A.P.AmericanHistoryPresidentialListing

CriticalPeriod1788­1815

1.GeorgeWashington1789‐1797 VP–JohnAdams SecretaryofState–ThomasJefferson SecretaryofTreasury–AlexanderHamilton MajorItems: JudiciaryAct(1789) Tariffof1789 WhiskeyRebellion(1799) FrenchRevolution(CitizenGenet)(1973) JayTreatywithEngland(1795) PickneyTreatywithSpain(1795) FarewellAddress(1796) FirstBank(1791‐1811)2.JohnAdams 1797‐1801 Federalist

VP–ThomasJefferson MajorItems: X,Y,ZAffair(1797) AlienAct;SeditionAct(1798) NaturalizationAct “MidnightJudges”(1801) KentuckyandVirginiaResolutions(1798)3.ThomasJefferson 1801‐1809 Republican

VP–AaronBurrSecretaryofState–JamesMadison

MajorItems: Marburyv.Madison(1803) LouisianaPurchase(1803) LewisandClarckExpedition(1804‐1805) 12thAmendment(1804) EmbargoAct(1807) Non‐intercourseAct(1809)4.JamesMadison Republican VP–Clinton SecretaryofState–JamesMonroe MajorItems: MaconAct(1810) BerlinandMilanDecrees OrdersinCouncil “WarHawks”(1811‐1812) Warof1812 HartfordConvention(1814) FirstProtectiveTariff(1816)

EraofGoodFeeling/EraoftheCommonMan1815­18405.JamesMonroe 1817‐1825 Republican VP–Tompkins SecretaryofState–JohnQuincyAdams MajorItems: Marshall’sDecisions McCullochv.Maryland(1819) DartmouthCollegeCase(Dartmouthv.Woodward)(1819) Gibbonsv.Ogden(1824) AquisistionofFloridafromSpain(1819) MissouriCompromise(1820) MonroeDoctrine(1823) SectionalTariff(1824) FavoriteSonsElection(Jackson,J.Q.Adams,Crawford,Clay)(1824)6.JohnQuincyAdams 1825‐1829 NationalRepublican VP–JohnC.Calhoun SecretaryofState–HenryClay MajorItems: NewYork’sErieCanal(1825) TariffofAbominations(1828) Calhoun’sExpositionandProtest(1828)7.AndrewJackson 1829‐1837 Democrat VP–JohnCalhoun MartinVanBuren MajorItems: JacksonianDemocracy

Tariffsof1832and1833 TheSecondBankoftheUS(duetoexpirein1836) FormationoftheWhigParty(1832)8.MartinVanBuren 1837‐1841 Democrat VP–Johnson MajorItems: Panicof1837 Overspeculationinland Speciecircular,noBankoftheUS Unsoundfinancingbystategov’t’s

AntebellumPeriod9.WilliamHenryHarrison 1841 Whig VP–JohnTyler SecretaryofState–DanielWebster10.JohnTyler 1841‐1845 Anti‐JacksonDemocratranasVPonWhigTicket SecretaryofState–DanielWebster MajorItems: Webster‐AshburtonTreaty(1842) VetoesClay’sbillfor3rdBankoftheUS Canadianborder45thParallel

11.JamesK.Polk 1845‐1849 Democrat VP–Dallas MajorItems: Texasbecomesastate(1845) OregonBoundarysettled(1846) MexicanWar(1846‐48) Guadalupe‐HidalgoTreaty(1848) WilmotProviso–Keptslaveryoutofnewlyacquiredterritory12.ZacharyTaylor 1849‐1850 Whig VP–MillardFilmore13.MillardFilmore 1850‐1853 Whig SecretaryofState–DanielWebster MajorItems: Compromiseof1850 ClaytonBulwerTreaty(1850)

BritainandUSagreenottoexpandinCentralAmericaifcanalisbuild UncleTom’sCabin(1852)14.FranklinPierce 1853‐1857 Democrat VP–King MajorItems: Kansas‐NebraskaAct(1854) Popularsovereignty Japanopenedtotrade(1853) UndergroundRailroad BleedingKansas OstendManifesto(1854) DesireforCuba/Spain;offered$100,000inOstend,Belgium15.JamesBuchanan 1857‐1861 Democrat VP–JohnC.Breckinridge MajorItems: Taney’sDredScottDecision(1857) Lincoln‐DouglasDebates(1858)16.AbrahamLincoln 1861‐1865 Republican VP–AndrewJohnson SecretaryofState–W.H.Seward SecretaryofTreasury–SalmonP.Chase MajorItems: CivilWar(1861‐1865) EmancipationProclamation(1863) HomesteadAct(1862) MorillAct–createdagriculturalcolleges Llincoln’sAssassination April14,1865 JohnWilkesBooth

Reconstruction17.AndrewJohnson 1865‐1869 Republican SecretaryofState–W.H.Seward MajorItems: 13thAmendment 14thAmendment 15thAmendment ReconstructionAct(1867) TenureofOfficeAct(1867) ImpeachmentTrial(1868) FormationofKKK AdoptionofBlackCodes18.UlyssesS.Grant 1869‐1877 Republican VP–CalfaxWilson SecretaryofState–HamiltonFish MajorItems: 15thAmendment(1870) FirstTranscontinentalRailroad(1869) TweedRing Panicof1873 CreditMoblier WhiskeyRing

GildedAge1877­190019.RutherfordB.Hayes 1877‐1881 Republican VP–Wheeler MajorItems: Bland‐AllisonAct(1878) Freecoinageofsilver TroopswithdrawnfromSouth(1877)20.JamesA.Garfield 1881,March4toSept.19 Republican VP–ChesterA.Arthur SecretaryofState–JamesA.Blaine MajorItems: Garfield’sAssassination CharlesJ.Guiteau 21.ChesterA.Arthur 1881‐1885 Republican SecretaryofState–JamesA.Blaine MajorItems: PendletonAct(1883) Civilservicecommissionsetup22.GroverCleveland 1885‐1889 Democrat VP–Hendricks MajorItems: KnightsofLabor(1886) HaymarketSquareRiot(1886) InterstateCommerceAct(1887) Washburnv.Illinois(1886)

23.BenjaminHarrison 1889‐1893 Republican VP–Morton SecretaryofState–JamesA.Blaine MajorItems: ShermanAnti‐TrustAct(1890) PopulistPartyPlatformof1892 ND,SD,MT,WA–1889states Idaho,Wyoming–1890States McKinleyTariff(1890) ShermanSilverPurchasingAct(1890)24.GroverCleveland 1893‐1897 Democrat‐SecondAdministration VP–Stevenson MajorItems: Panicof1893 Hawaiianincident(1893) VenezuelanBoundaryAffair(1895) PullmanStrike(1894) AmericanFederationofLabor Wilson‐GormanTariffof189425.WilliamMcKinley 1897‐1901 Republican VP–GaretHobart1896‐1900 VP–TheodoreRoosevelt SecretaryofState–JohnHay MajorItems: NewImperialism SPAMWar OpenDoorPolicy(1899) BoxerRebellion(1900) McKinley’sAssassination LeonCzolgosz(1901)

ProgressiveAge1900­192026.TheodoreRoosevelt 1901‐1909 Republican VP–Fairbanks SecretaryofState–JohnHay,ElihuRoot MajorItems: PanamaCanal(1903‐1914 “SquareDeal”

“BigStickPolicy” CorollarytotheMonroeDoctrine(1904) PortsmouthTreaty(1905) Gentleman’sAgreementwithJapan(1904) HagueConferences(1899and1907) HepburnAct(1906) PureFoodandDrugAct,MeatInspectionActandMuckrakers(1906) PoliticalreformsoftheRooseveltEra Trustbusting CoalStrike Conservation VenezuelanDebtControversy(1902) DominicanRepubliccrisis(1902‐05) AlgeriusConferenceoverMorocco(1906)

27.WilliamH.Taft 1909‐1913 Republican VP–Sherman MajorItems: Paine‐AldrichTariff(1909) Pinchot‐BallingerConservation,polygamyproblem(1909) “DollarDiplomacy”28.WoodrowWilson 1913‐1921 Democrat VP–Marshall MajorItems: UnderwoodTariffBill(1913) 16th,17th,18th,and19thAmendments FederalReserveSystem(1913) GlassowerAct(1913) FederalTradeCommission(1914) ClaytonAnti‐TrustAct(1914) TradetoNicaragua,DominicanRepublic,Haiti,VirginIslands,Mexico TheLusitania(1915) “FourteenPoints” TreatyofVersailles(1919‐1920) “NewFreedom” MoralDiplomacy–Self‐Determination

RoaringTwenties­1920­192929.WarrenG.Harding 1921‐1923 “DarkHorseCandidate” Republican VP–CalvinCoolidge SecretaryofState–CharlesE.Hughes MajorItems: TeapotDomeScandal WashingtonConference(1921‐1922) Fordney‐McCumberTariff(1922) “ReturntoNormalcy” ImmigrationActof192130.CalvinCoolidge 1923‐1929 Republican VP–Dawes SecretaryofState–FrankKellogg MajorItems: Kellogg‐BriandPact(1928) NationalOriginsAct(1924)31.HerbertHoover 1929‐1933 Republican VP–Curtis SecretaryofState–HenryL.Stimson MajorItems: NationalOriginsImmigrationAct(1929) PanicandDepression StockMarketCrash(1929) Hawley‐SmootTariff(1930) BonusArmy

TheNewDeal/EraofReform1920­194532.FranklinD.Roosevelt 1933‐1945 Democrat VP–Garner,Wallace,Truman MajorItems: NewDeal WWII Labor33.HarryS.Truman 1945‐1953 Democrat VP–Barkley MajorItems: WWIIEnds–AtomicBomb Taft‐HarleyAct(1947) TrumanDoctrine(1947) MarshallPlan(1947) NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization‐NATO–1949 Korea(1950‐1953) “FairDeal”

TheColdWar1945­196834.DwightD.Eisenhower 1953‐1961 Republican VP–Nixon MajorItems: 22ndAmendment Brownv.BoardofEducationofTopeka,Kansas(1954) SoutheastAsiaTreatyOrganization(SEATO) SuezCanal(1956) EisenhowerDoctrine TheRaceforSpace AlaskaandHawaiibecomestates(1959)35.JohnF.Kennedy 1961‐1963 Democrat VP–LyndonB.Johnson MajorItems: AllianceforProgress Bakerv.Carr(1962) ThePeaceCorps Cuba “NewFrontier” NuclearTestBanTreaty KennedyAssassinatedinDallas,Texas‐Nov.22,1963–byLeeHarveyOswald36.LyndonB.Johnson 1963‐1968 Democrat VP–Humphrey MajorItems: The“ColdWar”‐Vietnam CubanPolicy IncomeTaxCut CivilRightsAct(1964) Anti‐PovertyAct(1964) ElementaryandSecondaryEducation Medicare “GreatSociety”

Détente1968­Present

37.RichardM.Nixon 1968‐1974 Republican VP–SpiroAgnew,GeraldFord MajorItems: “ImperialPresidency” Landingonthemoon(July,1969) WarrenBurger–ChiefJustice(1969) Woodstock(Aug,1969) E.P.A.established(1970) 26thAmendment VisittoChina(1972) VisittoRussia(1972) SALTAgreement(1972) Kissinger–“ShuttleDiplomacy”(1973‐75) WoundedKnee,S.D.(1973) AllenderegimeinChile–CIA(1973) Agnewresigns(1973) Nixonresigns(1974) PentagonPapers38.GeraldFord 1974‐1976 Republican 1stAppointedPresident VP–NelsonRockefeller NeitherpresidentnorVPhadbeenelected MajorItems: PardonsNixon OPECCrisis(1974)39.JimmyCarter Democrat VP–Mondale MajorItems: PanamaCanalTreatysigned(1977)

EstablisheddiplomaticrelationswithCommunistChina,endedrecognitionofTaiwan3MileIslandincident(PA)–nuclearleak(1979)EgyptandIsraelpeacetreaty;SadatandBegin NobelPeacePrizes(1979)IranHostageCrisis(1979) RescueAttemptfailed–8killed(1980)SeizureofAfghanistanbySoviets(1979)“Stagflation”BoycottofOlympicsinMoscowtoprotestAfghanistan

40.RonaldReagan 1980‐1988 Republican VP–Bush MajorItems: HostagesReturned FalklandIslandscrisis–USsupportsEngland(1982) 1500marinessenttoBeirut(1983)–withdrawn1984 Grenada(1983) Nicaragua(1984) SandraDayO’ConnerappointedtotheSupremeCourt(1stWoman) “SupplySideEconomics: TheGreatCommunicator IranContraHearings–OliverNorth(1987)41.GeorgeBush 1988‐1992 Republican VP–Quayle MajorItems: SavingsandLoanScandal(1990) BerlinWallcamedown/reunificationofGermany InvasionofPanama(1990) OperationDesertShield/Storm(1992)42.WilliamJ.Clinton 1992‐2000 Democrat VP–AlGore MajorItems: FamilyandMedicalLeaveAct Impeachment NAFTA43.GeorgeW.Bush 2000‐2008 Republican VP–Cheney MajorItems 9/1144.BarakObama 2008‐ Democrat VP–JoeBiden