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8/19/2019 AP Chapter 13 Congress Notes 2014
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-chapter-13-congress-notes-2014 1/31
Chapter 13
Congress
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Learning Objectives
1. In what respects is Congress “the first branch” of American national government?
2. Why do most Americans and many eperts nowview Congress as “the bro!en branch”?
". What are the main differences between a congressand a parliament?
#. $ow has the legislative prod%ctivity of the &.'.Congress varied over time?
(. Are the American people as deeply divided inpartisan and ideological terms as theirrepresentatives in Congress now appear to be?
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r
n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
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Learning Objectives
,. $ow closely do members of Congress mirror the American people in terms of gender- race- andother demographic characteristics?
. /oes Congress normally do what most citi0ens
want it to do?. 'ho%ld Congress r%n %nder strong leadership?
. 'ho%ld Congress act more 3%ic!ly?
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r
n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
"
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Introduction
WHO GOVERN!
1. Are members of Congress representative of the American people?
2. /oes Congress normally do what most citi0enswant it to do?
"O WH#" EN$!
". 'ho%ld Congress r%n %nder strong leadership?
#. 'ho%ld Congress act more 3%ic!ly? C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r
n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
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Introduction
4ramers5 view of Congress “4irst branch” of government
$olds most national government powers
6ssential to federalism
7aintains separation of powers
+inchpin of chec!s and balances
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Introduction
Contemporary Americans5 view ofCongress “8ro!en branch” of government
&nable to address problems effectively
9oo responsive to special interests
:onstop campaign f%ndraising and;or
corr%ption&nli!ely to fi itself C
o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r
n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
,
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"he %o&ers o' CongressConstitution( #rtic)e 1* section +
9o lay and collect taes- d%ties- imposts- and ecises 9o borrow money 9o reg%late commerce with foreign nations;among states
9o establish r%les for nat%rali0ation and ban!r%ptcy 9o coin money- set its val%e- and p%nish co%nterfeiting 9o fi the standard of weights and meas%res 9o establish a post office and post roads 9o iss%e patents and copyrights to inventors;a%thors
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* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
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"he %o&ers o' CongressConstitution( #rtic)e 1* section +
9o create co%rts inferior to the '%preme Co%rt 9o define;p%nish piracies- felonies on high seas- and
crimes against law of nations 9o declare war
9o raise and s%pport an army and navy< ma!e r%les fortheir governance
9o provide for a militia 9o eercise ecl%sive legislative powers over seat of
government- federal facilities 9o “ma!e all laws which shall be necessary and properfor carrying into eec%tion the fore=going powers- and allother powers vested by this Constit%tion in thegovernment of the &nited 'tates.”
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Congress versus %ar)ia,ent
Congress Independent
representatives ofdistricts or states
>rimary system<voters chooseamong individ%alcandidates
>rincipal wor! isrepresentation andaction
%ar)ia,ent +oyal to national
party leadership
oters chooseamong nationalparties
>rincipal wor! isdebate
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* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
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-.. Congress
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
1*
7embers of Congress in 2*1"@ 8ase salary 1#-***- pl%s genero%s benefits +arge office and staff Additional allowances for travel- comm%nication
etc.
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"he Evo)ution o' Congress
8icameral two chamberD legislat%re$o%se of Eepresentatives
'enate
Centrali0ation vs. decentrali0ation
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
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"he Evo)ution o' Congress
$o%se $istory@ 'i >hases>hase Fne@ 9he >owerf%l $o%se
>hase 9wo@ 9he /ivided $o%se
>hase 9hree@ 9he 'pea!er E%les
>hase 4o%r@ 9he $o%se Eevolts
>hase 4ive@ 9he 7embers E%le
>hase 'i@ 9he +eadership Eet%rns C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
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"he Evo)ution o' Congress
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
1"
A cartoon from >%c! in 1*epressed pop%lar
resentment over the“7illionaires Cl%b-” as the
'enate had become !nown.
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Who Is in Congress!
Gender and Eace8ecoming less male and less white
2*1"@ fewer lawyers and former members
of armed forces'enate changed more slowly
4irst woman 'pea!erB:ancy >elosi 2**D
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
1#
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/)ac0s* Hispanics* and Wo,en in Congress*
1214513
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
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.
1(
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Who Is in Congress!
Inc%mbency7ost inc%mbents win
7arginal districts
'afe districts
C o p y r i g h
t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
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1,
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Re6e)ection Rates 'or House and
enate Incu,bents* 1784514
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
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.
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Who Is in Congress!
>artyEedistricting has little overall effect
Impact of maHor electoral conv%lsions
Conservative coalition emerges in 1,*sand 1*s then declinesD
Growing ideological partisanship
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* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
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Representation and
%o)ari9ation
Eepresentational iew Bmembers voteto please their constit%ents
Frgani0ational iew Bmembers vote toplease fellow members of Congress
Attit%dinal iew Bmembers vote on thebasis of their own beliefs
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
%arties and Interests
>arty Frgani0ations9he 'enate >resident pro tempore honorificD
7aHority leader powerD 7inority leader
Whips
>olicy Committee
'tanding committees C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2*
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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
%arties and Interests
>arty Frgani0ations9he $o%se of Eepresentatives 'pea!er of the $o%se
7aHority leader floor leaderD 7inority leader
Whips
Committees
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
21
&.'. $o%se of Eepresentatives 'pea!er ohn8oehner won re=election in his party in 2*1"
to lead the chamber for a second term.
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>arty oting
%art: Votes in the House*
1+2264515
"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
%arties and Interests
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
%arties and Interests
Ca%c%ses Advocates a political ideology or advances
a regional- ethnic or economic interest
6amples@ /emocratic 't%dy Gro%p
9%esday +%nch 8%nch
Congressional 8lac! Ca%c%s
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2"
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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
Co,,ittees
'tanding Committees
'elect Committees
oint CommitteesConference Committees
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2#
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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(
ta''s and pecia)i9ed O''ices
9as!s of 'taff 7embers@ constit%entproblem=solving- legislative f%nctions
'taff AgenciesCongressional Eesearch 'ervice
Government Acco%ntability Fffice
Congressional 8%dget Fffice
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2(
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Ho& a /i)) /eco,es La&
Introd%cing a 8ill
't%dy by Committees
4loor /ebate B 9he $o%se4loor /ebate B 9he 'enate
7ethods of oting
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* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
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.
2,
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Ho& a /i)) /eco,es La&
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2
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Ho& a /i)) /eco,es La&
+egislative >rod%ctivity$ow to meas%re?
$ow to eval%ate changes in legislation?
/ivided government
6armar!s
$ow has post=;11 Congress legislated on
homeland sec%rity iss%es? C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g ? .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e
d .
2
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Ho& a /i)) /eco,es La&
Eeforming Congress9erm limits?
>or!=barrel legislation
4ran!ing privilege
Congressional Acco%ntability Act 1(D
>rice of citi0en=oriented Congress is a
por!=oriented Congress C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
2
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Congress and %resident %ropose
#)ternative $e'icit Reduction %)ans
C o p y r i g h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
"*
Clic! pict%re to play video
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Congress and %resident %ropose
#)ternative $e'icit Reduction %)ans
9a!ing a closer loo!@
1. 'ho%ld Congress or the president havegreater control over the federal b%dget?
2. /oes the b%dget conflict s%pport the“bro!en branch” view of Congress?
". Which view representational-
organi0ational- attit%dinalD is mostreflective of the c%rrent Congress? C o p y r i g
h t ) 2
* 1 ( C e n g a g e + e a
r n i n g .
A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d
.
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