Animal Management: Animal Husbandry

Obj. 6.01

Safety in the Animal Industry

• Common Causes of Human Injury

– Human Error: poor judgment or lack of focus

– Improper Training: workers not properly trained

– Failure to use personal protective equipment

– Environmental factors such as poor ventilation

Safety in Animal Industry

• Chemical Safety

– All chemicals must be properly labeled and stored. Material safety data sheets must be maintained.

– Workers must be trained on how to use chemical

– Personal protective equipment must be used and properly cleaned after use

Safety in Animal Industry

• Animal Handling

– Facilities should provide safe environment for workers and animals

• Adequate space

• Properly working equipment

• Adequate lighting

Safety in Animal Industry

• Animal Behavior

– Vision: livestock have a wider range of peripheral vision but they have limited depth perception.

– Noise: react negatively to loud noises and high pitched sounds

– Fight or Flight: aggression is shown when they can not escape or when they are protecting their young

Safety in Animal Industry• Animal Handling Recommendations

– Animal Restraint Equipment

• Head gate and Squeeze Chutes: restrain cattle for specific purpose

• Halter: used to restrain cattle, sheep, goats and horses

• Muzzle: used to restrain cats and dogs

Safety in Animal Industry

• “Flight Zone” of cattle: imaginary circle that surrounds an animal. When humans enter the flight zone, animal will move away.

Safety in Animal Science

• Awareness of Animal Behavior Indicators

– Head raised

– Wide eyes

– Flaring nostrils

– Tense muscles

– Ear position

Safety in Animal Industry

• Acclimating Animals to Human Contact

– Handlers should attempt to make human contact a positive experience.

• Visit frequently

• Avoid loud noises and fast movement

Animal Management

• Preventative Maintenance Checklist– Keep accurate records

– Provide adequate nutrition to meet animal needs

– Vaccinate animals for diseases

– Maintain control on parasites

– Routinely check animals for change in behavior

– Maintain a clean facility

– Biosecurity

– Have a veterinarian

Animal Management

• Diseases

– Noninfectious diseases cause

• Faulty nutrition: unbalanced ration

• Metabolic disorder: not digested correctly

• Trauma: wounds or injuries

• Toxic substance: poisonous materials

• Congenital defects: birth defects

Animal Management

• Diseases

– Infectious diseases causes:

• Virus: microscopic infective agent that causes disease

– Flu, rabies and shipping fever

– Can be controlled by vaccination

• Bacteria: one-celled microorganisms that can cause disease

– Salmonella and E. coli

– Can be prevented by proper sanitation

Animal Management

• Parasites

– Internal: live inside the animal

• Roundworm, heartworm and tapeworm

• Can be controlled by deworming

– External:

• Lice, fleas, mites and ticks

• Can be controlled through chemical and biological methods.

Animal Management

Lice

Flea

Tapeworm

Roundworm

Heartworm