Anglicanism 3

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"Ion Luca Caragiale" National College Ploieti

Anglicanism

Coordinating teacher: Apostol Valentina Student: Isboiu Drago Andrei

Grade 12 I

2013


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Table of contents

Prcis

1. Introduction

2.A History of Anglicanism

3.The Rituals and Organization of the Anglican Church

4. Important People and Famous Places

5.Conclusion

6.Bibliography


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Prcis

In the autumn of 2010 a new priest was sent to the village where I live. He started telling me it was

necessary to speak English very well. He brought as an argument the fact that one day his good friend

from England would come in Romania and he would spend some time in our village. The curiosityurged me to ask more details about this Englishman who was, in fact, a priest. Father Jonnathan is a

servant at the Orthodox parish from Lancaster. But this chosen of God was, in the beginning, an

Anglican priest. The fact that the Anglican Church permitted women to occupy the function of a priest

dissatisfied him and for this reason he was determined to leave the faith specific to English

people,converting to Orthodoxy. This action undertaken by father Jonnathan surprised me and made me

curious about the Anglican religion.

After I learned this thing, I began to be restless, asking myself But what is the Anglican Church?

. I knew very little information about this creed. Although I wished to learn more things about the

Orthodox faith and to become a priest, I considered it was not a bad thing if I knew the religion of a

people whose language I had been learning since I was a pupil. I thought that being acquainted to

particulars about the religion of inhabitants from the United Kingdom was a way through which I could

find out something about the English people. As a result, I chose to prepare this paper about

Anglicanism.

I read in history books about king Henry VIII who decided to break relations with the pope from

Rome. He chose to leave the Catholic Church and founded the Church of England. Thisschism achieved

by a king from his own interests led to the birth of a new division of Christianism. The effects of this

breaking were not good, in the contemporaneity this English institution taking some decisions whichpassed the teaching given by God. Are these acts the results of the reformer spirit from the interior of

this Church or the results of the English spirit?

Also, the discussions with some colleagues determined me to search pieces of information about the

genuine leader of Anglicans. Who is the one: the Archbishop of Canterbury or the British sovereign?

These questions are a part of my curiosity and for this reason I consider the Anglicanism a subject

which must be treated with seriosity, seeing that the Anglican Church is a national church with a cult

characteristic to English people.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom


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1. Introduction

Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches

which are historically tied to it or have similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The

word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that

means the English Church. As an adjective, "Anglican" is used to describe the people, institutions and

churches, as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts, developed by the Church ofEngland. As a noun, an Anglican is a member of a church in the Anglican Communion. The word

Anglicanism is a neologism from the 19th century; constructed from the older word Anglican.The great

majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican

Communion. There are, however, a number of churches outside of the Anglican Communion which also

consider themselves to be Anglican, most notably those referred to as Continuing Anglican churches.

Anglicanism, in its structures, theology and forms of worship, is commonly understood as a distinct

Christian tradition representing a middle ground between what are perceived to be the extremes of the

claims of 16th century Roman Catholicism and the Lutheran and Reformed varieties ofProtestantism of

that era. As such, it is often referred to as being a via media (or "middle way") between these traditions.

The faith of Anglicans is founded in the Scriptures and the Gospels, the traditions of the ApostolicChurch, the historical episcopate, the first seven ecumenical councils and the early Church Fathers.

Anglicans understand the Old and New Testaments as "containing all things necessary for salvation" and

as being the rule and ultimate standard of faith. Anglicans understand the Apostles' Creed as the

baptismal symbol and the Nicene Creed as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith.

The word refers to the teachings and rites of Christians throughout the world in communion with

the See ofCanterbury. It has come to be used to refer to the claim of these churches to a unique religious

and theological tradition apart from all other Christian churches, be they Orthodox, Roman Catholic or

Protestant; and is entirely distinct from the allegiance of some of these churches to the British Crown.

2. A History of Anglicanism

An Ancient Church

The roots of the Church of England go back to the time of the Roman Empire when a Christian

church came into existence in what was then the Roman province of Britain. The early Christian writers

Tertullian and Origen mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth

century British bishops attended a number of the great councils of the Church such as the Council ofArles in 314 and the Council of Rimini in 359. The first member of the British church whom we know
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_Anglicanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostle_%28Christian%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_episcopatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles%27_Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_of_faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Crownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Crownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statement_of_faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles%27_Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_episcopatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostle_%28Christian%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_Anglicanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity


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by name is St Alban, who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans

Abbey now stands.

The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick

evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in

the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England.

In 597 a mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great and led by St Augustine of Canterbury landed in Kentto begin the work of converting these pagan peoples. What eventually became known as the Church of

England (the Ecclesia Anglicana - or the English Church) was the result of a combination of three

streams of Christianity, the Roman tradition of St Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old

Romano-British church and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people

like St Aidan and St Cuthbert.

An English Church

These three streams came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local

synods, of which the Synod of Whitby in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The

result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fullyassimilated into the mainstream of the Christian Church of the west. This meant that it was influenced

by the wider development of the Western Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church

architecture, and the development of monasticism. It also meant that until the Reformation in the 16th

century the Church of England acknowledged the authority of the Pope.

A reformed Church

At the Reformation the Western Church became divided between those who continued to accept

Papal authority and the various Protestant churches that repudiated it. The Church of England was

among the churches that broke with Rome. The catalyst for this decision was the refusal of the Pope to

allow the divorce between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, but underlying this was a Tudornationalist belief that authority over the English Church properly belonged to the English monarchy. In

1531 Henry persuaded the bishops to make him head of the Church in England,and this became law

after Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534.It was a popular decision.Henry was now free to

divorce Catherine and marry his new love,Anne Boleyn.Henrys break with Rome was purely

political.He did not approve of the new ideas of Reformation Protestantism introduced by Martin Luther

in Germany and John calvin in Geneva. He still believed in the Catholic faith.

In the reign of Henry's son Edward VI the Church of England underwent further reformation, driven

by the conviction that the theology being developed by the theologians of the Protestant Reformation

was more faithful to the teaching of the Bible and the Early Church than the teaching of those who

continued to support the Pope.

In the reign of Mary Tudor, the Church of England once again submitted to Papal authority.

However, this policy was reversed when Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558.

The religious settlement that eventually emerged in the reign of Elizabeth gave the Church of

England the distinctive identity that it has retained to this day. It resulted in a Church that consciously

retained a large amount of continuity with the Church of the Patristic and Medieval periods in terms of

its use of the catholic creeds, its pattern of ministry, its buildings and aspects of its liturgy, but whichalso embodied Protestant insights in its theology and in the overall shape of its liturgical practice. The

way that this is often expressed is by saying that the Church of England is both 'catholic and reformed.'


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At the end of the 16th century Richard Hooker produced the classic defence of the Elizabethan

settlement in his Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, a work which sought to defend the Church of

England against its Puritan critics who wanted further changes to make the Church of England more like

the churches of Geneva or Scotland.

An established Church

In the 17th century continuing tensions within the Church of England over theological and liturgical

issues were among the factors that led to the English Civil War. The Church was associated with the

losing Royalist side and during the period of the Commonwealth from 1649-1660 its bishops were

abolished and its prayer book, the Book of Common Prayer, was banned. With the restoration of the

monarchy in 1660 this situation was reversed and in 1662 those clergy who could not accept this

decision were forced to leave their posts. These dissenting clergy and their congregations were then

persecuted until 1689 when the Toleration Act gave legal existence to those Protestant groups outside

the Church of England who accepted the doctrine of the Trinity.

The settlement of 1689 has remained the basis of the constitutional position of the Church of

England ever since, a constitutional position in which the Church of England has remained theestablished Church with a range of particular legal privileges and responsibilities, but with ever

increasing religious and civil rights being granted to other Christians, those of other faiths and those

professing no faith at all.

As well as being the established Church in England, the Church of England has also become the

mother church of the Anglican Communion, a group of separate churches that are in communion with

the Archbishop of Canterbury and for whom he is the focus of unity.

A comprehensive Church

The history of the Church of England from the 18th century onwards has been enriched by the co-

existence within it of three broad traditions, the Evangelical, the Catholic and the Liberal. It should be

noted that these three traditions have not existed in strict isolation. Both in the case of individuals and in

the case of the Church as a whole, influences from all three traditions have overlapped in a whole

variety of different ways. It also needs to be noted that since the 1960's a fourth influence, the

Charismatic movement, has become increasingly important. This has emphasized the importance of the

Church being open to renewal through the work of the Holy Spirit. Its roots lie in Evangelicalism but it

has influenced people from a variety of different traditions.

In the following century, two further factors acted to accelerate the development of a distinct

Anglican identity. From 1828 and 1829, Dissenters and Roman Catholics could be elected to the House

of Commons, which consequently ceased to be a body drawn purely from the established churches of

Scotland, England and Ireland; but which nevertheless, over the following ten years, engaged in

extensive reforming legislation affecting the interests of the established United Church of England andIreland. The propriety of this legislation was bitterly contested by the Oxford Movement (Tractarians),

who in response developed a vision of Anglicanism as religious tradition deriving ultimately from the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissentershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissenters


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Ecumenical Councils of the patristic church. Those within the Church of England opposed to the

Tractarians, and to their revived ritual practices, introduced a stream of Parliamentary Bills aimed to

control innovations in worship; but this only made the dilemma more acute, with consequent continual

litigation in the secular and ecclesiastical courts.

Over the same period Anglican churches engaged vigorously in Christian missions, resulting in the

creation, by the end of the century, of over ninety colonial bishoprics; which gradually coalesced intonew self-governing churches on the Canadian and American models. However, the case ofJohn William

Colenso Bishop of Natal, reinstated in 1865 by the English Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

over the heads of the Church in South Africa, demonstrated acutely that the extension of episcopacy had

to be accompanied by a recognised Anglican ecclesiology of ecclesiastical authority, distinct from

secular power.

Consequently, at the instigation of the bishops of Canada and South Africa, the first Lambeth

Conference was called in 1867; to be followed by further conferences in 1878 and 1888, and thereafter

at ten-year intervals. The various papers and declarations of successive Lambeth Conferences, have

served to frame the continued Anglican debate on identity, especially as relating to the possibility of

ecumenical discussion with other churches. This ecumenical aspiration became much more of apossibility, as other denominational groups rapidly followed the example of the Anglican Communion in

founding their own transnational alliances: the Alliance of Reformed Churches, the Ecumenical

Methodist Council, the International Congregational Council, and the Baptist World Alliance.

3. The Rituals and Organization of Anglican Church

In accord with its prevailing self-identity as avia mediaor "middle path" ofWestern Christianity,

Anglican sacramental theology expresses elements in keeping with its status as being both a church in

the Catholic tradition as well as a Reformed church. With respect to sacramental theology the Catholic

heritage is perhaps most strongly asserted in the importance Anglicanism places on the sacraments as a

means ofgrace, sanctification and salvation as expressed in the church's liturgy and doctrine.

Of the seven sacraments, all Anglicans recognise Baptism and the Eucharist as being directlyinstituted by Christ. The other five Confession and absolution, Matrimony, Confirmation, Holy

Orders (also called Ordination) and Anointing of the Sick (also called Unction) are regarded

variously as full sacraments by Anglo-Catholics, many High Church and some Broad Church Anglicans.

The canon law of the Church of England identifies the Christian scriptures as the source of its

doctrine. In addition, doctrine is also derived from the teachings of the Church Fathers and ecumenical

councils (as well as the ecumenical creeds) in so far as these agree with scripture. This doctrine is

expressed in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion, the Book of Common Prayer, and the Ordinal

containing the rites for the ordination of deacons, priests, and the consecration of bishops. Unlike other

traditions, the Church of England has no single theologian that it can look to as a founder. However,

Richard Hooker's appeal to scripture, church tradition, and reason as sources of authority continue toinform Anglican identity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_Councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_%28Christian%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Colensohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Colensohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Natalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Methodist_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Methodist_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_gracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession_%28sacrament%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_view_of_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_%28sacrament%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Ordershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Ordershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_creedshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles_of_Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hookerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_traditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_traditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hookerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles_of_Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_creedshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_councilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Fathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Ordershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Ordershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_%28sacrament%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_view_of_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession_%28sacrament%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_gracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Reformationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Methodist_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Methodist_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Natalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Colensohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Colensohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_%28Christian%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_Councils


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The Church of England's doctrinal character today is largely the result of the Elizabethan

Settlement, which sought to establish a comprehensive middle way between Catholicism and

Protestantism. The Church of England affirms the Protestant Reformation principle that scripture

contains all things necessary to salvation and is the final arbiter in doctrinal matters. The Thirty-nine

Articles are the Church's only official confessional statement. Though not a complete system of

doctrine, the articles highlight areas of agreement with Lutheran and Reformed positions, while

differentiating Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism and Anabaptism.

While embracing some themes of the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England also

maintains Catholic traditions of the ancient church and teachings of the Church Fathers, unless these are

considered contrary to scripture. It accepts the decisions of the first four ecumenical councils concerning

the Trinity and the Incarnation. The Church of England also preserves Catholic order by adhering to

episcopal polity, with ordained orders of bishops, priests and deacons. There are differences of opinion

within the Church of England over the necessity of episcopacy. Some consider it essential, while others

feel it is needed for the proper ordering of the church.

The Church of England has, as one of its distinguishing marks, a breadth and "open-mindedness".

This tolerance has allowed Anglicans who emphasise the Catholic tradition and others who emphasisethe Reformed tradition to coexist. The three "parties" in the Church of England are sometimes called

high church (orAnglo-Catholic), low church (or evangelical) andbroad church (or liberal). The high

church party places importance on the Church of England's continuity with the pre-Reformation

Catholic Church, adherence to ancient liturgical usages and the sacerdotal nature of the priesthood. As

their name suggests, Anglo-Catholics maintain many traditional Catholic practices and liturgical forms.

The low church party is more Protestant in both ceremony and theology. Historically, broad church

has been used to describe those of middle of the road ceremonial preferences who leaned theologically

towards liberal Protestantism.

Worship and liturgy

The Church of England's official book of liturgy as established in English Law is the Book ofCommon Prayer(BCP), but there are many examples of local variations throughout the churches of the

Anglican Communion. The work of 1549 was the first prayer book to include the complete forms of

service for daily and Sunday worship in English. It contained Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer, the

Litany, and Holy Communion and also the occasional services in full: the orders for Baptism,

Confirmation, Marriage,'prayers to be said with the sick' and a Funeral service. It also set out in full the

"propers" (that is the parts of the service which varied week by week or, at times, daily throughout the

Church's Year): the Collect and the Epistle and Gospel readings for the Sunday Communion Service.

Old Testament andNew Testament readings for daily prayer were specified in tabular format as werethe Psalms; and canticles, mostly biblical, that were provided to be said or sung between the readings. In

addition to this book the General Synod has also legislated for a modern liturgical book, Common

Worship, dating from 2000, which can be used as an alternative to the BCP.

The liturgies are organised according to the traditional liturgical yearand the calendar of saints. The

sacraments ofbaptism and the Eucharist are generally thought necessary to salvation. Infant baptism is

practiced. At a later age, individuals baptised as infants receive confirmationby a bishop, at which time

they reaffirm the baptismal promises made by their parents or sponsors. The Eucharist, consecrated by a

thanksgiving prayer including Christ's Words of Institution, is believed to be "a memorial of Christ's

once-for-all redemptive acts in which Christ is objectively present and effectually received in faith".

The use of hymns and music in the Church of England has changed dramatically over the centuries.

Traditional Choral evensong is a staple of most cathedrals. The style ofpsalm chanting harks back to the
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Church of England's pre-reformation roots. During the 18th century, clergy such as Charles Wesley

introduced their own styles of worship with poetic hymns.

Structure

Like the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, the Anglican Communion maintains the threefold

ministry of deacons, presbyters (usually called "priests") and bishops.

Women's ministry

Women were appointed as deaconesses from 1861 but they could not function fully as deacons and

were not considered ordained clergy. Women have been lay readers for a long time. During the First

World War some women were appointed as lay readers known as "Bishop's Messengers". After that no

more lay readers were appointed until 1969.

Legislation authorising the ordination of women as deacons was passed in 1986 and they were first

ordained in 1987. The ordination of women as priests was passed by the General Synod in 1993 and

began in 1994. In July 2005 the synod voted to "set in train" the process of allowing the consecration of

women as bishops. In February 2006 the synod voted overwhelmingly for the "further exploration" of

possible arrangements for parishes that did not want to be directly under the authority of a woman

bishop.On 7 July 2008 the Synod voted to approve the ordination of women as bishops and rejected

moves for alternative episcopal oversight for those who do not accept women bishops. Actual

ordinations of women to the episcopate will require further legislation which was narrowly rejected in a

vote at General Synod in November 2012.

Article XIX (Of the Church) of the 39 Articles defines the church as follows:

The visible Church of Christ is a congregation of faithful men, in which the pure Word of God is

preached, and the sacraments be duly ministered according to Christ's ordinance in all those things that

of necessity are requisite to the same.

The British monarch has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

The canon law of the Church of England states, "We acknowledge that the Queens most excellent

Majesty, acting according to the laws of the realm, is the highest power under God in this kingdom, and

has supreme authority over all persons in all causes, as well ecclesiastical as civil." In practice thispower is often exercised through Parliament and the Prime Minister.

In addition to England, the jurisdiction of the Anglican Church extends to the Isle of Man, the

Channel Islands and a few parishes in Flintshire, Monmouthshire and Radnorshire in Wales (the present

Church in Wales was an integral part of the Church of England until 1920). Expatriate congregations on

the continent of Europe have become the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe.

The church is structured as follows (from the lowest level upwards):

Parish

Deanery,e.g., Lewisham or Runnymede.
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Archdeaconry, e.g., the seven in the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe.

Diocese,e.g., Diocese of Durham, Diocese of Guildford, Diocese of St Albans.

Province,i.e., Canterbury or York. This is the area under the jurisdiction of an archbishop,i.e. the

Archbishops of Canterbury and York. Decision-making within the province is the responsibility of the

General Synod (see also above). A province is subdivided into dioceses.

Primacy, i.e., Church of England. In addition to his specific authority in his own province, each

archbishop is "Primate of All England" (Canterbury) or "Primate of England" (York) and has powers

that extend over the whole countryfor example his license to marry without the banns (marriage

licence).

Royal Peculiar, a small number of churches more closely associated with the Crown, and a very few

with the law and are outside the usual church hierarchy though conforming to the rite. These are outside

episcopal jurisdiction.

Primates

The most senior bishop of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is the

Metropolitan of the southern province of England, the Province of Canterbury. He has the status of

Primate of All England. The Archbishop is, therefore, recognised asprimus inter pares, or first amongst

equals even though he does not exercise any direct authority in any province outside England, of which

he is chief primate. He is the focus of unity for the worldwide Anglican Communion of independent

national or regional churches. As "spiritual head" of the Communion, the Archbishop of Canterbury

maintains a certain moral authority, and has the right to determine which churches will be in communion

with his See. He hosts and chairs the Lambeth Conferences of Anglican Communion bishops, and

decides who will be invited to them. He also hosts and chairs the Anglican Communion Primates'

Meeting and is responsible for the invitations to it. He acts as president of the secretariat of the Anglican

Communion Office, and its deliberative body, the Anglican Consultative Council. Rowan Williams

became Archbishop of Canterbury in 2002.

The second most senior bishop is the Archbishop of York, who is the Metropolitan of the northern

province of England, the Province of York. For historical reasons (relating to the time of York's control

by the Danes) he is referred to as the Primate of England. John Sentamubecame Archbishop of York in

2005.

The Bishop of London, the Bishop of Durham and the Bishop of Winchester are ranked in the next

three positions.

Diocesan bishops

The process of appointing diocesan bishops is complex and is handled by the Crown Nominations

Committee which submits names to the Prime Minister (acting on behalf of the Crown) for

consideration.

Representative bodies

The Church of England has a legislative body, the General Synod. Synod can create two types of

legislation, measures and canons. Measures have to be approved but cannot be amended by the British
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Parliamentbefore receiving the Royal Assent and becoming part of the law of England. Canons require

Royal Licence and Royal Assent, but form the law of the church, rather than the law of the land.

Another assembly is the Convocation of the English Clergy (older than the General Synod and its

predecessor the Church Assembly). There are also diocesan synods and deanery synods.

House of Lords

Of the 44 diocesan archbishops and bishops in the Church of England, 26 are permitted to sit in theHouse of Lords. The Archbishops ofCanterbury and Yorkautomatically have seats, as do the Bishops

ofLondon, Durham and Winchester. The remaining 21 seats are filled in order of seniority by

consecration. It may take a diocesan bishop a number of years to reach the House of Lords, at which

point he becomes a Lord Spiritual. The Bishop of Sodor and Man and the Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe

are not eligible to sit in the House of Lords as their dioceses lie outside the United Kingdom.
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4. Important people in Anglican Church

Augustine of Canterbury (first third

of the 6th centuryprobably 26 May 604)

was a Benedictine monk who became the

first Archbishop of Canterbury in the year

597. He is considered the "Apostle to the

English" and a founder of the English

Church.The archbishop probably died in

604 and was soon revered as a saint.

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 28

January 1547) was king of England from

21 April 1509 until his death. He was lord,

and later king, of Ireland, as well ascontinuing the nominal claim by the

English monarchs to the Kingdom of

France. Henry was the second monarch of

the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father,

Henry VII.

Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII

is known for his role in the separation of

the Church of England from the Roman

Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with

Rome led to the separation of the Churchof England from papal authority, the

Dissolution of the Monasteries, and

establishing himself as the Supreme Head

of the Church of England. Yet he remained

a believer in core Catholic theological

teachings, even after his excommunication

from the Catholic Church.Henry oversawthe legal union ofEngland and Wales with

the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542.
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Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 21

March 1556) was a leader of the EnglishReformation and Archbishop of

Canterbury during the reigns of Henry

VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time,

Mary I. He helped build a favourable case

for Henry's divorce from Catherine of

Aragon which resulted in the separation of

the English Church from union with the

Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell,

he supported the principle of Royal

Supremacy, in which the king was

considered sovereign over the Church

within his realm.

Richard Hooker (March 1554 3

November 1600) was an Anglican priest

and an influential theologian. Hooker's

emphases on reason, tolerance and the

value of tradition came to exert a lasting

influence on the development of the

Church of England. In retrospect he has

been taken (with Thomas Cranmer and

Matthew Parker) as a founder ofAnglicantheological thought.

Matthew Parker (6 August 150417

May 1575) was Archbishop of Canterbury

from 1559 until his death in 1575. He was

also an influential theologian and arguably

the co-founder (with Thomas Cranmerand

Richard Hooker) of a distinctive traditionof Anglican theological thought.

Parker was one of the primary

architects of the Thirty-Nine Articles, the

defining statements of Anglican doctrine.

The Parker collection of early English

manuscripts, including the book of St.

Augustine Gospels and Version A of the

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was created as

part of his efforts to demonstrate that the

English Church was historically

independent from Rome, creating one of

the world's most important collections of

ancient manuscripts.
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Lancelot Andrewes (1555 25

September 1626) was an English bishopand scholar, who held high positions in the

Church of England during the reigns of

Queen Elizabeth I and King James I.

During the latter's reign, Andrewes served

successively as Bishop of Chichester, Ely

and Winchester and oversaw the

translation of the Authorized Version (or

King James Version) of the Bible. In the

Church of England he is commemorated

on 25 September with a Lesser Festival.

Jeremy Taylor (15 August 161313August 1667) was a cleric in the Church of

England who achieved fame as an author

during the Protectorate of Oliver

Cromwell. He is sometimes known as the

"Shakespeare of Divines" for his poetic

style of expression and was often presented

as a model of prose writing. He isremembered in the Church of England's

calendar of saints with a Lesser Festival on

13 August.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Chichesterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Elyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchesterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version_of_the_Biblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version_of_the_Biblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clergyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protectoratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_%28Church_of_England%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_%28Church_of_England%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protectoratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clergyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Festivalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version_of_the_Biblehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchesterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Elyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Chichesterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Englandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England


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Famous places in Anglican Church

St Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral and seat of the Bishop of

London. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site,

founded in AD 604. St Paul's sits at the top ofLudgate Hill, the highest point in the City of

London, and is the mother church of the Diocese of London. The present church dating fromthe late 17th century was built to an English Baroque design ofSir Christopher Wren, as part

of a major rebuilding program which took place in the city after the Great Fire of London, and

was completed within his lifetime.

The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London, with its

dome, framed by the spires of Wren's City churches, dominating the skyline for 300 years. At

365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1962, and its dome

is also among the highest in the world. In terms of area, St Paul's is the second largest church

building in the United Kingdom afterLiverpool Cathedral.

St Paul's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity of the Englishpopulation. It is the central subject of much promotional material, as well as postcard images

of the dome standing tall, surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz. Important services

held at St Paul's include the funerals ofLord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and SirWinston

Churchill; Jubilee celebrations forQueen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First

and Second World Wars; the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer,

the launch of the Festival of Britain and the thanksgiving services for the Golden Jubilee, the

80th Birthday and the Diamond Jubilee ofElizabeth II. St Paul's Cathedral is a busy working

church, with hourly prayer and daily services.

Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famousChristian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of

the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the

worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical

Church of Christ at Canterbury.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludgate_Hillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Baroquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Christopher_Wrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blitzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Nelsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales,_and_Lady_Diana_Spencerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales,_and_Lady_Diana_Spencerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Nelsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blitzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Christopher_Wrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Baroquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludgate_Hillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England


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Westminster Cathedral in London is

the mother church of the Catholic

community in England and Wales and the

Metropolitan Church and Cathedral of the

Archbishop of Westminster. It is dedicatedto the "Most Precious Blood of Jesus

Christ".

York Minster is a cathedral in York,England and is one of the largest of its kind

in Northern Europe. The minster is the seat

of the Archbishop of York, the second-

highest office of the Church of England

and is the cathedral for the Diocese of

York; it is run by a dean and chapter under

the Dean of York. The formal title of York

Minster is "The Cathedral and

Metropolitical Church of St Peter in York".

The title "minster" is attributed to churches

established in the Anglo-Saxon period as

missionary teaching churches, and serves

now as an honorific title. Services in the

minster are sometimes regarded as on theHigh Church orAnglo-Catholic end of the

Anglican continuum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_and_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minster_%28church%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Catholichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minster_%28church%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_and_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London


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5. Conclusion

In conclusion, Anglicanism is a religion specific to the English people who live both in

the United Kingdom and U.S.A. or in the former colonies of the English monarchy. Created inthe XVIth century , Anglican Church has chosen along the time a middle path ( via media ),

between the Catholic Church and Protestantism. From century to century,this English

institution accepted the introduction of some innovations in her specific cult,coming to the

approval of womens ministry in the XXth century. Also,The Anglican Church permitted the

preaching and praying in English in churches.At the same time, the Bible was translated from

Latin to English when King James reigned, being published in 1611. Anglicanism impressed

through the wonderful cathedrals specific to this cult with famous architectural styles which

make them known in the entire world.

Therefore, I consider that Anglicanism is an interesting religion which offers us the

possibility of learning a part of U.K.s history, but sometimes this cult has put humanity onthe first place,disregarding God.This is visible when Henry VIII chose to break the relations

with Catholic Church, considering himself an important person to wed once.Unfortunately,

although he achieved a schism which seemed to be political,other persons like some priests or

bishops separated completely from the other religions,both administratively and

dogmatically,creating a new Church, which, in my opinion, has allowed many things and has

forgotten reading the Holy Scriptures carefully several times.


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1.An Illustrated History of Britain

2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism

3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of _England

4.http://www.theopedia.com/Anglicanism

5.http://christchurchrawdon.com/history-2/history-of-anglicanism

6. Bibliography
http://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=bibliographyhttp://hallo.ro/search.do?l=ro&d=en&query=bibliography

Documents

Anglicanism 3