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Annual Progress Report National Plant Protection Centre
2011-2012
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 2
Table of Contents 1.0 CITRUS .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.0.1 HLB disease monitoring and detection survey .................................................................. 4
1.0.2 Study on transmission of HLB pathogen by Diaphorina communis Mathur (Black Psyllid)
..................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 GINGER ...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.0.1 Ginger rhizome rot solarization observation trial .............................................................. 4
3.0 CABBAGE ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0.1 Crucifer Club root survey ................................................................................................... 5
4.0 PADDY ....................................................................................................................................... 6
4.0.1 Weed diversity study in transplanted rice in Western Bhutan (Paro, Punakha and
Wangdue) .................................................................................................................................... 6
5.0 CHILLI CROP ............................................................................................................................... 7
5.0.1 Mass Trapping of Helicoverpa armigera (Chilli Pod Borer) using pheromone traps ......... 7
6.0 POTATO CROP ........................................................................................................................... 8
6.0.1 Field control trial of Red Ant, Dorylus orientalis Westwood (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)
using plastic barriers ................................................................................................................... 8
6.0.2 Field evaluation of Neem and Chlorpyrifos against Red ant ............................................. 8
6.0.3 White grub (WG) abundance and diversity study in potato through molecular marker
techniques ................................................................................................................................... 9
7.0 MANGO ................................................................................................................................... 10
7.0.1 Observation trial on mango Scale management using TSO, Lastraw and Dimethoate ... 10
8.0 REFERRAL COLLECTION ........................................................................................................... 11
8.0.1 Addition of insect specimens to the referral collection ................................................... 11
9.0 Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation ........................................................................................ 11
9.0.1 Demo-electric fencing sites in Mongar Dzongkhag ......................................................... 11
9.0.2 Demo-electric fencing in Haa Dzongkhag ........................................................................ 12
9.0.3 Demo-electric fencing in Trashigang Dzongkhag ............................................................. 13
9.0.4 Demo-electric fencing in Trashiyangtse Dzongkhag ........................................................ 13
10.0 Production of field identification guides for pest and disease of rice, maize and potato ... 14
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 3
11.0 Surveillance of stem rust in collaboration with Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW)
....................................................................................................................................................... 14
12.0 Trainings and awareness campaign ...................................................................................... 15
12.0.1 Clubroot disease awareness campaign at Naja Gewog, Paro ........................................ 15
12.0.2 Trainings ......................................................................................................................... 16
13.0 DIAGNOSTIC AND ADVISORY FIELD VISITS/LABORATORY ACTIVITIES .................................. 17
14.0 Plant protection products supply and distribution (2011-12) .............................................. 17
15.0 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................... 18
16.0 FINANCIAL REPORT ............................................................................................................... 19
17.0 Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 20
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 4
Annual Progress Report
National Plant Protection Centre 2011-12
Summary of activities
1.0 CITRUS
1.0.1 HLB disease monitoring and detection survey
About 140 citrus leaf samples tested for Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen from citrus growing
areas of Chukha, Pemagatshel and Wangdue Dzongkhag. Samples from Baychu in Wangdue
showed the highest positive HLB samples followed by Pemagatshel and Chukha.
Dzongkhag Positive Negative Total
Pema Gatshel 5 55 60
Chukha 1 59 60
Wangdue 17 3 20
Total 23 117 140
1.0.2 Study on transmission of HLB pathogen by Diaphorina communis Mathur (Black
Psyllid)
D. communis and the Asiatic citrus psyllid, D. citri , were collected from Lower Suntolay and near Changchay bridge under Tsirang dzongkhag in order to study and confirm the transmission of HLB pathogen by D. communis. As transmission of HLB pathogen by D. communis is not yet established, this study will be taken up as a Phd research topic by one of the NPPC staff . These insects will be reared in the NPPC rearing facility and concurrent studies on HLB pathogen transmission will be conducted through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests.
2.0 GINGER
2.0.1 Ginger rhizome rot solarization observation trial
Ginger rhizome rot is the most destructive disease of ginger which results in total loss of
affected clumps. The disease is soil-borne and the fungus multiplies with buildup of soil
moisture. The ginger rhizome rot soil solarization observation trial is being conducted at RDC
Bhur and in the farmer’s field in Dekiling geog under Sarpang Dzongkhag. The soil was
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 5
solarization for three months using thin (transparent) plastic sheets. In the treatment plot, the
ginger rhizomes were also treated with Bordeaux mixture for 30 minutes and shade dried
before planting. The trial is ongoing and based on the results this year it will be continued in the
next season.
3.0 CABBAGE
3.0.1 Crucifer Club root survey
The National Plant Protection Centre (NPPC) was requested by Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer of Paro Dzongkhag to investigate plant protection problems in cabbage in Naja geog. A team from NPPC visited the area and found out that the major problem associated with cabbage was the club root disease. Subsequent to this visit, the NPPC decided to conduct a preliminary survey to detect the presence of club root in Thimphu and Chukha Dzongkhags.
Clubroot is caused by a soil borne organism, Plasmodiophora brassicae. The organism is a member of the slime mold group and not a true fungus. It can live in the soil for many years as resting spores.
The survey area included Chang, Dagala, Mewang and Kawang geogs of Thimphu Dzongkhag, and Japchu, and Chapcha geogs in Chukha. Fields were identified through the respective extension agents prior to the field survey. Three different teams surveyed the preselected major growing areas in these two Dzongkhags. During the survey, fields with standing crops were visited to confirm the presence of the disease.
The survey findings showed that all fields in Hongtsho and Yusipang of Thimphu Dzongkhag had clubroot disease. Additionally, clubroot symptoms were observed in Badazam and Thangwom (Chamgang area) of Dagala geog, and Thongphotsawa (Kabesa area) of Kawang geog. However, clubroot was not observed in Silidraphu, Nyshophakha, Siluna of Mewang geog(Gemina areas).The results of the survey conducted in Chukha Dzongkhag. Clubroot was not observed in both Chapcha and Jabchu geogs of Chukha Dzongkhag.
Club root problem in Naja Geog
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 6
Alternaria leaf spot and aphid infestation were found to be very common in almost all fields. In Jabchu geog of Chukha, red ant infestation was reported by the farmers as one of the plant protection problems in crucifers, especially cabbage and cauliflower.
Results APPENDIX:1
4.0 PADDY
4.0.1 Weed diversity study in transplanted rice in Western Bhutan (Paro, Punakha
and Wangdue)
In Bhutan, weed management in rice is very poor. Butachlor is the only herbicide available and
used extensively to control weeds, which is supplemented by 2-3 hand weeding. Butachlor is a
pre-emergence herbicide which only controls grasses, but does not control broadleaves and
sedges. Further, repeated application of single herbicide for long time leads to weed shift and
development of herbicide resistance. This study was undertaken to investigate weed diversity
in transplanted rice system in western Bhutan. The aim of the study was to determine
dominant weed types present in rice where hand weeding and chemical are both applied. The
study can also help determine the type of herbicides that requires to be evaluated and
introduced. In total, 18 species have been found infesting transplanted rice. The broadleaves
dominate the rice fields followed by sedges and grasses indicating a possibility of weed shift as
a result of repeated use of single herbicide. The presence of grasses also indicates that they
may have developed resistance to butachlor and this warrants further investigation. A new
weed species, Blyxa aubertii , which dominantly infested transplanted rice fields in Paro and
Punakha was also recorded. It is a submersed aquatic weed with an annual life cycle. The study
is ongoing this season.
New weed, Blyxa aubertii, identified and recorded for the first time in transplanted rice
Weeds list, APPENDIX:2
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 7
5.0 CHILLI CROP
5.0.1 Mass Trapping of Helicoverpa armigera (Chilli Pod Borer) using pheromone
traps
Chilli pod borer mass trapping was carried out in Woku-Damchi village at Kabjesa geog, under
Punakha dzongkhag.. From Woku-Damchi village 50 chilli growing farmers were gathered were
briefed on the use and deployment of the pheromone traps, identification of the adult moth,
trap maintenance, and record keeping. This trial on the use of pheromone traps has been
ongoing since the last season and critical information on the biology of pest have been generated
which will assist in devising appropriate control strategies:
A) Adult male moths starts to emerge in the field in the third week of March B) The peak activity of
the adult male moths starts from the beginning of April and continues till mid May. C) The adult
male moth activity starts to decline from the end of May D) Egg laying commences from April and
declines after the third week of may. The pod borer control trial will be continued this season in
Punakha with incorporation of trap crops and NPV treatment. Chilli pod borer monitoring study
using pheromone traps will also be initiated this season in Trashiyangtse.
Moths trapped in the trap
Briefing on the use of pheromone
traps to the farmers
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 8
6.0 POTATO CROP
6.0.1 Field control trial of Red Ant, Dorylus orientalis Westwood (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) using plastic barriers
Red Ant has been a major pest in Potato in Bhutan for which appropriate management strategy is not available up till now. In order to devise appropriate control strategy a study using simple plastic barrier was evaluated in farmer’s field of Goshi geog, Dagapela dungkhag in collaboration with the Dzongkhag Agriculture, Dagana.
Simple plastic barrier have been shown to be very effective in controlling the Andean Potato
weevils, Premnotrypes suturicallu in the Andean regions. This technique employs simple plastic
sheet that is 50 cm high with 10 cm into the ground through which weevil migration into potato
fields are checked. If red ants do not nest within the fields and invade fields from outside, this
technique can potentially prevent ants from invading potato fields. The barrier was improvised
by applying a band of insecticide (chlorpyrifos) + sticky compound around the plastic barriers to
check ants climbing through the barriers. Further pitfall traps were placed inside, on the
periphery and of the fields to determine the appearances and presence or absence of ants
within the fields.
This trial however will be discontinued this season as alternate techniques which are easier to adopt in the field will be evaluated against this pest.
6.0.2 Field evaluation of Neem and Chlorpyrifos against Red ant
Efficacy of two products in controlling red ants were evaluated in the farmer’s field in Goshi
geog in Dagana. Potato field with previous history of red ant infestation were selected. The trial
was established in two farmers’ field with four replication each. The experimental plots were
Plastic sheet barrier against red ants
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 9
designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experimental plots were
randomly assigned with one of the four treatments: Neem Baan (3ml/l water), Neem baan
Neem Baan (5ml/l water),Chlorpyrifos (2ml/liter of water) and Control with no treatment. The
potato plants in the treatment blocks were drenched with approximately 100 ml of treatment
solution. The application was repeated after three weeks.
Sampling for red ant infestation was carried out during two periods, i.e. before treatment and
at tuber harvest. During harvest, potatoes were sampled for red ant infestation from both
treated and control plots. Further, potato tubers were sampled for tuber damage intensity. The
data has been collected and the trial will be repeated this season.
6.0.3 White grub (WG) abundance and diversity study in potato through molecular
marker techniques
The National Plant Protection Centre in collaboration with the National Potato Program (NPP)
with financial support from the Austrian Development Project (ADA) carried out a study on WG
species diversity and abundance.
White grub has recently been reported to be a major pest in potatoes in India and Nepal. In
Bhutan apart from sporadic attacks by this pest, it has not been reported to cause significant
damage. However, as the identity of these pests remains unknown, this study was designed to
determine the identity of the most abundant WG grub species that prevail in potato growing
areas in Bhutan. As WG takes numerous years to turn to an adult, determining the identity of
these species through the adult morphological characters is not possible. Hence, the identity of
the WG, collected from the field, will be determined through molecular marker techniques in
which the DNA of the WGs will be matched with the adult scarabid beetles(collected in the light
traps).
WG with damaged tubers
WG sampling
White grub infesting
potato
Light Trap installed in potato fields
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 10
The study was conducted in Kanglung and Khaling geog in Tashigang and three locations in
Chapcha geog under Chhukha district .WG larvae were collected from soil samples within a
potato field 1 day after harvest. In total, 25 potato fields were sampled and each of these fields
was sampled in 12 points, each point measuring 30x30x30 cm, for the presence of WG. Adult
scarab beetles were collected using light traps. Samples of adult scarabids and WG larvae have
been sent to University of Innsbruck, Austria where the identity of these specimens will be
determined.
7.0 MANGO
7.0.1 Observation trial on mango Scale management using TSO, Lastraw and
Dimethoate
In order to study the efficacy of three PP products against scale insects and sooty mould
development, three products (Lastraw, Tree Spray Oil and Dimethoate) were evaluated in
Sonagasa, Punakha on mango trees. Lastraw is an organic salt formulation specially formulated
concoction for control of all soft-bodied sucking pests such as mealy bugs, thrips, white flies,
mites, aphids, scale insects and plant hoppers.
These products were evaluated against its efficacy to control mango scale. In total 20 trees
were selected for the trial. Five trees were sprayed with one of these products with five trees
kept as control. Lastraw was sprayed @ 5m/ liter of water, at an interval of 7 days. TSO was
sprayed @30 ml/liter of water, only once while Dimethoate was sprayed @ 2ml/liter of water,
at an interval of two weeks (14 days).
Before Spray of TSO
After spray of TSO
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 11
The results indicate TSO to be effective in removing the sooty mould with no phytotoxic effect
observed on the trees. However, lastraw and dimethoate did not provide satisfactory scale
control. The study needs to be revalidated to determine the efficacy of these products.
8.0 REFERRAL COLLECTION
8.0.1 Addition of insect specimens to the referral collection
The entomology division updated the insect referral collection through field collection and
laboratory rearing in the centre. Specimens were pinned, labeled and added to the referral
collection: Insect list, APPENDIX:3
9.0 Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation
Measures to mitigate HWC have remained a priority in order to reduce losses due to wild life
crop depredation. In order to address this issue practically Mr Tshering Penjor, Dy. Chief
Research Officer, RDC -Wengkhar developed an affordable Electric Fencing System (EFS) with
the use of locally available resources. However, mass production of one of the component of
this EFS energizer was not possible and remained to be a major constraint. Therefore, NPPC
assisted in procuring cheap and affordable energizers from China. In collaboration, RDC-
Wengkhar and NPPC has successfully established demo-EFS in various Dzongkhags with the
following objectives:
I. To address safety and standard issues concerning the EFS
II. To showcase electric fencing system as a community based participatory approach in
successfully mitigating HWC and consequent losses to agriculture crops
III. To serve as demonstration sites where farmers from other regions will be trained in the
EFS
IV. To validate the effectiveness of the new energizers
9.0.1 Demo-electric fencing sites in Mongar Dzongkhag
a. Geog: Kengkhar
b. Location: Shajula (27°8’26.58”N, 91°16’53.64”E)
c. Fencing perimeter: 1.4 km
d. Area covered: 12 ac
e. Beneficiaries: 8 HHs
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 12
Shajula – demo-electric fencing site
9.0.2 Demo-electric fencing in Haa Dzongkhag
a. Geog: Katsho
b. Location: Katsho (27°23’36.75”N, 89°16’11.28”E)
c. Fencing perimeter: 4.6 km
d. Beneficiaries: 91 HHs
Katsho – demo-electric fencing site
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 13
9.0.3 Demo-electric fencing in Trashigang Dzongkhag
a. Geog: Kanglung
b. Location: Yongphu Pam (27°15’45.20”N, 91°29’43.38”E)
c. Fencing perimeter: 8 km
d. Area covered: 80 ac
e. Beneficiaries: 53 HHs
Yongphu Pam – demo-electric fencing site
9.0.4 Demo-electric fencing in Trashiyangtse Dzongkhag
a. Geog: Lechen
b. Location: Zadi
c. Fencing perimeter: 3 km
d. Area covered: 20 ac
e. Beneficiaries: 11 HHs
Preliminary reports of the demo –electric fencing
The effectiveness of EFS in protecting crops from wildlife damage is being validated. Since the
EFS was established 4 months ago, the actual field data is not yet available for analysis.
However, baseline information on the estimated yield loss and current production of crops has
been collected for future analysis and comparison. Informal feedback has been collected and
feedbacks from Haa Dzongkhag indicate that the EFS has been successful and has effectively
checked wildlife, such as wild pigs, from entering agricultural fields. Reports indicate that
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 14
farmers are no longer required to guard their crop at night. Feedbacks from rest of the
Dzongkhags are being compiled.
10.0 Production of field identification guides for pest and disease of rice, maize and
potato
One of the main difficulties faced by the extension agents in the field of plant protection is the
easy and accurate identification of a pest or a disease on a crop. Often yields are lost before a
pest or disease is identified and curative action could be initiated. In order to facilitate easy
identification of major pest and disease, pictorial field identification guides for pest and disease
of Rice, maize and potato were developed and published by NPPC for distribution to farmers
and extension agents.
11.0 Surveillance of stem rust in collaboration with Durable Rust Resistance in
Wheat (DRRW)
Cereal rust surveys were undertaken by the NPPC and RDC, Bajo, in collaboration with the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) project from 17th -21st April, 2012. Surveys were undertaken in the wheat/barley/oat growing areas of five Dzongkhag's in western Bhutan (Haa, Paro, Punakha, Gasa, Wangdi Phodrang). A total of 26 individual sites were visited, with several cereal fields surveyed for diseases at each location using standard BGRI survey methodology. Surveys were conducted in agricultural areas with bread wheat, barley and oats included in the survey. The primary focus of the surveys was to assess the status of cereal rusts in Bhutan and to monitor the potential spread of new virulent races of stem rust (Ug99 race lineage) into the South Asian region. The role of Berberis sp. as a potential alternate host for cereal rusts (stem and stripe rust) was also investigated. Berberis sp. bushes in close proximity to cereal crops and along the roadside were checked for aecial infections . No stem rust was observed at any of the survey sites visited. Stripe (yellow) rust was the most widespread cereal rust, being observed at 13 out of the 26 sites visited. Highest incidence and severity of stripe rust was observed in Punakha Dzongkhag. The commonly grown cultivar "Sonalika" was susceptible to stripe rust. Both bread wheat and barley were infected with stripe rust.
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 15
Leaf rust was observed at 11 out of the 26 sites visited. Berberis spp. was common in the survey areas. Berberis spp. infected with rust aecia were observed at three distinct locations – one location in southern Punakha (Omtekha village) and two locations in Paro (Shabdrujedingkha and Susuna) .
12.0 Trainings and awareness campaign
12.0.1 Clubroot disease awareness campaign at Naja Gewog, Paro
Clubroot disease outbreak on cabbage crops was confirmed by the plant protection team from NPPC on the 22nd of August, 2011. The presence of clubroot was confirmed in the following places namely Lingzhi, Bjomaykha, Omchakha, Wokolumpa under Naja Gewog and Sali under Dogar Gewog.
To address this, a training and awareness campaign was conducted to the farmers of Naja and
Dogar Gewogs, Paro on the significance and management of club root disease on the brassica
crops. The training and awareness campaign was held in Naja Gewog centre on 18th of August
2011 with a total of 66 farmers attending the training.
Field survey on stem rust
Strip rust
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 16
12.0.2 Trainings
The NPPC organized and completed 5 plant protection training programs for the EAs and
farmers. In total 96 EAs, 2 RAs and 118 farmers were trained.
Slno. Training Topic Target Dzongkhags
Training venue/ date Total no. of people trained
1 Training on pest surveillance
Tsirang, Wangdue, Chhukha, Punakha, Paro and Dagana dzongkhags
Lobesa, 26th – 30th September, 2011
34 Eas
2 Training on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Rice
Sarpang, Samdrupjonkhar , Samtse
RDC Bhur, 18th – 20th of October,2011
25 Eas,2 Research asst.
3 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rice, citrus, vegetables, cardamom, ginger and weed management
Chukha and Samtse
Phuentsholing, 20 – 23 March 2012
22 Eas
4 Training on pest surveillance and IPM on apple, rice and vegetables
Haa,Paro and Thimphu
AMC Paro,29th -31st May 2012
15Eas
5 Awareness training on Integrated Pest Management of Citrus and Cardamom
Chukha
Dzongkhag Phuentsholing and
Gelling Gewog, 21st 22
November 2011
118 Farmers
Grand Total 96 EAs 2 RAs 118 Farmers
EAs training Farmers training
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 17
13.0 DIAGNOSTIC AND ADVISORY FIELD VISITS/LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
The NPPC carries out regular advisory field visits based on requests from farmers, extension,
research centers or agencies in relation to plant protection. Advisory services are also provided
for farmers and Extension personnel visiting the center with or without samples. Ad hoc
request for provision of training, lecture or participation in workshops, seminars, or meetings
are also entertained based on the relevance and time available. Laboratory diagnostic services
are provided regularly by all the 3 divisions.
14.0 Plant protection products supply and distribution (2011-12)
Sl.
No.
Particulars Quantity
Indented
(Kg or L)
Quantity
Supplied
(Kg or L)
Value (Nu.) Comments
1 Insecticides 3160.00 3645.90 717,202.00 Dzongkhags lift
less than they
actually indent
as actual
requirement
can only be
confirmed after
tendering and
price fixation
and upon cash
payment by
farmers
2 Fungicides 2610.00 2858.20 1,210,873.00
3 Herbicides 2400.00 3781.60 3,177,556.00
4 Rodenticides 55.00 40.49 38,956.00
5 Acaricides 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Others – non-toxic 10870.00 10813.00 1,124,552.00
Total Amount (Kg or L) 19,095.00 21,139.24 6,269,139.00
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 18
15.0 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Trainings undertaken by NPPC staff:
1. A team, comprising of NPPC staff and extension agents, was trained on of pest
surveillance in Bangkok, Thailand under the Agriculture Cooperation Framework
between Thailand and Bhutan- 19th February- 7th march, 2012
2. One staff undertook training on disease free citrus nursery management and mother
tree propagation- Bangkok, Thailand- 26th April -3rd May, 2012
3. Four staff completed the training on bio control rearing and mass production
techniques-Banglore, India-April 30-15th May,2012
4. Three staff were trained on office management in CMI, Phuntsholing- 15th -30th
April,2012
5. One staff is being trained on post harvest disinfestations techniques for fruit flies,
funded by JICA-Okinowa, Japan May-18th –August 30th 2012
6. Five staff were trained on Project management and e-governance ( Chiphen Riphen) in
RIM, Semtokha.
Meetings/Seminars/Workshops/Study tours attended by NPPC staff
Three staff attended the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) meeting in Nepal in
September, 2012 for S-Asia funded and organized by Cornell University, USA.
One staff undertook an institutional visit to Australia from 11th-26th May,2012
Two staff attended the Austrian Development Agency(ADA) project review and planning
meeting in Nepal-March,2012
One staff attended a collaborative research work on wheat rust surveillance, data
collection and monitoring-Conducted in India- from 25th February- 10th March, 2012
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 19
16.0 FINANCIAL REPORT
Financial progress of the NPPC (2011-2012)
Description
Spent Amount (Nu. In Million)
RgoB
Current 9.027
Capital 0.854
Sub-total (A) 9.881
DRDP
Current 0.058
Capital 1.385
Sub-total (B) 1.443
KRII
Current 0.400
Capital 1.402
Sub-total 1.802
Grand total (A+B+C) 13.126
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 20
17.0 Appendices
Appendix 1: Results of the club root survey in Thimphu and Chhukha dzongkhag Thimphu Dzongkhag
Geog Village Clubroot presence
Yes/No
Chang Hongtsho Yes
Chang Yusipang Yes
Dagala Badazam Yes
Dagala Thangwom Yes
Dagala Thanggom No
Kawang Kuchuchan No
Kawang Begana No
Kawang Thongphotsawa Yes
Mewang Silidraphu No
Mewang Nyshophakha No
Mewang Siluna No
Chukha Dzongkhag
Geog Village Clubroot presence
Yes/No
Jabchu Jabchu No
Jabchu Tsimakha No
Chapcha Chapcha No
Chapcha Rimtokha No
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 21
Appendix 2: Weeds diversity survey: Dominant weeds recorded and identified in transplanted
rice in Paro,Punakha and Wangdue
Scientific name Family Type
Potamogeton
distinctus
Potamogetonaceae Broadleaf
Blyxa aubertii Hydrocharitaceae Broadleaf
Monochoria vaginalis Pontederiaceae Broadleaf
Alternanthera sissilis Amaranthaceae Broadleaf
Acmella uliginosa Asteraceae Broadleaf
Bidens tripartita Asteraceae Broadleaf
Commelina diffusa Commelinaceae Broadleaf
Rotala densiflora Lythraceae Broadleaf
Scripus juncoides Cyperaceae Sedge
Cyperus difformis Cyperaceae Sedge
Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Sedge
Fimbristylis littoralis Cyperaceae Sedge
Fimbristylis aestivalis Cyperaceae Sedge
Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Sedge
Paspalum distichum Grammineae Grass
Echinochloa spp Grammineae Grass
Cynodon dactylon Grammineae Grass
Anthraxon
quartinianus
Grammineae Grass
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 22
Appendix 3: Insect specimens collected and added to the referral collection in NPPC
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Green Plant Hopper Nephotettix spp. 30
Green Horned Caterpillar Melantis leda ismene 10
Gall midge Orseolia oryzae 20
Short- horned grass hopper Oxya spp.? 10
Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens 20
Southern green stink bug Nezara viridula? 15
Chilli pod borer Helicoverpa armigera 20
Fruit fly (Dolay chilli) unidentified 10
Fruit fly (Slippers Guard) unidentified 100
Beetle (weeping willow) unidentified 20
Green Apple Weevil Hyperstylus sp. 10
Apple beetle Cleorina sp. 25
Two-spotted Apple Beetle Microserica sp. 5
Butterfly (Dogwood) unidentified 50
Apple fruit beetle Protaetia neglecta 5
Apple fruit beetle Popillia pilicollis 5
Spiders unidentified 10
Bugs unidentified 10
Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri 15 Citrus Psyllid D. communis 50
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 23
Appendix 4: Work Plan NPPC 2011-12
Activity & subactivities Time frame (indicate your start and end date within the specific quarter)
Budget code & amount
Funding source
Remarks
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Subactivity001: Field trial on chill pod borer control and monitoring using pheromone traps
March 2012
June 2012
Subactivity002: Psyllid detection survey
March 2012
Subactivity003:Trial on control of sucking pest in citrus using TSO and biopesticide
February 2012
Subactivity004 Red ant control trial
April 2011 July 2011 This is carried over from the previous year (2010-2011)
Subactivity005 Update and develop the national referral insect collection for Citrus & Apple
March 2012
June 2012
Subactivity006 Distribute and evaluate the effectiveness of modified silo bins for seed storage
October 2011
June 2012
Subactivity 007:Ginger rhizome rot management using soil solarization
Start: December 2011
End: June 2012
This activity will carry over to the next FYP
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 24
Subactivity 008: Continuation of ginger rhizome rot using fungicide
End: Dec 2011
This is carried over from the previous year (2010-2011)
Subactivity 009: Citrus HLB detection and monitoring survey
Sept 2011 End: June 2012
Subactivity 0010 club root management trial using lime
February 2012
June 2012
Sub-activity 0011: Delimiting survey on Club root disease
September 2011
Sub-activity0012: Weed succession study Jun 2011 Nov 2011
RGoB
This is carried over from the previous year
Sub-activity 0013: Invasive alien weed survey and mapping
April 2012
This is carried over from the previous year
Sub-activity 0014: Stale seedbed technique for shochum control
Apr 2012 0.005 RGoB This is carried over from the previous year
Sub-activity 0015 Pilot study evaluating solar electric fencing and sound repellent system in reducing wildlife crop depredation
July 2011 June 2012
0.900 MAGIP
Subactivity 0016: Local TA for setting and upgrading the database and use of e-
October 2011
June 2012
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 25
pest surveillance devices.
Sub activity0017: System analysis, negotiation and customization of ePest surveillance system
July 2011 October 2011
Subactivity 0018 Farmers training and awareness workshop on club root
September 2011
Subactivity 0019 Training of extension agents for the western region on IPM for major commodities
March 2011
Subactivity 0020 Pest surveillance training in rice, citrus, maize and potato for extension agents of Chhukha, Wangdue, Paro, Tsirang, Dagana
September 2011
May 2012
Subactivity 0021 Plant protection impact assessment survey for major commodities
September 2011
February 2012
Subactivity 0022 NPPC Human resource development activities
July 2011 June 2012
Subactivity 001 Advisory and diagnostic field visits
July 2011 June 2012
Subactivity 002 October June 2012
NPPC Annual Report 2011-12 Page 26
Construction of PP product store
2011
Sub-activity 003 Procurement of furniture, lab equipment, general tools, computers and accessories
August 2011
December 2011
Subactivity001 Procurement and distribution of Plant Protection products
July 2011 June 2012