AntidoteFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFor other uses,
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Anantidoteis a substance which can counteract a form
ofpoisoning.[1]The term ultimately derives from the Greek
antididonai, "given against".The antidotes for some
particulartoxinsare manufactured by injecting the toxin into an
animal in small doses and extracting the resultingantibodiesfrom
the host animals' blood. This results in anantivenomthat can be
used to counteractpoisonproduced by certain species
ofsnakes,spiders, and other venomous animals. A number of venoms
lack a viable antivenom, and a bite or sting from an animal
producing such a toxin often results in death. Some animal venoms,
especially those produced byarthropods(e.g.
certainspiders,scorpions,bees, etc.) are only potentially lethal
when they provoke allergic reactions and induceanaphylactic shock;
as such, there is no "antidote" for these venoms because it is not
a form of poisoning and anaphylactic shock can be treated (e.g., by
the use ofepinephrine).Some other toxins have no known antidote.
For example, the poisonaconitine, a highly poisonousalkaloidderived
from variousaconite specieshas no antidote, and as a result is
often fatal if it enters the human body in sufficient
quantities.Contents[hide] 1Mechanical approaches 2List of antidotes
3References 4See also
[edit]Mechanical approachesIngested poisons are frequently
treated by the oral administration ofactivated charcoal,
whichadsorbsthe poison and flushes it from the digestive tract,
thereby removing a large part of the toxin.A remedy:Poisons which
are injected into the body (such as those from bites or stings from
venomous animals) are usually treated by the use of a constriction
band which limits the flow of lymph and/or blood to the area, thus
slowing circulation of the poison around the body. This should not
be confused with use of atourniquetwhich cuts off blood flow
completely - often leading to the loss of the limb.[edit]List of
antidotesAgentIndication
Activated charcoalwith sorbitalused for many oral toxins
Atropineorganophosphateandcarbamateinsecticides,nerve agents,
somemushrooms
Beta Blockertheophylline
Calcium chloridecalcium channel blockers,black widow
spiderbites
Calcium gluconatehydrofluoric acid
Chelatorssuch asEDTA,dimercaprol(BAL),penicillamine, and
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA, succimer)heavy metalpoisoning
Cyanideantidote (amyl nitrite,sodium nitrite,
orthiosulfate)cyanide poisoning
Cyproheptadineserotonin syndrome
DeferoxaminemesylateIronpoisoning
Digoxin Immune Fabantibody (Digibind and
Digifab)digoxinpoisoning
Diphenhydramine hydrochlorideandbenztropine
mesylateExtrapyramidalreactions associated withantipsychotic
Ethanolorfomepizoleethylene glycolpoisoning
andmethanolpoisoning
Flumazenilbenzodiazepinepoisoning
Glucagonbeta blockerpoisoning andcalcium channel
blockerpoisoning
100%oxygenorhyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT)carbon
monoxidepoisoning andcyanidepoisoning
Insulinbeta blockerpoisoning andcalcium channel
blockerpoisoning
Leucovorinmethotrexateandtrimethoprim
Methylene bluetreatment of conditions that
causemethemoglobinemia
Naloxone hydrochlorideopioidpoisoning
N-acetylcysteineParacetamol(acetaminophen) poisoning
Octreotideoralhypoglycemicagents
Pralidoxime chloride(2-PAM)organophosphateinsecticides
Protamine sulfateHeparinpoisoning
Prussian blueThallium poisoning
Physostigminesulfateanticholinergicpoisoning
PyridoxineIsoniazidpoisoning, ethylene glycol
Phytomenadione(vitamin K) andfresh frozen
plasmawarfarinpoisoning andindanedione
Sodium bicarbonateASA,TCAswith a wide QRS
[edit]References1. ^"antidote" atDorland's Medical
Dictionary.[edit]See alsoLook upantidotein Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.
Snakebite Tourniquet Universal
antidote[show]vdePharmacology:major drug groups
[show]vdeAntidotes(V03AB)
[show]vdeToxicology
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