Animal FarmAnimal Farm

A Satire/Allegory on the A Satire/Allegory on the Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

• How It Started • Czar Nicolas II • absolute power • huge social gulf between

the peasants and the land owner and the elite

• peasants and workers begin rebelling against the Czar in 1905

The Russian Revolution 1917-1945The Russian Revolution 1917-1945• Tsar Nicholas II (Monarch of

Russia) -surrendered power after a complicated civil war

– His family was in rule for three centuries

– Very small portion of people owned everything

– most were poor

Alexander Kerensky became Premier and was soon ousted

Bolshevik powerBolshevik power

• Vladimir Lenin was leader

• gained control in 1917

• had the Romanov family murdered in 1918

• wanted Communism

Russian Revolution LeadersRussian Revolution Leaders• Vladimir Lenin (Builder of the

Russian Revolution) based his theories on Karl Marx (and Frederick Engles) –both were German philosophers and the writers of “The Communist Manifesto”

• Lenin became ill and a need for new leadership arose

• Four People struggle for power– Joseph Stalin– Gregory Zinoviev– Leon Trotsky– Lev Kamenev

CommunismCommunism

• Comes from the root word of “community”

• -equal distribution of wealth and possessions among Russia’s citizens

• Karl Marx is “The father of communism”

About Lenin:About Lenin:• Marxist revolutionist • led Bolsheviks • used the Red Guard to stop

others from taking over Russia, then used it to take over Russia himself

• led a campaign of “Red Terror" in 1918– a systematic plot to execute

opponents of communism

Lenin…Lenin…– created a New Economic Policy – allowed for limited private

ownership of land and business – Called it ‘breathing space” for

Communism to prevail – moved capital to Moscow

• renamed Russia to Soviet Union in 1922

• named his party the Communist party in 1917

– “October Revolution” killed many to gain control and instate Communism

More about Lenin…More about Lenin…– named Joseph Stalin -

Secretary General – powerful position in

Communist party – ability to make appointments

to other positions of power – ability to gain important

allies– 1922 – Lenin suffered

paralyzing strokes – removed from leadership

position – 1924 – Lenin dies – Stalin and Trotsky struggle

for power

Russian Revolution PowerRussian Revolution Power• Joseph Stalin: Built his

power behind the lines

• Leon Trotsky: Was popular/charismatic, and famous for his speeches

• Lenin dies in 1924: Stalin leads an alliance against Trotsky and becomes Dictator of Russia

Stalin Wins!Stalin Wins!• Stalin out-maneuvers

Trotsky and gains control

• Stalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party because he is a threat

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky • gifted speaker and writer • political genius • tried to end Russian

involvement in WWI • great thoughts and plans

but had trouble actually installing them

• was not liked by Lenin

Joseph Stalin In ControlJoseph Stalin In Control

• 1924 – assumes full control after Lenin dies

Stalin’s Repression & TerrorStalin’s Repression & Terror

• terrorized country with widespread arrests and executions

• anyone thought to be opposed to Stalin and Communism was executed on the spot

““Reign of Terror”Reign of Terror” – 1934 “great purges”

and “show trials” – sent millions to Soviet

labor camps – 2-7 million innocent

citizens are murdered – forced confessions – public accusations– employed KGB to

repress any opposition – used publications to

report statistics inaccurately in his favor

Secret PoliceSecret Police

• Created secret police force KGB, later known as the NKVD

• August 1938 Stalin brought Beria to Moscow as deputy head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria

Stalin’s PlanStalin’s Plan– 1928 First “Five Year Plan” – attempt to make Russia a

modern industrial state – “comrades” need to work

harder so Soviet Russia can be a beacon of hope to workers everywhere

– The following Poster is one that was used during the first Five Year plan in order to get the message across that the Soviet people should work together and promote industrialization.

Stalin in PowerStalin in Power – 1933 Second “Five

Year Plan”- emphasized rapid growth of Soviet Industry

– this worked fairly well– by the end, Soviet

Russia was a formidable world power

Cult Of PersonalityCult Of Personality

• A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses mass media to create a larger-than-life public image through unquestioning flattery and praise.

Stalin the cult of personalityStalin the cult of personality

Secret AgreementSecret Agreement

• “German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact”: secret agreement between Stalin and Hitler

• neither country would attack each other

Liar!Liar!

• Hitler lied!

• 1941- “Operation Barbarossa”

• Germany fully attacks Russia!

Stalin’s Rule Against TrotskyStalin’s Rule Against Trotsky• After Stalin came to power he

wanted Trotsky out• Trotsky was banished three times

from three places– 1st : Expelled from Moscow– 2nd: Expelled from the Communist

Party– 3rd: Expelled from Russia in 1936– Trotsky fled to Mexico in 1936 He was assassinated by Stalin’s

orders in 1940 Stalin also had others

assassinated under his rule including one of his own – Serge Kirov – in 1934. This was done as a show-trial.

Trotsky’s BlameTrotsky’s Blame• During Stalin’s rule:

– Russia’s economic system failed

– Violence, fear, and starvation occurred throughout the country

– Trotsky was blamed for it all

– called “Trotskyism”

• Trotsky was blamed even after his assassination

• Those who were associated with Trotsky were executed

In all, over 20 million citizens were purged (killed or imprisoned)

Stalin’s Doctors' plotStalin’s Doctors' plot• Alleged conspiracy to

eliminate the leadership of the Soviet Union by means of Jewish doctors taking top leadership.

• If America would see the way the Jews were treated, USA would want to fight Russia.

• After the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953, the new Soviet leaders admitted that the case was fabricated.

Stalin DiesStalin Dies• Stalin ruled as absolute dictator

throughout WWII and until his death on March 5th, 1953.

• Theory on how he died:• 1.Stalin was poisoned with

warfarin, a powerful rat poison that makes blood rush to your brain, and the victim has a hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage).

• 2.He probably suffered a stroke that paralyzed the right side of his body, later dying of cerebral hemorrhage.

CommunismCommunism

Communism:Communism: Social Utopia Social Utopia

where all where all property is property is held in held in common and common and ALL are equalALL are equal• (Production (Production

and goods are and goods are commonly commonly owned)owned)

Friedrich Engels Karl Marx

SocialismSocialism

Socialism: A social system or Socialism: A social system or theory in which the producers theory in which the producers possess political power and the possess political power and the means of producing and means of producing and distributing goodsdistributing goods

CapitalismCapitalism

Capitalism: Economic Capitalism: Economic system characterized by system characterized by open competition in a free open competition in a free market and by private market and by private corporate ownership of corporate ownership of the means of production the means of production and distributionand distribution

Smith devised a set of concepts that remain strongly associated with capitalism today, particularly his theory of the "invisible hand" of the market, through which the pursuit of individual interest produces a collective good for society.

Adam Smith

Symbolism Symbolism

*Russian Revolution = Animal Farm*Russian Revolution = Animal Farm

*Stalin = Napoleon *Stalin = Napoleon

*Communism = *Communism = ““AnimalismAnimalism””

Allegory Allegory

Underlying meaning and surface Underlying meaning and surface meaning meaning

Grand in scopeGrand in scope

FABLEFABLE

A short story that has a moral A short story that has a moral and has animals as charactersand has animals as characters

SATIRESATIRE

A story that makes fun of somethingA story that makes fun of something

George OrwellGeorge Orwell George Orwell: Eric BlairGeorge Orwell: Eric Blair Animal Farm Animal Farm ““A Fairy StoryA Fairy Story”” Orwell was born in England in 1903 and Orwell was born in England in 1903 and

passed away in 1950passed away in 1950 Educated at private schools including Eton Educated at private schools including Eton

• Was a part of snobbishness and elitism Was a part of snobbishness and elitism which lead him to hating the class which lead him to hating the class systemsystem

• disapproved of Communism disapproved of Communism • a socialist a socialist

Communism was not pure socialism Communism was not pure socialism because: because:

• gulf in society gulf in society • control of the peasants control of the peasants • hypocriticalhypocritical

used his writings to communicate a used his writings to communicate a

political messagepolitical message

Orwell and SatireOrwell and Satire Orwell became a Orwell became a

socialist as well as a socialist as well as a satiristsatirist

Satire: The use of Satire: The use of ridicule to attack ridicule to attack ideas/failures/evil ideas/failures/evil actionaction

Orwell became a Orwell became a critic of capitalism critic of capitalism and communismand communism

Animal FarmAnimal Farm is a is a SatireSatire and an and an AllegoryAllegory

Characters and Their Historical Characters and Their Historical CorrelationCorrelation

Napoleon:Napoleon: Pig, Joseph Stalin and Napoleon B. of France Pig, Joseph Stalin and Napoleon B. of France Snowball:Snowball: Pig, Leon Trotsky Pig, Leon Trotsky Boxer:Boxer: Cart Horse, Working Class Society/Inability to Cart Horse, Working Class Society/Inability to

think for selfthink for self Squealer:Squealer: Pig, Spread propaganda Pig, Spread propaganda Major:Major: Prize Winning Boar, Karl Marx and V. Lenin Prize Winning Boar, Karl Marx and V. Lenin Clover:Clover: Female Cart Horse, Ignorant Society Female Cart Horse, Ignorant Society Moses:Moses: Tame Raven, Religion/Hope Tame Raven, Religion/Hope Mollie:Mollie: Mare, Bourgeoisie (upper middle-class) Mare, Bourgeoisie (upper middle-class) Benjamin:Benjamin: Long Lived Donkey, Satirist – Change is Long Lived Donkey, Satirist – Change is

inevitableinevitable

Characters and Their Historical Characters and Their Historical CorrelationCorrelation

Muriel:Muriel: Goat, helps convey the rules/7 Goat, helps convey the rules/7 commandments commandments

Mr. Jones:Mr. Jones: Manor Farm, Tsar Nicholas II Manor Farm, Tsar Nicholas II Mr. Frederick:Mr. Frederick: Pinchfield Farm, Hitler/Nazi Germany Pinchfield Farm, Hitler/Nazi Germany Mr. Pilkington:Mr. Pilkington: Foxwood Farm, Capitalist Foxwood Farm, Capitalist

England/U.S.A.England/U.S.A. Mr. Whymper:Mr. Whymper: Human Solicitor, ties humans and Human Solicitor, ties humans and

animals togetheranimals together Jessie and Bluebell/Pups:Jessie and Bluebell/Pups: Dogs, Stalin Dogs, Stalin’’s brute s brute

force-rep. of Hitlerforce-rep. of Hitler’’s brainwashed societys brainwashed society Minimus:Minimus: Poet Pig, Manipulator of History (Songs) Poet Pig, Manipulator of History (Songs)

Chapter’s 1 (Summary)Chapter’s 1 (Summary) Drunken Mr. Jones to bed/animals meet in the barnDrunken Mr. Jones to bed/animals meet in the barn Major Wishes to pass his wisdomMajor Wishes to pass his wisdom

• Talks about miserable lives and manipulation/born Talks about miserable lives and manipulation/born as slavesas slaves

Could live in luxury given the resourcesCould live in luxury given the resources Use the products of their laborsUse the products of their labors

Dream from the Previous NightDream from the Previous Night• Live free and happyLive free and happy• Animals vs. humans (2 legged walking Animals vs. humans (2 legged walking ‘‘creaturescreatures’’))• Once they take the humans they canOnce they take the humans they can’’t acquire t acquire

their traitstheir traits Ex: live in a house, sleep in beds, drink, Ex: live in a house, sleep in beds, drink,

smoke, $, clothes, trade (p. 31)smoke, $, clothes, trade (p. 31)• ““Beasts of EnglandBeasts of England”” --- an animal Utopia --- an animal Utopia

Mr. Jones fires a shotgun and stops the commotionMr. Jones fires a shotgun and stops the commotion

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 (Analysis)(Analysis)

““Beasts of England”- the animals will finally be free from man’s Beasts of England”- the animals will finally be free from man’s domination—enjoy the fruits of their laborsdomination—enjoy the fruits of their laborsThe song words lead to a ‘false reality’The song words lead to a ‘false reality’

(Reality vs. a Dream Utopia)(Reality vs. a Dream Utopia)Major’s simple belief is that ‘Man’ is the only reason for their Major’s simple belief is that ‘Man’ is the only reason for their evil (makes it easy for anyone non human to buy in to the evil (makes it easy for anyone non human to buy in to the situationsituation

Idea touches on class struggle, surplus value, and Idea touches on class struggle, surplus value, and dominationdomination

Idea is sincere, but it’s only a fantasy—just like . . .Idea is sincere, but it’s only a fantasy—just like . . . Major states: “All animals are equal”Major states: “All animals are equal”

Lenin dies – just as Major – leaving his work unfinishedLenin dies – just as Major – leaving his work unfinishedCh. 1=Historic to period before and during WWICh. 1=Historic to period before and during WWI

Ends with great unrest!Ends with great unrest!

Chapter 2 (Summary)Chapter 2 (Summary) Napoleon/Snowball description (35)Napoleon/Snowball description (35) The Rebellion -- Animals take farm and preserve the The Rebellion -- Animals take farm and preserve the

househouse AnimalismAnimalism Moses -- Sugar Candy MountainMoses -- Sugar Candy Mountain 7 Commandments:7 Commandments:

• 1. 2 legs is the enemy1. 2 legs is the enemy• 2. 4 legs or wings is a friend2. 4 legs or wings is a friend• 3. No clothes3. No clothes• 4. No bed4. No bed• 5. No alcohol5. No alcohol• 6. Not kill any other animal6. Not kill any other animal• 7. All animals are equal7. All animals are equal

Chapter 2 (Analysis)Chapter 2 (Analysis)Russian Revolution Becomes very clearRussian Revolution Becomes very clear

Manor Farm - Part feudal, Part capitalist = RussiaManor Farm - Part feudal, Part capitalist = Russia

Major represents Marx’s philosophy of communism, and Major represents Marx’s philosophy of communism, and Lenin who enacted it = AnimalismLenin who enacted it = Animalism

Animals=working class (esp. Boxer and Clover)Animals=working class (esp. Boxer and Clover)

Pigs = intelligentsia (organized and controlled the Rev.)Pigs = intelligentsia (organized and controlled the Rev.)Squealer = PropagandaSquealer = PropagandaMoses = Russian Orthodox ChurchMoses = Russian Orthodox ChurchMollie = Bourgeoisie (Luxuries)Mollie = Bourgeoisie (Luxuries)Russia began with noble ideas including moral dignity and Russia began with noble ideas including moral dignity and equality -- quickly gone on Animal Farmequality -- quickly gone on Animal FarmOrwell’s description of pre-rebellion misery -- social Orwell’s description of pre-rebellion misery -- social inequality and mistreatment of workersinequality and mistreatment of workers

Chapter 3 (Summary)Chapter 3 (Summary) ““4 legs good, 2 legs bad4 legs good, 2 legs bad”” - - Pigs take charge/superiority-Pigs take charge/superiority-

• take the milktake the milk• raise the pupsraise the pups

A lot of work is done- BOXER A lot of work is done- BOXER ““I will work harderI will work harder”” Flag with hoof and horn (Russian Flag)Flag with hoof and horn (Russian Flag) Snowball and Napoleon fight (p48)Snowball and Napoleon fight (p48) Pigs take human ways (p49)Pigs take human ways (p49) Socialists goals became meaningless tools used for Socialists goals became meaningless tools used for

controlcontrol 4 legs/2 legs4 legs/2 legs——what about wings?what about wings? Dog Army-(p51)Dog Army-(p51) Manipulation (Read Passage)-(p52)Manipulation (Read Passage)-(p52)

Chapter 3 (Analysis)Chapter 3 (Analysis)

Boxer’s (People’s) blind faith in the systemBoxer’s (People’s) blind faith in the system

Imbalance of knowledge and literacy Imbalance of knowledge and literacy Pigs/Stalin -- sole guardians of Animal Farm/Russian principalsPigs/Stalin -- sole guardians of Animal Farm/Russian principals

7 Commandments7 Commandments Antihuman directive (no clothes), moral values (do not kill other Antihuman directive (no clothes), moral values (do not kill other

animal), utopian ideas (all animals equal)animal), utopian ideas (all animals equal)4 legs good/2 legs bad = not part of the above ideals4 legs good/2 legs bad = not part of the above ideals

Propaganda was used to ignore their own unhappiness/shift focusPropaganda was used to ignore their own unhappiness/shift focus

Squealer = Propaganda to control the peopleSquealer = Propaganda to control the people

Satire – “Good of the State” – emphasizes Russia’s own Satire – “Good of the State” – emphasizes Russia’s own downfall - pokes fundownfall - pokes fun

Chapter 4 (Summary)Chapter 4 (Summary)

The Short VersionThe Short Version• Battle of CowshedBattle of Cowshed• Medals: Animal Hero First ClassMedals: Animal Hero First Class

Snowball and BoxerSnowball and Boxer

Chapter 4 (Analysis)Chapter 4 (Analysis)Allusion: Julius Caesar Allusion: Julius Caesar Russian Interwar PeriodRussian Interwar PeriodTrotsky: In order for Communism to work, it has to be Trotsky: In order for Communism to work, it has to be globalglobalDomino Effect = Non communists become communistDomino Effect = Non communists become communist

Pres. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson used this to Pres. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson used this to justify military involvement in Turkey, Greece, and Vietnamjustify military involvement in Turkey, Greece, and Vietnam

Rumors spread of RussiaRumors spread of RussiaPeople fight but don’t understand what they are fighting forPeople fight but don’t understand what they are fighting for

Their own oppression = IronyTheir own oppression = Irony

Orwell was (perhaps) denouncing Comm. & non-Comm.Orwell was (perhaps) denouncing Comm. & non-Comm. Mr. Jones = Irresponsible/NeglectMr. Jones = Irresponsible/Neglect Mr. P = Don’t do anythingMr. P = Don’t do anything

Chapter 5 (Summary)Chapter 5 (Summary)

Mollie decides to change sidesMollie decides to change sides Napoleon/Snowball argue a lotNapoleon/Snowball argue a lot

• Each campaign for supportersEach campaign for supporters Windmill plans completed Windmill plans completed –– debate over the debate over the

projectproject Snowball is attacked and oustedSnowball is attacked and ousted Napoleon takes power (Pig Power)Napoleon takes power (Pig Power) Boxer adds to his Boxer adds to his ‘‘catch phrasecatch phrase’’ ““I will work I will work

harderharder””• ““Napoleon is always rightNapoleon is always right””

Chapter 5 (Analysis)Chapter 5 (Analysis)

Napoleon rises as did StalinNapoleon rises as did Stalin Snowball/Trotsky is banishedSnowball/Trotsky is banished

Stalin has his own secret police (intelligentsia) = DogsStalin has his own secret police (intelligentsia) = Dogs

33rdrd World Country (p64)- Build technology/electricity World Country (p64)- Build technology/electricity Stalin first balked at it, then adopted it as his own ideaStalin first balked at it, then adopted it as his own idea

Orwell was part of a Trotskyist group in the late 1930s during Orwell was part of a Trotskyist group in the late 1930s during the Spanish Civil Warthe Spanish Civil War

Could be why Snowball is looked at in a positive mannerCould be why Snowball is looked at in a positive manner

Importance of technological advances in Russia is essentialImportance of technological advances in Russia is essential Much effort was put into the overall changeMuch effort was put into the overall change As previously mention-Stalin shunned it at 1As previously mention-Stalin shunned it at 1stst, then took it as his own, then took it as his own

Chapter 6 (Summary)Chapter 6 (Summary) Work weeks were now 60hr/wk and work on SundaysWork weeks were now 60hr/wk and work on Sundays Food rations were cutFood rations were cut Animals eager to take more work b/c itAnimals eager to take more work b/c it’’s for their own s for their own

benefitbenefit Mr. Whimper -- Human solicitor introducedMr. Whimper -- Human solicitor introduced

• Used to obtain outside goods needed (iron, nails, paraffin oil)Used to obtain outside goods needed (iron, nails, paraffin oil) Pigs now live and sleep in farm housePigs now live and sleep in farm house Commandments changed Commandments changed

• No animal shall sleep in a bed No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheetswith sheets Storm destructs windmillStorm destructs windmill

• Supposed work of SnowballSupposed work of Snowball Snowball is given a death sentenceSnowball is given a death sentence

Chapter 6 (Analysis)Chapter 6 (Analysis)Government Oppression (not just in Russia)Government Oppression (not just in Russia)

Overworked working classOverworked working class Government justified luxuries Government justified luxuries Propaganda is used to cover up mistakesPropaganda is used to cover up mistakes

Governments tend to blame others for their own deficiencies Governments tend to blame others for their own deficiencies and wrong doings to keep their own standing and wrong doings to keep their own standing

Ex: Communist Russia vs. TrotskyismEx: Communist Russia vs. Trotskyism Ex: U.S.A. vs. CommunismEx: U.S.A. vs. Communism

By shifting the blame it is easy to manipulateBy shifting the blame it is easy to manipulate

Orwell’s idea: Tyranny is CyclicalOrwell’s idea: Tyranny is Cyclical More Power = More CorruptMore Power = More Corrupt Pigs evolve into grotesque human beings -- increased resemblance Pigs evolve into grotesque human beings -- increased resemblance

to humansto humans

Chapter 7 (Summary)Chapter 7 (Summary) Harsh winter w/ food shortage (p85) Harsh winter w/ food shortage (p85) –– Animals are misled Animals are misled Humans donHumans don’’t believe Snowball ruined wall -- rebuilt at 3t believe Snowball ruined wall -- rebuilt at 3’’ thick thick Egg shortage - increased export/morally wrongEgg shortage - increased export/morally wrong

• Hens rebel and 9 dieHens rebel and 9 die SnowballSnowball’’s supposed visits to farm- Everything blamed on hims supposed visits to farm- Everything blamed on him

• ‘‘TiedTied’’ to Pinchfield (associate of Mr. Jones p 89) to Pinchfield (associate of Mr. Jones p 89)• Battle of Cowshed - bravery taken away and used against him Battle of Cowshed - bravery taken away and used against him

p90p90• NapoleonNapoleon’’s battle bravery is hyped ups battle bravery is hyped up• SquealerSquealer’’s persuasion makes them believe p90s persuasion makes them believe p90

Napoleon stages a purge and takes more powerNapoleon stages a purge and takes more power• Pigs are forced to falsely confess to conspiracy w/SnowballPigs are forced to falsely confess to conspiracy w/Snowball

They are said to be They are said to be ‘‘TrotskyistsTrotskyists’’ and immediately killed and immediately killed p91/92p91/92

Boxer stands up for the animals - Napoleon immediately Boxer stands up for the animals - Napoleon immediately stops Boxerstops Boxer

Egg rebellion confession - 3 more hens killedEgg rebellion confession - 3 more hens killed

Chapter 7 (Summary Cont.)Chapter 7 (Summary Cont.)

BoxerBoxer’’s explanation of problem at hand p94s explanation of problem at hand p94• The fault is our own = WORK HARDERThe fault is our own = WORK HARDER

Clover wonders how farm could have gotten like it Clover wonders how farm could have gotten like it isis• Animals not smart enough to figure it outAnimals not smart enough to figure it out

Squealer: Squealer: ““No more beasts of EnglandNo more beasts of England””• Song only applies to the rebellion - no need for rebellion Song only applies to the rebellion - no need for rebellion

nownow New song with no inspirationNew song with no inspiration

• ““Animal Farm. . .Animal Farm. . .” ” - Glorifies the situation- Glorifies the situation

Chapter 7 (Analysis)Chapter 7 (Analysis)Stalin’s 5 year plan for agriculture resulted in starvation of Stalin’s 5 year plan for agriculture resulted in starvation of millionsmillions

Industrial production was also downIndustrial production was also down

Violent tactics of oppressive governmentsViolent tactics of oppressive governments Massive class divisions in egalitarian/true communist societyMassive class divisions in egalitarian/true communist society

Stalin also had ‘show trials’ (trials w/ preset outcome)Stalin also had ‘show trials’ (trials w/ preset outcome) Forced people to admit TrotskyismForced people to admit Trotskyism People tortured until admission then executed People tortured until admission then executed

Stalin kept a common enemy - TrotskyStalin kept a common enemy - Trotsky Create fear for people - no one challenged his ruleCreate fear for people - no one challenged his rule

Manipulated statistics - illusion that all is good/betterManipulated statistics - illusion that all is good/better

Fear installed b/c people believe propagandaFear installed b/c people believe propaganda

An indestructible dictatorship formed - far from An indestructible dictatorship formed - far from communismcommunism

Chapter 8 (Summary)Chapter 8 (Summary) ““No kill” commandment is changed to No kill” commandment is changed to ““. . . w/out cause. . . w/out cause”” Animals work harder to rebuild windmillAnimals work harder to rebuild windmill Very cold winter with famineVery cold winter with famine Napoleon takes title of Napoleon takes title of ““LeaderLeader”” Minimus writes a poem on barn praising NapoleonMinimus writes a poem on barn praising Napoleon Controversy between Frederick and Pilkington w/ firewoodControversy between Frederick and Pilkington w/ firewood Windmill is finished - Mr. F. and men blow it upWindmill is finished - Mr. F. and men blow it up

• Several animals are killed/Boxer is injuredSeveral animals are killed/Boxer is injured Pigs get drunkPigs get drunk Squealer caught w/ paint brush (changing commandments)Squealer caught w/ paint brush (changing commandments)

• Animals not smart enough to figure it outAnimals not smart enough to figure it out Alcohol Commandment Changed to Alcohol Commandment Changed to ““. . . In excess. . . In excess””

Chapter 8 (Analysis)Chapter 8 (Analysis)Overall idea of manipulated rules and govt. to benefit the Overall idea of manipulated rules and govt. to benefit the politically and militaristic powerspolitically and militaristic powers

Minimus’s Poem: great irony/satire of patriotic rhetoricMinimus’s Poem: great irony/satire of patriotic rhetoric Creates a misdirection (propaganda) for the publicCreates a misdirection (propaganda) for the public

Pilkington vs. Frederick IncidentPilkington vs. Frederick Incident Russia/Stalin’s back and forth nature of siding with Germany and Russia/Stalin’s back and forth nature of siding with Germany and

then the Allies at the outset of WWIIthen the Allies at the outset of WWII @ last moment, Stalin signs a non-aggression pact with Hitler@ last moment, Stalin signs a non-aggression pact with Hitler Hitler (Frederick) betrays his word and invades Western Russia Hitler (Frederick) betrays his word and invades Western Russia

killing 25 million Russians and destroying much of the killing 25 million Russians and destroying much of the infrastructure built up during the Russian Revolutioninfrastructure built up during the Russian Revolution

This is known as the Battle of Stalingrad This is known as the Battle of Stalingrad Movie: Movie: Enemy at the GateEnemy at the Gate

Chapter 9 (Summary)Chapter 9 (Summary) Start to rebuild the WindmillStart to rebuild the Windmill Boxer grows weakBoxer grows weak Food Shortage Evident (but not for Pigs and Dogs)Food Shortage Evident (but not for Pigs and Dogs)

• They say it’s still better than Mr. Jones’s eraThey say it’s still better than Mr. Jones’s era Napoleon has 31 piglets w/4 sows - builds a schoolhouseNapoleon has 31 piglets w/4 sows - builds a schoolhouse Spontaneous demonstrations promoting animal farmSpontaneous demonstrations promoting animal farm Animal farm declared a Republic - Napoleon named Pres.Animal farm declared a Republic - Napoleon named Pres. Snowball has rumored to say “Long live humanity” during the Snowball has rumored to say “Long live humanity” during the

battle of cowshedbattle of cowshed Sugar Candy Mountain stories started again by MosesSugar Candy Mountain stories started again by Moses Boxer falls and collapsesBoxer falls and collapses

• Arranged for ambulance (Glue Factory)Arranged for ambulance (Glue Factory)• Boxer announced as incurable and had died (False infoBoxer announced as incurable and had died (False info))

Chapter 9 (Analysis)Chapter 9 (Analysis)Blatant downfall of Animal Farm/RussiaBlatant downfall of Animal Farm/Russia

Boxer’s death is ironicBoxer’s death is ironic He worked for the good of all, but is sold for the good of a fewHe worked for the good of all, but is sold for the good of a few Boxer is sold for alcoholBoxer is sold for alcohol His death breaks a lot of commandmentsHis death breaks a lot of commandments

Death in a Glue Factory increases the dramatic power of Death in a Glue Factory increases the dramatic power of Orwell’s wordsOrwell’s words

Russian administration exhausted its worker resources Russian administration exhausted its worker resources and then discarded themand then discarded them

Return of Moses means shift of focus of working classReturn of Moses means shift of focus of working class Stalin brought back the Russian Orthodox Church after WWIIStalin brought back the Russian Orthodox Church after WWII

Spontaneous Demonstrations = Ironic b/c they weren’t Spontaneous Demonstrations = Ironic b/c they weren’t spontaneous, they were all planned out for propagandaspontaneous, they were all planned out for propaganda

Chapter 10 (Summary)Chapter 10 (Summary) Many years have now passed (Dead: Muriel, Pincher, Bluebell, Many years have now passed (Dead: Muriel, Pincher, Bluebell,

Jessie, Mr. Jones, . . .)Jessie, Mr. Jones, . . .) Windmill is now used for corn = more $Windmill is now used for corn = more $ Pigs and dogs are still in luxuryPigs and dogs are still in luxury Other animals still accept the goals of the original RebellionOther animals still accept the goals of the original Rebellion

• This is a world free of humans with equality for animalsThis is a world free of humans with equality for animals Squealer is now walking on his hind legs onlySquealer is now walking on his hind legs only

• Sheep adopt the maxim: Sheep adopt the maxim: ““4 legs good, 2 legs better4 legs good, 2 legs better”” Only 1 commandment is left!Only 1 commandment is left!

• ““All animals are equal, All animals are equal, but some are more equal than but some are more equal than othersothers””

• Napoleon smokes pipe, others read, use radio/phone, wear Napoleon smokes pipe, others read, use radio/phone, wear clothesclothes

Napoleon and Pilkington toast each other - No more ComradeNapoleon and Pilkington toast each other - No more Comrade Name changed back to Manor FarmName changed back to Manor Farm Card Game - Ace of Spades played at the same time (Nap/Pilk)Card Game - Ace of Spades played at the same time (Nap/Pilk) No longer distinguish the card players from the humans/pigsNo longer distinguish the card players from the humans/pigs

Chapter 10 (Analysis)Chapter 10 (Analysis)Totalitarian Communism (controlled by the state/dictator)Totalitarian Communism (controlled by the state/dictator)

No socialism or utopia at allNo socialism or utopia at all

Napoleon B. (France) used to be thought of as great during Napoleon B. (France) used to be thought of as great during his conquest until he crowned himself emperor of Francehis conquest until he crowned himself emperor of France

Instead of abolishing aristocracy, he formed it around himselfInstead of abolishing aristocracy, he formed it around himself

Hope is help, until the end - provides dramatic contrastHope is help, until the end - provides dramatic contrast

Original ideas by Major/Marx = Dream/PhilosophyOriginal ideas by Major/Marx = Dream/Philosophy

Very shocking language - evolution of eventsVery shocking language - evolution of events

Cooperation of Russia and the West during WWII is evidentCooperation of Russia and the West during WWII is evident

Quarrel over what both desire but can’t have is evidentQuarrel over what both desire but can’t have is evident WORLD DOMINATIONWORLD DOMINATION

Banquet shows coop w/ Eng./U.S.A./Russia during WWIIBanquet shows coop w/ Eng./U.S.A./Russia during WWII

Stalin dies in 1953Stalin dies in 1953