itj;J ghj;u ]hjdk; nra;tJ Njth;fSf;F

g;hPjpfukhdJ.

mf;epf ;F tlGwkha; ghp];juzj;jpd; ]kPgj;jpy;

fpof;F Edpahf gd;dpuz;L jh;gq;fisg; gug;gp mjpy;

1.Gurpiy> 2.nea; ghj;jpuk;> 3.g;Nuh~z ghj;uk; 4.g;uzPjp

ghj;uk; ,itfis Nkw;fpy; Muk;gpj;J itj;J fpof;fpy;

11 Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up - gf;fk; - 14

12 rJ\; ghj;u tpjp> \l;ghj;u tpjp vd fu;khTf;Fj; jf;fgb NtWgLk;.


25

Kbf;fNtz;Lk;. 13 GuR my;yJ fUq;fhypapy; %d;W

xl;ilAs;s (fpl;lj;jl;l 21 mq;Fyq;fs;) ghpjpapy;

%d;Wk;> xU xl;il ePskhd ]kpj;jpy; gjpide;Jk;>

Mfhu ]kpj;jpy; ,uz;Lk; jh;gj;jpdhy; fl;b cgjh;tpNahL

,j;kj;ij itf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j tpjkhfg; ghj;jpuq;fis

Nkw;nrhd;d ,lj;jpy; tlf;F KbthfTk; ,ul;ilfshfTk;

jiy fPohfTk; itf;fNtz;Lk;. kD\;ahjp ghj;jpuq;fis

(KQ;rp> khd;Njhy;) Kjypaitfis Njt ghj;jpuj;jpw;F

tlGwkha; mitfNshL $lNt itf;fNtz;baJ.

,t;thwhf Ntjj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

17. ]f;UNjt kE\;a ]k;Af;jhdp

kdpjh;fSf;Fhpa (KQ;rp> khd;Njhy; Nghd;w) tp\aq;fs;

midj;ijAk; xt;nthd;whf itf;fNtz;Lk;.

18. Viffr: gpj;U]k;Af;jhdp

gpj;U fh;khf;fspy; ghj;jpuq;fs; jdpj;jdpahf ]hjdk;

nra;J itf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

19. ghj;uNah];]k;];fhu: Mahkj: ghpkhzk; g;Nuh~zp

]k;];fhu: ghj;u g;Nuh~zk; ,jp jh;rG+h;zkh]

tj;J}\;zPk;.

ghj;jpuq;fs; ]k;];fhuk; (Rj;jp) nra;Ak;NghJ> ke;jpuk;

vJTkpd;wp> jh;r G+h;zkh] fh;khtpy; $wg;gl;lJNghy>

,uz;L jh;gq;fshy; Md Mahkjk; nfhz;L> g;Nuh~zp

[yj;ij ]k;];fhpj;J> g;Nuh~zq;fisr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

‘Gy;iyahtJ Fr;rpiaahtJ eLtpy; itj;J> efk;

jtpu NtW fj;jp Nghd;w fUtpahy;" 14 ,uz;L jh;gq;fis

Jz;bj;J> [yj;ijj; njhl;L> mb Kjy; Edptiuapy;

Jilj;J> rhpahd msTs;sJk; Edp cs;sJkhd xl;il

ePsKs;s (20 nr.kP. ePsk;) ,uz;L jh;gq;fisg; gtpj;ukhfr;

13 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; -21

14 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; 22>23


26

nra;J> mf;epf;F Nkw;Nf g;Nuh~zP ghj;uj;ij itj;J>

mjpy; ,e;j gtpj;uj;ij tlf;F Edpahf itj;J> [yj;ijr;

Nrh;j;J fpof;F Nehf;fpAk;> fpof;F EdpahapUf;fpw

iffSila fl;iltpuy; kw;Wk; gtpj;u tpuy;fshy;> Nkw;gb

gtpj;uj;ij mbapYk; EdpapYk; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L> [yj;ij

%d;Wjuk; fpof;fpy; efu;j;jp> ]hjdk; gz;zp itj;Js;s

ghj;jpuq;fis epkph;j;jp itj;J> ,j;kj;ijAk; fl;ltpo;j;J>

me;j [yj;jpdhy; vy;yh ghj;jpuq;fisAk; %d;Wjuk;

g;Nuh~zk; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

20. mgNuzhf;epk; gtpj;uhe;jh;`pNj ....... g;ur;rhj;a.

21. g;uh`;kzk; j~pzNjh jh;Ng\{ ep\hj;a.

‘kw;nwhU ghj;jpuj;ij mf;epf;F Nkw;Nf itj;J

Kd;NghyNt jPu;j;jk; tpl;L> fpof;F Nehf;fp [yj;ij

efu;j;jp> me;jg; ghj;jpuj;ij %f;Ftiuapy; J}f;fp

mf;epf;Fk;> gup];juzq;fSf;Fk; tlf;Fg; gf;fk;> fpof;F

Edpahfg; gug;gg;gl;l jh;gq;fspy; itj;J> mjd; Nky; rpy

jh;gq;fspdhy; %b itf;fNtz;Lk;." 15 xU g;uh`;kziu

njd;gf;fj;jpy; jh;gj;jpy; cl;fhh;j;jp itf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j

g;uh`;kzUf;F tuzk; Kjypait fpilahJ.

‘jhj;gh;a jh;rdfhuhpd;" 16 kj mE]hug;gb [yj;Jld;

$ba g;uzPjp ghj;jpuj;ij> Kfk;> %f;F tiu J}f;fp>

mf;dpf;F tlf;fpy; cs;s jh;gq;fs; kPJ itj;J> jh;gq;fshy;

%lNtz;Lk;. AparoNaaignaM vd;gjhy; ,d;ndhU ghj;uk; vd;W

nfhs;sf;$lhJ. Vnddpy; ]_j;uj;jpy; kWgbAk; {$aroNaaignaM

vd;fpw g;uNahfk; cs;sJ vdNt ‘mgNu" vd;fpw rg;jk;

,q;Nf Nkw;F jpiriaf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

,e;j ]_j;uj;jpy; mf;dpapd; njw;Fg; gf;fk; xU

g;uhk;kziu cl;fhu itf;Fk;gb tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

15 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; 23

16 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk; rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; 14


27

‘jh;rG+h;zkh]j;jpy; njw;fpy; mku;j;Jk; g;uhk;kzd; g;u`;kh

vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwhd;" 17> ,q;F g;uhk;kzd; vd;W kl;LNk

cs;sJ. ,jdhy; g;u`;khtpd; jh;kq;fs; ,tUf;F tuhJ.

22. M[;ak;tpyhg;ahgNuzhf;epk; .... ..... mEg;u`;Uj;a.

‘mf;epf;F Nkw;fpy; nea;ghj;jpuj;jpd; Nky; Mahkjg;

gtpj;jpuj;ij tlf;F Edpahf itj;J> cUf;fpa nea;iar;

Nru;j;J> mf;epapd; tlf;Fg; gf;fj;jpypUe;J jzy; vLj;J>

gup];juzj;Jf;F ntspapy; itj;J> mjd; kPJ nea; ghj;uj;ij

itj;J> vhpfpw jh;gj;ijf;nfhz;Nlh> rpwpa jzyhNyh

nea;ia g;ufhrk; nra;J me;j jh;gj;ij vwpe;Jtpl;L> ,uz;L

jh;gq;fspd; Edpfis efk; jtpu NtW fj;jp Nghd;w

fUtpapdhy; Jz;bj;J> [yj;jpy; myk;gp (my;yJ [yj;ijj;

njhl;L) me;j Edpfis nea; ghj;uj;jpy; xNu jlitahfg;

Nghl;L> me;j mf;epapypUe;J rpW mf;dp Jz;bdhyhtJ>

nfhSj;jg;gl;l ,uz;L jh;gq;fspdhyhtJ nea;g;ghj;jpuj;ij

g;uj~pzkhf %d;Wjuk; Rw;wp mij (tlGwk;) vwpe;JtplTk;". 18

ghp];juzj;jpw;F ntspapy; M[;a ]k;];fhuj;jpw;fhff; vLj;J

itf;fg;gl;l mf;epapypUe;J nfhSj;jg;gl;bUe;jhy; me;j

jh;gq;fis me;j mf;epapNyNa NghlNtz;Lk;. mij ntspapy;

Nghlf;$lhJ. %yhf;epapy; NghLk;gb tpjpapUg;gjdhy; Nkw;gb

mf;epahdJ nysfpfky;y. me;j nea;ghj;jpuj;ij tlGwkha;

vLj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L Nkw;gb jzy;fis %yhf;epapy;

Nghl;Ltpl;L nea;ghj;jpuj;ij jdf;F Kd;Gwj;jpy; itj;J

Kd;GNghy; gtpj;uq;fspdhy; fpof;fpypUe;J Nky;Gwkhfj;

J}f;fhky; nfhz;LNgha; fpof;fpy; Kbf;fpwJ. ,g;gbNa

,d;Dk; ,uz;L jlitfs; nra;J gtpj;jpuj;jpd; Kbr;ir

mtpo;j;J [yj;ijj; njhl;L mf;epapy; Nghl;LtplNtz;Lk;.

17 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk; rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; 15

18 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 24


28

2tJ fz;lk;

1. Nae [{N`hjp jjf;nes g;ujpjg;a .... g;u`ujp.

‘r;Uf;-r;Utk; my;yJ ju;tp vd vjdhy; N`hkk;

nra;ag;gl cs;sNjh mjid mf;epapy; fha;r ;rp>

jh;gq;fspdhy; Jilj;J> kPz;Lk; fha;r;rp> g;Nuh~pj;J

fPNoitj;J me;j jh;gq;fis [yj;jpy; njhl;L mf;epapy;

NghlNtz;Lk;". 19

(dSa_pa UNa _maasayaa o: sammaaja _na o ...) 20 jh ;r G+h ;zkh]k; vDk;

fu;khtpYk; fha;r;Rjy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. „M`tePahf;ep

kw;Wk; fhh;`gj;ahf;ep… 21 vd ,Utif mf;epfs;

cs;sd vd;gij Fwpf;f mf;nes vd;w j;tptrd

rg;jk; g;uNahfj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghf a[;QKk;

jh;tpapdhNyNa nra;ag;gLfpwJ. N`hkk; nra;tjw;fhf

xd;Wk;> xU Kiwf;F Nky; nea; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cjTtjw;fhf xd;Wk; vd ,U

ju;tpfspd; gad;ghL nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thW ,U

,iyfs; nfhz;L N`hkk; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ> ‘‘maQyamaonaantamaona

palaaSapaNao_na’’ vd;w ]_j;u tpjpia mErupj;J mitfisAk;

Jilj;jy;> fha;r;Rjy; Nghd;w ]k;];fhuq;fisr; nra;J

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. [hjfu;khtpy; gyp`uz N`hkj;jpYk;>

tpth`j;jpy; nghup N`hkj;jpYk; iffshy; N`hkk;

nra;ag;gLfpd;wd> mJNghd;W iffshy; N`hkk;

nra;ag;gLk;NghJ> iffSf;Fk; ,e;j tpjpapd;gb ]k;];fhuk;

nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.

19 ‘r;Uf;-r;Utk;" N`hkk; nra;a cjTk; kuf;fuz;bfs;> ‘ju;tp"-,iy.

20 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk; -rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" gf;fk; - 22

21 fhh;`gj;ahf;ep vd;gJ xsgh]e mf;ep (itjpf mf;ep)> M`tePahf;ep vd;gJ epj;a xsgh]ehjp

fh;khf;fis ,iltplhJ nra;J tUgthpd; mf;ep.


29

2. ]k;ah: ghpj;ah;j;Nj ...... g;uhar;rpj;Nj\{.

‘nrssk;> cgeadk;> ]khth;jdk;> tpth`k;> ]Pke;jk;>

Nfhjhdk; kw;Wk; g;uhar;rpj;j fh;khf;fspd;" Muk;gj;jpy;

mf;dpf;F njw;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F Mfpa %d;W gf;fKk;

itf;fg;gLk; ]kpj;Jf;fSf;F ‘rkP" vd;W ngau;.

“ivavaaho ca =dya saMsagaa_qao_ sava_~a samyaa:” 22 ghpjp ];jhdj;jpy; ]kpj;Jfs;

itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tpth`q;fspy; ,U kdq;fspd;

xw;Wikia Fwpf;f ‘rkP" g;uNahfk; (];jhyPghfk; jtpu)

vy;yhtplj;jpYk; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;fpwhu;

`ujj;ju;. kw;w fh;khf;fspYk; ghh;tz fh;khf;fspYk;>

Gk;]tdj;jpYk; ghpjpg;uNahfk; cz;L.

ghpjpfis vLj;J ghp];juzj;jpd;Nky; mf;dpf;F Nkw;fpy;

jbkdhd xd;iw tlf;F Edpahf ,l;L> mijf;fhl;bYk;

nkype;j ePskhd xd;iw mf;epf;F njd;Gwk; fpof;F

Edpahf itf;fTk;. kw;nwhU nky;ypa Fl;ilahd gupjp

xd;iw mf;epf;F tlf;Nf itf;fTk;. ghpjpfs; ehd;F

%iyapYk; xd;iw xd;W njhLk;gbahf itf;fTk;.

,U (Mfhu) ]kpj;Jfis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> eL ghpjpia

tyJ ifapdhy; njhl;Ltpl;L> mf;epf;F njd;fpof;fpy;

xd;iwAk;> tlfpof;fpy; xd;iwAk; epw;Fk;gbahf itf;Tk;.

ghp];juzj;jpw;Fk; gupjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; ghpN\rd [yk;

tpoNtz;Lk;. mEah[ ]kpj; tpjpapUe;jhy; kl;Lk;> xU

]kpj;ij vLj;J mf;epf;F tlf;Nf itf;fNtz;Lk;. 23

(eilKiwapy; 21 ]kpj;Jfspy; xd;iw tlf;fpy;

itj;J> ,Wjpapy; mf;ep cg];jhdj;jpd;NghJ mf;epapy;

Nru;f;fg;gLfpwJ).

22 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" gf;fk; -23

23 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" gf;fk; - 26


30

3. mf;epk;ghp\pQ;rj;ajpNj......... g;u]Ntjp ]ke;jk;.

,lJ ifapdhy; ghj;jpuj;ijj; njhl;Lf;nfhz;L>

tyJifapdhy; ‘mjpNjmEke;a];t" vd;W nrhy;yp

njd;Gwj;jpy; fpof;F KbthfTk;> Nky;Gwj;jpy; ‘mEkNj

mEke;a];t" vd;W tlf;F KbthfTk;> tlGwj;jpy;

‘]u];tNj mEke;a];t" vd;W fpof;F KbthfTk;

‘Njt]tpj:g;u]{t" vd;W fpof;fpy; Muk;gpj;J mf;epiar;

Rw;wpAk; ghpN\rdk; nra;aNtz;Lk;. 24

ghpN\rdk; Kjypajpy; mf;epapy; [yk; njspj;jhy;

‘Ge];j;th Mjpj;ah:" vd;W mf;epia [;typg;gpj;J

‘G+h;Gt];]{t];th`h" vd;W ]h;t g;uhar;rpj;j N`hkk;

nra;aNtZk;. 25

“Aignamaovaaodkoxna pairiYaÉcaita” mf;epia kl;LNk [yj;jhy;

ghpN\rdk; gz;zNtz;Lk;. 26 (mjhtJ ghpN\rd [yk;

ghpjpapNyh> ghpjpf;F ntspapNyh nry;yf;$lhJ vd;gJ

nghUs;).

4. igj;UNf\{ ]ke;jNkt J}\;zPk;.

gpj;U fh;khf;fspy; ke;jpukpd;wp> mf;dpf;Fj; njd;Nkw;F

%iyapy; Muk;gpj;J mg;uj~pzkhf mjhtJ tykpUe;J

,lkhf ehd;F gf;fq;fspYk; [yk; tpOk;gb Rw;wp

ghpN\rdk; gz;zNtz;Lk;.

5. ,j;kkhjhah .... .... J}\;;zPk;.

“paÉcadSasaÈ\Kyaa” 27 15 ]kpj;Jfisf; nfhz;l fl;Lf;F

„,j;kk;… vd;W ngah;. ,j;kk; vd;W Vf trdj;jpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sikahy;> midj;ijAk; xd;whf mf;epapy;

24 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 26

25 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; -27

26 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk; -rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" - gf;fk; - 24

27 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a]_j;uk; -rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" - gf;fk; 17>18


31

Nru;f;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJ tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. J}\;zPk; vd;w

gjj;jpdhy; ke;j;ukpy;yhky; vd;gJ czu;j;jg;gLfpwJ.

gpwF nea;apdhy; eidf;fg;gl;l ,j;kj;ij> tyJ

ifapdhy; vLj;J> ke;j;ukpy;yhky; mf;epapy; (fpof;F

Nkw;fhfg;) Nghl;L> g;ujhd jh;tpapdhy; nea;ia vLj;J

[;typf;fpw mf;epapy; tlNkw;fpYs;s ghpjpfs; NrUk;

,lj;jpypUe;J> njd;fpof;fpy; gupjpfs; NrUk; ,lk;

tiuapYk; (FWf;fhf) nea;tpl;L> ‘g;u[hgjNa ,jk; ekk“

vd;Wk;> njd;Nkw;F ghpjpapd; Nrh;f;if Kjy; tlfpof;F

ghpjp Nru;f;iftiu ,ju ju;tpapdhy; nea; tpl;L ‘,e;j;uha

,jk; ekk" vd;Wk; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. 28

6. mjM[;aghnfs ... ..... ]kk; G+h;Ntz.

mLj;J M[;aghfk; vDk; ,uz;L N`hkq;fs;

gz;zNtz;Lk;.

‘mf;eNa ];th`h" vd;W tlfpof;Fg; gFjpapYk;;>

‘N]hkha];th`h" vd;W njd;fpof;Fg; gFjpapYk;

M[;aghfk; vd;w N`hkq;fisr; nra;aNtZk;. 29

rUfh;khtpYk;> cghfh;kh> t;ujq;fspYk; Mfhu N`hkq;fs;

fye;jhy; ‘mf;eNa ];th`h" vd;fpw Kfh`{jpiaAk;

nra;aNtz;Lk;. ]Pke;jk; f;U`g;uNtrq;fspy; Kfh`{jp

fpilahJ. ,e;j Ie;J fh;kq;fspy; ghpjpfs;. tpth`hjpfshd

VopYk; ]k;iafs;. 30 (tpth`k;> cgeadk;> ]khth;jek;>

]Pke;jk;> nrssk;> Nfhjhek;> g;uhar;rpj;jk; - ,it VopYk;

]k;ia.)

28 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 27

29 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 27> 28

30 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 28


32

7. aNjhgNjrk; g;ujheh`{jph; `{j;th.... ..... ];thN`jp.

“yaismana\ yaisaimana\ kxma_iNa yaa: pa`Qaanaahutaya: [tyaupaidSyantao ...” 31 ve;nje;j

fu;khf;fSf;F vit vit g;ujhd M`_jpfshfr;

nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdNth mtw;iwr; nra;J> cj;juhq;fkhf

„[ahjp N`hkq;fs;> ];tp\;lf;Uj; N`hkk;> g;uhar;rpj;j

M`{jpfs;… 32 vd vit tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdNth mtw;iwAk;

nra;aNtz;Lk;.

8. G+h;ttj; ghpN\rdk; .... .... ke;j;u]e;ehk:.

“Aigna pairYa ocana M pa Uva _vata \” 33 - Muk;gj ;jpy ; gupN\rdk;

nra;jJNghy kPz;Lk; mf;dpiar; Rw;wp ghpN\rdk;> Mdhy;

ke;j;uj;jpy; rpwpa khWjy;. ‘mEke;a];t" vd;gjw;F gjpy;

‘me;tkq;];jh:" vd;Wk;> ‘g;u]{t" vd;gJ ‘g;uh]htP:"

vd;Wk; ke;jpuk; khWk;. mjpjp mEf;u`k; nra;jhh;> ]tpjh

vd;idj; J}z;bdhh; vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;.

9. nysfPfhf;epk; ghfa[;Q rg;j:.

“AaOpaasana haomaadInaaM paakxya&aSabd:” 34 xsgh]d N`hkk; Kjypa

jpdrup eilKiw ]k;ge;jkhd fh;khf;fSld; njhlh;GilaJ

vd;gij ‘ghf a[;Qk;" vd;w rg;jk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

10. jj;u g;uh`;kzhNtN~h tpjp:. 11. j;tph; [{N`hjp

“ta~a taoYau paakxya&aoYau maQyao paava_NaaidYau paÉcasau bàaHmaNaavaoXaao ivaiQaBa_vaita| ... taona car]Naa

pàQaanaahuitaisvaYTkRxtpàaSanaBaXaNaooBya: ...” 35 ,q;Nf ghfa[;Qq;fspd; ,ilapy;

ghu;tzq;fshd Ie;Jtpjkhd g;uh`;kzh;fSf;fhd tpjpfs;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,uz;L N`hkk;> [yj;jpdhy; ,UKiw

ifiaj; Jilg;gJ> ,U Kiw rhg;gpLtJ> ntspNa

31 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk; -rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; -29

32 ‘nghJthf mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;bait" - gpw;Nru;f;ifapy; jdpahf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

33 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; 32

34 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up t;ah" - gf;fk; 33

35 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;jp t;ah" - gf;fk; - 35> 36


33

nrd;W Mrkdk; nra;tJ> NkYk; ];Utj;ij Ritg;gJ

Kjypait nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. ,itfSf;Fj; Njitahd

msTf;Fr; rUit xU ,iyapy; epug;gp mf;dpapd; tlGwk;

gup];juzq;fSf;F ntspapy; itf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. gpd;du;

tpjpg;gb midj;J g;ujhd N`hkq;fisAk; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G:- f;U`;a ]_j;uj;jpd; mLj;j ]_j;uj;ijj;

njhlu;tjw;F Kd;ghf> ,q;F N`hkk; / a[;Qq;fspd;

,Wjpg;gFjp vt;thW mikaNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhd tpjpfis

mwpjy; mtrpakhfpwJ.

¤rU fUkq;fspy; jh;tpapy;; nea;apdhy;> gug;gg;gl;l

tupirapy ; gh pj pfis eidj;J> Nygfhh ;aj ;ijr ;

nra;aNtZk;. ghj;u ]hjehh;j;jkhd jh;gq;fis vLj;J

jh;tpapy; EdpiaAk;> ,jujh;tpapy; ju;gq;fspd; eLitAk;>

M[;aghj;uj;jpy; (mbiaAk;) %yj;ijAk; ,g;gb tlf;F

Kbthf ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W jlitfs; nea;apy;

eidj;J mitfspy; xd;iw vLj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L>

tyJif Nkyhf ,Uf;Fk;gb iffspdhy; mitfis

jh;tpapy; itj;J> ,lJifia tpl;Ltpl;L> FWf;fhf

,lJifia itj;Jf;nfhz;L Edpiaf; nfhSj;jp

mf;epapy; Nghl;L> kpr;rj;ijAk; eLtpy; nfhSj;jp

eLtpy;Nghl;L> filrpahdijf; nfhSj;jp mf;epapy; Nghl;L>

itf;fg;gl;bUe;j xU jh;gj;ijAk; mf;epapy; Nghl;L

ke;j;ukpy;yhky; fl;iltpuypdhy; %d;Wjlit mf;epiar;

Rl;bf;fhl;b> mf;epia j;ahek; nra;J tyJifapdhy;

G+kpiaj; njhl;L eLthd ghpjpia mf;epapy; Nrh;j;J>

kw;w ,uz;L ghpjpfis iffspdhy; vLj;J xNu fhyj;jpy;

mf;epapy; Nghl;L tlf;F gf;fj;jpy; cs;sjpd; Edpia

neUg;gpy; nrhUfNtz;Lk;.¥ 36

36 ‘fz;lG+\zk;" - gf;fk; - 28


34

¤Mfhu ]kpj;Jfs; ghpjp ,y;yhikahYk;> ]k;iaAk;

,y;yhikahYk; mtw;iw vLj;J vwptNjh> mf;epapy;

NghLtNjh $lhJ. tyJ ifapdhy; g;ujhe jh;tpiaAk;>

,lJ ifapdhy; NtW jh;tpiaAk; vLj;J> ,uz;L

jh;tpfspdhYk; nea;ia vLj;J g;ujhe jh;tpapy; cgjh;tpapd;

Edpiar; Nrh;j;J ke;jpukpy;yhky; ]k;];uht N`hkj;ijr;

nra;aNtz;Lk;. M[;a N`hkq;fspy; ];tp\;lf;Uj;

N`hkj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ]k;iafis vwpe;Jtpl;L g;uhar;rpj;j

N`hkq;fisr; nra;aNtz;baJ. gpwF cgjh;tpiaf; fPNo

itj;J t;ah`;Ujp N`hkk; nra;J> ‘meh[;Qhj" vd;fpw

%d;iwAk;> ‘j;te;Neh"> ‘]j;te;Neh" vd;fpw ,uz;ilAk;>

t;ah`;Ujpfisg; gphpj;Jk;> Nrh;j;Jk; N`hkk; nra;J

tp\;zNt ];th`h vd;W G+h;zh`{jpiaAk; nra;J

Kd;Nghy; mf;epia ghpN\rek; nra;aNtz;baJ. ke;jpuj;jpy;

‘me;tkq;];jh: - g;uh]htP:" vd;W khWjYz;L.

t ;ah`;Ujpfs; > meh[;Qhj j ;iuak; > j ;te ;Neh>

]j;te;Neh M`{jpfs; kw;Wk; g;uhzhahkk; ,itjhd;

f;U`;a fh;kq;fspy; g;uhar;rpj;jh`{jpfs;.

gpwF g;uzPjp ghj;uj;ij jd;Kd;Nd itj;J> mjpy;

NtW ghj;jpuj;jpdhy; [yj;ijr; Nrh;j;J> me;j [yj;ij

fpof;F Kjy; g;uj~pzkhf ntspapy; Nghfr; nra;J>

cauTk; J}f;fptpl;L nfhQ;rk; G+kpapYk; Nrh;j;J mjdhy;

jd;id g;Nuh~pj;Jf;nfhz;L> njd;Gwj;jpy; cl;fhur; nra;j

g;uh`;kzid G+[pf;fNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg ;G: - g ;u`;ktuzk; ,y;yhj fh ;khf ;fspYk;>

xU g;uh`;kziu me;j ];jhdj;jpy; mku itj;J>

,Wjpapy; mtiu j~piz> jhk;G+yk; Kjypatw;why;

nfsutpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W njhpfpwJ.

‘aj;ufr;r" vd;W cgf;ukpj;J (Muk;gpj;J) M[;aghf

gh;ae;jkhdJ Gu];jhj; je;j;uk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.


35

[ahjpahf ghpN\rd gh;ae;jKs;sit cghp\;lhj;je;j;uk;>

,e;j ,uz;Lf;Fk; eLtpy; nra;ag;gl;l N`hkq;fs; g;ujhe

N`hkq;fs; vd;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wd.

midj;Jtpjkhd fUkq;fspYk;

cy;Nyfdk; -- (NfhL) fPWfpwJ

mNth~zk; -- g;Nuh~pf;fpwJ

ghp];juzk; -- jh;gj;ijg;gug;GfpwJ

jh;tP]k;];fhu: -- jh;tpia Rj;jpfhpj;jy;

M[;a]k;];fhu: -- nea;ia Rj;jpfhpj;jy;

,it nra;aNtz;baJ.

tpNr\tpjpapdhy; nrhy;yg;glhjtiu> tyJifiaf;

nfhz;L fhhpaq;fisr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

fh;ghjhdk; Kjypait rhPu ]k;];fhuq;fs; Mifahy;

f;hpah gyk; (fu;kj;jpd; gyd;) gpwiu milAk; g~j;jpy;

‘gu];ik gj tprp\;lkha;" ]q;fy;gk; nra;aNtz;Lk;>

f;hpahgyk; jd;id mile;jhy; ‘Mj;kNegj tprp\;lkha;"

]q;fy;gpf;fNtz;Lk;. fh;khit tpjpf;fpw thf;aj;jpd;gbahtJ

gu];ik gjKk;> Mj;kNe gjKk; tUfpd;wd. cjh`uzk;:

‘ehkjh];aht:"> ‘FkhuKgNe\;Na".

]k];j fh;khuk;gq;fspYk; ];ehek; nra;jtdhAk;>

Rj;jdhfTk;> Gz;l;ujhuzk; nra;jtdhAk;> jiykapiuf;

fl;bf;nfhz;Lk;> ,uz;lhtJ t];j;uj;ij ,ilapy;

fl;batdhfTk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. fhy;fis myk;gp

,uz;Ljuk; Mrkdk; nra;J fpof;F Kfkha; jh;gq;fspy;

cl;fhh;e;J> gtpj;uk; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L g;uh`;kzh;fshy;

mDkjp nfhLf;fg;gl;ltdha;> %d;W g;uhzhahkq;fisr;

nra;J> „k`h ]q;fy;gk… 37 nra;J> epfo;j;jNtz;ba

fu;khTf;fhd ]q;fy;gj;ijr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.¥ 38

37 ‘nghJthf mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;bait" vd;w jiyg;gpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

38 fz;l G+\zk; - gf;fk; - 29


36

12. ]h;tNjh tpth`];a irrpnus khn]s

ghp`hg;Nahj;jkk; r iejhfk;.

12 khjq;fspy; rprpu UJitr; Nru;e;j khrp> gq;Fdp

Mfpa ,U khjq;fs;> kw;Wk; f;hP\;k UJitr; Nru;e;j

Mb khjk; jtpu kw;w vy;yh UJf;fisr; Nru;e;j vy;yh

khjq;fSk; tpth`j;jpw;F Vw;wit.

13. ]h;thzp Gz;Nahf;jhep e~j;uhzp.

“yaaina jyaaOitaYao pauNyaaoWtaaina naXa~aaiNa yaaina pauNyaaoWtaaina mauhUtaa_ina” 39 ve;nje;j

e~j;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ve;nje;j K`_u;j;jq;fs; [;nasjp\

rh];jpuj;jpy; Rgkhdit vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sdNth>

mit tpth`j;jpw;F Vw;wit.

14. jjh kq;fshdp.

“SaÈ\KadunduiBavaINaataUNavavaaid vaadnaaina, kuxlas~aIgaItaaina...” 40 rq;fk;> Je;Jgp>

tPiz Nghd;w kq;fs thj;aq;fSk;> Rkq;fypfspd; kq;fsg;

ghly;fSk; tpth`j;jpw;F NkYk; kq;fsq;fis cz;lhf;Fk;.

~tuk; nra;Jnfhs;sy;> ijy ];ehek;> Rj;j t];j;uk;>

eyq;fpLjy;> re;jdk; G+rpf;nfhs;Sjy;> rq;fk;> Je;Jgp>

tPiz Kjypa thj;aq;fs;> Fy];j;hPfspd; ghl;L> gy

tz;zKs;s mofhd Milfs;> Fil> nfhb gpbg;gJ

Kjypaitfs; rpy kq;fs fh;khf;fs; MFk;.

15. Mt;Ujr;rh ];j;hPg;a: g;ujPNaud;.

“yaqaa janapadM yaqaavaNa_M yaqaakuxlaM yaqaas~aIpauMsaM vyavaisqataa eva|” 41 ke;jpuq;fsw;w

nray;fSf;F ‘Mt;Uj:" vd;W ngah;. f;U`;a ]_j;uj;jhy;

tpjpf;fg;glhj rpy ke;jpukpy;yhj> Fy tof;fk;> Ch;

tof;fk; Nghd;w guk;giuahfr; nra;ag;gl;LtUk;

]k;g;ujha tp\aq;fspy; ngz;fspd; mgpg;uhaj;ijAk;

Nfl;L> Mz;> ngz; kw;Wk; midj;J tu;zj;jpdUf;Fk;

39 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" - gf;fk; - 37




37

kdj;jpUg;jpaspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;.

tpth`j;jpd;nghOJ mNef cs;@h; fhh;aq;fs;

ngz;fSf;F Vw;whw;Nghy; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. me;jf;

fhh;aq;fis ngz;fsplkpUe;J Nfl;Lj; njhpe;J nfhz;L

ChpNyh> Chpy; cs;s tPLfspNyh ghuk;gh;a Kiwg;gb

nra;aNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G:- cjhuzkhf ge;jy;fhy; K`_h;j;jk;> Rkq;fyp

g;uhh;j;jid> cSe;J cilj;jy;> Gj;Jf;F ghy;njspj;jy;>

gpbRw;Wjy;> Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

16. ,e;tfhgp: g;u];U[;ae;Nj Nj tuh: g;ujpee;jpjh:.

“yao vara: ... maUgaiSarisa pa`saUjyantao ... tao duihtaUmaid\Ba: pa`itanaindtaa:” 42 ,e;tfh

vDk; k;UfrPh;\ e~j;jpuj;jd;W ngz;iz tupf;fr;

(Nju;e;njLf;fr;) nry;Yk; tuu;fs;(khg;gps;isfs;)> khkdhu;

tPl;bYs;stu;fshy; ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

3tJ fz;lk;

1. kfhgph;fhNth f;U`;ae;Nj.

ngz;zpd; jfg;gdhu; my;yJ ghJfhtyUf;F ,U

gRf;fis jhdk; nra;tJ xU ]k;g;ujhak;. mg;gbr;

nra;Ak;NghJ kfk; e~j;jpuj;jd;W gRf;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ kuG.

‘‘ M MAaYa o _ d uihta Rmata o imaqa unaa O gaavaa O doyaa O’’ 43 vd ;W Mg];jk ;g

ju;k]_j;uj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. kfh e~j;jpuj;jd;W

gRf;fis thq;fpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gjhy; Mu;\

Kiwg;gb nra;ag;gLk; tpth`k; kfk; e~j;jpuj;jd;W

nra;ag;glNtz;Lk; vd;Wk;> vl;L tif tpth`q;fspy; 44>

kw;w g;uh`;k Kiw tpth`q;fSf;F ,J nghUe;jhJ

vd;Wk; mwpag;gLfpwJ.



44 ‘g;uh`;kk;>ijtk;>Mu;\k;>g;uh[hgj;ak;>M]{uk;>fhe;ju;tk;>uh~]k;>igrhrk;"


38

2. gy;FdPg;ahk; t;A+`;aNj.

cj ;j p uk ; Nghd ;w e~j ;j puq ;fs py ; kzg ;ngz;

jfg;gdhu; tPl;bypUe;J fztu; ,y;yj;jpw;F mioj;Jr;

nry;yg;glNtz;Lk;. 45 gilfs; tFf;fg;gLtJk; ,e;j

e~j;jpuj;jpy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

3. ahk; fhkaNj .... ... ... ... g;uh`;kzhNtN~h tpjp:.

inaYTËa vDk; ];thjp e~j;jpuj;jpy; xU ngz;iz

fd;dpfhjhdk; nra;JnfhLj;jhy;> me;jg; ngz; jd;

fztdplk; kpFe;j g;upaKs;stshf tpsq;Fths;> vdNt>

jd; ngz; jd;id kze;jtdplk; g;upakhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;

vd tpUk;Gfpw jfg;gd;> mtis ];thjp e~j;jpuj;jpy;

fd;dpfhjhdk; nra;JnfhLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;fpwJ ,e;j

]_j;uk;.

4.,e;tfh rg;Njh k;Ufrpu]p.

,d;tfh vd;gJ k;UfrPu;\ e~j;uj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

5. ep\;l;ah rg;j: ];thnjs.

ep\;l;ah vd;gJ ];thjp e~j;jpuj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

k;UfrPh;\j;jpw;fhd Ntjthf;ak;:

saaomaayasvaahamaRgaSaIYaa_yasvaaha| [nvakxaByassvaahaOYaQaIByasvaaha| 46

];thjpf;fhd Ntjthf;ak;: vaayauna_Xa~amaByaoitainaYTËama\| 47

6. tpthN` nfs:.

ngz; tPl;Lf;fhuh;fs; %ykhf tPl;bYk; xU gRkhL

Myk;gek; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Rjh;]dhrhh;ah; ,e;j ,lj;jpy;>

gRtpd; ]he;epj;ak; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ vd;fpwhh;.

7. f;UN` nfs:.

45 G+uk; - G+u;t gy;Fdp> cj;juk; - cj;ju gy;Fdp -gy;Fdp e~j;uq;fs;.

46 ‘ah[{\ ke;j;u uj;dhfuk;" - gf;fk; - 72

47 ‘ah[{\ ke;j;u uj;dhfuk;" - gf;fk; - 64


39

ngz; tPl;Lf;fhuh;fs; %ykhf tPl;bYk; xU gR

Myk;gek; nra;aNtz;Lk; vdj;njupfpwJ. tPl;bYk; xU

gRtpd; ]he;epj;aj;ijNa Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; ]{jh;rdhrhh;ah;.

8. jah tukjpjptjh;`Naj;.

kJgh;fj;jpdhy; mjpjp G+i[ nra;tJNghy Kjy;

gR %ykhf tuG+i[ nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. ]hq;f;ahad

]_j;ug;gb Kjy; gR %ykhf ngz;zpd; jfg;gdhh;

tuid tuNtw;fNtz;Lk;.

9. Nahm];ahgrpju];jkpjuah

tuDila khpahijf;Fhpa jfg;gdhiuNah my;yJ

Mrhh;ah;fisNah kJgh;fj;jpdhy; NtnwhU gRitf;nfhz;L

G+i[nra;aNtz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G:- tuDld; tuf;$batu;fshd mtdJ jfg;gdhh;

Kjypath;fs; G+[pf;fg;glNtz;batu;fs;. Mrhh;ad;> hpj;tp[d;>

khkdhh;> uh[h> tud; MfpNahh; kupahijf;F chpath;fs;.

tpth`j;jpy; mtDld; te;jth;fSf;fhfTk; mf;dpapy;

jdpj;jdp md;d ]k;];fhuq;fs; cs;sd. 48

10. Vjhtj;Nfhuh.... ..... gpjNuh tpth`r;r.

gRtpd; Myk;gek; nra;ag;glNtz;ba re;ju;g;gq;fshf>

mjpjpapd; tUif> m\;lfhr;uhj;jk;> tpth`k; ,it

nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. 49 NtW fh;khf;fspy; fpilahJ.

Fwpg;G:-,q;F ‘mjpjp:" vd;gJ Ntj mj;aadk;

nra;j g;uh`;kzidAk; ‘gpju:" vd;gJ m\;lif

Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Fwpf;Fk; vd;gjhy;

40

11. ]{g;jhk; Ujjpk; ep\;f;uhe;jhk; tuNz ghpth;[Naj;.

“varoYau varNaaqa_ M pa`aptaoYau ...” 50 tud; tUk;nghOJ J}q;Fgts;>

mOfpwts;> tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa nrd;wts; Nghd;w

ngz;fis tud; kzk; nra;Jnfhs;tijj; jtpu;f;fNtz;Lk;

vd;gtw;iw ,e;j ]_j;uj;jpdhy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

‘ghp" vd;w rg;jk; xNu mbahf epuhfhpf;Fk;gb

typAWj;JfpwJ.

12. jj;jhk; ... .... .... th;\fhhPk; r th;[Naj;

jj;jhk; - NtnwhU tuDf;F epr;rapf;fg;gl;lts;‚ Fg;jhk;

- kw;wtu;fshy; guhkupf;fg;gLgts;‚ j;Nahjhk; - fz;fspy;

FiwghLilats;‚ U\ghk; - fhis Nghd;w ruPuk;

my;yJ eilia cilats;‚ rughk; - uj;jNrhifahy;

gPbf;fg;gl;lts;> mofw;wtSk; ePyepw Nuhkq;fSk;

cilats;‚ tpejhk; - KJfpy; $dy; cilats;‚ tpflhk;:

njhil gUj;jts;;;> Kz;lhk; - jiyapy; tOf;if cs;sts;‚

kz;^\pfhk; - Fs;skhf my;yJ jtisNghd;w rUkj;ij

cilats;> ]hq;fhupfhk; - NtW Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jts;

my;yJ fu;gj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ je;ijia ,oe;jts;‚

uhjhk; - Nghfq;fspy; my;yJ tpisahl;Lfspy; kpFe;j

ejp> kuk; ,tw;iwg; ngauhff; nfhz;l

50 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" gf;fk; - 43

51 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" gf;fk; - 44


41

ngz;fisj; js;sNtz;Lk;. ngahpd; Kbtpy; ufhuk;>

yfhuk; te;jhy; me;jg; ngz;iz tplNtz;Lk;. 52

cjhuzk; - nfshP> khyh.

15. rf;jp tp\Na ... ... ... ];g;UNrjp. 16. eheh gP[hep

... ... ... 17. G+h;Nt\hk; .... 18. cj;jkk; ghpr~Nj.

(ngz;tPl;lhh; mEkjpAld;) ngz;zplk; fPo;f;fz;l

Nrhjidiar; nra;ayhk;.

1.ney; 2.Nkil kz; 3.tay; kz; 4.gRQ;rhzp 5.RLfhl;L

kz; ,tw;iw vjpyhtJ kiwthf itj;J> ngz;zplk;

fhl;b xd;iwj; njhlr; nra;aNtz;Lk;. gpd;djpypUe;J

Kd;dJ rpwe;jJ vd;w Kiwapy; ngz;zpd; mjph;\;lk;

mwpag;gLfpwJ.

(1) ney;iyj; njhl;lhy; g;u[h ]k;Uj;jp cz;lhFk;>

Nkil kz;izj; njhl;lhy; ahfq;fs; epiwa nra;ayhk;>

tay; kz;izj; njhl;lhy; jhd;a ]k;Uj;jp cz;lhFk;>

gRtpd; rhzp njhlg;gl;lhy; Nfh ]k;Uj;jp cz;lhFk;>

r;krhe kz;izj; njhl;lhy; tpghPjk; cz;lhfyhk;.

(2) ,e;jr; nra;ifahdJ tUq;fhy kq;fsj;ijAk;>

jd jhd;a ]k;Uj;jpiaAk;> Vw;glg;NghFk; f\;lj;jpw;F

#rfkhfTk ; Rg rFdk ; my ;yJ mgrFdkhf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. 53

19. ge;JrPy y~z .... ..... cgar;Nrj;

rpwe;j Fyk;> cau;e;j gz;G eyd;fs;> ey;y elj;ij>

Nj` MNuhf;ak; Nghd;w ew;Fzq;fs; cupa ngz;izNa

kzf;fNtz;Lk;.

20. ge;JrPy y~z ... .... .... ,jp tu]k;gj;.

ngz;izg;NghyNt> tudplj;Jk; Fyk;> rPyk;> ruPuk;>

taJ> tpj;ij> jdk; kw;Wk; ge;Jf;fs; ,tw;wpy;


53 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a]_j;uk;-rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" - gf;fk; - 47


42

rpwe;jtidj; Nju;e;njLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W mwpTWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

21. a];ahk; ... ... ... .... ... ... NaNjj;NaNf.

xU ngz; tudpd; fz;Zf;Fk;> kdJf;Fk; gpbj;jk;

cs;stshdhy; me;jg; ngz;zhy; mtDf;F RfKk;

j;Ug;jpAk; cz;lhFk;. vdNt tud; kw;w tp\aq;fs; kPJ

ftdk; nrYj;jhky; mtis tpth`k; nra;J nfhs;sTk;. 54

,t;thW rpy tpw;gd;du;fSila mgpg;uhak;.

Fwpg;G:- xU ngz; kdjpw;Fg; gpbj;jtshdhy;

mtsplj;jpy; cs;s Njh\q;fs; ngupjhfj; njupahJ.

NtW nghUj;jq;fs; ,y;yhtpbDk; kdJf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd

ngz;iz kze;J nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. vdNt tud;>

Njh\Ks;s xU ngz;iz js;sNtz;lhk; vd;W epidj;jhy;

,e;j ]_j;uk; mjw;Fr; rhjfkhf mikfpwJ.




Xu; Ma;T

,ay; - 3f;U`;a ]_j;uk; glyk; - 2

(,t;tpaypy; fd;dpifia tupj;jy; njhlq;fp - mtis

tpth`k; nra;J> jd; f;U`j;jpw;F mioj;Jr;nry;YtJ

tiu tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.)


44

2tJ glyk; - 4tJ fz;lk;

Fwpg;G:- ,t;tpuz;lhk; glyj;jpy; kl;Lk; ]_j;u

tpsf;fq;fSld; tpth` g;u`uzj;jpw;fhd ke;j;uq;fSf;F

nghUs;> tpsf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; jhj;gu ;ak; Mfpait

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fe;ah tuz tpjp

1. ]{f;Uj];]kNtjhe; ... .... .... ... g;u`pZahj;

kdjpw;Fg; gpbj;j ngz;iz jdf;Ff; fd;ahjhdk;

nra;J jUkhW> fd;dpifapd; gpjhtplk; nrd;W NfhUk;gb

Ntjj;aadk; nra;j jd; eyd; tpUk;Gk; ez;gu;fis

my;yJ ngupNahu;fis mDg;gNtz;Lk;. 55

2. jhehjpNjh j;thg;ahkgpke;j;uNaj.

fd;dpifia thpf;ff; fpsk;Gk; nghOJ tud; mth;fisg;

ghh;j;J ‘g;u]{f;ke;jh" Kjypa ,uz;L ke;j;uq;fisr;

nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. 56

tug;Nu\zk;

tug;Nu\zk; vd;gJ> tpth`k; nra;Jnfhs;s

tpUk;Gfpwtd; ey;y g;uh ;̀kzu;fis ngz; ghu;j;J tur;nrhy;yp>

(ey;y ngz; fpilj;jJk;) mts; ngw;Nwhuplk; ,J tp\akhfg;

Ngrp Kbj;J tUtjw;fhf mDg;GtNj tug;Nu\zk; MFk;.

g;uNahfk; :-

tud; (fe;iaia jhdkhfg; ngwg;Nghfpwtd;) - ‘ju;kg;u[h

]k;gj;au;j;jk; r;upak; cj;NthLk; tuhd; g;Nu\ap\;Na" - vd;W

]q;fy;gk; nra;Jnfhz;L> ‘g;u]{f;ke;jh" Kjypa ke;j;uq;fis

[gpj;J> fe;iaapd; gpjhtplk; jd;idg;gw;wpr; nrhy;yp

jdf;fhf me;jg; ngz;izf; Nfl;fr; nrhy;yp g;uh`;kzu;fis

Ntz;Lfpwhd;.

55 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;- rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up" - gf;fk; - 49



45

nghJ tpsf;fk;:

tpth` ke;j;uq;fis ,e;j;ud; mEf;u`pg;gjd; jhj;gu;ak;

,e;j ke;j;uq;fspy; njuptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;:

‘g;u]{f;ke;jh" :- Jupjkhfr; nry;yf; $batu;fSk;

vLj;j fhupaj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ty;ytu;fSkhd g;uh ;̀kz

cj;jku;fNs! ePq;fs; clNd Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W fd;iaapd;

gpjhitr; re;jpAq;fs;. me;j fd;iaia ehd; kzg;gij ,e;j;u

NjtDk; tpUk;gp mEf;u`pf;fpwhd;. Vnddpy;> fy;ahzkhfp

jk;gjpfshf ehq;fs; elj;jg; NghFk; N]hk ahfj;jpy;

,e;j;udpd; g;uPjpf;fhd Mfhuq;fis mspg;Nghk; vd;gij mtd;

mwpe;Js;shd;. 57

g;uNahfk; :

jdf;fhfg; ngz; Njlg;NghFk; g;uh ;̀kzu;fSf;F topapy;

vt;tpjj; jlq;fYk; Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f fPo;f;fz;l ke;j;uq;fshy;

Njtijfis g;uhu;j;jpf;fNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

‘me;U~uh:" :- X NjtijfNs! vdf;fhfg; ngz;Njlr;

nry;Yk; g;uh`;kzu;fs; nry;Yk; topapy; fy;> Ks; Nghd;w

njhe;jpuTfs; VJkpd;wp ey;y ghijahf ,Uf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

mu;akh> gfd; Nghd;w Njtijfs; vq;fs; jhk;gj;jpa

Nfhupf;ifia epiwNtw;wp itf;fl;Lk;.

3. ];tak; j;U\;l;th j;UjPak; [Ngj;

tud;> tupf;fg;gl;l fd;dpifia tpth`k; nra;Jnfhs;Sk;

Nehf;fpy; mtis Nehpy; ghh;f;fpd;wnghOJ ‘mg;uhj;Uf;dPk; ....

]tpj];]{t" vd;fpw %d;whtJ ke;jpuj;ijr; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. 58

57 Fwpg;G:- thpf;fg;Nghfpwth;fs;> fd;dpifapd; tPl;bw;Fg; Ngha; ‘‘evaM .. ....gaao~aaya ... Sama_Nao

.... gaao~aaM .... naamnaIM (pa`jaa) sahtva kxma_Bya: yauYmadIyaaM kxnyaaM vaRNaImaho’’ vd;W nrhy;thh;fs;. mg;nghOJ>

ngz;izr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; ‘‘SaaoBanaM taqaa dasyaama:’’ vd;W nrhy;Ythh;fs;. g;uh`;k tpth`j;jpYk;>

Mh;\ tpth`j;jpYk; tug;Nu\zk; cz;L. Vndd;why; mjpy; gzt;at`huk; ,Uf;fpwJ.



46

g;uNahfk; :-

jdf;fhf tupf;fg;gl;l fd;dpifia mts; jfg;gdhuplkpUe;J

jhdkhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L> mtis jd; Jiztpahf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Kd;> mtsplKs;s Njh\q;fis fPo;f;fz;l

ke;jpuq;fisf; $wp eptu;j;jp nra;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;

vd;gJ g;uNahfk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;:

mg;uhj;Uf;e Pk ; :- mg;uhj;U> mgjp> mGj;u vd

]N`hjuh;fspd; eyDf;fhfTk;> fztdhfpa jd;Dila

eyDf;fhTk;> ngwg;NghFk; Gj;uh;fspd; eyDf;fhfTk; KiwNa

tUzd;> g;U`];gjp> ,e;j;udhfpa Njth;fsplk; g;uhh;j;jpj;J

,e;jf;fd;dpifaplk; VNjDk; Njh\kpUe;J> Nkw;nrhd;dth;fis

ghjpf;ff;$Lkhdhy; mtw;iw ePf;fp ey;y Rgy~zq;fis

mspf;Fk;gb Ntz;b> midtUf;Fk; N~kj;ij g;uhh;j;jpf;fpwhd;.

4. rJh;j;ah ]kP~PNj.

ehd;fhtJ ke;jpukhd ‘mNfhu r~{:" vd;fpw ke;jpuj;ijr;

nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl tJitAk; mtsJ fz;fisAk;

ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;.

g;uNahfk; :

fPo;f;fz;l ke;j;uj;jhy; ngz;zpd; xt;Nthu; mq;fj;ijAk;

tud; ghu;f;fNtz;Lk;

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;:

‘mNfhu r~{:" :- V ngz;Nz! cd; fz;fshy; ghu;f;fg;gLk;

ghu;it Njh\q;fsw;witahfTk; kq;fsfukhfTk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;.

cd; fztid Jd;GWj;jhjtsha; ,U. fztDf;Fk;> fztdpd;

]N`hjuu;fSf;Fk; ,irthd fUj;Jilatshf tpsq;Fthahf.

J}a ey;nyz;zq;fs; nfhz;ltshapU. f;&ukhd ghh;itapd;wp

rhe;jkhd Fsph;e;j Nehf;Filatsha;> fztdpd; ,y;yj;ijr;

Nrh;e;Njhh;f;F kq;fsq;fisr; Nrh;g;gtsha;> ey;y kdJk;>

k`hy~;kp Nghd;w tjdKk;> ePz;l MASld; rpwe;j kf;fis

ngWk; ghf;atjpahfTk;> jd;Gf;ffj;jpYs;s gR> g~p cs;spl;l


47

midthplj;Jk; gw;Wk; ghrKk; cs;stsha; ,e;j fd;dpif

jpfoNtz;Lk; vd;W NkYk; g;uhh;j;jpf;fpwhd;.

AvayavaSa: [_XaNaM samaIXaNaM. ‘‘AGaaorcaXau: ... ... catauYpado’’ 59 gpwF tJ}

tuh;fs; jh;gh]dj;jpy; cl;fhh;e;J gtpj;ughzpaha; ‘‘AavaaByaaM

kxmaa_iNa kxta_vyaaina pa`jaaSca {tpaadiyatavyaa:’’ vd ]q;fy;gk; nra;J

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

fe;ah Njh\ ept;Uj;jp

5. mq;F\;Nle ... .... .... g;ujPrPek; epu];Naj;.

fl;iltpuy; kw;Wk; mehkpfh vd;Dk; Nkhjpu tpuyhYk;

jh;gj;ijg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L ‘,kk; ... eph;jprhkp" vd;fpw

ke;jpuj;jhy; ,U GUtq;fSf;F ,ilapy; fPwp jh;gj;ij

Nkw;Nf vwpaNtz;Lk;. 60

g;uNahfk; :

‘Mthg;ahk; fu;khzp fu;j;jt;ahdp g;u[hr;r cj;ghjapjt;ah:"

vd;W ]q;fy;gk; nra;Jnfhz;L> fPo;f;fz;l ke;j;uj;jhy;

ngz;zpd; ,U GUtq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; cs;s g;uNjrj;jpy;

ju;gj;jhy; Jilj;J> ju;gj;ij gpd;Gwk; tPrNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

‘,jk`k;" :- V ngz;Nz! cd;dplk; vd;idf;

nfhy;yf;$ba my~;kP vdg;gLk; mkq;fyj;jd;ik ,Ue;jhy;

mij ,e;j ke;jpuj;ij g;uNahfpj;J> ,e;j ju;gj;jhy; Jilj;J

mij cd;idtpl;L mfYk;gbahfr; nra;fpNwd; (vd;W

ngz;zpd; ,U GUtq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jh;g;igapd; Edpahy;

Jilj;J Nkw;Fg;Gwk; vwpfpwhd;).

6. g;uhg;j epkpj;j cj;juhk; [Ngj;.

ngz;Nzh my;yJ ngz;zpz; jhahu; Nghd;w

cwtpdu;fNsh mOjhy; (maa~aaidiBa: kxnyakxyaa vaa ....) ‘[Pthk;Uje;jp"

vd;Dk; ke;j;uk; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. 61

59 ‘Mg];jk;g f;U`;a ]_j;uk;- rpd;d];thkp rh];j;up-t;ah" - gf;fk; - 51




48

g;uNahfk; :

ngz;zpd; gpupthy; fz;zPu;tpLk; jha; kw;w ge;Jf;fisg;

ghu;j;Jf; fPo;f;fz;l ke;j;uj;ij MWjyhfr; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

‘[Pthk;Uje;jp" :- ,e;jj; jpUkzk; vd;Dk; Rgfhupaj;jpdhy;

gpj;Uf;fSk;> Njtu;fSk; j;Ug;jpaile;J mEf;u`Kk;>

MrPu;thjKk; nra;fpwhu;fs;. jk;gjpfSk; xUtiu xUtu;

jOtp kfpOk; Mde;jj;ijAk;> xUtUf;nfhUtu; MjuitAk;

milfpwhu;fs;. vdNt Mde;jkhd ,e;jNeuj;jpy; mgrFdkhf

mOjy; $lhJ. fd;dpifapd; jha; kw;Wk; ge;Jf;fNs!

‘,e;jpud; cs;spl;l Njtu; Fohnky;yhk; te;jpUe;J vq;fis

MrPu;tjpf;fpd;wdu; vd Mz;lhs; mUspr;nra;Js;sij

vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;. ,tis ehd; kze;J nfhs;tjhy; ,e;j;uhjp

Njth;fs; kw;Wk; ,U FLk;gj;jpd; gpj;Uf;fSk; Mde;jk;

mile;Js;sdh;> vdNt ,e;j Rgkhd Ntisapy; ,tspd;

gphpTf;fhf tUe;Jtij tpLj;J> vq;fs; N~kj;Jf;fhf

midtUk; g;uhh;j;jid nra;Aq;fs;.

7. Af;khe;.... g;u`pZahj;.

Njh\ eptu ;j ;j pf ;fhf tJit ];ehek ; nra;J

itg;gjw;F ePh; nfhz;Ltu ‘t;A~j;f;&uk;" vd;fpw

ke;jpuj;jhy; g;uh`;kzh;fis ,ul;ilg;gil vz;zpf;ifapy;

mDg;gNtz;Lk;. 62

mehFyh t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; xt;nthU ke;j;uj;jpw;Fk; xU

];ehek; vd;Wk;> jhj;gu;a ju;rd t;ahf;ahdj;jpy; xNuKiw

];ehdk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

g;uNahfk; :

fPo;f;fz;l ke;j;uj;jhy; kzg;ngz;iz ed;dPuhl;l

ehy;jpirj; jPu;j;jq;fisf; nfhz;LtUk;gb ghu;g;gdr; rpl;lu;fis

g;uhu;j;jpf;fNtz;Lk;.



49

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

‘t;a~j; f;&uk;" :- ,e;j [yj;jpdhy; ,tsplk; cs;s

nfLjy; Vw;gLj;jf;$ba Njh\q;fs; tpyfl;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l

gupRj;jkhd [yq;fis g;uh`;kzu;fs; nfhz;L tul;Lk;.

,e;j ];ehej;jpdhy; ,ts; ]e;jjpfis ghjpf;ff;$ba ve;j

Njh\q;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; mit midj;Jk; tpyfl;Lk;. N`!

g;uhk;kNzhj;jkh;fNs ePq;fs; ehd;F jpirfspYk; nrd;W

fd;dpifapd; Njh\q;fis Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fty;y Gdpj

jPu;j;jq;fisr; Nrfhpj;J thUq;fs;.

8. cj;jNuz a[{\h ... ... ... ... Nahf;j;Nuz ]e;e`;ajp.

mLj;J tUk;> ‘mh;ak;Nzh mf;epk;" 63 vd;Dk; ke;jpuj;jhy;

fd;iaapd; jiyNky; jh;g tisaj;ij itf;fNtz;Lk;.

me;j jh;g tisaj;jpd;Nky; ‘Nfe]:" vd;w ke;j;uj;jhy;

njw;Fg; gf;fk; j;thuk; cs;sgb xU Efj;jbia itf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ‘re;Nj `puz;ak;" vd;w ke;j;uj;jhy; me;j

Efj;jb Jthuj;jpy; jq;f tpy;iy xd;iw (jpUkq;fy;aj;ij)

itj;J ‘`puz;ath;zh:" vd;w mLj;j Ie;J ke;j;uq;fisr;

nrhy;yp tJit ];ehek; nra;J itf;fNtz;Lk;. tplg;gLk;

[ykhdJ> Efj;jbapd; Jthuk;> jq;ftpy;iy topahf

ngz;zpd; rpurpy; tpoNtz;Lk;. 64

‘ghpj;th fph;tNzh" vd;fpw ke;jpuj;jhy; kzg;ngz;Zf;F

$iwg;Glitia mspj;J cLj;jr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

‘Mrhrheh" vd;fpw ke;jpuj;jhy; ngz;zpd; ,Lg;ig

g;uj~pzkhfr; Rw;wp> „njhg;Gspd; tyJ Gwk; Kbr;R

,Uf;Fk;gb… 65 Nahf;j;uk; vd;Dk; kpQ;rpf; fapw;why;

fl;lNtz;Lk;.

g;uNahfk; :

ngz;zpd; jiyapy; ju;gj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l tisaj;ijAk;>

mjd;kPJ Efj;jbiaAk; itj;J> mjd;kPJ jq;fj;ij


64 [yk; Nru;f;fg;gLtjhy; eide;j Milia khw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfNt Glit toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

65 ‘fz;lG+\zk;"-gf;fk;-179


50

(jpUkq;fy;aj;ij) itj;J mjd;topahf jPu;j;jk;tpLk;NghJ

nrhy;yg;gLk; ke;j;uk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;:

‘mu;ak;z:" :- ,e;j ju;g tisak; Rw;wpapUg;gJNghy;>

tpth` mf;dpiar;Rw;wp Mjpj;ad; Kjyhd Njtu;fSk;

midj;J ge;Jf;fSk; ,tisr; Rw;wpapUe;J ,e;j tpth`

ge;jj;ij fz;L MrPu;tjpf;fl;Lk;. #h;aid f;uzq;fs;

#o;e;jpUg;gJNghy; ge;Jf;fSk; ez;gh;fSkhfpa ,e;j

]igapy; cs;Nshh; midtUk; vq;fisr; #o;e;jpUe;J #h;ahjp

Njth;fspd; mEf;u`j;jpw;fhf g;uhh;j;jpf;Fk; ,e;j Ntisapy;

vd; Nfhhpf;iffis KOikahf mUsNtz;Lk;gb Njtijfis

jhq;fSk; g;uhh;j;jid nra;Aq;fs;.

g;uNahfk; :

ngz;zpd; jiyapy; fPo;f;fz;l ke;jpuj;ijf; $wp

Efj;jbia itf;fNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;: ‘Nfe]: Nfuj:" :- rrP Njtpapd; fztdhd ,e;j;u

NjtNd! ‘mghyh" vd;w ngz;zpd; rUk Nehia> ckJ Njupd;

rf;fuk; - Nju;j; jl;L - Efj;jb ,tw;wpYs;s Jthuq;fspd;

topahf [yj;ij tpl;L> mtis NehapypUe;J tpLtpj;J>

moFs;s ruPuj;ij milAk;gbr; nra;jha;. mJNghy; ,e;jf;

fd;dpifapd; rpurpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Efj;jb Jthuj;jpd;

topahf Nrh;f;fg;gLk; Gdpj ePuhy;> ,tsJ Njh\q;fisAk;

Nghf;fpaUsNtz;Lk;.

Efj;jb itg;gjd; jhj;gu;ak;:

upf; Ntjj;jpy; $wg;gl;bUf;Fk; mghiyapd; fij my;yJ

tuyhW: njhONeha;> nrhup> rpuq;F Nghd;wtw;why;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l mghiy vd;w ngz;iz vtUk; kzk;Gupa

Kd;tutpy;iy. mts; kzk;Gupe;J fztDld; N]hkid

topgl Mtyha; ,Ue;jhs;. ,e;epiyapy; xU jpdk; mts;

xU ejpapd; nts;sj;jpy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhs;. mt;nts;s

ePupy; N]hk NjtDf;F kpfTk; g;upakhd N]hku]j;ijf;

nfhz;l N]hkyij vd;Dk; nfhb> mts; ifapy; jw;nrayhff;

fpl;baJ. mts; mjd; u]j;ij gy;yhy; fbj;Jg; gpope;J>


51

N]hkid j;ahdpj;J mtDf;Fr; ]ku;g;gpj;jhs;. ,jdhy;

j;Ug;jpaile;j ,e;j;ud;> mtis jd; Nju;r; rf;fuk;> Nju;j;jl;L>

Efj;jb ,tw;wpd; thapyhf> ke;jpupf;fg;gl;l jPu;j;jj;ijr;

nrYj;jp mtis ey;y moFs;s &gtjpahf;fpdhd;.

g;uNahfk; :

fPo;f;fz;l ke;jpuj;ijf; $wp Efj;jbapy; ];tu;zj;ij

(jw;NghJ jpUkhq;fy;ak;) itf;fNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk;:

‘re;Nj `puz;ak;" :- V ngz;Nz! ke;jpu [yj;jpd;

];guprj;jpw;fhf> cd; jiyapy; itf;fg;gLk; ,e;j ];tu;z kakhd

jq;fkhdJ> cdf;F vy;yhtpj eyd;fisAk; mspf;fl;Lk;.

mghiyia gupRj;jg;gLj;jpa mNj ke;jpuj;jhy; Efj;jb

topahf nrYj;jg;gl;L> jq;fj;jpy; Njha;e;J cd; mq;fq;fis

te;jilAk; ,e;j g;uh ;̀kzu;fshy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l gupRj;jkhd

Gz;zpa [yk;> cd;id ]fytpjkhd Njh\q;fspypUe;Jk;

tpLtpj;J> gupRj;jkhf;fl;Lk;. ehk; ,uz;lwf; fye;J vy;yh

kq;fyq;fisAk; mEgtpg;Nghkhf.

g;uNahfk; :

fPo;f;fz;l Ie;J ke;j;uq;fshy; ngz;iz ePuhl;l

Ntz;Lk;. jw;fhyj;jpy; ePuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf g;Nuh~zk;

nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

1. ‘`puz;a tu;zh:" :- ‘`puz;atu;zhk; `upzPk;" vd;W

ngupa gpuhl;bahiu Ntjk; tu;zpg;gJNghy;> jpUkfisg;Nghd;w

xspnghUe;jpa> jhd; vg;NghJk; Rj;jkhdJk;> midtiuAk;

Rj;jg;gLj;jp midj;Jtpj ghgq;fs; Njh\q;fspypUe;Jk;

tpLtpf;f ty;yJkhd> ,e;j Gz;zpa jPu;j;jq;fshy; ]tpjh

Njtd; cd;id gupRj;jkhf;fl;Lk;.

2. ‘`puz;atu;zh:" :- ,g;gbg;gl;l jPu;j;jq;fshy;jhd;

fr;agd; vDk; #upad; cz;lhdhd;. mf;epAk; ,jpypUe;Jjhd;

Njhd;wpdhu;. ve;j jPu;j;jq;fs; jd;Ds; mf;dpia itj;Js;sdNth>

me;j Rgkhd jPu;j;jfq;fs; cdf;F ,k;ikapYk;> kWikapYk;

midj;J eyd;fisAk; toq;fl;Lk;. (mf;epk; fu;gk; jjpNu


52

- vd;W [yk; mf;dpiaj; jd; fu;gj;jpy; itj;Js;sJ vd

Ntjk; cj;Nfh\pf;fpwJ. ,jd; nghUs; : [yk; vd;gJ ,uz;L

i`l;u[d;> kw;Wk; xU Mf;]p[d; Mfpa Ntjpg;nghUl;fshy;

MdJ vd tp[;Qhdpfs; ep&gpj;Js;sdu;. Mf;]p[d; ,y;yhky;

mf;dp ,y;iy).

3. ‘ah]hk; uh[h" :- jPu;j;jj;jpw;F mjpgjpahd ve;j

tUz Njtd;> [y kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L> [dq;fspd;

Gz;a ghgq;fis gupghypj;J tUfpwhNuh> me;j tUzdpd;

mEf;u`j;jhy; cdf;F ed;ikfs; Vw;gll;Lk;.

4. ‘ah]hk; Njth:" :- ve;j jPu;j;jj;ij Njtu;fSk;

M`hukhf Vw;fpwhu;fNsh> ve;j jPu;j;jq;fs; Mfhaj;jpy; Nkf

&gkha;j; jto;fpd;wdNth> me;j Gz;zpa [yq;fshy; cdf;F

vy;yh Rfq;fSk; fpl;ll;Lk;.

5. ‘rpNtej;th" :- V ngz;Nz! ,e;j [yq;fs;>

kq;fyfukhd Rgg;ghu;itia cd;Nky; nrYj;jl;Lk;.

gupRj;jkhd> Gz;zpafukhd jd; Nj`q;fshy; cd; Nj`j;ij

eidf;fl;Lk;. nea; jhiuaha; tpOtJNghy; cd;Nky; tpOk;

,e;j jPu;j;jq;fs; cdf;F vy;yh mEf;u`q;fisAk; toq;fl;Lk;.

V tJNt! kpfTk; k`pikAs;s kq;fsfukhd Gdpjkhd

,e;j jPh;j;jq;fs;> vd; g;uhh;j;jidf;fhf ,q;F #o;e;Js;s

Njtijfs; kw;Wk; nghpNahh;fspd; mUshrpAld; cd; rhPuj;ijr;

Nrh;e;jTld;> eP ,dp ,k;kpasTk; Njh\q;fsw;wtsha;> kpfTk;

Gdpjkhdtsha;> ghpRj;ijaha; Mf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lha;> ,dp

midj;Jk; cdf;F kq;fsq;fNsahFk;.

g;uNahfk; :

ngz;zpw;fhf Gjpjhf thq;fp itj;Js;s „$iwg;Glit… 66

kw;Wk; jpUkhq;fy;aj;ij fPo;f;fz;l ke;jpuj;jhy; mtsplk;

toq;fNtz;Lk;.

ke;j;uKk; nghUSk; :

‘gupj;th fpu;tNzh fpu:" V NjNte;j;u NjtNd! vg;gb

midtupYk; cau;e;Njhuhd Njt Njtu;fs; midtUk; ck;ikr;

66 Fwpg;G:- $iw t];j;uk;> Nfhb t];j;uk; vd;why; Gjpa Jzp vd;W nghUs;.


53

#o;e;jpUe;J Jjpf;fpd;wdNuh> mJNghy; ,e;j Gjpa GlitahdJ>

,tsJ Nkdpiar; #o;e;jpUe;J> ,ts; vg;NghJk; n]sghf;ak;

epiwe;jtshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W mEf;u`pf;fNtz;Lk;.

ghpRj;jkhd kufjk; ituk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk;> rhsf;uhk

ngUkhisAk; ehk; gl;L t];jp

Documents

Apastambha Gruhya Sutras Gruhya Sutras.pdfThe Doctoral thesis on Apastamba Grhya sUtram by Dr. N.V. Srinivasan SvAmi is a very valuable addition to the current literature on Kalpa