Hey you kids, get out a sheet of paper and write your name, date, and period in the upper right hand corner. Title this paper “Jackson Day 1 CFU”

And don’t make me have to tell you twice!

What would the Founding Fathers have thought about Andrew Jackson?

What would Jefferson think? What would Hamilton think?

Jackson on Democracy“The principle of rotation…that the duties of all public officers are so plain and simple that men of intelligence may rapidly qualify themselves for their performance. In a country were offices are created solely for the benefit of the people not one man has any more intrinsic right to official station than another.”-President Jackson, 1829

What were the main points Dr. Feller made about Jacksonian Democracy?

The County Election by George Caleb Bingham. Bingham had experience in Missouri politics, which he used to inform this work, painted in 1851. What does this painting tell you about how the new “modern” elections worked, in Bingham’s depiction?

The Age of Jackson(Part 1)

THE AGE OF JACKSON (PART 1)

Post War of 1812 changes:

Economic Changes: Post war industrialization

in the Northeast Refocus away from Europe Improvement of internal

transportation & communication

Cotton rapidly comes to dominate the Southern economy

Political Changes: Economic prosperity more

equally distributed Opportunity = greater

democratic participation Many Americans felt that govt

should prevent unfair advantages

Westward movement helps to bring down barriers to voting

Growth & acceptance of political parties

The Origins of Nullification

Factors contributing to the crisis: Southern cotton economy =

aggressive defense of slavery Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion in

1831 The Tariff of 1828

(aka “The Tariff of Abominations”.)

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Nullification Doctrine

Calhoun penned a pamphlet called “Exposition & Protest”: Federal legislation detrimental

to a state > could be ruled null and void (tariffs)

If ¾ of states nullified a law it would be void nation wide

Federal govt interference was grounds for secession from the Union

“Hey you kids, get off my lawn!”

Webster-Hayne Debates

*See Mr. Harper’s Lecture Notes

1832 – The Nullification Crisis In 1832, Congress passed yet another

Tariff Bill. A state convention in SC nullified the

Tariffs of 1828 & 1832 and threatened secession if the govt attempted to use force.

Calhoun resigns as VP and is elected as senator.

SC Legislature made provisions for the raising & arming of troops.

1832 – Nullification CrisisJackson’s Response: Federal laws cannot be

disobeyed Secession was illegal Disunion by force was treason Jackson secured a Force Bill

from Congress, which granted him authority to prepare for military action. US Navy ships were deployed, and forts in the region were reinforced.

Cooler Heads Prevail

Clay’s Compromise of 1833: A new tariff bill would pass

providing for a gradual reduction of tariffs over 10 years.

The president was authorized to use the military to collect taxes in SC.

South Carolina was to suspend and ultimately rescind the ordinance of nullification.

Henry Clay So, who won?

American Attitudes about the Indians

Rationale for action: Indians stood in the way of progress

– esp. in the South. Indians could not, nor would not

assimilate. Assimilation in the South was very

unpopular – if we assimilate the “Red Man” how long before we are called on to assimilate the “Black Man.”

Indian removal was not a national priority until the expansion of political democracy.

Sketch of a Creek Indian

“Sharp Knife” and the Indians1830 Indian Removal ActLegislation proposed Indian lands within the 24 states be exchanged for lands west of the Mississippi River.1831 Cherokee Nation v. GeorgiaCourt ruled that Indians were “domestic dependents” of the Federal Govt and not subject to state laws.1832 Worcester v. GeorgiaState of Georgia was ordered not to interfere with the Cherokee.*Jackson will quietly pressure the governor of Georgia to acquiesce (Why?), while the Cherokee will be encouraged to remove to the west.

The Trail of Tears

The Cherokee ultimately sign the Treaty of Echota in 1835. While given two years to prepare for the move to the West, many Cherokee believed that a compromise could be found. They were wrong. Georgia authorities, itching to rid themselves of the “Redskins”, were very harsh when they forcibly evicted the Cherokee.

Jackson the “Great Father” Jackson believed that he was

sparing the Indians annihilation.

To him the Indians constituted a danger and threat to the security of the US.

To preserve Indian culture, it must be removed from white culture.

*Although they came at a high price, were Jackson’s policies toward the Indians correct?