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Annotated Bibliography

How 3D Printing Is Changing The Way We Do Things.

Noah Parrott

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1103

Feb 28, 2015

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Wohlers, Terry, Bre Pettis, and Hod Lipson. Interview by Ira Flatow, Science Friday. Natl.

Public Radio, June 22, 2012. NPR.org. Web. 2 March 2015.

This was a transcript of the radio interview on Science Friday, hosted by Ira Flatow.

Flatow interviewed three people, Terry Wohlers, Bre Pettis, and Hod Lipson. Wohlers is

president of Wohlers Associates, Pettis is CEO and co-founder of MakerBot Industries

and Lipson is an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell

University and the co-founder of the Fab@Home Project. This interview was used to

touch on the way that 3D Printing works and how it's being used today. Wohlers and

Pettis explain to Flatow and the viewers the way that 3D Printing works, by printing

objects layer by layer. They discussed what types of companies or markets are getting

into 3D Printing with the top areas using this technology being the aerospace,

automotive, medical and dental industries. The consumer population has been buying 3D

printers so they can meet there own personal needs without having to buy needed

parts/objects from stores. They talked about bio-printing and its current use in the

medical field through using live cells as a material that they print with. Using the live

cells they can create various tissues, whether it's skin tissue or a ligament, like the

meniscus. Research is being done so that we will be able to print things such as spinal

discs, heart valves and hopefully even more complex objects like kidneys and livers. 3D

Printers have also been used to make custom fitting implants such as titanium hip

replacements. When asked what the limitations of 3D Printing might be, the response was

only three things; having enough raw materials, size of the printer, and the human

imagination. Other than that, the three interviewees were confident that there was nothing

that could limit the possibilities of the 3D Printing industry. NPR is a trustworthy source

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to get information from. The interviewer did not hold any bias because the topic wasn’t

being debated it was only being discussed for the sake of learning. The guests on this

show all hold high positions in terms of the 3D printing world, so they know a lot about

the business of it and about its implications. I might use this information as a bridge into

further research, possibly more field specific like the medical uses of 3D printing. It

helped me get an idea of just how many big industries have already begun to use 3D

printing.

Hieu, L.C, N Zlatov, Sloten J. Vander, E Bohez, L Khanh, P.H Binh, P Oris, and Y Toshev.

"Medical Rapid Prototyping Applications and Methods." Assembly Automation. 25.4

(2005): 284-292. Print.This article is written for a journal called Assembly Automation. It

talks about how Rapid Prototyping (a.k.a. RP/Additive Manufacturing/3D Printing) goes

hand in hand with already existing medical technology such as computerized

tomography(CT), laser scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). CT, MRI, and

Laser scanning are all used to examine the structure of different parts of a humans body,

and it give back its results which are patient specific, and with that information you can

have a needed part constructed using certain biomaterials. The article talks about some of

the difficulties that can come with initially trying to incorporate medical rapid

prototyping into the already existing medical field. It can be very expensive to do, which

affects countries with low incomes more so than others. The article also talks about the

very close collaboration required between different departments of hospitals in order to

incorporate the use of rapid prototyping so that its use does not differ from the way that

the MD’s were taught and trained. The article talks about the advantages of being able to

print on different scales, from big medical models to little microstructures used for

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implants and surgeries. The article brings to light the fact that medical rapid prototyping

includes multiple fields that are needed for it to work. Designers, manufacturers, a source

to obtain raw materials, all of these are needed in order to incorporate this technology

smoothly. This article has provided me with insight on what it needed for medical rapid

prototyping to become a commonly used technology, it has also given me insight on a

few of the different uses of it. This source has been peer reviewed and it approved by The

Atkins library at UNC Charlotte. I will probably use some of this information in my

research paper, and I will use this as base knowledge so I can do further research on the

use of 3D Printing in the medical field.

Buswell, R.A, R.C Soar, A.G.F Gibb, and A Thorpe. "Freeform Construction: Mega-Scale Rapid

Manufacturing for Construction." Automation in Construction. 16.2 (2007): 224-231.

Print.

This section is from a book and is about how rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing

are being integrated and developed in the world of construction. Indicated in the article,

much research is being done on how, the now mainstreamed, 3DPrinting can be used to

make better buildings. They explained that the process of Additive Manufacturing is the

same no matter what scale it’s on. This means that you could print anything from

microstructures, to entire buildings, calling it Freeform Construction. Indicating, all that’s

needed is to build a bigger printer that’s capable of handling the materials needed to

fabricate the structure. The section discusses the way that developers have begun to find

ways to replace ways that have been found to replace the traditional, cinder-block,

method of building walls, and instead making it out of a solid output, of whatever

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material is chosen, from a giant scaled 3DPrinter. The section points out the possibility

for design improvements like using rounded walls instead of flat ones. Also there would

no longer be any need for peaked roofs, since the building could print the entire building,

they could be rounded and attached to the walls of the structure leaving no gaps. Also

mentioned is the fact that you could preemptively leave open areas for windows and

access panels and things of that nature. The section also touched on the possibility of

being able to print both the construction and electrical aspects of a building at the same

time, severely reducing the total completion time. This is a chapter from a book titled,

“Automation in Construction”, and is a trusted source used for Mechanical and

Manufacturing Engineering by universities. This article had many good points on all the

possible advantages of using 3DPrinting in construction industry. I will definitely be

using this in my paper because there seem to be many applications and advantages to it.

Miller, R. "Additive Manufacturing (3d Printing): Past, Present and Future." Industrial Heating

Pittsburgh Then Troy. (2014): 39-43. Print.

This article covers a very broad range of fields that use additive manufacturing ( AM/ 3D

Printing). It talks about that additive manufacturing is and the different ways that it can

be done. Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM), and Selective

Laser Sintering(SLS) are the three main ways to additively manufacture something,

FDM being the most commonly used type by the general public. It tells us who created

the idea of additive manufacturing; a man named Charles Hull invented it in the 1980’s

and eventually founded a company called 3D Systems. The article then goes on to talk

about the present uses of the 3D Printers. It says that the two main companies in the 3D

Printing market are 3D Systems and Stratasys. The uses of AM have been seen in fields

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such as the automotive industry, the aeronautics industry, work in foundries

(molds/casts), and also in the aerospace industry. The article then talks about the future of

the industry and the theoretical applications such as entrepreneurship, use in combat

surgery, and even the possibility of someday using this technology to establish

settlements on other planets. The article points out that alliance’s with many companies

with sufficient funds will be needed in order to make these ideas possible. The article

talks about the importance of materials and how we gather them. Also it talks about the

development of newer stronger material polymers that are being created in order to

improve the quality of the parts printed. The article touches on the possible business uses

that could appear, such as being able to order custom products, as 3D Printing becomes

more widely used. Lastly the article warns about the ethical conflicts that can come with

this technology. This article was a general overview for anyone wanting to learn more

about 3D Printing. It was a reliable article written for “The International Journal of

Thermal Technology”. It was a very good source that gave specific details about many of

the polymers that were being developed, as well as in depth information on how AM is

used in the automotive industry. I will be using this source in my paper as well as a way

to find more in depth articles pertaining to more specific areas of use.

Noah,

I like your annotated bibliography and think you did a good job

picking sources. They fit with your topic, provided variety, and

your annotations explained them really well. I would however pick

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a more creative title or question or something. I think you could

get a little more specific than “how 3d printing is changing the way

we do things” because naturally the word “things” is pretty vague.

You’re off to a good start, just proof read your paper again for

some grammar mistakes and also shape up the format of the

citations/annotations and I’d say you’re good!

-Bethann