Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources: Bekoff, Marc, and Dale Peterson. The Jane Effect: Celebrating Jane Goodall. San Antonio:

Trinity UP, 2015. Print. The Jane Effect was written by editors and friends of Goodall, Marc Bekoff and Dale Peterson. This book includes more than 100 testimonies from Jane Goodall’s friends, colleagues and fans all thanking her for her incredible devotion as a scientist, teacher, role model and activist. These testimonies exemplify the incredible mark that Jane has left on the world and she continues to inspire people to this day. Not only has she changed the way we see chimpanzees, she has also inspired countless individuals to admire and respect the natural world, and to pursue their dreams. The majority of the testimonies say how they were changed in a substantial way because of the inspiration and courage that Goodall has given to them. This also shows Goodall’s character; her kindness, courage, gentle nature and wisdom. Her warmth and kindness is unmeasured and this book exemplifies how each individual becomes improved in some way once Goodall comes into their life.

"Called `Trimates,' Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field." Science 260 (1993): 420. Science

Magazine Organization. Web. 24 Oct. 2015. Known as the “‘Trimates,’ the founding mothers of contemporary primatology” Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and and Birute Galdikas were three female primatologists Louis Leakey, a revolutionary paleoanthropologist and archaeologist, picked to study primates. The article opens with the story of Melissa Remis, a doctoral candidate at Yale University who had just come back from a 3­year study of lowland gorillas in the Central African Republic. She faced many terrifying moments, yet she explains, “I knew that I could do it because Jane and Dian had done it before it. Without them, I don’t think I ever would have dreamed this big.” People go onto say that two decades later from the 1970’s, the primatology field more than 50% women. Initially, these women’s discoveries were dismissed, but eventually people acknowledged that their methods as women resulted in groundbreaking discoveries. Some even believe only women could have made these discoveries, as Leakey believed that women’s empathy, patience, and perceptiveness were stronger than men, thus making them better observers. As said in Goodall’s In the Shadow of Man, he “wanted someone with a mind uncluttered and unbiased by theory, who would make the study for no other reason for than a real desire for knowledge.” Today, people can assume the individual personalities of primates because of these three women’s passionate, unique studies that transcended conformed science.

Carmichael, Leonard. Henry Wieghorst Nissen: 1901­1958. Washington D.C.: National

Academy of Sciences, 1965. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. Written by biographer, Leonard Carmichael in 1965, this biographical memoir celebrates the life of primatologist, Henry Wieghorst Nissen. In this memoir, Carmichael explores

the accomplishments in the life of Nissen as the most famous primatologist of the time. At the time, he was the only man to have a long and intimate relationship with chimpanzees. He held a naturalistic observation in Africa and explored the behavior of these unknown creatures. This is important in our research because it is an authoritative point of comparison. Goodall and Nissen were both revolutionary primatologists of their time and dedicated their studies to a lengthy observation of chimpanzees. However, these days not many people have heard of Henry Nissen. This is because he did not make nearly the amount of discoveries that Goodall did. There were no major discoveries from Nissen’s studies and his study was not nearly as longitudinal as Goodall’s. Nissen did not even study his chimpanzees in their natural habitat. After his trip to Africa, he brought chimpanzees back to live a life in a laboratory. Additionally, his personality was not quite as stand out as Goodall’s lovable and quirky nature. Nissen was an important figure in primatology, but is nowhere near Goodall’s status.

Goodall, Jane, and Dale Peterson. Africa in My Blood: The Early Years. New York: Houghton

Mifflin, 2000. Print. An autobiography primarily comprised of letters written by Jane Goodall herself, this book explores the life of Jane Goodall ranging from her childhood to her time in Gombe. Dale Peterson, a close friend of Jane Goodall, wrote this prestigious book to encapsulate the life and legacy of her studies and show the public who she is as a person. The letters share Goodall's studies with her colleagues and family members. Through these letters, which range from 1942­1976, we could feel Goodall's passion with her work with the chimpanzees. Goodall writes of her first days in Africa with excitement, and later tells of her discoveries such as when she first saw a chimpanzee eat meat. These sources are vital to our research as we can see Goodall's perspective of her discoveries in the process of her exploratory journey. We also see Goodall's letters to her colleagues regarding her encounters with them in the world of science. This shows the struggle she went through in order to make her studies notable to the world. Through these letters, a story is told of her relationships with both the people in her life and the chimpanzees which changed her whole world.

Goodall, Jane, and Dale Peterson. Beyond Innocence: An Autobiography in Letters. New York:

Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Print. This narrative is comprised predominantly of letters from Goodall's later years as she triumphs into adulthood. The second volume of Dale Peterson's collection, who is a close friend and fellow primatologist, explores the successes and tragedies of Jane Goodall's adult life. Written in letters, Goodall explores some of her most remarkable discoveries, such as war and murder among chimpanzees. In these letters she expresses her deepest sorrows when her chimpanzee companions pass on. This shows how eccentric of a scientist she is for mourning over her subjects. In Goodall's older years, she goes through many tragedies such as divorce and death of loved ones. Although these tragedies occurred, she was able to use these feelings of anger and sadness in her work to fight for the rights of chimpanzees. When she saw an American laboratory unjustly inject a chimpanzee with an experimental HIV vaccine, she made it her mission to help chimpanzees in captivity and preserve the habitats of wild chimpanzees. Her tragedies,

such as the horrendous death of her partner, Derek, made her more dedicated to the protection of chimpanzees. Goodall is truly a remarkable explorer and scientists because even after 50 years of research, she is still dedicated to the cause that sparked her legacy.

Goodall, Jane, and Marc Bekoff. The Ten Trusts: What We Must Do to Care for the Animals We

Love. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2002. Print. The world renowned primatologist and activist, Jane Goodall, teams up with behavioral scientist Marc Bekoff to educate the public on the importance of maintaining a good relationship with animals. They argue that people must respect the ten trusts of the planet and we can thus live in harmony with animals. Goodall and Bekoff hope for a world where human hatred and evils are turned into human compassion and love for all living creatures. In this book, we discover Goodall’s true compassion towards animals and the incredible efforts she puts towards conservation. Goodall’s exploration of the ten trusts we must have towards animals shows us her kindness to all creatures of earth which makes her such an eccentric woman. No other scientists would put this much effort to ensure the wellbeing of animals. Especially because scientists should come from an objective standpoint, she defied these standards and spoke of her beliefs.

Goodall, Jane. "The Chimpanzees of Gombe." United States of America: President and Fellows

of Harvard College, 1986. Print. This in­depth study on the chimpanzees of Gombe synthesizes all of Jane Goodall's research and observation. This book on the patterns of behavior of chimpanzees is comprised of research papers, statistics of the chimpanzees, in­depth observations and explanations of Jane Goodall's research. This primary source is essential for our research because it goes in specific detail about her exploration, discoveries and significance of the studies. This exploration of the chimpanzees at Gombe is the longest field study of any animal. In the book, the relationships, communication, dominance, aggression and all other aspects of chimpanzees are covered by the expertise of Jane Goodall. Her methods of observation are so humane and unique at the time of publishing that all audiences, even those uninterested in science, were compelled by this incredible story. Her courageous journey into the Gombe forests sparked a scientific movement of primatology and currently the previously unknown chimpanzee is now famous to the world. Her discoveries can be acknowledged by all people through her maps, data tables, charts and pictures. This synthesis of Goodall's research is a groundbreaking piece of scientific data that changed the scientific world. It is vital in understanding her explorations and encounters with the chimps.

Goodall, Jane. “Fifi Fights Back” National Geographic Magazine. April 2003: 1­3. The Jane

Goodall Archives. National Geographic Magazine. Web. 07 Oct. 2015. Written in 2003, over 40 years since the start of Goodall’s conquest into Gombe, the pioneering primatologist reflects on her exploration and the chimpanzees she dedicated her life too. She highlights how far research has come on the study of chimpanzees. Before her exploration, chimpanzees were thought of as simple friendly creatures. Thanks to Goodall’s research, we now know that chimpanzees are powerful, highly

emotional and intelligent beings. She speaks of her methods of research and her reasons for giving empathy to the chimpanzees. She believed by showing them compassion and seeing them as more than just scientific subjects would help show how intelligent they truly are. She claims that even though people saw her as insane and had many prejudices towards her, she doesn’t regret any of it. This shows Goodall’s integrity in her beliefs and her commitment as an explorer. Most importantly, Goodall expresses her love of the chimpanzees. She speaks of David Greybeards death and how much it affected her. Goodall loves all the chimpanzees and wishes she could go back to the forests of Gombe. She speaks of Fifi, a chimpanzee Goodall has known since Fifi was a newborn, and how proud she is to see Fifi have a family of her own. Goodall’s dedication and love for all of the chimpanzees is truly admirable and shows how passionate she is about her work even after 40 years.

Goodall, Jane. In the Shadow of Man. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971. Print. One of Jane Goodall’s first books, In the Shadow of Man tells the story of her exploration of chimpanzees and covers her revolutionary encounters that changed human's’ understanding of their closest relatives through her own eyes. Goodall puts forth her in­depth, dynamic observations, offers meaningful photographs exhibiting newly discovered behaviours and talents of chimpanzees, and ultimately concludes with a powerful message about humans overshadowing chimpanzees and their inhumanity towards them. She admits that humans will always overshadow chimpanzees, as chimpanzees will dominate other animals. Yet, she acknowledges that chimpanzees harbor the power to continue thriving as a complex, admirable species, as she asks “Who knows what the chimpanzees will be like forty years hence?” (Goodall 252). Thus, she says it is up to humans to give them the space and freedom to live their lives so they can evolve. As she reminisces about the first time the gentle David Graybeard, a chimpanzee who had never tasted captivity, trusted her and made contact with her, she urges people to combat horrid conditions in zoos and emphasizes that the humanity of chimpanzees and wild nature of them must be preserved. Additionally, besides her most well known discoveries on chimpanzees’ abilities to make and use tools, social structure, development, self­awareness, facial expressions and calls, diets, her thoughtful connections on the striking parallels between humans and chimpanzees are what makes her work unique and revolutionary. Her drive to observe and not overlook even the smallest details, such as orphaned chimpanzees, showcases her willful passion and fortitude to the world. Thus, it is clear her longitudinal study and exploration of chimpanzees has brought awareness to crucial problems humans have tried to ignore before. This awareness has spread and grown in a way that is still prominent in our world today through the growth of animal rights movements and the Jane Goodall Institute.

Goodall, Jane. "Jane Asks Congressional Leadership to Fix CHIMP Act." Letter to Majority Leader Reid, Minority Leader McConnell, Speaker Boehner and Minority Leader Pelosi. 15 Oct. 2013. The Jane Goodall Institute. Africa Programs, 16 Oct. 2013. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

In a letter to the U.S. Congress leadership team, Jane Goodall formally and politely asks of them to fix a problem regarding the chimpanzees. In June 2013, the U.S. National Institutes of Health agreed to free all of their chimpanzees from research except 50. They were already being freed when a provision of law threatened to send the chimpanzees back to the laboratory. Goodall kindly yet authoritatively asked for this issue to be resolved. She requests that the process of relocating the chimpanzees be continued despite the threatening of putting them back. In her letter, she uses both reason, the fact that it is more costly to have chimpanzees in laboratories than in sanctuaries for example, and her own personal beliefs that the use of chimpanzees is cruel and inhumane, to back up her argument. This is an example of the many encounter Goodall has over the years with the law in order to protect chimpanzees. Her commitment to the beautiful species shows her integrity and caring nature towards the chimpanzees.

Goodall, Jane. "Life and Death at Gombe." National Geographic Magazine. May 1979: 1­14.

The Jane Goodall Archives. National Geographic Magazine. Web. 04 Oct. 2015. From the collection of The Jane Goodall Archives, this article written by Jane Goodall explores Goodall’s remarkable discovery of war breaking out between two different groups of chimpanzees at Gombe. Even after twenty years of Jane Goodall’s observations of Gombe, there are still new things being discovered and she continues to dedicate her life to them because of their complex brain and the close personal relationships she has with each chimpanzee. Before Goodall, no other scientist would have thought that there are such individual personalities in a nonhuman creature. She continues to stay because each chimpanzee differs immensely and it is necessary to have long term studies of each chimpanzee. Goodall explains the vast similarities between chimpanzees and humans, including their facial expressions, gestures of kindness and love, and even their developmental process. Among the remarkable similarities, there are also uncanny parallels in violence and aggression. The most common reasons for violence are competition for status, defending of family and venting of anger. Goodall observes how in the past at Gombe, this aggression was merely a quick spat, but at the time of 1979, the group at Gombe began to see that the fights between chimpanzees resulted in extreme brutality and occasionally death. This discovery was groundbreaking because of the fact that no other species of animals had seen “wars” between different groups of animals. This is extremely similar to humans thus proving the incredible parallels between the behaviors of chimpanzees and humans. Goodall yet again reveals another incredible discovery about chimpanzees through her explorations into Gombe.

Goodall, Jane. "My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees." National Geographic Magazine Aug.

1963: 1­28. The Jane Goodall Archives. National Geographic Magazine. Web. 04 Oct. 2015. Written in 1963 by Jane Goodall herself, this article from a collection of archives by National Geographic Magazine highlights her adventure and exploration into Gombe. She explains to the public what it is like to live with chimpanzees everyday and why she dedicated her life to these creatures. This primary source is extremely important because these publishings from National Geographic back in the 1960’s made Goodall known to the public as an innovative scientist. Her interesting exploration into the unknown world

of Gombe was noticed by the world because of the uniqueness of exploration and the scientific discoveries she has found in her life among the chimpanzees. In this article, Goodall emphasizes the incredible creatures these chimpanzees are and how different the majestic apes in the wild are from those in captivity. She explains her groundbreaking journey into accepting the approval of the chimpanzees in her exploration and how much patience it took of her in gaining their trust. Goodall writes of how blessed she is to observe the behaviors of chimpanzees that no one had ever seen before. She recounts how she saw one of the chimpanzees kill an animal as large as a bushbuck. This was something no other scientist would have dreamed would happen. Thanks to Goodall’s exploration, the world now has knowledge on the secret world of chimpanzees that would have been forgotten without Goodall’s courage and dedication.

Goodall, Jane. “New Discoveries Among Africa’s Chimpanzees” National Geographic

Magazine. Dec. 1965: 1­15. The Jane Goodall Archives. National Geographic Magazine. Web. 06 Oct. 2015. In this scholarly article written by the one and only Jane Goodall, she reports on her findings at Gombe. This includes her discoveries of the new tools and toys her chimpanzee companions are using. Goodall explains her exploration into Gombe and why she decided to commit her life to these chimpanzees. When first gaining the trust of David Greybeard, other chimpanzees accepted her. By observing these chimpanzees, she came to the conclusion that all of the chimpanzees had their own unique personalities. This is when she knew how special the chimpanzees of Gombe were and she couldn’t leave a tribe with such incredible diversity. She recalls her discoveries on the similarities between human communication and chimpanzee communication. For example, chimpanzees interact with their newborns very similar to humans, have almost identical facial expressions and showing affection in ways such as hugs. In this article, Goodall records her findings in ways very different to normal scientists. Rather than give her chimpanzees numbers, she shows their true personality and centers on the development and emotional growth on the chimpanzees. This shows Goodall’s true eccentricity by showing and empathizing with the emotions of her subjects. This was unheard of by other scientists who study animals.

Goodall, Jane, and Phillip L. Berman. Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey. New York, NY:

Warner, 1999. Print. In this pensive memoir, Jane Goodall reflects on how her revolutionary exploration of Gombe’s chimpanzees and life experiences have became entwined with her spirituality and worldview. Many have asked how she can be so peaceful, how she can hold onto hope despite the painful reality of human suffering and evil, so optimistic despite the hardships she has faced. She answers these people in an honest, open tone, talking about how she, who is religious despite the stereotype of scientists being logical rather than intuitive and spiritual, has questioned the existence of God in many instances. She has faced the slow and difficult death of her beloved husband, a near­death plane crash, a kidnapping and ransom of four of her students. She used to believe chimpanzees were “nicer” than humans prior to discovering their cannibalistic and war­like behaviour, where she was forced to come to terms with the darkness of chimpanzees. Yet, she has

maintained faith and direction through the belief that humans and animals can be just as good as they can be evil. Because of her observations on chimpanzees aggression, Goodall was criticized and thrown into the harsh realms of the politics behind science. There were political and social reasons not to publish her results, although her personal intention was to observe what she felt passionate about and introduce this to the world. Yet, people said her results were invalid, and at a conference regarding nature and nurture she was shocked to hear many respected scientists arguing that all aggression is learned. Yet, people also wanted to use nature as an excuse, pardoning evil with the idea that it is embedded in human genes­ Goodall agrees with this idea. She acknowledges that humans, unlike animals, have the capability to transcend their primitive instincts, although it is not always something good. Her findings have contributed greatly to this debate and traced the roots of human evil, something that everybody relates to.

Goodall, Jane. The Chimpanzees I Love: Saving Their World and Ours. New York: Scholastic,

2001. Print. Written for younger audiences, this book by Jane Goodall highlights the obstacles as well as the first­time breakthroughs of her exploration of Gombe’s chimpanzees. As she passes on the crucial knowledge she accumulated on her journey to new generations, it is clear her findings represent a universal message about humanity and hope that people of all ages can cherish. She explains her groundbreaking discoveries on chimpanzee tool making, diets, family and societal structure, emotions, trust, communication, and more. Not only has Goodall opened the eyes of the scientific community, she has opened the eyes of everyone who once held misconceptions about animals. For instance, she proved that humans are not the only species to make tools and go to war. Furthermore, before her observations, people through chimpanzees were vegetarians; today, given her discoveries, it is a well­known fact that they are omnivores. She also sparked the movement of humanizing animals by giving them real names rather than numbers­ so today, most biologists name the animals they study. Hence, her explorations and encounters with chimpanzees brought national attentions to the overlooked qualities of animals, and pushed humans to understand themselves in new ways with Goodall’s offered understanding of animal behaviours.

Hilgard, Ernest R. Robert Mearns Yerkes 1876—1956. Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1965. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. In this biographical memoir written by Ernest R. Hilgard of the National Academy of Sciences, the life of famous psychologist, Robert Yerkes is encaptured. Robert Yerkes was an American psychologist that used the approach of behaviorism. He studied the behaviors of chimpanzees in order to better understand the biological aspects of human psychology in the early 1900’s. He later went on to create Yerkes Laboratory of Primate Biology. At this time, nonhuman primates were used solely to better understand humans. It was not a scientific norm study animals to understand the species and it was certainly not accepted in the realms of science to treat animals as individuals. This is an essential point of comparison between Jane Goodall and other scientists at the time, such as Yerkes. Although Yerkes was famous in the early 1900’s, his studies were the vast

majority of known facts of chimpanzees. Goodall went beyond studying chimps in laboratories and ventured into the wild to explore and respect these majestic simians.

“Jane Goodall Interview: The Great Conservationist.” Interview. Academy of Achievement. 20

Aug 2009. Web. 28 September 2015. An in­depth interview conducted in 2009, this mesmerizing talk with Jane Goodall herself reveals personal, distinctive anecdotes and beliefs Goodall has held onto from her childhood to this day. The heartwarming, honest stories she shared shed light upon how her mother was a constant source of inspiration and support as her affectionate fascination for animals developed. Also, her own words truly depict the emotions behind the obstacles of kickstarting her long awaited exploration of Africa's chimpanzees, the struggle of gaining the chimpanzees' trust and confidence, witnessing scientific breakthroughs, and facing narrow­minded critics and prejudice. Above all, this interview highlighted her journey as a scientist and activist; her revolutionary findings have ultimately pushed humans to acknowledge the humanity and complexity chimpanzees and all animals harbor, as well as the power of ambition and passion in women. Her encounters with chimpanzees and prejudice began a chain reaction that would change the world forever­ wildlife sanctuaries and wildlife were build, and awareness and questioning of animal testing was raised immensely due to her influence. Her aura of magnanimity, groundedness and hope throughout the entire interview assured readers of her will to transform the world's perception of animals and modern science.

Kleeman, Rita Halle. “The College Girl Goes to War.” Independent Women. January 1943.

Written by credible journalist Rita Halle Kleeman at the time of World War II, this newspaper article describes the newfound calling by the government for college girls to join the war effort in order to fill the jobs that were abandoned by men. This included the training of women for scientific jobs. Although the government had low expectations for these women, many women proved themselves as notable scientists. This was a time in which women had the opportunity to prove their worth. This is an essential document in our research because although women were not seen as equals, this was the first time they had the opportunity to prove themselves and have training in the realms of science. At the time of Jane Goodall, some women had training in science and proved themselves as credible scientists, but women who pursued scientific careers and defied the norm were seen as foolish. This is the precursor to women encountering the scientific patriarchy that Goodall, among many other women scientists, pioneered.

Peterson, Dale. "Jane Goodall Interview." Telephone interview. 20 Oct. 2015. In our 40­minute telephone interview with Dale Peterson, a Stanford PhD graduate in English Literature and a close friend of Jane Goodall’s who has co­written many of her well­known books with her, we were able to learn facts about Goodall that websites and books could not simply give us. According to the American Scientist Organization, Jane Goodall said, “Dale Peterson knows me better than I know myself.” As someone who has personally known Goodall for over 20 years, he was able to tell us about her personality and unique quirks, such as her

irrational fear of leopards and shocking physical stamina. He shed light on how if Jane had not been around to explore Gombe’s chimpanzees, other people may have eventually­ but not in the revolutionary way Goodall, a woman of unorthodox ways, did it. Many people have done quick studies of primates, returned to society, and wrote about their findings. Yet, Jane’s study was longitudinal. She was not just looking for scientific evidence, but for humanity. Her eccentrism transcended science that only told humans about their own species­ she went on to change our views on animals and the way we treat them. As a woman, she inspired countless people such as Dale Peterson himself, who became a vegetarian due to her influence, and transformed primatology. Prior to her rise to fame, most people did not know much about primates. Yet, given the hype around evolutionary science at that particular time, it cultivated the optimal environment for Goodall to begin her revolutionary journey.

Records of the Engineering, Science, and Management (ESMWT) Program, Section 12.5.7, Records of the Office of Education, The National Archives. From the Record of the Office of Education in the National Archives regarding the approval of the ESMWT Program, this bill passed on October 9, 1940 allowed for intensive training of college students to fill the shortage of jobs in engineering, science and management. Because of the urgent situation, the bill stated that “no trainee shall be discriminated because of sex, race or color.” Although there was still lots of prejudice towards women, this was revolutionary in the fact that women got a fair chance to test their abilities. While the government did not expect much of women, many women gained much credibility from this training. Some women even went on to help with the Manhattan Project. This was a key bill that catalyzed the exploration of women’s abilities. The article is necessary in our research in that it was the first time women were given fair opportunity in science. At the time of Jane Goodall, many women had scientific backgrounds but were still not seen as credible because of preconceived gender prejudice. Goodall was a scientist who combatted this prejudice and fueled the feminist movement.

Stanford, Craig. “Jane Goodall and Primatology Interview.” Telephone Interview. 7 Nov. 2015 Professor Craig Stanford of University of South California received his Ph.D from the University of California, Berkeley in primatology and anthropological biology. He is currently Professor of Biological Studies and Anthropology at the University of Southern California and also is Co­Director of the U.S.C. Jane Goodall Research Center. Stanford has conducted many field studies of chimpanzees and even worked with Jane Goodall herself in the 1990’s while studying eating behaviors. In our 15­minute telephone interview, Stanford describes the incredible opportunity of working with her. Stanford speaks of her devotion to the field of primatology and how she was the first primatologist to conduct a longitudinal study for many many years. Additionally, she was a stand out scientist because she devoted herself to conservatism showing her true dedication to the

animals, particularly chimpanzees, and the natural world. Stanford emphasizes the incredible influence Goodall has had on women. He recounts many women speaking of their desire to pursue careers in science because of Jane Goodall. Because she was a woman who became famous through science in a time of male dominance, she serves as a role model that teaches girls that they can do whatever they desire. Stanford also speaks of Goodall’s eccentric technique of giving names to the animals she studies. Because of Goodall, no other science would question the fact that these animals had personalities. During her time, this was highly criticized. Yet once Goodall’s credibility was proved, her attempt to challenge the scientific patriarchy was rethought. Ever since primatologists and zoologists have treated animals with individual personalities rather than collective species.

Secondary Sources: Blum, Deborah. "The Primatologist." The New York Times. The New York Times, 25 Nov.

2006. Web. 29 Sept. 2015. The author of this article, Deborah Blum, is a highly respected journalist of The New York Times because of her 1992 Pulitzer Prize award for her reporting on primate research. Blum analyzes Jane Goodall's eccentric qualities so different from other scientists at her time. For example, in Goodall's exploration into Gombe, she gave human names to the chimpanzees. This was an anomaly in the world of science. Many worried of her lack of objectivity in her observations. Although her methods were untraditional, her ambition gave her incredible success in her findings. This is much more effective than the traditional, detached scientific observation was expected. She is often criticized for her personal connections with the chimpanzees, always seeing them as individuals and forming relationships. For instance, she mourned the death of Flo, a chimpanzee whom she had known for a long time. Above all, Goodall had incredible courage and committed her life to her research and exploration. Her unorthodox methods and her eccentricity, although criticized of by others, were there qualities that gave her incredible success and made her the most well­known women scientists of all time.

"Contributions of Nonhuman Primate Research to Human Health."Primate Info Net: Discoveries

Through Primate Models. The Wisconsin Primate Research Center, 2013. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. Created by members of The Wisconsin Primate Center, the website explores the cast medical advancements made through research nonhuman primates in the last century. This timeline notes breakthroughs in medicine ranging from curing of Polio and discovering more about HIV. The use of nonhuman primates in the experimental world has been essential in exploring the depths of medicine, as seen by the chart. This shows us how the exploration and use of primates for most primatologists was solely for human benefit. Many are used for experimentation and studied only to observe the similarities between humans and animals. This is in great contrast to Goodall’s outlook on primates, as she respects the creatures and observes them in their natural habitat. Goodall believes we can learn from the beautiful creatures by observing them rather than do invasive

experiments on them. While most people studied chimpanzees in search of a test subject, Goodall greatly differed because of her caring nature towards the chimpanzees.

De Waal, Frans B. M. "A Century of Getting to Know the Chimpanzee."Nature Sept. 2005:

Emory. Web. 11 Jan. 2016. By journalist for Nature magazine, Frans de Waal, this magazine articles touches upon our growing knowledge of chimpanzees. It speaks of the studies done by acclaimed primatologists that specialize in chimpanzees. The earliest studies were done in laboratories with intrusive methods to the chimpanzees. They took them out of their natural habitat and into the laboratory. Later, naturalistic observations were conducted, but they were for very short terms, such as Henry Nissen who studied chimps for 3 months. This shows how pivotal Goodall was in the field of primatology because she went out and explored the chimpanzees in their natural habitat.

"Dian Fossey ­ Biography." The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. N.p., n.d. Web. 24

Oct. 2015. Written on the official website of the The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, this biography provides important information on one of the “Trimates,” Dian Fossey. As a pioneering primatologist and woman scientist, Dian Fossey’s achievements and controversial actions at the time is a good analytical and contrast point with those of Goodall’s. Similar to Goodall, she fought for the conservation of the natural world and conducted a longitudinal study of gorillas. Although she rose to prominence and released many written projects on her revolutionary studies, her legacy was cut short by her brutal murder. Thus, she was unable to continue on her work personally.

Fedigan, Linda Marie. "Science and the Successful Female: Why There Are So Many Successful

Women Primatologists." American Anthropologist 96 (1994): 529­40. JSTOR [JSTOR]. Web. 25 Oct. 2015. This scientific journal article reinforces Leakey’s philosophy on why women are more suitable to study primates, which is vital to Goodall’s path to exploring Tanzania’s chimpanzees. Not only was Goodall purely passionate about her love for animals, but she harbored unique qualities that resulted in scientific breakthroughs. From their empathy to their maternal instincts, general traits of women drove them to succeed in the field of primatology despite male domination in science at the time and gave them an outlet to prove their unique strengths.

Fee, Jessica. "These Are the 10 Most Sexist Quotes Ever." Kicker. N.p., 30 May 2014. Web. 30 Nov. 2015 Comprised of misogynistic quotes by well­known men, this website exemplifies why the preconceived sexism that continues to plague the modern world to this day. These quotes date back to the time of Aristotle proving that there has been prejudice against women throughout all of history. Not only does this exemplify why Goodall was not respected in science, but also explains the scientific patriarchy and emphasizes that even notable men in history had capability for incredible sexism. This shows the incredible barriers Goodall had to encounter in the male­dominated world to be taken seriously as a scientist.

"From Orphan to King­ Pioneering Primatologist." PBS Nature. PBS, 13 Feb. 2005. Web. 25

Oct. 2015. From PBS Nature, this article provides a biography of one of Leakey’s famous “Trimates,” Birute Galdikas. Dr. Galdikas, similar to Goodall, studied orangutans in Rwanda for an extensive period of time and made revolutionary society that transformed primatology into a modern science. Furthermore, the parallels between their actions as activists for preserving the natural world show the effects of working with primates personally and uniquely, and ultimately how that can change one’s perception of humanity.

Goldin, Claudia, Lawrence F. Katz and Ilyana Kuziemko. Journal of Economic Perspectives.

Vol. 20. 2006. 133­56. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. By economists Claudia Goldin, Lawrence Katz and Ilyana Kuziemko, this journal surveys the college gap between women and men throughout the years. This journal includes a figure that shows the growth in employed women who went to college. At the time of the 1950,’s the number of employed women dropped because there was no longer a need for women in the workforce after World War II. At the time of Jane Goodall’s prominence, 1960’s and onward, there is a substantial increase in the amount of women who are employed. This table exemplifies the small amount of women in the workforce prior to Jane Goodall and shows how she was an influential women who lived at a time of reform. She encountered much gender prejudice but rose above and serves as an inspiration to women to this day.

Harvard Business Review Staff. "Life's Work: Jane Goodall." Harvard Business Review.

Harvard Business Publishing, 01 Apr. 2010. Web. 03 Oct. 2015. Harvard Business Review, a website centered around leadership and innovation, presents an interview with Jane Goodall explaining the unorthodox aspects of her chimpanzee exploration. Her strength and confidence through it all, despite the harsh criticism she faced, shed light upon her leadership and the passion behind her mission to save chimpanzees and rainforests. Instead of following guidelines, she followed her intuition and saw little details others had missed. She also claimed she was not aiming to be a scientist, but to be one who learned about chimpanzees. Her raw, honest intentions throughout her Gombe exploration led her to spread the importance of open­mindedness and finding a balance between ethics and what is best for the short term.

Jane Goodall: Making the World A Better Place. Perf. Jane Goodall. National Geographic. Roots & Shoots, n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/jane­goodall­roots­shoots>. A short video created by the Roots & Shoots program of the Jane Goodall Institute, it includes Jane Goodall herself explaining the mission of the Roots & Shoots program and her perspective on making one’s dreams into a reality. Many people laughed at Jane Goodall for wanting to study chimpanzees in Africa, and moreover she did not have a lot of money to do this. Yet, she transcended these obstacles, telling viewers that every individual matters and dreams are valid no matter what. With over 130 countries

participating in both local and worldwide service projects and 150,000 members, this program seeks to endow power and responsibility to young people when creating solutions to their community’s problems. Jane Goodall’s persistence in fulfilling her dream of adventurous, groundbreaking exploration has taught her courage and humanity, and consequently led her to pass on these values. Furthermore, her encounters with chimpanzees not only taught her about the loving, characteristic nature of these creatures, but about human nature itself. With many children exclaiming, “I want to be like Jane Goodall when I grow up” in the video, it is clear she has created a lasting legacy by inspiring people of all ages to be giving and mentally strong for the years to come.

"Jane Goodall’s Story." PBS. PBS, 03 Mar. 1996. Web. 01 Oct. 2015.

<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/jane­goodalls­wild­chimpanzees­jane­goodalls­story/1911/>. Written by writers of PBS and Nature Publishing Group, this collaborative article does a marvelous job highlighting and indicating the key milestones of Jane Goodall’s exploration of chimpanzee behaviour. Goodall, an avid lover of animals since childhood, changed the way we relate ourselves to our closest relative, chimpanzees. Today, it is a well­known, accepted idea. Yet, before 1957, knowledge on chimpanzees was scarce. Although Goodall was looked down upon for her non­existent college degree and blonde looks, she moved forward with her exploration of Africa and silenced numerous criticizers when National Geographic came out with a explanatory documentary on her findings in 1965. The emphasis on the fact that Goodall was not the traditional definition of a scientist only proved that she appreciated and looked into things other conforming scientists had overlooked. Thus, her unique approach to science and exploratory findings left a lasting impact on animals, humans, modern science, and the environment.

Lee, Jane J. "6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism." National Geographic.

National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2016. From the National Geographic Society, this article is about six women scientists who were marginalized despite making groundbreaking discoveries in their fields. This is vital to shaping our argument on how Goodall’s exploration and encounters set forth a trailblazing path for women because it provides the perfect historical context for showing how a misogynist structure has prevailed since the beginning of science. In addition, it provides a great contrast on how science has transformed to become more equal in terms of gender and to acknowledge the powerful influence of women in science.

Linton, Allen L., II. "Jane Goodall." Women in European History RSS. 2000. Web. 28 Sept. 2015. In this article from Women in European History, journalist Allen Linton's insights show how Jane Goodall's encounters with critics cause her to become an inspiration for empowering women. In this era, the effects of the Woman's Suffrage Movement were applied to the scientific field, however not justly. There were few opportunities for women in the field of science and those available were not nearly enough to support a family, so few women were in this field. Goodall, however, had always been passionate about animals and got the opportunity to study chimpanzees through her Louis Leakey.

Although she got this opportunity because of her looks, her discoveries outweighed what anyone thought she was capable of. Goodall's lack of formal education and the fact that she was a women caused many scientists to not take her seriously. Especially because of her unique methods to studying animals, such as her one­on­one time with the animals and treating them as if they were a human. Contrary to critics, Goodall was able to make scientific breakthroughs in how we think about chimpanzees and is an inspiration of women's independence in the field of science.

Miller, Peter. "Crusading for Chimps and Humans." National Geographic Magazine. Dec. 1995:

1­15. The Jane Goodall Archives. National Geographic Magazine. Web. 05 Oct. 2015. In Peter Miller’s article about his interview with Jane Goodall, he investigates the legacy of Jane Goodall. The pioneering primatologist is the voice of the chimpanzees as she speaks the truths about why we should protect wild and captive chimpanzees backed up by her research. Through Goodall's explorations, she has observed the highly inventive primates using rocks to break open nuts, using twigs as sandals to protect their feet and eating plants as medicine. She feels strongly that these highly intelligent animals should be protected at all costs. This article looks at Goodall's later years after she is faced with tragedy. When her husband, Derek, dies after merely five short years of marriage, she is devastated. Yet, she dedicates her time for speaking up for the abuse of chimpanzees in medicine, their loss of habitat and the illegal smuggling of chimpanzee babies. She encounters many challenges in her cause to fight for the voice of the chimpanzees that created her legacy. With Goodall's enthusiasm and optimism, she makes it her mission to help the chimpanzees. She helps to fund sanctuaries in Africa where the chimpanzees can be safe and speaks up against medical companies that use chimps for research. It is incredible how much time Goodall has put into the preservation of the chimpanzees. Her exploration at Gombe became her passion and family, and she realized her necessity to be an activist for the protection of the voiceless chimpanzees.

McKie, Robin. "Chimps with Everything: Jane Goodall's 50 Years in the Jungle." The Observer.

The Guardian. 26 June 2010. Web. Written by Robin McKie, science and technology editor of The Observer, the online article touches on the importance of Jane Goodall's work in the field of primatology and science in general. At a time when homo sapiens were regarded as the only species capable of individual personalities, Jane Goodall boldly challenges this preconceived notion and in the process redefined mankind. Jane Goodall was one of the first scientists to give animals names in her study, a concept that was previously looked down upon because of the unaccepted idea of anthropomorphism. In Goodall's exploration into the Tanzanian forests, she discovered that chimps make tools, a quality that was previously defined humans. Goodall went beyond the expectations of a women at that time and in her revolutionary experiences with chimpanzees and discovered breakthroughs in our understanding of both chimpanzees and mankind.

Naidu, Netusha. "Reason for Hope : Jane Goodall on Breaking the Gender Bias and the Magic of History and Science." Cosmic Liberties. 06 Mar. 2015. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.

Written by Netusha Naidu, this website critiques Goodall’s book, Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey. This book describes Goodall’s encounter with gender bias and how she overcame it. Naidu describes the family of strong­willed woman that Goodall came from. While she could have given up at any point, she persisted because she was determined to prove herself. Although Goodall encountered much prejudice in the start of her career, she knew that this barrier could be broken if she did not let the discrimination get to her. Through this, Goodall makes her debut as not only a revolutionary women scientist, but also an inspiration to women everywhere, as many women attribute their success from viewing Goodall as a role model.

NhRP. "Washoe, the First Chimpanzee to Break the Language Barrier." The Nonhuman Rights

Project RSS. N.p., 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. Written by the Nonhuman Rights Project, the only organization in the United States fighting for the justice of animals, this article commemorates the life of Washoe, the first chimpanzee to express aspects of human language. Scientists have attempted to teach chimpanzees how to speak, but failed. After being taken from the wild after her mother was killed, Washoe was on the verge of becoming a biomedical test subject when researchers Beatrix and Allen Gardner took her in. They “cross­fostered” her, raising her as if she were a human child. As they did this, Washoe began exhibiting human behaviours, such as brushing her teeth and playing with toys. They taught her American Sign Language, which she mastered and passed these skills onto her son without being pushed to do so. Most notable of all is when the researcher left for several weeks due to a miscarriage; Washoe was angry and demanded a reason. When the researcher used sign language to express, “MY BABY DIED,” Washoe signaled “CRY” by running her finger down her face and “PLEASE PERSON HUG” to comfort her. Thus, this experiment proved the chimpanzee’s capacity to empathize, be aware of herself, and communicate. Furthermore, it is a great contrast with Jane Goodall’s methodology in proving the distinct personalities and abilities of chimpanzees. Goodall observed chimpanzees in their natural habitats, where they had never experienced the fear of captivity or human abuse before. She fostered trusting relationships with them through patience, not by manipulating their nature to grow up in the wild and raising them as humans.

Nicholls, Henry. "Jane Goodall: How She Redefined Mankind." Future. BBC, 1 Apr. 2014. Web. 29 Sept. 2015. Journalist Henry Nicholls, who personally interviewed Jane Goodall for her 80th birthday, centers on Jane Goodall's struggle to be taken seriously in her research. Goodall's encounters with her predominantly male colleagues served as a challenge in getting her research public and known to the world. At a time when there was limited women scientists, Jane Goodall was criticized harshly for her methods. Goodall had no degrees or experience at college, which gave her an even greater disadvantage. Her advisor in the study, Louis Leakey, forced her to get a doctorate at the Cambridge University in order to be taken seriously. Jane Goodall did not want to become involved in an academic lifestyle, but gave in to secure her work into the scientific world. Although her male colleagues at Cambridge University criticized her harshly, along with

the Zoological Society of London, Goodall knew that her critics were wrong and that her findings were truly remarkable. This demonstrates Goodall's ambition in her studies and how she persevered despite her challenging encounters with the scientific world.

Nicole, Wendee. "How Jane Goodall's Legacy Is Alleviating Poverty | ZDNet." ZDNet. Mongabay Organization, 4 Apr. 2014. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. Wendee Nicole, a MA and PhD candidate for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Rice University and an award­winning freelance science writer, traveled to Uganda with the Special Reporting Initiatives Program Mongabay Organization to analyze Jane Goodall’s lasting legacy in local African community leadership. Established in 1977, the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) has worked toward protecting animal welfare through empowering local leaders to solve their own problems with suggested solutions and patience rather than taking over completely. Goodall realized that the JGI would not move forward if the people living near animals were living in horrid conditions themselves. Thus, along the way of benefiting animals, they also motivated the locals to take action. The JGI has installed wells in villages to supply clear, efficiently obtained water, provided alternative protein sources to stop wildlife hunting, and introduced new techniques for farming. Ultimately, over many decades, Goodall has sparked people's’ sense of humanity and united people who care about similar causes­ the welfare of both humans and animals. These people have come together to improve and preserve people's’ lives as well as animals’ and inspire others to do the same. Thus, it is clear that Goodall’s bold step to explore unknown facets of primatology, especially as a woman with little science knowledge facing discrimination, has kindled the world’s faith and humanity. The proven fact that chimpanzees are more like humans than any other animal has humbled us into realizing the world does not revolve around solely our development or success.

Onion, Rebecca. "Unclaimed Treasures of Science." Slate. 13 July 2014. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. History writer of Slate, Rebecca Onion, writes about the gender stereotyped world of women scientists and how many women were overlooked due to the discrimination that prevailed. Onion explains how women were given an opportunity in science because of the lack of “scientific manpower” that persisted during World War II. However, when men returned to war, the situation for women in the STEM field worsened. Many of the women’s jobs were taken by men who received more pay than them. Women in STEM were seen as deviants for not conforming to societal norms. This created a grave decline in women of science. This era of gender prejudice and lack of women in STEM programs is what made Goodall such a revolutionary women scientist. She encountered many gender barriers and never gave up despite disapproval for breaking societal expectations of women.

"Partners in Winning the War: American Women in World War II." National Women's History

Museum. 2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. The National Women’s History Museum organization presents a website showing the role of women in World War Two. Because of the war effort in place, there was a major shortage of employees. This article touches upon women entering the scientific realms.

The Office of Education created a bill calling for defense training programs that women were capable of entering. The article describes how many women were not expected of much and were given very simple tasks. However, this was amongst the first exposure that women had in the world of science. This website also includes many old war advertisement calling women to enter the workforce. This created a stepping stone for women to enter the scientific world. Although this was only for a short amount of time, many women gained credibility and experience. At the time of Goodall’s legacy, not too far after World War II, women were not respected in the field of science, but some had experience. This was the misogynist world that Goodall was living in at the time of her rise to fame and explains how incredible it was that Goodall was taken seriously as a scientist despite being an uneducated women.

Peterson, Dale. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Man. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

2006. Print. Dale Peterson, an award­winning author who has edited and co­written Jane Goodall’s books, presents an impeccably detailed and persuading biography of Goodall’s life and legacy, and ultimately how she went from being a scientist to an activist. He shows how her achievements have been revolutionary and how it is improbable that someone else would be able to emulate them. Furthermore, he shows how she transformed the field of primatology and introduced a unorthodox, intellectual style of studying animal behaviour. In Chapter 20, Peterson highlights the criticism and prejudice Goodall faced at scientific conferences. People thought she was too blonde, too skinny, too young to be taken seriously. Solly Zuckerman, a famous researcher and zoologist, in particular, deprecated her findings and used his own generalizations derived from his studies on baboons to put down her ideas. He privately disregarded her credibility, and even ignored parliamentary procedure and directly shot questions at Jane repeatedly. Later on, Desmond Morris, a member of the audience, admits he and many others found Zuckerman’s viewpoint “outrageous,” as they found her discoveries extremely fascinating and admired her unique, total dedication. Other scientists would observe, then return to civilization and write up what they had found. Yet Jane persisted­ she became close with the chimpanzees in a personal way that drove her to understand their true nature. This was something no other scientist had dared to done in that time. Hence, people looked up to her fearless audacity. The amount of women in primatology grew, taking up leadership positions and equaling men in representation. These conferences in 1962 not only kickstarted Goodall’s reputation as a scientist, but also introduced primatology as an element of modern science. Before, conferences regarding “primates” were rather rare. Her voice in the scientific community and even on a global platform grew, influencing later events of protecting chimpanzees and activism. Through her exploration of Gombe’s chimpanzees and her persistence in conveying a message her findings presented, she redefined the world’s preconceived idea of “man the toolmaker.”

Quammen, David. "Being Jane Goodall." National Geographic Magazine. Oct. 2010. Web. 28

Sept. 2015. Scholarly journalist of the prestigious National Geographic Magazine, David Quammen, characterizes the effects of Goodall's discoveries in Gombe for the scientific world. At a

time when the knowledge of chimps was very limited, Goodall focused not only on collective patterns of chimpanzees, but also the individual characteristics of the species. Her discovery that chimps have social interactions and use tools similar to humans was a groundbreaking discovery and opened the door in the exploration of the similarities between chimpanzees and humans. In the research of the Gombe chimps, the scientists concluded that Simian immunodeficiency virus, the primate form of AIDS, was killing chimpanzees. This is very similar to humans. The more humans discover about chimpanzees, the more they learn of the uncanny similarities between the two species.

Shapiro, Michael. "Dr. Jane Goodall." Earth Island Journal. Earth Island Institute, Spring 2010.

Web. 07 Oct. 2015. The writer of this source, Michael Shapiro, is the author of famous book, A Sense of Place: Great Travel Writers Talk About Their Craft, Lives, and Inspiration. He also is a journalist for National Geographic Traveler, The Washington Post and San Francisco Chronicle. Shapiro records his interview with Goodall on her remarkable studies. Goodall explains her motivation to explore the forests of Gombe to Shapiro. She remarks that even though she wasn’t a scientist, her intuition told her to go alone. Even though everyone said her approach was wrong, she trusted her intuition because she knew one person would be easier for the chimpanzees to trust. If it hadn’t been for her brave venture into the wild alone, the world would not know nearly as much about the highly complex creatures. She explains her encounter with the scientists she presented her work to and how disappointed she was when they told her she did everything wrong. She is outraged that the scientists refused to believe their brains were conventional and that each one had a personality. When she discovered that chimpanzees were toolmakers, it changed the views of scientists. It triggered their acceptance of Goodall’s work of how intelligent and inventive the chimpanzees are. Her efforts to investigate the life of chimpanzees eventually led to the redefinition of man.

"UN Messenger of Peace" The Jane Goodall Institute. Charity Navigator, 2013. Web. 03 Oct.

2015. This article about Jane Goodall's encounters with the UN was written as a part of her esteemed and well respected organization, the Jane Goodall Institute. This section highlights Goodall's charity work and her recognition as a UN Messenger of Peace. This shows that Goodall is not only a renowned scientist and explorer, but also a humanitarian. UN Messengers of Peace are talented, stand out individuals that volunteer their time to raise awareness of the United Nations' efforts to help the well being of people around the world. Granted to her in April 2002, Goodall's passion and innovative ideas are being used to "to achieve global peace, we must not only stop fighting each other, but also stop destroying the natural world." Goodall's mission is carried out through her Roots and Shoots program to give the youth the opportunity to improve the environment and solve global issues about the natural world.

Wayman, Erin. "Louis Leakey: The Father of Hominid Hunting." Smithsonian. Smithsonian

Magazine, 13 June 2013. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.

From the Smithsonian Magazine, this article reveals vital information about primatology prior to Jane Goodall’s rise to prominence. It discusses Louis Leakey’s influence on the launch of naturalistic primate field studies and how he believed that the best way to study primates was not to keep them captive but to observe them in their home habitats. Thus, these facts contribute to the historical context by providing a contrast point between Goodall’s new­found, unorthodox methods and traditional ways.

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­Picture of Flo http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/08/gombe­chimpanzees/shah­rogers­photography ­Gremlin http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/files/2014/04/proof­jane­goodall­128400.jpg Jane Goodall Sitting with Chimpanzees http://rebloggy.com/post/apes­jane­goodall­chimpanzees­primatologist­animal­whisperer/122147191350 ­Goodall hugging David G http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/PT­AP387_Goodal_D_20100723164746.jpg ­Gombe chimp looking at baby http://s.ngm.com/1963/08/goodall/img/goodall­63­615.jpg ­Goodall’s Silhouette http://s.ngm.com/2010/10/jane­goodall/img/jane­goodall­615.jpg ­Goodall and David Greybeard with banana http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/chimps­trade­tools­to­help­pals­130320­660x433.jpg ­Chimp fishing for termites http://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/03/15/magazine/15goodall01/15mag­15goodall.t_CA3­articleLarge.jpg Goodall on Boat https://tbmwomenintheworld.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/ap0170­22.jpg ­Goodall in Africa http://theenchantedmanor.com/wp­content/uploads/2014/03/National­Geographic­1.jpg ­National Geographic 1965 Cover http://twoyoungtravelers.com/wp­content/uploads/2012/10/454px­JaneGoodallSept2011­454x500.jpg ­Goodall http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/files/2014/04/Jane­Freud.jpg

Goodall with Chimpanzee http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/04/13/frodo­a­glimpse­into­the­retirement­of­an­infamous­alpha­male/ ­Freud http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/image/5871300­3x2­700x467.jpg ­Goodall looking at Africa http://www.achievement.org/achievers/goo1/large/goo1­030.jpg ­Goodall playing with chimpanzee http://www.achievement.org/achievers/goo1/photos/goo1­007a.gif ­Goodall and her mother http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/images/episode/b00v9j22_640_360.jpg ­Jane Goodall http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/l/fotos/leakey_louis.jpg ­Louis Leakey http://canteengirl.org/wp­content/uploads/2013/07/Chien­Shiung­Wu.gif ­Chien­Shiung­Wu http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/content/interactives/safehavenforchimps/timeline/images/2.jpg ­Robert Yerkes with Chimps http://www.chimpworlds.com/wp­content/uploads/Young_Chimp_Eating_600.jpg ­Young Chimpanzee http://www.craigstanford.org/pwa/pictures.html ­Frodo http://www.janegoodall.ca/images/Slide18.JPG ­Two baby chimpanzees http://www.janegoodall.ca/images/TimelinePhotos/andJubilee.jpg ­Young Goodall with stuffed monkey

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4331967?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ­Henry Nissen http://www.lastrefuge.co.uk/images/html/chimpanzee/portraits/images/AW_Chimp45.jpg ­Goblin http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/defiant_modernism/01.ST.03/img/IM.0307_zp.jpg ­Solly Zuckerman http://www.miss­pc.com/images_upload/pencil_paper_clipart.gif ­Pencil and Paper Clipart http://www.motherearthnews.com/~/media/Images/MEN/Editorial/Articles/Magazine%20Articles/2005/02­01/Earthwords/Jane­Goodall%20jpg.jpg Goodall with Baby Chimp http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/6537318/Rosalind_Franklin_SMALL_1.jpg ­Rosalind Franklin https://news.uns.purdue.edu/images/2014/remis­m14.jpg Melissa Remis http://www.percepolegatto.com.br/wp­content/uploads/2012/02/Lise­Meitner­45­1024x1024.jpg ­Lise Meitner https://www.rootsandshoots.org/sites/default/files/Roots%20%26%20Shoots%202015%20Global%20Map%20JPEG.jpg ­Roots and Shoots Global Map https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor_1927.jpg/220px­Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor_1927.jpg ­Gilbert Grosvenor http://www.scholastic.com/content/images/articles/u/UPFRONT­120211­hdr.jpg ­Chimps holding each other

http://www­tc.pbs.org/fmc/book/images/3edu2.gif ­Graph of graduates by gender http://www.yerkes.emory.edu/images/run_of_site/history_yerkes_chimps.jpg ­Robert Yerkes http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/41/11/05/8687952/5/920x920.jpg ­Jane Goodall Activism http://4.bp.blogspot.com/­pMTblw7Z0yE/VNh7lGh0lQI/AAAAAAABRt0/u6qj4uEOTII/s1600/Howard%2BUniversity%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2B1900s%2B(12).jpg ­Lab students Howard University

Videography http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2jmyb_jane­goodall­among­the­wild­chimpan_animals ­Jane Goodall: Among the Wild Chimpanzees Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwnA­VHmB3E ­Sibling Teasing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MlytL6JSik ­Tool Use https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80lPcjjhiq0 ­Goodall as Inspiration for Children