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AP Chapter 4Slavery and the Empire
The African Slave Trade10-12 million slaves were
brought to the Americas with 67% coming between 1701-1810
Men outnumbered the women 2 to 1 and most were field workers
The Middle PassageMiddle Passage- name given
to the middle part of the trading triangle from England to Africa to America and back to England
Conditions on the ship were brutal
Middle Passage
Triangular Trade
Effects on AfricaThose taken captive were the
strongest members of their tribe which weakened Africa
African kingdoms fought each other for slaves
West African economy grew weakerDemoralized Africans and led
Europeans to conquer the continent in the 1800s
Slavery in North AmericaFirst slaves arrived in Virginia
around 1619As the need for slavery rose so
did the slave populationEnglish law had no precedent
for allowing slavery but as slavery grew laws were created
Expansion of tobacco production relied on the size of the slave labor force
Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina (Upper South) needed slaves for the tobacco fields
S. Carolina was a slave state from the beginning
Slavery was accepted in the North as an American institution
Northern states were not considered slave states but slavery was an important form of labor
Slavery made up the majority of the workforce on the plantations in the South
Slave Codes- laws primarily in the South that defended slavery and denied basic civil rights to them
Most slaves were not converted to Christianity until the Great Awakening that swept the South in the 1760s
Music and dance formed the foundation of African American culture before a common language
Politics of MercantilismMercantilism- economic system
were the govt. intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth
Mercantilists policies controlled the trading networks and was successfully used by the British
Govt. regulated wages, encouraged agriculture and manufacturing, and erected trade barriers.
England tried to control as much as they could to maximize profits
Mercantilist era led to intense and violent competition among Europeans for colonies
Queen Anne’s War and King George’s War- war between England and France over succession of the Spanish and Austrian thrones respectively
Some of the wars were fought in N. America and included N. American tribes
Wars were a sign of things to come
British Colonial RegulationsNavigation Acts- created a legal and
institutional structure for Britain's colonial system
Acts said the colonies were providers of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods
Banned trading of merchants from other nations in the colonies and all goods must be shipped on British vessels
Colonial EconomyDespite the harsh mercantilist
regulations the economy benefited planters, merchants and whites
Southern slave owners made huge profits
Enumerated Goods- items produced in the colonies that could be shipped to specific locations with Parliaments approval
ConclusionSlavery was used to provide a
reliable supply of labor for the British colonies
Slavery had a negative social and economic impact on Africa
Mercantilist policies controlled the economy of early colonial America