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Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems

Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

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Page 1: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Chapter 24

The Digestive and Urinary Systems

Page 2: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Section 1 The Digestive SystemObjectives:•Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion.•Describe the parts and functions of the digestive system.

Page 3: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Major Functions of the Digestive System

• Break down ingested food• Put nutrients into the bloodstream• Remove waste from the body

Page 4: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Organs of the Digestive System• Mouth- teeth, salivary glands, tongue• Esophagus• Stomach• Small Intestine• Large Intestine• Pancreas• Liver• Gall bladder

Accessory Organs

Page 5: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Mouth• Digestion begins here!• Teeth and tongue are used in mechanical

digestion- physical breakdown of food• Saliva and enzymes begin chemical

digestion- chemical breakdown of food

Page 6: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Esophagus• Muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach• Moves food downward by peristalsis, or

muscular contractions• Epiglottis seals off windpipe during swallowing

to prevent choking

Page 7: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Stomach- Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

• Muscular pouch that expands to hold your food

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsin combine to form gastric juice

• A gummy coating of mucus protects the stomach lining from the strong chemicals

• Chyme, a thick liquid containing partially digested food, is produced here

Page 8: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Pancreas• Makes digestive enzymes• Makes hormones that regulate sugar levels

Page 9: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Small Intestine• Most chemical digestion occurs here!• Inner surface is covered in villi and microvilli,

millions of tiny finger-like projections that absorb nutrient molecules from the chyme

• The villi create a large surface area so as many nutrients as possible can be absorbed

• Longest portion of the digestive tract

Page 10: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Liver• Makes bile to break up fat• Stores nutrients• Breaks down toxins

Page 11: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Gallbladder• Temporarily stores bile and releases it into

the small intestines

Page 12: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Large Intestine• No digestion occurs here• Water is absorbed from remaining food• Waste material, feces, is prepared for

elimination from the body

Page 13: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Rectum• Stores feces until they can be expelled

through the anus.

Page 14: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Section 2 The Urinary SystemObjectives:•Describe the parts and functions of the urinary system.•Explain how the kidneys filter blood.•Describe three disorders of the urinary system.

Page 15: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

The Urinary System• Excretion is the process of removing waste

products from the body.• The urinary system removes waste products

like carbon dioxide from the body.

Page 16: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

The Kidneys as Filters• The kidneys are a pair of organs that

constantly clean the blood.• Your blood cycles through your kidneys

about 350 times a day.• Inside each kidney are nephrons,

microscopic filters that remove waste from the blood. (especially urea)

Page 17: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Water In, Water Out• The balance of fluids in the body is

controlled by chemical messengers called hormones.• Sweat and thirst• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-signals the kidneys

to make less urine• Diuretics-cause the kidneys to make more urine

Page 18: Chapter 24 The Digestive and Urinary Systems. Section 1 The Digestive System Objectives: Compare mechanical digestion with chemical digestion. Describe

Urinary System Problems• Bacterial infections-bacteria in the bladder; if

spreads to kidneys, then permanent damage can be caused to nephrons

• Kidney stones-when salts and other wastes collect inside the kidneys and form stones; can interfere with urine flow

• Kidney disease-can be caused by damage to nephrons; dialysis used as treatment to filter blood