Animal Digestion. Objectives Identify the various types of digestive systems found in animals. Identify the major parts of the digestive system and describe

Animal Digestion

Objectives Identify the various types of digestive

systems found in animals.

Identify the major parts of the digestive system and describe their functions.

Terms abomasum absorption amino acids anus avian digestive

system bile cecum

chyme crop cud digestion digestive system enzymes eructated feces gizzard

Terms intestinal juice monogastric

digestive system omasum organs pancreatic

amylase pancreatic juice

pepsin pseudo-ruminant

digestive system reticulum rumen ruminant ruminant digestive

system

Terms rumination salivary amylase salivary maltase stomach trypsin villi

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals?

Digestion __________________________________________________________________________________

Absorption is the process of taking the digested parts of food into the bloodstream.


The digestive system consists of the parts of the body involved in chewing and digesting food.

There are four basic types of digestive systems: ____________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? A. The ___________________________, or

simple digestive system, contains a single-chambered stomach and is the type found in humans, swine, dogs, and cats. The__________is a muscular

organ that stores ingested food and moves it into the small intestine.


The stomach secretes acid that has a low pH of ___________.

________________________________________________________________________________

Animals with this type of digestive system are better adapted to the use of concentrated feeds, such as grains, than to the use of large quantities of roughages.


What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? B. The ruminant digestive system, or

____________________________, contains one large stomach divided into four compartments and is the type found in cattle, sheep, and goats.


• ______________________________________________________________________

• Due to the complexity of its digestive system, a ruminant can make good use of roughages.

• ____________ percent of the roughages fed are digested.

• The compartments of the stomach, in the order of digestion, are:• rumen• reticulum• omasum• abomasum

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? 1. The_______is the largest section

of the stomach and the first compartment that the food enters. It accounts for approximately 60

percent of the stomach. ________________________________________

________________________________________ The rumen is designed so that food can be

ingested, eructated (belched up), chewed, and then swallowed again.

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? 2. The _____________is the second

segment of the stomach. It is sometimes considered an extension of the

rumen. _____________________________________ It aids in keeping the food in the rumen mixed with

water and saliva until it is the right consistency.

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? 3. The __________ is a small compartment

that is the main sight for water absorption. The particles are squeezed and dehydrated, as

well as sorted. ________________________________________

___________

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? 4. The _______________, or “true stomach,”

is the site of digestion. It secretes gastric juices consisting of

____________________________________ These juices kill and then digest the microbes that

have passed with the food materials from the rumen.

________________________________________________________________________________


C. The _____________________________

is the type found in animals that eat large amounts of roughages but do not have stomachs with several compartments. This type of digestive system

performs some of the same functions as the type found in ruminants.


A pseudo-ruminant can utilize large amounts of roughages because of its greatly enlarged cecum and large intestine.

________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

What are the various types of digestive systems found in animals? D. The ____________________________ is

the type found in poultry. This system differs greatly

from any other type. Since a bird has no teeth,

no chewing is involved. ________________________________________

_____________________


The _________ is where the food is stored and soaked.

From the crop, the food makes its way to the gizzard.

The _________ is a very muscular organ, which normally contains stones or grit that grinds the food.

__________________________________________________________________

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? The digestive system is made up

of a number of ________, which are parts that perform specialized functions.

The digestive system begins at the mouth, where food enters the body, and continues to the anus, where undigested material exits the body.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? A. ________________________—The

chewing action of the mouth and teeth breaks, cuts, and tears up the food. This increases the surface area of the

food particles and aids in the swallowing process.

Saliva not only stimulates the taste of the food but also contains the enzymes _____________________________________.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? _____________are organic catalysts that speed

up the digestive process. ________________changes starch to maltose, or

malt sugar. ____________________changes maltose to

glucose. Chewed food passes from the mouth to the

stomach through a muscular tube called the esophagus.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? B.

______________________________________________________________________________________ The fluids come from

glands in the wall of the stomach.

The juices contain from 0.2 to 0.5 percent hydrochloric acid.

This acid stops the action of the amylase from the mouth.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? The gastric juices also contain the enzymes

pepsin, rennin, and gastric lipase. ________________________________________

_______________________________________. The muscular walls of the stomach churn and

squeeze the food. ________________________________________ The gastric juices then act on the solids that

remain in the stomach.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? C. Ruminant stomach—The four parts of the

ruminant stomach are rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. ________________________________________

_______________________ ________________________________________

______________________ The solid part of food goes

into the rumen.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? The liquid part goes into the reticulum, then into

the omasum, and on into the abomasum. In the rumen, the solid food is mixed and partially

broken down by bacteria. ________________________________________ The food is then forced back into the mouth, and

rumination occurs. ________________________________________ ________________________________________

________________________________________

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? On average, cattle chew their

cuds about six to eight times per day.

_____________________________________________________________

The rumen and the reticulum contain millions of bacteria and protozoa. It is the bacterial action in the rumen that allows a

ruminant to use large amounts of roughage. ________________________________________

________________________________________

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? _________________are compounds that

contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

______________________________________________________.

Bacteria also produce many of the vitamins needed by the animal.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? D. Small intestine—The partly digested food

that leaves the stomach enters the small intestine as an acidic, semifluid, gray, pulpy mass.

__________________________ In the small intestine, the chyme

is mixed with three digestive juices: ________________________________________________________________.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? 1. ______________________, secreted by

the pancreas, contains the enzymes trypsin, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and maltase. ________________________________________

________________________________________

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? Proteoses are the most complex compounds, and

peptides are the simplest. ___________________________changes starch

in the food into maltose. Sugar and maltose are broken down even further

by maltase. They are then changed into a simple sugar called

glucose. ________________________________________

________________________________________

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? 2.

________________________________________________________

Bile is stored in the gallbladder in all animals except the horse.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? 3. Glands in the walls of the small intestine

produce ________________________.

Intestinal juice is a fluid that contains peptidase, sucrase, maltase, and lactase, all enzymes used in digestion.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? E. Cecum—The cecum, or “blind gut,” is

found where the small intestine joins the large intestine. ________________________________________

______________________ In a pseudo-ruminant,

the roughages consumed are digested by the bacterial action in the cecum.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? F. Large intestine—The main function of this

organ is to absorb water. ________________________________________

_______________________________________. The key to absorption in the large intestine is the

small fingerlike projections on the walls, called villi.

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions? Food materials not digested or absorbed are

called feces. These materials are moved through the large

intestine by muscles in the intestinal walls. The undigested part of food is passed out of the

body through the anus, the opening at the end of the large intestine.

Review What are the various types of

digestive systems found in animals?

What are the major parts of the digestive system and their functions?

Documents

Animal Digestion. Objectives Identify the various types of digestive systems found in animals. Identify the major parts of the digestive system and describe