and Development Studies Centre for International Environment · Noragric, the Centre for International Environment and . Development Studies. Established in 1986, Noragric is the

Centre for International Environment and Development Studies

AGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY OF NORWAY

Countries with Noragric activities

Contents

Perspectives from the Board .....................3

Message from the outgoing Director ........4

Message from the new Director ................5

Noragric’s professional challenge ............5

Programmes, Projects and Assignments.............................................. 7

Masters’ Theses ......................................15

Institutional Cooperation .........................17

Education ................................................19

Information Dissemination .......................22

Financial Overview ..................................23

Publications .............................................24

Who’s Who at Noragric ...........................29

Acronyms ................................................31

Photo credits: T.A. Benjaminsen (pp. 1, 7, 12, 16), I. Bryceson (p. 1), I. Jørgensen (p. 16), S. Movik (p. 24), NLH (pp. 22, 32). G. Oba (p. 11), G. Synnevåg (p. 18), J. Teurlings (pp. 1, 21), M. Vegara (p. 29).

Editor: Joanna Boddens-HosangLayout: Spekter Reklamebyrå as, ÅsPrinter: Østfold Trykkeri as

This is Noragric, the Centre for International Environment and Development Studies

Established in 1986, Noragric is the Agricultural University of Norway’s (NLH) Centre for International Environment and Development Studies. It brings together research, education and assignments with a focus on developing countries and countries with economies in transition (mainly Eastern European countries). In addition to having its own academic profile, Noragric acts on behalf of NLH and the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine (NVH) and encourages cooperation with associ-ated institutions.

Noragric’s objective is to:

Promote equitable development and community empowerment in low-income countries and countries with an economy in transition, through generating and disseminating knowledge in the areas of sustainable agriculture, food security, natural resources manage-ment and environmental policy.

Noragric is central in realising the NLH/NVH strategic objectives of international cooperation. This includes making NLH and NVH compe-tence available for Norwegian development cooperation and for inter-national institutions. Based on over 30 years of collaboration between NLH and academic and professional institutions in Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe, Noragric has established a broad network of world-wide contacts.

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The year 2001 marked a few changes: a change of director after six years, some internal organisational changes espe-cially in relation to the University, and the closing of the Board at the end of the year.

Throughout 2001 there were quite some outputs within all fields of activities - education, research and assignments. The MNRSA programme linkages with Nepal and Uganda were strengthened as contracts were signed with Tribhuvan Univer-sity and Makerere University respectively as part of the region-alisation process. These contracts emphasise the possibilities for capacity building and further collaboration with both Nor-agric and with NLH. The aim is to enhance the flexibility of education by adapting the MNRSA programme to local and regional needs and by involving these institutions in the pro-gramme. Students will be able to do an extended part of their studies regionally. In addition, NLH approved a new MSc programme in Development Studies that is set to start in the autumn of 2002.

For Noragric’s researchers 2001 has been a busy year. A record number of publications was produced; the average number of titles per scientific staff member was the highest of all NLH departments when calculating the ratio staff/publications. The progress in the field of research can perhaps also be explained by the increase of research grants through NFR, and all the efforts taken to enhance the internal capacity of PhD related education. At the end of the year the PhD pro-gramme included 12 students, half of which came from part-ner universities in the South.

The portfolio of assignments was extensive. Noragric has a long and continuous record of institution building projects which are often based on long-term contracts with institutions of higher education. But there is also collaboration with other kinds of institutions, including planning and development agencies. Internationalisation through different kinds of collab-orating activities is highly prioritised by NLH following a white paper of the Parliament indicating the need for internationalis-

ing Norwegian higher education. In this regard Noragric plays a key role for NLH and NVH when it comes to international activities. This has also led to the efforts initiated in the second half of the year to strengthen collaboration with the so-called NARI institutes in Ås.

Noragric and the Board bade farewell to the director of six years, Thor Larsen, who stepped down on August 1st. Thor has been a brilliant ambassador not only for Noragric but for the whole of NLH. He has played a significant role in bringing Noragric to what it is today: a renowned academic and highly professional centre of international standing. The Board has appreciated collaborating with Thor and sincerely thank him for his full dedication and commitment he has given to Norag-ric over the years. We wish him all the best in the future.

Looking back over the past three years as Chairman of the Board, a lot of progress has been made in many areas. Three years ago, Noragric raised some NOK 36 million per year through external contracts. By 2001, that amount had increased to NOK 45 million of which some NOK 11 million went to NLH/NVH departments and external institutes. And academically, Noragric’s research and education programmes have made tremendous progress. The PhD programme today is a solid programme that has seen an increase in funding and in women PhD-holders over the years. Also, mostly due to the managerial insight of the outgoing director, Noragric went through an organisational modernisation process establishing middle leaders with clear roles and responsibilities.

And finally I must thank my fellow Board members for their input and support during their appointed terms. Now that the Board’s mandate is over, we can look back at a productive three years in which we have contributed to Noragric’s overall improved situation. I wish you, and the Noragric staff, well.

August E. RøsnesChairman

Perspectives from the Board

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Another good and fruitful year is behind us and we at Nor-agric have every reason to be satisfied with our achieve-ments. We are firmly established as a multi-disciplinary centre at the Agricultural University, and we are widely recognized in Norway and abroad, largely due to our professional staff that has much experience in science, education and develop-ment.

To highlight a few events from the first half of the year, in March, NORAD invited Noragric/NLH to host a conference on the importance of agriculture, food security and management of natural resources in development cooperation. The confer-ence was well attended by people from the University and other institutions at Ås, from NORAD and the Ministry of For-eign Affairs (MFA), and many others. We truly appreciated this opportunity to address and focus upon this important topic.

Prior to the conference, Noragric published the booklet Suc-cesses in Rural Development, edited by Ruth Haug and Josie Teurlings, containing examples from many countries that had proved to be successful over time and have provided impor-tant ”lessons learned”. I also want to mention another book published by Noragric’s Tor Arve Benjaminsen, together with Christian Lund, titled Politics, property and production: Under-standing natural resources management in the West African Sahel. I am convinced that these two books, plus very many other publications by Noragric’s staff, contribute to a better understanding of the socio-economic and ecological impor-tance of these issues, and ultimately leads to more support to agricultural and development projects.

In late March, I represented Noragric at a conference in South Africa, hosted by the Norwegian Embassy and South Africa’s Department of Education, in cooperation with Nor-way’s Research Council and its sister-organisation in South Africa, the National Research Foundation (NRF). The outcome of this conference, which was attended by Norwegian univer-sities and research institutions and by several South African universities and Government agencies, provides new fund-ing and challenging research opportunities for Noragric and NLH’s departments. I also visited the University of Fort Hare, which has been an NLH partner for a very long time, and discussed new opportunities such as joint research, teach-ing and student supervision. Fort Hare’s Vice Chancellor and senior staff paid a return visit to Norway in August, which

allowed for detailed discussions with departments and insti-tutes and for field visits.

Because Noragric is a catalyst for international cooperation at NLH, we appreciated that the University’s Managing Director Einar Eriksen was able to find time to travel with me to Vietnam and Lao PDR in June, when we explored interests for coopera-tion on a possible GEF-funded project on agro-biodiversity in the region. Our small delegation was very well received by our many partners in the two countries, including UNDP and the World Bank.

The Norwegian Peace Corps (Fredskorpset) was reorgan-ised in 2000 and is now established as an independent insti-tution with funding from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). They now focus in particular on South-South-North coopera-tion and target young dedicated people who ”learn by doing” by participating in an exchange programme whereby they work under different political and administrative regimes, in the field and at institutions. Noragric has entered into a part-nership with the ”Fredskorps” together with the Development Fund and the Norwegian small farmers association, as well as 6 partners in Namibia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and Honduras.

Two years ago, Noragric was invited to join in a triangular cooperation together with EARTH University in Costa Rica and the Salzburg Seminar in Austria. The joint project, which is called ”Sustainability, Education and the Management of Change in the Tropics”, targets agricultural institutions of higher learning in Central and Latin America, in Africa and in Asia (see: www.changetropics.org). Noragric hosted the mid-term planning meeting in Norway in June 2001. Regional con-ferences will be held in Africa and in Asia in 2002, and we will then host the final seminar in Norway in September 2003. This will be a challenge indeed!

When I took over as Noragric’s Director in 1995, I made it clear that I would not serve in that position longer than five to six years. During 2001, NLH’s administration and the Univer-sity’s Board agreed to this, and I was allowed to step down in August. I am very happy that Dr. Ruth Haug takes over as Noragric’s Director, and I am convinced that she, with her wide professional background and long international experience, will maintain and improve our centre’s roles and status.

Thor S. Larsen

Message from the outgoing Director

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With much anticipation, I took over as Noragric’s new director on November 1st, 2001. During the last decade, Noragric has evolved into a highly recognised and successful academic competence centre in the field of international environment and development studies. And there are new challenges ahead.

With the World Summit on Sustainable Development coming up in Johannesburg in September 2002 (”Rio + 10”), interna-tional environment and development studies will be in focus for the year to come. One central concern in recent environ-ment and development discourse has been the nature of the relationship between poverty and the environment. The ortho-dox view has been that poor people degrade their environ-ment to survive. However, several studies have showed that the rich, and processes linked to modernisation, are just as frequent contributors to environmental degradation. Poverty and the environment are closely linked albeit in different ways than what was conceived in Rio ten years ago. The rela-tionship between poverty and the environment can be illus-trated in terms of three vitally important dimensions of poverty and well-being: livelihoods, health, and vulnerability. First, the poor are strongly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods as well as the quality of the natural resource base. Second, the contribution of environmental health risk to the total burden of diseases is 10 times larger in poor countries than in rich countries; environmental health risks include lack of safe water, inadequate sanitation and vector-borne dis-eases such as malaria. Third, the poor are also particularly vulnerable to environmental stress and natural disasters such as degradation, droughts and floods.

Although we have increased our understanding of the com-plexity in the link between poverty and the environment, the challenge ahead is still how to achieve sustainable devel-opment. Poverty issues, agricultural development, natural resource management, sustainable livelihoods, rights and conflicts are academic fields that Noragric, in collaboration with partners worldwide, will address through research, edu-cation, institutional collaboration and assignments in the years to come. Building on past successes and looking ahead at new challenges, we have a large task in front of us. To guide us on our path, we will be working on a new strategic plan for the period 2002-2007 early in the year. We hope in particu-lar that collaboration with the NLH and NVH departments, as well as the other specialized institutes in Ås, will improve and be mutually satisfactory.

Ruth Haug

Message from the new Director Noragric’s Professional Challenge

The often-contested relationship between poverty and envi-ronmental degradation plays a central role in environment and development studies. To study this relationship, one needs to analyse the physical changes in the resource base over time as well as the local management of the resources. However, local management is also part of the national and international political economy. National leg-islation and policies, international commodity prices and terms of trade, the framing of global environmental prob-lems and related policies all represent structural frame-works and constraints within which local managers operate. Hence, the international and national level should also be taken into account when studying agricultural development and community based natural resource management.

Focusing on rural development, improved natural resource management and strategies to make agriculture more pro-ductive are critically important if poverty is to be reduced. The overall rationale for Noragric’s activities in research, education and assignments is to contribute towards equita-ble development and community empowerment in accord-ance with its objective.

RESEARCHAs an academic institution, research is an important ele-ment in all Noragric’s activities, which include the educa-tion programmes and the assignments undertaken by staff. The Director of Research and the Research Committee (RC) are responsible for research at Noragric, initiating and co-ordinating research activities and integrating research with education, institutional collaboration and assignments. The Research Committee is also responsible for the PhD programme in Development Studies. Most research activi-ties at Noragric are made possible through institutional col-laboration with partner institutions in southern and eastern countries (see Institutional Collaboration section).

Noragric research programmes and projects focus on the following themes:

• Agricultural development and natural resources• Biodiversity and genetic resources • Rural poverty and rights to resources • Conflicts, change and natural resources

These four themes apply to different ecosystems (drylands/rangelands, mountains/highlands, coastal/aquatic zones, and forests) and use interdisciplinary and problem oriented

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approaches. The outcome of research in these zones contrib-utes to rural development, which is defined as ”processes of change in rural areas contributing to an expansion of peo-ple’s capabilities and improvements in well-being, equity and sustainability”. In commissioned studies and assignments that Noragric takes on, the majority also falls within this profes-sional range.

ASSIGNMENTSNoragric is an active partner for the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and the Ministry of For-eign Affairs (MFA), as well as a number of other national and international institutions in implementing, evaluating, planning, reviewing and assessing development programmes, projects, technical reports and project documents. Noragric also takes part in various international processes, meetings, workshops, expert boards and panels as part of our professional work for various clients. Our role as one of the seven environmental assistance centres to NORAD and MFA has been utilised actively during 2001.

The most important fundament for Noragric’s success in remaining attractive for assisting NORAD and other institutions through various assignments is the experience and expertise developed through the research and education programmes. Noragric makes use of the expertise of not only its own staff, but also of the staff of the NLH departments, independent research institutions located on the campus in Ås, the Norwe-gian School of Veterinary Science in Oslo, and other associ-ated institutions in Norway. When composing teams of experts for a specific project, we also involve regional or domestic experts whenever possible, frequently from our partner univer-sities and partner institutions in the South.

The broad involvement of Noragric and other University staff in assignments is an important part of the Noragric philoso-phy of striking a balance between research and academic approaches on the one hand and real-life problem solving on the other. This way, our contribution to ongoing develop-ment projects and processes help to shorten the loop between knowledge and action.

EDUCATIONNoragric, as part of the Agricultural University of Norway, has emphasized the importance of higher education and has developed its experience particularly in tertiary international education programmes from the onset. The overall objective of Noragric’s education programme is to develop and implement the training of students to contribute to increased awareness and competence in the fields of sustainable agriculture and food security, natural resource management and community development.

The Director of Education heads the Education Committee (EC) and is responsible for the MSc programmes. The study options include the MSc programmes in: Management of Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture - MNRSA, and Development Studies, and web-based distance learning courses. Education at Noragric is developed to be relevant in addressing global development goals such as poverty eradi-cation and natural resource management. Worldwide, there is a shift in trends away from disciplinary agricultural education to interdisciplinary education in rural development, livelihood security and poverty eradication including decentralisation, new partnerships, new approaches to community develop-ment, participation and empowerment.

External Evaluation of the Global Environment Facility (GEF)

During 2001, Noragric’s Senior Advisor Leif E. Christoffersen was Team Leader for the Second Overall Performance Study of the GEF, which was commissioned by the GEF Council, representing its 130 member countries, and by the Monitor-ing and Evaluation Team in the GEF Secretariat. Key issues for the evaluation included an assessment of impact and results of completed GEF projects; the effectiveness of link-ages between international environmental conventions and the GEF; the degree to which GEF policies and programmes have influenced these results; and how GEF’s institutional arrangements and relationships have reflected on its overall performance. The team started its work in January 2001 and during the course of the year met with the various GEF enti-ties (GEF Secretariat, UNDP, UNEP, and the World Bank), held international and regional meetings with other interna-tional agencies and with secretariats of the international envi-ronment conventions, with government officials, and with NGO representatives. It completed its country and project visits in June and presented its draft report to the GEF Council in December 2001 (the final report was completed in January 2002 and is available on the GEF website: www.gefweb.org). The evaluation found very significant project achievements and praised the GEF’s links with the conventions. It was criti-cal of poor country-level coordination and inadequate com-munication of key GEF operational programmes, principles and procedures. In particular the GEF Secretariat should pro-vide better clarity and guidance on key issues relating to how to define global benefits, calculate incremental costs, and provide the associated sustainable development benefits at national and local levels.

Noragric contact: Leif Christoffersen

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Noragric’s areas of focus are brought together under two main headings: Sustainable Agriculture, Food & Livelihood Secu-rity and Natural Resource Management & Community Devel-opment. These form the basis for the research programmes, projects and assignments. These two main headings are sub-divided into the four themes mentioned earlier under Research (above). Below, each theme is listed with the issues addressed and projects and relevant assignments linked to the respec-tive theme.

1. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

» Issues addressed:• How sustainable use of natural resources can be enhanced

to contribute towards improvements in men and women’s livelihoods and well-being;

• How agricultural and rural non-farm growth (e.g. small enterprises) contributes to community development and poverty reduction;

• What role different policies and institutions play in the man-agement of natural resources and community empower-ment including the gender dimension;

• How agricultural production can be increased while at the same time improving the food security situation of the poor;

• How dryland farming challenges should be addressed in relation to rangeland management, animal rearing, crop production and water management;

• How good policies and practices of integrated coastal zone management can be enhanced;

• What kind of integrated plant nutrient management approaches are appropriate to enhance the livelihoods of poor men and women farmers;

• How to facilitate effective and environment friendly man-agement of watersheds;

• The effects of land use change on carbon sequestration;• The impact of global climate change on grazing land;• How the traditional soapberry Endod can be used to control

schistosomiasis (bilharzia). Research projectsSustainable schistomiasis control using Endod, EthiopiaFunded by: NFRPeriod: 1996-2001Noragric contact: Kjell Esser

Policy incentives for agricultural developmentFunded by: EUPeriod: 1998-2001Noragric contact: Jens B. Aune

Research in dryland areas: incl. Integrated Plant Nutrient Management (IPNM) in MaliFunded by: NORADPeriod: 1998-2001Noragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen Farming systems development in EthiopiaFunded by: NUFUPeriod: 1988-2001Noragric contact: Trygve Berg Food security and household income for small-holder farmers in Tanzania (TARP)Funded by: NORADPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Fred H. Johnsen Identifying success factors and limitations related to female entrepreneurship in Norway and EstoniaFunded by: NFRPeriod: 1997-2003Noragric contact: Aud Marit Esbensen Effects of land use change on carbon sequestration in the acid upland agro-ecosystem of the PhilippinesFunded by State Education Loan Fund/ICRAF/NoragricPeriod: 1999-2003Noragric contact: Shushan Ghirmi Woldu

Combating Nutrient Depletion in the Ethiopian HighlandsFunded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ICRAFNoragric contact: Jens B. Aune

Programmes, Projects and Assignments(ongoing or completed in 2001)

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Effects of integrated nutrient management on crop production and soil organic matter, Central Ethiopian highlandsFunded by: State Education Loan Fund/ICRAFPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Balesh Tulema Bune

High altitude integrated natural resource management programme, Pakistan (AKRSP)Funded by: NORADPeriod: 1998-2001Noragric contact: Ingrid Nyborg Selected AssignmentsSupport for organising rural producers in South East Africa, Report on Status and possibilities for Norwegian assistanceFunded by: NORADProject Leader: Ragnar Øygaard (NLH) Noragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen Environmental position paper for Norway’s cooperation with IndiaFunded by: NORADNoragric contact: Paul Vedeld Evaluation of CATIE (Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center, Costa Rica)Funded by: NORADProject Leader: S. Jørgensen (Nordic Consulting Group, NCG)Noragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen Evaluation of INTA (National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute)/Procatepa (Gender Programme) in NicaraguaFunded by: NORADProject Leader: T. Alberts (DEVPRO)Noragric contact: Alice Ennals Review paper on Agricultural Work programme in Uganda, UGNIS, on improved seeds, fertilizers and credit schemesFunded by: NORADProject Leader: Jens B. AuneOther staff: K. SolbergNoragric contact: Jens B. Aune Food and Environmental Indicators in Ethiopia (report)Funded by: NORADNoragric contacts: Jens B. Aune, I. Nyborg Cooperation on Agricultural Research and Training in Southern Africa (SADC)Funded by: NORADNoragric Contact: Frik Sundstøl

Food security and household income for smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Applied research with an emphasis on women The majority of the Tanzanian population are smallholder farming families with low production based on manual labour. This programme develops new farm technologies aiming at improving the food security and household income among smallholder farmers. The programme is organised under the Tanzania Agricultural Research Project Phase II (TARP II) and is managed by Sokoine University of Agricul-ture (SUA). In addition to SUA, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS) is a main partner, participating mainly through its research stations in the Eastern Zone and Southern Highlands Zone of Tanzania. NORAD funds the programme with a total of NOK 49 million over the period 2000-2004. About 20% of this funding is earmarked for participation by Norwegian researchers and research insti-tutions. The Norwegian participation is regulated by a con-tract between SUA and NLH. Noragric’s role is partly as a co-ordinator of the Norwegian participation, partly as an active contributor to the research. The Food security and household income programme has a total of 35 research projects. Norwegian researchers par-ticipate in 19 of these. Apart from Noragric, participating departments at NLH include the Department of Animal Sci-ence, Department of Food Science, Department of Eco-nomics and Social Sciences, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Department of Agricultural Engineering, and the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology. In addition to the NLH departments, researchers from NVH and the Nor-wegian Crop Research Institute also participate. All 35 projects have on-farm research among the farmers. Every project has identified a number of contact farmers who will try out the technology that the research is focused on. When the programme closes in 2004, the objective is that these contact farmers will notice tangible results. In order to measure such results, impact studies have been defined as a separate component of the programme. The impact studies will first and foremost measure the impact of the projects on food security and household income, but unintended effects, whether positive or negative, will also be addressed. As a first step towards impact studies, a thorough baseline has been made. In addition to project specific data, the baseline contains information on the food security and household income situation of the contact farmers for all research projects. Noragric contact: Fred Håkon Johnsen

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Cooperation with NOVA-BOVA Programme: Baltic Nordic Network on Agricultural Economics and Business (2001-2003)Funded by: Nordic Council of Ministers (Network Programme for Baltic Countries & North West Russia) and the Research Council of NorwayNoragric contact: Lars Sjøflot

Food Hygiene & Safety Education Network in the Baltic and Nordic Countries (2001-2003)Funded by: Nordic Council of Ministers (Network Programme for Baltic Countries & North West Russia) Noragric contact: Lars Sjøflot Irrigation Systems in Serbia Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Noragric contact: Lars Sjøflot Viraless Potato Planting materials in protected area: Assistance to ’Institute Srbija’ -Potato Centre, Serbia Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign AffairsNoragric contact: Lars Sjøflot

Cooperation on Agricultural Research and Training in Southern Africa (SADC) Since 1984, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has, through an institution called Southern Africa Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural Research and Train-ing (SACCAR), coordinated agricultural research and post-graduate training in the region. In addition, SACCAR organises regional training courses on agricultural research management for senior research managers and played a coordinating role with regard to the SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SPGRC) located in Zambia.

On the training side, SACCAR has been coordinating a programme for strengthening faculties of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences with the objective to enable them to achieve quality and quantity of training and exchange of students and to produce trained manpower for agricultural research, training, extension and policy analysis. SACCAR has taken an initiative to develop new relevant activities on post-graduate training in agriculture for Southern Africa.

NORAD has supported this regional cooperation on agri-cultural research and training for a number of years. Frik Sundstøl from Noragric has served as a Technical Advisor to SADC/SACCAR from February 1999. Noragric contact: Frik Sundstøl

Rehabilitation of Agriculture & Agricultural Education in Kosovo (2001-2003)Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign AffairsNoragric contact: Lars Sjøflot Updating Academic Education and Research in South Eastern Europe: Pilot project (2001-2002) Funded by: Research Council of Norway and the Centre for International University CooperationNoragric contact: Lars Sjøflot Reorientation and Development of Academic Curricula in Agriculture, Bosnia Herzegovina (1999-2002)Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Ministry of Culture, Education & Research Noragric contact: Lars Sjøflot Food Production, Agriculture and Society Programme, Latvia (1999-2003) Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Noragric contact: Lars SjøflotThis programme consists of the following projects:

1. Norwegian-Latvian Rural Development Studies and Research Centre, Latvia (1999-2003)a) Masters Programme in ’’ Economics and Agribusiness’’ Project Leaders: O. Gjølberg (IØS); A. Kozlinnki (Latvia)b) Education in Food Hygiene (Safety) Project Leaders: M. Yndestad (NVH); A. Berzins (Latvia)2. Development of Farmer Organizations and Dairy Production, Latvia (1999-2003) Project Leaders: R. Bruflot (TINE); J. Zalitis (Latvia)3. Food Safety and Quality Control Systems at national, district and local level, Latvia (1999-2003) Project Leaders: A. Lund (NVH); D. Vetra (Latvia)

Management of salt-affected soils in the NCEW ’Shemshewa’ Irrigation Scheme in the Upper Gash Valley, EritreaFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: M. TesfaiNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen Workshop on Water Harvesting. The experiences in the drylands of Ethiopia: principles and practicesFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: M. HaileNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen

2. BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES » Issues in the field of agro-biodiversity focused on:• How to improve on-farm conservation and use of local

plant genetic resources to enhance food and livelihood security of poor farmers;

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• How to secure access to sufficient quantities of high qual-ity seed of both local and improved material particularly in situations of conflict or natural disasters;

• Why and in what way local knowledge and gender are important factors in improving the maintenance and use of agro-biodiversity;

• How to ensure the legal framework as stated in the Conven-tion on Biological Diversity (CBD), Agenda 21, The Interna-tional Undertaking, and The Global Plan of Action works for local communities e.g. regarding access and benefit sharing;

• Why governments can’t make policy: The case of plant genetic resources in the international arena.

» Issues in the field of biodiversity and the management

of natural resources focused on:• The impacts of grazing on biodiversity of rangelands in

Africa;• The indigenous drought coping strategies of pastoralists in

northern Kenya;• Addressing the increased pressure on coastal resources;• The role of traditional knowledge systems in management

of coastal resources;• The environmental and social impacts of shrimp-farming;• Facilitating management systems conducive to sustainable

use of wildlife resources by local communities;• The kind of wildlife property regimes that exist and how they

interface with society.• The integration of biodiversity and environment aspects in

development projects. Research projectsGender, biodiversity and local knowledge systems (LiNKS) for food security in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique). Funded by: FAOPeriod: 1996-2001 (phase I) Noragric contact: Gry Synnevåg Policy research on genetic resources globallyFunded by: IPGRI/CGIAR/NoragricPeriod: ongoingNoragric contact: Cary Fowler Management of agricultural biodiversity - Third world farmers’ experience with change and their coping strategies Funded by: NFRPeriod: 1999-2003Noragric contact: Frøydis Kvaløy Market and non-market incentives for in situ conservation of agro-biodiversity in a centre of biodiversity, Ethiopia Funded by: State Education Loan Fund, Ethiopia (Biodiversity

Conservation and Development Institute) and NoragricPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Bayush Tsegaye Comparative value of crop varieties adapted to varying ecosystems in Nepal Funded by: State Education Loan Fund/IPGRIPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Deepak Kumar Riijal

Coastal aquaculture development

One of the ecological zones that Noragric focuses its research on is the coastal zone. Aquaculture is one of the most important activities carried out in coastal areas throughout many parts of the world, with especially long tra-ditions in Southeast Asia, but of increasing importance in Southern Asia and Eastern Africa. Some forms of coastal aquaculture are highly beneficial to the local and national economy, producing fish, molluscs, crustaceans or algae for consumption or the market with minimal negative con-sequences. But in other forms of coastal aquaculture, the ecological, social and economic benefits and costs are complex, and different interests sometimes come into con-flict with each other. In particular, some forms of capital intensive, industrial aquaculture of carnivorous species of fish or crustaceans producing luxury food for export may be profitable for investors yet cause serious environmental impacts affecting other people’s access to common property resources (such as mangrove forests) or directly damage their livelihoods (e.g. salinisation of agricultural land). Noragric has reviewed the Research Institute for Aquacul-ture in Hanoi, Viet Nam, some of whose activities are funded by NORAD, and also appraised new phases of this project during 2000-2002. Ian Bryceson presented a keynote paper on coastal aquaculture in Tanzania at an international sympo-sium held in Dar es Salaam in 2001, and he is cooperating with scientists at Stockholm University in reviewing coastal aquaculture developments in Eastern and Southern Africa. Professor Abdul Wahab from Bangladesh Agricultural Uni-versity visited Noragric for one month in 2001 in order to cooperate with Ian Bryceson on coastal aquaculture issues. MSc students from Vietnam, Bangladesh and Tanzania have recently carried out or are embarking upon research projects on coastal aquaculture with supervision from Noragric. We are currently developing collaboration with ICLARM (the World Fish Centre) for joint comparative research on coastal aquaculture in Malaysia, Tanzania and Norway. Noragric contact: Ian Bryceson

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Marine biodiversity (Jakarta mandate) cooperation with IUCN and East African coastal institutionsFunded by: NORAD and IUCNPeriod: 1999-2003Noragric contact: Ian Bryceson Wild animals as property: yours, mine or ours?Funded by: NLHPeriod: 1997-2002Noragric contact: Cassandra Bergstrøm Selected AssignmentsGRID-Arendal collaborationFunded by: UNEPNoragric contact: Thor Larsen FAO Midterm Evaluation of Cross Border Biodiversity Project, Kenya and TanzaniaFunded by: FAO Africa OfficeNoragric contact: Gufu Oba Assessment of Environmental Needs and Priorities in East TimorFunded by: UNDP/UNOPSProject Leader: O. Sandlund (NINA)Noragric contact: Ian Bryceson Participation in Annual Meeting of International Forestry Advisory Group (IFAG), FAOFunded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign AffairsNoragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen

Community Biodiversity Development and Conservation (CBDC)Funded by: NORAD, SIDA (Sweden), IDRC (Canada), DGIS (Netherlands)Noragric contact: Trygve Berg Report on the National Forest Programme in Tanzania (short assessment)Funded by: NORADNoragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen Project Proposal Appraisal on Seed Security in EthiopiaFunded by: NORADNoragric contact: Trygve Berg Assistance to the International Plant Genetic Research Institute (IPGRI)Funded by: IPGRINoragric contacts: Cary Fowler and Synne Movik

Rangeland and biodiversity research at Noragric

During 2001, Noragric’s rangeland research programme focused on African drylands, particularly on: 1) understand-ing indigenous ecological knowledge of African pastoralists for assessing rangeland biodiversity (studies were con-ducted in Southern Ethiopia, Northern Kenya and Northern Tanzania); 2) processes of landscape change (NFR-funded; the studies are in progress or completed in Northern Kenya, Northern Tanzania and Northern Namibia); 3) effects of grazing on rangeland biodiversity (Northern Kenya-com-pleted); 4) the role of restoration of degraded High Mountain rangelands for biodiversity conservation (Northern Ethiopia-completed); 5) effects of artificial water-points on range-land degradation (Northern Namibia-completed), and; (6) the role of large scale climate variability on productivity of African rangelands (completed). The partners in rangeland research were individuals and institutions from the South (mainly in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tan-zania and Namibia), while in the North the main research collaborators were from the University of Oslo, Divisions of Zoology and Botany; the Animal Science Department (NLH); the Institute of Development Studies (University of Bergen); and the Climate Change Group (Pen State). In Africa, the collaborating institutions were the GEF-Cross-border biodi-versity project in Arusha/Nairobi and the Desert Research Foundation in Namibia. During 2001, seven papers based on rangeland research work were published in refereed journals. During the same period Noragric coordinator Gufu Oba was also involved in the evaluation of the GEF Cross-border biodiversity programme in Turkana for FAO. Noragric contact: Gufu Oba

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National Hydropower Plan Study, VietnamFunded by: NORPLANNoragric contact: Kjell Esser Feasibility Study of Moamba Major Dam, MozambiqueFunded by: NorconsultNoragric contact: Kjell Esser Upper Watershed Management, Sri LankaFunded by: Asian Development Bank/ Ministry of Forestry and Environment (Sri Lanka)Project Leader: S. Larsen (Statskog)Noragric Contact: Ivar Jørgensen Indigenous coping strategies of pastoralist communities in the Drylands of EthiopiaFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: F. KebebewNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen 3. RURAL POVERTY AND RIGHTS TO RESOURCES » Issues in the field of rural poverty and rights to

resources focused on:• The relationship between poverty and environmental degradation;• How to operationalise the concept of right-based devel-

opment with focus on the right to food and to natural resources;

• The consequences of land reforms on local people (men and women);

• How men and women negotiate control and access to resources under changing contexts;

• How perceptions on property rights, institutions and policies impact forest management and cover;• The effects of rural credit programmes.

Research projectsHuman rights and governance in South Africa’s land reformFunded by: NORAD, through the Institute of Human Rights, University of OsloPeriod: 1999-2004Noragric contact: Tor Arve Benjaminsen/Sidsel Grimstad

Triangular institutional co-operation between Ethiopia, India and Norway: Fostering South-South links in the management of natural resources in semi-arid areas (including CPR study)Funding by: NORADPeriod: 1997-ongoingNoragric contact: Poul Wisborg Economic analysis of reciprocity and agricultural markets in AfricaFunded by: NFRPeriod: 1999-2002Noragric contact: Espen Sjaastad Yours today, mine tomorrow? Women and men’s negotiations over resources in BaltistanFunded by: NFR, Noragric and AKRSPPeriod: 1996-2001Noragric contact: Ingrid Nyborg Forest change: Property rights perceptions and policies in the Baltistan region, PakistanFunded by: State Education Loan Fund and AKRSPPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Jawad Ali Farmers first: Participatory knowledge generation in EcuadorFunded by: NFRPeriod: 1997-2002Noragric contact: Elisabeth Molteberg Human rights and land tenure reform in South Africa: a case study of policy, discourse and stakeholdersFunded by: NFR and NORADPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: Poul Wisborg The emergence of a land market in the Malian cotton zoneFunded by: Nordic Africa InstitutePeriod: 2001Noragric contact: Tor Arve Benjaminsen/Espen Sjaastad

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Selected assignmentsFAO - Role of Forestry in Poverty Alleviation (Workshop)Funded by: FAO and NoragricNoragric contacts: Ivar Jørgensen and Alice Ennals Participation in Final Steering Committee Meeting of Forest Trees and People’s Programme (and report on the Review of FTTP)Funded by: MFAProject Leader: FAONoragric contact: Alice Ennals Shimla Town and Country Planning, Himachal Pradesh (India)Funded by: NORADProject Leader: August Røsnes (Institute for Land Use and Landscape Planning, ILP)Noragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen

Stories about Timbuktu, Mali (Video documentary)Funded by: NORAD/NFRProject Leader: Tor Arve Benjaminsen/C. Sørensen (UiO)Noragric contact: Tor Arve Benjaminsen Report on the Right to Food Funded by: NORADProject Leader: Ruth HaugNoragric contacts: Ruth Haug and Estrellita Rauan Status and Impact of HIV/AIDS at Agricultural Universities and Colleges in AfricaFunded by: NORADProject Leader: Alice EnnalsNoragric contacts: Alice Ennals and Estrellita Rauan Norwegian Participation in World Bank Review of TARP II (Agriculture and Research Programme) in TanzaniaFunded by: NORADProject Leader: World BankNoragric contact: Alice Ennals Midterm Review of the International NGO in Chennai, ICSF (International Collective in Support of Fishworkers), IndiaFunded by: NORADNoragric contact: Ian Bryceson

Evaluation of Blantyre City Fuel Wood Project, MalawiFunded by: NORADNoragric contact: Ivar Jørgensen Technical Advisor to the CGIAR (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign AffairsNoragric contact: Ruth Haug Third Quinquennial Review of ICIMOD Funded by: NORAD/ICIMOD Board of DirectorsNoragric Contact: Ivar Jørgensen Workshop on credit and savings system; NGOs and National Legislation in EthiopiaFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: W. AmhaNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen Assessment of the participation of civil society in the implementation of UNCCD, Ethiopia and MaliFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: Anne MossigeNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen

Report on the Right to Food

In its work on human rights issues, Norway is a strong sup-porter of the concept of the ”right to food”. The right to food is recognised in legally binding international instruments, including, most fully, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) and by the World Food Summit (also 1996). The challenge for national and interna-tional actors striving to reduce hunger and food insecurity, is how to operationalise the right to food at individual and household levels. Noragric has, in a NORAD-funded study, assessed how the right to food could be implemented in four African countries by using the Poverty Reduction Strat-egy Papers (PRSPs) as mechanisms for action. The sugges-tion is to establish a public investment programme under the PRSP framework. The Sosit (Social Sector Initiative Basic Data) model could be used for the agricultural sector to illus-trate how allocated resources lead to services, achievements and impact; and the indicators that should be used to monitor the different steps in the process. The right to food is about how to foster conditions to enable people to care for them-selves and their own food needs. In this way the right to food is perceived as a progressive tool for marginalized and food insecure groups to mobilise around. Hunger and food insecurity is a poverty problem. Obviously, legislation alone cannot solve the food insecurity problem although legislation may be one important tool in the struggle to eliminate pov-erty and food insecurity. The critical issue regarding food as a human right is enforcement, not the legislation by itself, or in other words the obligations that accompany this right.

Noragric contact: Ruth Haug

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4. CONFLICTS, CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCES » Issues in the field of conflicts, change and natural

resources focused on:• What happens when men and women become internally

displaced, forced migrants in their home country;• How to address the forced migrants right to return as well

as their right to stay;• The ecological and social status of forced migrants along

the coast of Mozambique;• How people perceive a secure livelihood and how they

conceptualise poverty, wealth, well-being and deprivation in conflict situations;

• The relationship between national conflicts and the local rural poverty level and how poverty issues in conflict situa-tions should be addressed.

Research projectsForced migration of civil war victims in Africa and Asia: Resource conflicts, dilemmas of return and long-term developmentFunded by: NFRPeriod: 1998-2001Noragric contact: Kjersti Larsen

Rural poverty in conflict situations in Sudan and Sri LankaFunded by: NFRPeriod: 2000-2004Noragric contact: N. Shanmugaratnam

Perceptions of landscape changeFunded by: NFRPeriod: 2001-2004Noragric contact: Tor Arve Benjaminsen

Selected assignmentsUNDP Conflict Prevention Mission, Sri LankaFunded by: UNDP Noragric contact: N. Shanmugaratnam

Perceptions of knowledge and coping strategies in nomadic communities-the case of the Hawawir in Northern SudanFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: Kjersti LarsenNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen

From Emergency Relief to Local Development and Civil Society Building: A review of Norwegian People’s Aid Intervention in South SudanFunded by: Drylands Coordination Group/NORADTeam Leader: N. ShanmugaratnamNoragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen

Women Surviving Amidst Displacement and Deprivation

As a parallel study to ”Forced Migration and Changing Local Political Economies”, a study was done by N. Shanmugaratnam and F. Zackariya that resulted in the booklet ”Stepping Out - Women Surviving Amidst Dis-placement And Deprivation”. The study traced some aspects of changing gender roles of displaced commu-nities, specifically the situation for Muslim women from poorer families that had been living in camps (welfare centres) in Kalpitya, Sri Lanka, for nearly eight years. The study documented that although displaced and proletarianised women have gained some freedom in the sense that they could not be socially excluded as in the past, and have also learnt to act collectively in the extra-household domain, their domestic work burden had increased. The sustainability of their ”sense of free-dom” is an open question, given the fluid nature of their existence and circumstances.

Noragric contact: N. Shanmugaratnam

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Contribution of agroforestry to farmhousehold income and community forestry management.Radha Karki AdhikarySupervisor: Fred H. Johnsen

Socio-economic evaluation of the new extension programme in Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia: A case study in Mecha woreda.Debbasu Meselu AmareSupervisor: Paul Vedeld

The socio-economic effects and environ-mental impacts of area enclosures in Hauzien Wereda, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.Dereje Teklehaimanot AsefaSupervisors: Jens B. Aune and Gufu Oba

Household livelihood security with and without development project: Case study of Zula Plain and Shebah-Demas Plain in Eritrea.Fikre Ukbaab BarakiSupervisor: Fred H. Johnsen

Seeds, storms and strategies. A study on decision-making processes in seed sup-plies and seed distribution interventions in emergency situation - Case of Hondu-ras in the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch.Sigrid de BarbentaneSupervisor: Cary Fowler

Constraints to crop production: Perceptions of farmers and extension workers in Mbale district, Uganda.Kakayi Mary BikingiSupervisor: Kjell Esser

Socio-economic and nutritional aspects of poultry (broiler) rearing among the small-scale farmers in Monze, Zambia.Oswin Chifungwe ChibingaSupervisor: Arve Lund

Leasehold forestry and livelihoods (Cases from the Mid-Hills of Nepal).Sunil Prasad DhoubhadelSupervisor: N. Shanmugaratnam

Cultivation of khat and its impacts in the farming system, household economy and food availability.Taye Hailu FeyisaSupervisor: Jens B. Aune

Crafting institutions for water manage-ment and willingness to pay for water services in Northern Namibia.Awet Kidane GebrehiwotSupervisor: Tor Arve Benjaminsen

Local ecological knowledge about management of tree fodder resources in the western Mid-Hills of Nepal.Shova GurungSupervisor: Kjersti Larsen

Landscapes and land reform - narratives by commercial farmers in Namibia.Eirin HongsloSupervisor: Tor Arve Benjaminsen

Non-formal environmental education: A strategy for promotion of agroforestry for improved household livelihood. A case of the Swedish (Vi) agroforestry project in Masaka District, Uganda.Elijah KajubiSupervisor: Ruth Haug

Analysis of the present production and marketing systems of bananas in some selected areas of Mymensingh and Bogra Districts of Bangladesh.Ziaul KarimSupervisor: Gry Synnevåg

Farmers seed systems in maize (Zea Mays L.). Gendered aspects of local seed systems in Ruangwa and Nachingwea Districts, Southern Tanzania.Gerald Singano MagiliSupervisor: Gry Synnevåg

Indigenous knowledge of the Maasai pastoralists for biodiversity conservation in Mt. Komoloniki (Monduli) ecosytems, Northern Tanzania.Arnold Lucas MapinduziSupervisor: Gufu Oba

Fund of community forest: Consent and satisfaction. A case study of Aakase and Kattikepakha CFUGs of Ramechhap District, Nepal.Yubaraj MaskeySupervisor: Fred H. Johnsen

Local communities participation in the management of coastal resources through integrated coastal resources management (’The Stakeholders Approach’): The case of Menai Bay conservation area, Zanzibar.Josephine Theobald MeelaSupervisor: Kjersti Larsen

The traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation of the Miombo woodlands by the Wanyamwezi in Tanzania.Fadhili Hamza MgumiaSupervisor: Gufu Oba

Incentives for local participation in community based forest management: A case of Duru Haytemba; Babati District, Tanzania.Felister Michael MomboSupervisor: Fred H. Johnsen

Integrated Pest Management as a strategy to manage development of insect resistance to pesticides in Cotton production in Zimbabwe. A case study for Gokwe District.Clyton MoyoSupervisor: Trond Hofsvang

Masters’ Theses in 2001

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Displacement and resource conflicts: A study of internally displaced people (IDPS)-host community relations and the role of NGO’s in Kabarole District, Western Uganda.Harriet Barunga MpindiSupervisor: N. Shanmugaratnam

Effects of artificial water points on the communal rangelands of the Uuvudhiya constituency, North-Central Namibia.Selma NangulaSupervisor: Gufu Oba

Population structure, group dynamics, home ranges and habitat use of lions in northeast Chobe National Park, Botswana.Gosiame Neo-MahupelengSupervisor: Per Wegge

Displacement, resettlement and livelihood restoration: The Hoa Bihn Dam, Vietnam - 20 years later.Thi Le Hoa NguyenSupervisor: Ragnar Øygard

Forced migration and resource conflicts: A case of internally displaced people in Gulu District - Northern Uganda.Susan Abalo OpokSupervisor: N. Shanmugaratnam

Economic valuation of natural forest as water retainer. Case study: Nature reserve Datanli-El Diablo Jinotega, Nicaragua.Maria Victoria Picado CajinaSupervisor: Ståle Navrud

Impact of land use changes on watersheds in dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Case study from Kurunegala District.Wedage Ranjanee SamaranayakeSupervisor: N. Shanmugaratnam

Parrot trade in Nicaragua, from the forest to Managua. Assessment of the geographical origin, capture methods and financial benefits of the activity. Edgard Herrera ScottSupervisor: Fred H. Johnsen

The impact of participatory forest management on peoples’ livelihoods in Kapiri-Mposhi District in Central Zambia.Davy SiameSupervisor: Ruth Haug

Land-use changes and pollution of the Nahhku Khola River in Nepal: An ecological and socio-economic study.Mamta Kumari SinghSupervisor: Ian Bryceson

Factors influencing farmers’ participation in watershed management. Locality studies from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India.Krishnapillai SooriyakumarSupervisor: N. Shanmugaratnam

Status and ecology of nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Nepal with particular emphasis on Royal Bardia National Park, lowland Nepal.Naresh SubediSupervisor: Per Wegge

Characteristics, distribution and productive status of the local mango varieties in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.Nguyen Huy TaiSupervisor: Trygve Berg

Impact assessment of micro-dams irrigation projects. A case study from Hintalo-Wajirat district of Tigray, Ethiopia.Haftu Woldu TeshalleSupervisor: Kjell Esser

The role of new land policies in reforestation of the northern mountainous region of Vietnam.Thi Thu Ha TranSupervisor: Ragnar Øygard

Non-indigenous perceptions of interac-tions with indigenous communities and their participation in natural manage-ment. A study from the Imataca Forest Reserve, Bolivar State, Venezuela.Mariela Covault TyrihjellSupervisor: Ian Bryceson

OTHER NLH STUDENTS

Tribal Women and Micro-finance. A case-study of household adaptation and robustness of social institutions in the drought prone areas of Gujarat, India.Solveig Kolberg and Maj Britt Bjelke Supervisor: Paul Vedeld

Whatever the will of the weather. A case of seeds systems in Honduras, and their importance for food security and agrobiodiversity in the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch.Jan Magnar HaugenSupervisor: Cary Fowler

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Cooperation with institutions in developing countries is an important part of Noragric’s efforts to support sustainable development in our partner countries. We have institutional agreements with around 20 partners in Africa, Asia, Latin Amer-ica and Eastern Europe. Most of these are universities, while others are NGO’s, research foundations and public institutions. The level of activity varies over time, and also varies accord-ing to the success in obtaining funding for joint programmes. The sources of funding are, amongst others, NORAD, the Research Council of Norway and multilateral institutions. The programmes of cooperation include joint research activities, support to education and training as well as support to institu-tional development. In several of the programmes, support to PhD education is included.

Some of the agreements were in a transitional phase in 2001. The agreements in e.g. Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda were in a bridging period or in the early stages of a new phase. A more equal partnership is sought whenever contracts are renewed in order to move away from a typical client/service-provider rela-tionship. Noragric believes that more equal scientific partner-ships will be more sustainable and rewarding in the long run.

The total budget for institutional collaboration in 2001 was around NOK 10 million. Some of the active agreements in 2001 have been with:

• Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. Ongoing five-year programme, involving Noragric and some

departments of NLH and NVH.• Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Ongoing five-year cooperation phase; follows a close coop-

eration dating back to 1969.• Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) in South

Africa. Joint project on land reform commenced in 2000.• Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP), Northern

Territory in Pakistan. Implementation of joint research and development activi-

ties.• Bunda College of Agriculture, Malawi. Institutional development programme. New phase initiated

in 2001.• Department of Wildlife, Botswana. Ongoing joint research, education and institutional strength-

ening programme through the BONIC programme.

• EARTH University, Costa Rica. Partnership with EARTH, Salzburg Seminar and Noragric

in the Sustainability, Education and the Management of Change in the Tropics project.

• Triangular Institutional Cooperation between Ethiopia, India and Norway.

Management of forest commons; supporting South-South links in the management of natural resources in semi-arid areas.

• Asmara University, College of Agriculture and Aquatic Stud-ies (CAAS), Eritrea.

Eritrean MSc students studying at NLH.• Mekelle University and Debub University (previously Awassa

College of Agriculture), Ethiopia. Students are pursuing their PhD degrees at various NLH

departments; funding of infrastructure investments and research. 2001 was a bridging year with preparations for a possible new phase.

• The International Centre for Research on Agro-Forestry (ICRAF), Ethiopia.

Joint project on Combating Nutrient Depletion.• Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal. Preparations for decentralisation of the MNRSA programme.• Competence transfer and institutional contact and coopera-

tion between faculties of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine in South Eastern Europe, (SEE), 2002-2004.

Balkan programme involving 14 partner institutions. Pilot project carried out in 2001.

• Rehabilitation of agriculture and academic agricultural edu-cation in Kosovo.

Bilateral project/institutional cooperation between NLH and the Faculty of Agriculture University of Prishtina, 2001-2004.

• Food production, agriculture and society (FPAS), 1999-2003.

Cooperation programme between NLH, Latvia University of Agriculture and some other Latvian institutions/organisations, consisting of 4 projects with a set of activities.

• Peace Corps collaboration. Institutional cooperation with the Development Fund and the

Small Farmers Association and 6 partner institutions in the South involving exchange of young professionals between Norway and partner countries.

• IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Joint projects on biodiversity management in coastal zones,

wetlands and mountain ecosystems in collaboration with NODE partners.

Institutional Cooperation

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Networking and alliancesDuring the year, Noragric has worked on the development of agreements with other research institutions in Ås. Some of these, like the NARI institutes, have ambitions for developing a stronger involvement in developing country programmes and have approached NLH in order to be included in the network and programmes operated by Noragric.

Noragric has also been active in the NODE partnership (Nor-wegian Consortium for Development and Environment) where Noragric has joined forces with the Chr. Michelsen Institute

(CMI, Bergen) and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA, Trondheim). For further information, see: http://www.node.org

Finally, Noragric has been actively involved in the Drylands Coordination Group (DCG) network through the secretariat for this Group that is located at Noragric. DCG is a network of six NGOs in Norway and their partners in the dryland belt of Africa. Noragric plays an active backstopping role for the DCG. The DCG is strongly focused on the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

NLH-NVH Alliance

NLH and the Norwegian Veterinary College (NVH) have entered into a new phase of strategic alliance in January this year. The strategic alliance is expected, among others, to promote the possibilities of increased international activi-ties that will grant both partners the competence in meeting the increasingly growing demand for development oriented expertise and courses that are tailored to real needs. NLH and NVH have, through the previous alliance project, been engaged in development initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa where Noragric has played a key role in coordination and research. The current agreement builds upon the achieve-ment and success attained during the previous one and emphasises the importance of development activities and research of mutual interest to both partners. The alliance draws upon the combined resources of the two institutions and their expertise to play an active role in the development arena in general, and Norwegian development assistance in particular. The alliance is also expected to contribute to increasing professional understanding of development related issues and the challenges in generating practical knowledge in the battle against poverty.

DCG in 2001

In 2001, one of DCG’s main activities was to carry out an assessment of the participation of the civil society in the implementation of the UNCCD/NAPs in Ethiopia and Mali. The findings from this assessment were later presented at workshops in both countries. The workshops were attended by a wide range of stakeholders including many NGOs and CBOs, as well as representatives from various gov-ernmental institutions, such as the National Governmental UNCCD Focal Points. The workshops clearly contributed to an enhanced awareness of different stakeholders’ responsi-bilities and possible contributions to the implementation of the UNCCD as well as to create better linkages between dif-ferent civil society organisations and between these organi-sations and the national government. After the workshops, participants expressed an increased interest in collaboration and a greater understanding of the added value of such col-laboration. For further information, see: http://www.drylands-group.org

Noragric contact: Grete Benjaminsen

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The PhD programme in Development StudiesNoragric offers a PhD programme in Development Studies with a focus on these main areas: sustainable agriculture, food & livelihood security, natural resource management and community development. The PhD programme follows the general criteria and requirements defined by the Agricultural

University of Norway (NLH), and is undertaken in collaboration with the University departments. Noragric runs a twelve credit course in Development Studies which is divided into four sec-tions: Development Theory; Science Approaches and Devel-opment Theory; Methodological Perspectives; and Bridge to Biology.

Education

Overview of doctoral students related to Noragric in 2001, dissertation topics and funding sources.

Funding source Year

The Research Council of Norway 1997-2002

Noragric/ Ethiopia/ State Education 2000-2004Loan FundICRAF/State Education Loan Fund 2000-2004


IPGRI/State Education Loan Fund 2000-2004

NLH 1997-2002



AKRSP/State Education Loan Fund 2000-2004

ICRAF/State Education Loan Fund 1999-2003

The Research Council of Norway/ 2000-2004NORAD/PLAAS Agderforskning 2001-2005

State Education Loan Fund / 2001-2005TARP II

State Education Loan Fund 2001-2002

The Research Council of 2001-2005Norway/NINA The Research Council of Norway 1999-2002

The Research Council of Norway/FNI 1999-2002

Country Topic/Student

Ecuador Farmers first: Participatory knowledge generation in Ecuador/Elisabeth Molteberg

Ethiopia Market and non-market incentives for in situ conservation of agro-biodiversity in a centre of biodiversity/Bayush Tsegaye

Ethiopia Effects of integrated nutrient management on crop production and soil organic matter in the Central Ethiopian Highlands/Balesh Tulema Bune

India Management of agricultural biodiversity - Third world farmers’ expe-rience with change and their coping strategies/Frøydis Kvaløy

Nepal Comparative value of crop varieties adapted to varying ecosystems/Deepak Kumar Rijal

Norway/ Wild animals as property; yours, mine or ours?/Cassandra Berg-Global strømNorway/ Identifying success factors and limitations related to female Estonia entrepreneurship in Norway and Estonia/Aud Marit EsbensenPakistan Yours today, mine tomorrow? Women and men’s negotiations over

resources in Baltistan/Ingrid Nyborg Pakistan Forest change: Property rights perceptions and policies in the

Baltistan region/Jawad Ali Philippines Effects on land use change on carbon sequestration in the acid

upland agroecosystem of the Philippines/Shushan Ghirmi WolduSouth Africa Human rights and land tenure reform in South Africa: a case study of policy, discourse and stakeholders/Poul WisborgTanzania Transgressing economic boundaries: Gender, commodification and

social change in Zanzibar/Hege Wallevi Tanzania Impact of Agricultural Research: a study of on-farm development

effects of agricultural research in Eastern and Southern Highland Zones of Tanzania in the period 1980-1990/ Dismas Mwaseba

India Gender, Land and Livelihoods: A study of the Indigenous Commu-nities of Highland Kerala/Darley Jose

Mozambique Tourism and resource conflicts/Hanne Haaland

Burkina Faso Organising farmers in Burkina Faso: A study of the Naam movement/Øyvind Hansen Philippines PhD assisting supervision in the field of biodiversity and genetic

resources/Regine Andersen

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Institutional collaboration linked to the MNRSA programme Over the years, Noragric has developed close collaboration with universities and research institutions in the South. To enhance institutional collaboration linked to the MNRSA pro-gramme and to promote capacity building at partner institu-tions in the South, Noragric has initiated joint planning and implementation of the programme’s third semester at the two partner universities mentioned above. From 2002, students will take three courses (5 credits) at these universities and under-take field research in the respective countries. Students may also be attached to projects and carry out field research in their home country.

The objectives of collaboration with these universities are to:• jointly develop and implement course curricula to address

key issues related to management of natural resources and sustainable agriculture in the two regions

• undertake field research work in collaboration with ongoing research projects jointly identified by the partner institutions and Noragric in the respective countries, or in the student’s home country

• initiate new research projects and link students to these projects for mutual benefits and synergy between research and teaching activities

• explore the needs and develop web based distant learning capacity at the collaborating institutions

• develop capacity interdisciplinary approaches to planning and management of natural resources

• promote the collaborating institutions as regional centres for teaching and training in natural resource management and sustainable agriculture

During the summer staff members of the Tribhuvan and Mak-erere Universities visited Noragric to discuss the collaboration initiative. In return, Noragric staff members also visited both institutions. Workshops for curriculum development of the new courses ”Rural Development and Project Management” and ”Exercises in Field Research Methods” have been organised at Makerere and Tribhuvan Universities.

Networking through former studentsNoragric has formalized cooperation with 13 academic institu-tions in the South besides the close working relationship it has with other institutions. Former MNRSA students are instrumen-tal for the expansion and maintenance of our networks due to their association with relevant institutions in their home coun-tries. They can assist Noragric with first hand information and insight into their countries’ political priorities and assist with

The MSc programme Management of Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture (MNRSA)Since 1986, Noragric has been running a two-year MSc pro-gramme entitled Management of Natural Resources and Sus-tainable Agriculture. The programme recruits students from Norwegian partner countries in the South, mainly from Africa, Asia and some from Latin America, Eastern Europe and other European countries.

The objectives of the programme are to:• offer an interdisciplinary approach to planning and man-

agement of agriculture and natural resources in developing countries;

• raise professional capacities of planners, managers, NGO staff and teachers from developing countries involved in integrated resource management;

• equip participants with relevant analytical techniques and tools for direct implementation.

The programme focuses on the challenges linked to the con-cept of sustainable development as an interdisciplinary field of study.

In 2001, Noragric welcomed 33 new students, while 41 stu-dents returned from their fieldwork and started their second year in the programme. Thirty-five students graduated. The MNRSA programme that started in August 2001 is different from the programme run in previous years. The number of NORAD fellows has been reduced from 30 to 20 and the number of credits was raised from 30 to 40. Ten new credits will be taught during the third and fourth semester. The credits are divided over 5 topics:

• Project Management• Exercises in Field Research Methods• Rural Development• Political Ecology• Seminar on Management of Natural Resources and Sus-

tainable Development

The first three courses are developed in collaboration with Makerere University in Uganda and Tribhuvan University in Nepal and will be taught at these universities. The last two courses will be offered at NLH.

To secure interdisciplinarity and the academic quality of the programme, an interdisciplinary committee has been appointed and is chaired by the academic coordinator for the MNRSA programme, Paul Vedeld.

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information about development opportunities and constraints. Former students are therefore encouraged to participate in joint research, education and assignments whenever opportu-nities arise.

Noragric has formalized and facilitated dialogue and coopera-tion with its former MSc students through three network secre-tariats: one in Tanzania, one in Ethiopia and one in Nepal. All networks have conducted a national or even a regional semi-nar in 2001. ”Fonarem”, the Nepalese network, published the proceedings from a regional seminar ”Participatory biodiver-sity conservation in the South-Asia region” (10-11 February, Kathmandu).

New MSc Programme: Development Studies - Poverty, Environment and Collective ActionDuring 2001 Noragric developed a proposal for a new 2-year multidisciplinary Master programme entitled ”Development Studies - Poverty, Environment and Collective Action”. The proposal was submitted to the University Board and approved in mid-December and will start by the end of August 2002. Initial steps were taken by Noragric in cooperation with the other NLH institutes involved (ITF, ISF and IØS) as well as the main administration in order to elaborate the academic con-tents of the programme and recruit students. The programme, which will run in English, consists of obligatory courses giving a broad understanding of social science perspectives on development and change. In addition, it contains specialisa-tion topics from which students can choose and which will pro-vide more specialised knowledge on technological, biological, economic and agronomic approaches to innovation, income generation and sustainable resource management. The study programme is intended to give students an interdisciplinary approach to global and local development issues, cross-cul-tural and interdisciplinary communication competence, and knowledge of relationships between technological challenges and social factors.

Distance learning activities 2001

Course DevelopmentA section entitled ’Management of Natural Resources: Policies and Institutional Dimensions’ of the 5-credit course ’Manage-ment of Natural Resources and the Environment’ (MANREN) was tested with the aid of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Competence Centre (UKS), which provided valuable experience, both in technical and pedagogic terms. The sec-tion would be evaluated, altered and run again as a proper course in the period January-March 2002.

Noragric entered into formal collaboration with the NLH Centre for Continuing Education (SEVU) regarding activities such as marketing and evaluation of virtual learning platforms.

The entire MANREN course itself was marketed but due to an insufficient number of registrations was not run. However, the feedback that we received from interested people indi-cated that shorter, more intensive courses were in demand, and action was taken accordingly. A two-credit module on ’Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment’ was then devel-oped, derived from the original MANREN-module. The course is to run in the period April-June 2002.

Strengthening CompetenceSeveral Noragric staff participated in a course called ’Net-based Learning’ hosted by Lillehammer College, in order to enhance their competence and understanding of such didac-tic methods. In addition, several staff also started working with software tools aimed at developing net-based learning materi-als. Several staff members are studying modules for an MSc programme on net-based distance learning, hosted by NKI.

Institutional CollaborationApart from collaborating with UKS and SEVU, Noragric has further looked at the possibilities of collaborating with other institutions. One ongoing project involves the GVU, or Global Virtual University, which features the UN Environment Pro-gramme (UNEP), the United Nations University, GRID-Arendal and Agder College. Moreover, contact was established with the World Bank Institute and the European Network University. The latter has expressed interest in collaborating on specific distance-learning projects.

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Information dissemination is an important aspect of Noragric’s work. Results from research and education must reach those that require the information most - people working in the field of international environment and development, and, ultimately, the people whose livelihoods depend on natural resources for their livelihoods.

Various means of communication are used to disseminate information: in a printed format (publications such as Noragric Reports, Working Papers, PhD and MSc theses), but also arti-cles in scientific journals, joint publications, popular publica-tions and various papers, and electronically. The number of scientific publications produced in 2001 amounted to 36 (for further information, see under Publications). In addition, Nora-gric staff regularly organise and attend seminars and interna-tional conferences and are invited as guest lecturers besides their regular teaching activities.

Besides our own website, Noragric also carries the coordinat-ing and editing responsibilities for the following websites: • the Norwegian Forum for Agricultural Development

(NORFAD): http://www.norfad.no • the Drylands Coordination Group: http://www.drylands-

group.org

The LibraryThe Noragric library supplements the NLH library with a spe-cial collection on agriculture and natural resource manage-ment in tropical areas. Library staff work closely with the researchers, advisors and teaching staff on tailoring services to needs. The library’s collections and competence make a valuable information resource base to MSc and PhD students.

The library catalogue, as an integrated part of NLH’s library catalogue, is searchable on the BIBSYS database shared by all Norwegian university libraries, most regional colleges and a variety of other research libraries. BIBSYS is accessible on the Internet: http://www.bibsys.no. In addition, the library cooper-ates closely with other Norwegian, Nordic and European librar-

(from left to right) NLH Rector R. Abrahamsen, Dr. N. Borlaug, K. Quinn, president World Food Prize Foundation.

Information Dissemination

ies through professional networks like the EADI Information Management Working Group.

Subscriptions to electronic full-text journals are shared with all NLH departments and make up a very valuable resource, giving direct access to scientific articles for staff and students at any time.

The library continued its participation in the High Altitude Integrated Natural Resource Management project with the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP), Baltistan and with various NLH departments. The library is responsible for the project’s Internet site, found at http://www.nlh.no/noragric/projects/akrsp/

Events coordinated in 2001Noragric, as the international centre of the University, receives many international visitors throughout the year. Not only from our partner institutes but also from many other countries and institutes throughout the world. In 2001, Noragric also played a leading role in the organisation of specific events.

In March, Noragric/NLH organised a one-day seminar and workshop for NORAD that focused on development, environ-ment and agriculture and the dilemmas in development coop-eration. NLH rector Roger Abrahamsen welcomed guests and NORAD’s Director Tove Strand opened the seminar. Besides speakers addressing themes such as food security, evaluat-ing success in rural development, and poverty, conflict and access to food, eight parallel workshops were held in the after-noon. It proved to be a well-attended conference with partici-pants from ministries, institutes and universities.

Under the ”Change in the Tropics” partnership with EARTH University and Salzburg Seminar, a mid-term planning meeting was held in June. The group of some 25 participants, consist-ing of the Executive Committee and people from agricultural universities in Africa and Asia, held their opening session at NLH and continued their meetings in Moss. The objective was to take stock half-way through the project and plan for the regional meetings and the final seminar (2002 and 2003, respectively). We were grateful that the Deputy Minister of For-eign Affairs, Ms. Sigrun Møgedal, was able to come to Moss and meet with the participants on one evening.

At the end of the year, Noragric organised a one-day seminar with a special guest, the Nobel Laureate Dr Norman Borlaug, ”Father of the Green Revolution”, who had come to Norway to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr Borlaug received the prize in 1970 for his work in adapting high-yielding wheat varieties that caused a remark-able change in agriculture around the world. The holder of many doctorates, including an honorary doctorate from NLH, the 87-year old Dr Borlaug attracted a large audience and once again proved to be quite an eloquent speaker.

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Financial Overview

Noragric, being part of the Agricultural Univer-sity, is a not for profit academic centre. It receives approximately 9% of its core revenue from NLH and ”earns” the remaining 91% through assign-ments (research, advisory and education projects funded by national and international partners). Of the expenses, some 64% of the total amount went to the operating expenses for these assignments. Most of the 2001 surplus was allocated to budg-eted project costs for 2002. 31%

10%16%

6%

11%

4%

6%7% 9%

Centre for International University Cooperation (SIU) (31%)Norwegian organisations (10%)Institutional Cooperation (16%) NUFU (6%)NORAD (11%)International organisations (World Bank, FAO) (4%)Relevant Norwegian Ministries (6%)Research Council of Norway (7%)NLH (9%)

Noragric salaries (56%)NLH salaries + overheads (19%)External consultants (16%)Other expenses (9%)

56%

9%

16%

19%

4.378

44.198

Basic funds from NLH (9%)Income from assignments (91%)

SOURCES OF INCOME

INCOME (in 1,000)

PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT (in 1,000)

Operating revenues 2001 2000 Operating revenues 48 576 43 559 Total operating revenues 48 576 43 559

Operating expenses 2001 2000 Salaries 16 465 16 358 Project costs 29 308 27 538 Total operating expenses 45 773 43 896 Operating result 2 803 -337

EXPENDITURES (in 1,000)

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Articles in refereed scientific journals

Adger, W. Neil; Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Brown, Katrina; Svarstad, Hanne Advancing a political ecology of global envi-ronmental discourses. Development and Change 32(4): pp. 681-715. 2001. ISSN 0012-155x.

Aune, Jens Bernt; Ayele, Abyie Alemu; Bussa, Matewos Tera; Asfaw, Fenta Gugsa The ox ploughing system in Ethiopia: can it be sustained? Outlook on Agriculture 30(4): pp. 275-280. 2001. ISSN 0030-7270.

Benjaminsen, Tor A.The population-agriculture-environment nexus in the Malian cotton zone. Global Environmental Change 11(4): pp. 27-39. 2001. ISSN 0959-3780.

The Malian cotton zone: Economic suc-cess, but environmental failure? In: Ben-jaminsen, Tor A.; Lund, Christian (red.), Politics, property and production in the West African Sahel. Understanding natural resources management. pp. 255 - 277. Stockholm: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2001. ISBN 91-7106-476-1.

Fowler, Cary Agricultural development as a tool against terrorism. Biopolicy Journal Forum 4(2): 2001.

Development without Diversity: The next big agricultural experiment? Development 44(4): pp. 103-108. 2001. ISSN 1011-6370.

Protecting Farmer Innovation: The Conven-tion of Biological Diversity and the Ques-tion of Origins. Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science and Technology 41(4): pp. 477-488. 2001. ISSN 0897-1277.

Sharing the non-monetary benefits of agri-cultural biodiversity. Issues in Genetic Resources 5: pp. 1-12. 2001.

Unequal Exchange? Recent Transfers of Agricultural Resources and Their Implica-tions for Developing Countries. Develop-ment Policy Review 19(2): pp. 181-204. 2001. ISSN 0950-6764.

Kaarhus, Randi En Foucault-inspirert diskursanalyse. Sosi-ologi i dag 31(4): pp. 25-46. 2001. ISSN 0332-6330.

Lund, Arve; Bratberg, Anna Marie; Solbakk, Inge Tom In vitro release of interferon-gamma by tri-chophytin-stimulated whole blood cell cul-tures from ringworm-vaccinated and control calves experimentally inoculated with Trich-phyton verrucosum. Veterinary Dermatol-ogy 12: pp. 75 - 80. 2001.

Nagothu, Udaya Sekhar Fuelwood and fodder extraction and defor-estation: mainstream views in India dis-cussed on the basis of data from the semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Geoforum 32: pp. 319 - 332. 2001. ISSN 0016-7185.

Oba, Gufu; Kotile, D.G.Assessments of landscape level degrada-tion in southern Ethiopia: pastoralists versus ecologists. Land degradation & devel-opment 12(5): pp. 461-475. 2001. ISSN 1099-145x.

Oba, Gufu; Nordal, Inger; Stenseth, Nils Chr.; Stave, Jørn; Bjorå, Charlott S.; Muthondeki, Josphat K.; Bii, William K.A. Growth performance of exotic and indige-nous tree species in saline soils in Turkana, Kenya. Journal of arid environments 47: pp. 499 - 511. 2001. ISSN 0140-1963.

Oba, Gufu; Vetaas, Ole R.; Stenseth, Nils C.Relationships between biomass and plant species richness in arid-zone grazing lands.

Journal of Applied Ecology 38: pp. 836 - 845. 2001. ISSN 0021-8901.

Oba, Gufu; Post, Eric; Stenseth, Nils C. Sub-saharan desertification and productiv-ity are linked to hemispheric climate vari-ability. Global Change Biology 7: pp. 241 - 246. 2001. ISSN 1354-1013.

Oba, Gufu The effect of multiple droughts on cattle in Obbu, Northern Kenya. Journal of Arid Environments 49(2): pp. 375-386. 2001. ISSN 0140-1963.

The importance of pastoralists’ indigenous coping strategies for planning drought management in the arid zone of Kenya. Nomadic peoples 5(1): pp. 87 -117. 2001. ISSN 0822-7942.

Shanmugaratnam, N. On the meaning of development: an explo-ration of the capability approach. Forum for development studies 28(2): pp. 263-288. 2001. ISSN 0803-9410.

Stave, J.; Oba, Gufu; Stenseth, N.C. Temporal changes in woody-plant use and the ekwar indigenous tree management system along the Turkwel River, Kenya. Environmental conservation 28(2): pp. 150 - 159. 2001. ISSN 0376-8929.

Tin, H.Q.; Berg, Trygve; Bjørnstad, Åsmund Diversity and adaptation in rice varieties under static (ex situ) and dynamic (in situ) management. A case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Euphytica 122(3): pp. 491-502. 2001. ISSN 0014-2336.

Tolera, Adugna; Sundstøl, Frik Prediction of feed intake, digestibility and growth rate of sheep fed basal diets of maize stover supplemented with Desmodium intor-tum hay from dry matter degradability of the diets. Livestock Production Science 68:pp. 13-23. 2001. ISSN 0301-6226.

Tollersrud, Tore; Berge, Torun; Andersen, Svein Rune; Lund, Arve Imaging the surface of Staphylococcus aureus by atomic force microscopy. Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunolog-ica Scandinavica (APMIS) 109: pp. 541 - 545. 2001. ISSN 0903-4641.

Tollersrud, Tore; Zernichow, Lillian; Andersen, Svein Rune; Kenny, Kevin; Lund, Arve

Publications

Scientific publications by Noragric staff in 2001 amounted to 27 articles in interna-tional refereed journals, 9 books and book chapters, and 64 conference papers and popular scientific publications. The publi-cation prizes, one for outstanding scientific publication and one for popular scientific publication, were awarded to Gufu Oba and to Cary Fowler, respectively, for their publications in 2001.

Gufu Oba

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Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysac-charide type 5 conjugate and whole cell vaccines stimulate antibody responses in cattle. Vaccine 19(28-29): pp. 3896 - 3903. 2001. ISSN 0264-410x.

Vegara, Mensur External and typological caracteristics of horses from Cazin region. ”Savremena Poljoprivreda” - Contemporary Agriculture, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia 50(3-4): pp. 309-313. 2001. ISSN 0350-1205.

Genetic polymorphism of hemoglobin of the Bosnian native Pramenka sheep (Dubska). ”Savremena Poljoprivreda” - Contemporary Agriculture, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia 50(3-4): pp. 59-62. 2001. ISSN 0350-1205. Horsebreeding and perspectives for its development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ”Savremena Poljoprivreda” - Contemporary Agriculture, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia 50(3-4): pp. 305-307. 2001. ISSN 0350-1205.

Wiig, Henrik; Aune, Jens B.; Glomsrød, Solveig; Iversen, Vegard Structural adjustment and soil degradation in Tanzania. A CGE model with endogenous soil productivity. Agricultural Economics 24: pp. 263 - 287. 2001. ISSN 0169-5150.

Articles in other scientific journals, anthologies and publications

Ali, JawadThe Sustainable Forestry Programme in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 70 - 76. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Andersen, Ingunn; Shanmugaratnam, N.MNRSA alumni build networks to promote common interests. In: Haug, Ruth; Teur-lings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural devel-opment. pp. 92 - 95. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Aune, Jens B.; Grimstad, SidselThe Sahel Sudan Ethiopia (SEE) Pro-gramme: impact of Norwegian NGO projects on food security, environmental rehabilitation and institution building. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Suc-cesses in rural development. pp. 46 - 52. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Ayele, Abiye A.; Aune, Jens B.Technical options for agricultural develop-ment in the Ethiopian Highlands: A model of crop-livestock interactions. In: Heerink, N.; Keulen, H. van; Kuiper, M. (ed.), Economic policy and sustainable land use. Recent advances in quantitative analysis for devel-oping countries. pp. 49 - 58. Springer-Ver-lag, 2001. ISBN 3-7908-1351-6.

Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Lund, ChristianPolitics, property and production: Under-standing natural resources management in the West African Sahel. In: Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Lund, Christian (ed.), Politics, property and production in the West African Sahel. Understanding natural resources manage-ment. pp. 6 - 21. Stockholm: Nordiska Afri-kainstitutet, 2001. ISBN 91-7106-476-1.

Berg, TrygveNorwegian support to Awassa College of Agriculture, Ethiopia. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurl-ings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural devel-opment. pp. 96-100. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Bergstrøm, CassandraThe South Luangwa: a community wildlife management programme. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 14 - 19. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Cassaday, Kelly; Smale, Melinda; Fowler, Cary; Heisey, Paul W.Benefits From Giving and Receiving Genetic Resources: The Case of Wheat. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter (127): 1-10. 2001.

Child, Brian; Bergstrøm, CassandraCommunity Wildlife Management in Zambia: testing indicators of sustianable use in a case study of South Luangwa. In: Lessons Learned: Case Studies in Sustainable Use. IUCN, 2001.

Christoffersen, Leif E.EARTH University: a private endowed agri-cultural university with a social concience, environmental commitment, and entrepre-neurial orientation. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural develop-ment. pp. 84 - 87. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Ellingsen, Liv; Yousuf, MohammadInformation and documentation. In: Annual progress report 2000. High altitude inte-

grated natural resource management. Report 9. pp. 25-27. Aga Khan Rural Sup-port Programme, Baltistan/Norges land-brukshøgskole, 2001. ISSN 1501-5947.

Fowler, CaryRechte an geistigen Eigentum und pflan-zengenetische Ressourcen. In: Klaffen-böck, Gertrude; Lachkovics, Eva (ed.), Biologische Vielfalt: wer kontrolliert die glo-balen genetischen Ressourcen. pp. 43 - 59. Frankfurt am Main/Wien: Brandes & Apsel/Südwind, 2001. ISBN 3-86099-219-8.

Francis, Julius; Bryceson, IanTanzanian coastal and marine resources: some examples illustrating questions of sustainable use. In: Lessons learned - Case Studies in Sustainable Use. pp. 76-102, IUCN, 2001.

Haug, RuthConsultative Group for International Agri-cultural Research (CGIAR). In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 34 - 39. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, JosieIntroduction: Successes in rural develop-ment. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 9 - 13. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Jørgensen, IvarForestry projects in Uganda : the National Biomass Study and the Forestry Education Programmes. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural develop-ment. pp. 28 - 33. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Larsen, Kjersti; Johnsen, Fred H.The Um Jawasir Project, Sudan: irrigated agriculture and repatriation of displaced nomads. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 53 - 58. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Lund, ArveFIFAMANOR: a research and extension project contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Vakinankaratra, Mada-gascar. In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Successes in rural development. pp. 20 - 27. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

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Nyborg, Ingrid; Farman, Kulsoom; Aqil, GulcheenGender, resource management and liveli-hood security. In: Annual progress report 2000. High Altitude Integrated Natural Resource Management. Report 9. pp. 23-24. Aga Khan Rural Support Pro-gramme, Baltistan/Norges landbrukshøg-skole, 2001. ISSN 1501-5947.

Shiferaw, Bekele; Holden, Stein; Aune, Jens BerntPopulation Pressure and Land Degrada-tion in the Ethiopian Highlands: A Bio-Economic Model with Endogenous Soil Degradation. In: Economic Policy and Sus-tainable Land use - Recent Advances in Quantitative Analysis for Developing Coun-tries. pp. 73 - 92. Holland: Springer, 2001. ISBN 3-7908-1351-6. ISSN 1431-1933.

Sjøflot, LarsRural development in Latvia (RDL). In: Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (ed.), Suc-cesses in rural development. pp. 77 - 83. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Steinsholt, Håvard; Raza, Mohammad; Wisborg, Poul; Sevatdal, HansInstitutions and organisations in pasture and forestry management. In: Annual progress report 2000. High Altitude Integrated Nat-ural Resource Management. Report 9. pp. 6-7. Skardu/Ås: Aga Khan Rural Sup-port Programme, Baltistan/Norges land-brukshøgskole, 2001. ISSN 1501-5947.

Vedeld, Pål Green, greener? Turning grey into green. The Sadguru land and water resource project in Gujarat, India. Waterlands News (Quarterly Newsletter) Society for Promo-tion of Wastelands Development (SPWD) XVI(4): pp. 54 -59. 2001. ISSN 0970-9762.

Vedeld, TrondHistory, continuity and change in Fulani resource regimes. In: Politics, property and production in the West African Sahel. Understanding natural resources manage-ment. pp. 117-143. Uppsala: Nordiska Afri-kainstitutet, 2001. ISBN 91-7106-476-1.

Published presentations/posters at scientific conferences

Nawab, Bahadar; Esser, Kjell; Jan, M. Rasul; Ullah, ZakirCombating chemical pollution by natural regenerative processes (constructed wet-

lands). In: Proceedings of the 1st Inter-national and 11th National Chemistry Conference. 1st International and 11th National Chemistry Conference, Depart-ment of Chemistry, University of Pesha-war, Peshawar, Pakistan, 10-14 October, 2001.

Oba, Gufu; Kotile, D.G.Assessments of landscape level changes in Southern Ethiopia: pastoralists vs ecologists. In: http://www.capri.cgiar.org/status.asp#rangeland. International Confer-ence on Policy and Institutional Options for the Management of Rangelands in Dry Areas, Hammamet, Tunisia, 11 May 2001.

Synnevåg, GryAn interdisciplinary approach to post-graduate education in natural resource management and sustainable agriculture: experiences from Noragric’s M.Sc. Pro-gramme: Management of Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture (MNRSA). In: Proceedings of a workshop on post-grad-uate training for improving agricultural production, products, food security and household income in SADC countries, Uni-versity of Pretoria, South Africa, 26-28 Sep-tember 2001. pp. 26-31. SACCAR, ISBN 1-86854-422-2. Post-graduate Training for Improving Agricultural Production, Prod-ucts, Food Security and Household Income in SADC Countries, Pretoria, South Africa, 26-28 September 2001.

Nyborg, IngridIndicators for Measuring Food Security: A Case Study from Ethiopia. In: Methodology for Agricultural Reseach Impact Assess-ment. Workshop for TARP II Research Project, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro,Tanzania.

Rijal, Deepak Kumar; Rana, R.B; Upadhyay, K.D.; Joshi, K.D.; Gauchan, D.; Subedi, A.; Mudwari, A.; Khatiwada, S.P.; Sthapit, B.R.Adding benefits to local crop diversity as a sustainable means of on-farm conserva-tion: a case study of an in situ project in Nepal. In: An exchange of experiences from South and South East Asia: proceed-ings of the International Symposium on Par-ticipatory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement. pp. 117-126. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, ISBN 958-694-040-3. Participa-tory Plant Breeding and Participatory Plant Genetic Resource Enhancement (interna-tional symposium), Pokhara, Nepal, 1-5 May, 2000.

Sundstøl, Frik; Mpofu, N.Improvement of teaching material for higher education and post-graduate training in the agricultural sector. In: Proceedings of a Workshop on Post-Graduate Training in the Agricultural Production, Products, Food Security and Household Income in SADC Countries, Pretoria, South Africa, 26-28 September 2001. Pp. 64-67. Workshop on Post-Graduate Training in the Agricul-tural Production, Products, Food Security and Household Income in SADC Coun-tries, Pretoria, South Africa, 26-28 Septem-ber, 2001.

Shanmugaratnam, N.Forced migration and changing local polit-ical economies: a study from north-west-ern Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings international seminar: Reframing Post-Conflict Rehabili-tation; Beyond Clichés from the Past. The Hague, 16 February, 2001. Presentations/posters at scientific conferences with/without abstracts

Benjaminsen, Tor A. Forørkningsmytens bærekraft. Senter for utvikling og miljø - 10 år, Jubileumsmarker-ing, Oslo, 29 March, 2001.

Landreform i Namaqualand, Sør-Afrika: Hvem sitt miljø, hvem sin utvikling? In: Abstracts - NGS seminar 2001. 7. Bergen: Endringsprosesser og konflikter i et geografisk perspektiv, Scandic Hotel Bergen City, 19-20 April, 2001.

Perceptions of landscape change: A com-parative analysis of European and African environments. In: Landskap i endring. Hvilke forskningsutfordringer gir sam-funnsutviklingen? p. 28. Oslo: Norges Fors-kningsråd, ISBN 82-12-01556-4. Landskap i endring, Radisson SAS, Oslo Plaza, 27-28 March, 2001.

Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Sjaastad, Espen Race for the prize: Land transactions and rent appropriation in the Malian cotton zone. Formalisation and informalisation of land and water rights in Africa, Skodsborg, Den-mark, 6-7 September, 2001.

Bryceson, Ian Coastal aquaculture developments in Tan-zania: sustainable and non-sustainable experiences. Dedicated to the memory of Adelaida Semesi. Second WIOMSA Scien-tific Symposium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 22-27 October, 2001.

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Fowler, CaryPlant genetic resources: recent devel-opments in policy and law. European Cooperative Programme in Plant Genetic Resources, Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, 16 October, 2001.

CGIAR centres and their germplasm col-lections: clarifying their status in the inter-national undertaking negotiations at FAO. Genetic Resources Policy Committee of the CGIAR, Aurangabad, India, 22 Febru-ary, 2001.

Outstanding issues in the FAO international undertaking negotiations. Programme Plan-ning Committee, IPGRI, Accra, Ghana, 20 June 2001.

Policy issues in plant genetic resources. Ghana Conference on Genetic Resources, Accra, Ghana, 21 June, 2001.

Haug, Ruth Food security: How to secure poor men and women access to food? NORADs regionale bistandskonferanse, NLH, Ås, 8 March, 2001.

Haug, Ruth; Rauan, Estrellita Discourses of Development and Dis-courses of Human Rights: Poverty Reduc-tion and Food as Human Right in Africa. Annual Conference of the Norwegian Coun-cil for Higher Education’s Programme for Development Research (NUFU), Tromsø, 13-14 November, 2001.

Hongslo, Eirin; Benjaminsen, Tor A. Transforming landscapes to ”nothing”: Narratives on land reform by commercial farmers in Namibia. Annual Conference of the Norwegian Council for Higher Education’s Programme for Development Research (NUFU), Tromsø, 13-14 Novem-ber, 2001.

Jørgensen, Ivar Restructuring the State Forest organisa-tion in Norway. From department to inde-pendent corporation. The Oslo Workshop on financing sustainable forest manage-ment. Organised by CIFOR, 22-25 Janu-ary, 2001, Oslo.

Larsen, Kjersti Change, continuity and contestation: the politics of modern identities in Zanzibar. The Fifth Anglo-French Swahili Workshop, London, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), 13-15 September, 2001.

Forskning og utvikling: hvor viktig er kunnskap for vellykket handling. NORADs regionale bistandskonferanse, Norges landbrukshøgskole, Ås, 8 March 2001.

Gender, Islam and human rights in Africa and the Middle East. Norfra Workshop, The Carsten Niebuhr Institute, Copenhagen, 31 March-1 April, 2001.

Initiation rituals, suppression and power? Researching gender in Zanzibar. Research as Revision: Practices and the Theories in Cross-Cultural Gender Research, Oxford, CCCRW, University of Oxford, 22 February, 2001.

Molapong, Keoagile; Sundstøl, Frik; Nkhori, Salani Post-graduate training in view of the SACCAR Strategy for 2001-2005. Work-shop on Post-graduate Training for Improv-ing Agricultural Production, Products, Food Security and Household Income in SADC Countries, Pretoria, South Africa, 26-29 September, 2001.

Synnevåg, Gry Matvaresikkerhet: hvordan sikre fattige kvinner og menn tilgang på mat? NORADs regionale bistandskonferanse, NLH, Ås, 8 March, 2001.

Wollny, C.B.A.; Sundstøl, Frik; Molapong, K.; Kayumba, F.; Nkhori, S. The role of post-graduate training coordi-nated by the Southern Africa Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural Research and Training (SACCAR). Conference on Inter-faces between University and Society, Cape Town, 11-16 March, 2001.

Monographs, educational books and anthologies

Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Lund, ChristianPolitics, property and production in the West African Sahel. Understanding natural resources management. Stockholm: Nord-iska Afrikainstitutet, p. 333. ISBN 91-7106-476-1.

Shanmugaratnam, N.Forced migration and changing local polit-ical economies: a study from North-West-ern Sri Lanka. Colombo: Social Scientist’s Association, Sri Lanka; Noragric, p. 67. ISBN 955-9102-43-5.

Syrstad, Ola; Moen, ThomasForvaltning av genetiske resursar. Oslo:

GAN Forlag AS, p. 94. ISBN 82-492-0222-8.

Reports, compendiums and PhD dissertations

Abeli, W.S.; Johnsen, Fred Håkon Review of the co-operation between Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and the Agricultural University of Norway (NLH) in the period 1996-2001 and proposed framework for 2001-2006. A report submit-ted to the 6th SUA/NLH Steering Commit-tee meeting held on 17 September 2001 at Ås, Norway. NLH, Ås, 2001. 21 pp.

Alberts, Tom; Baires, Olga; Ennals, Alice Review of agricultural extension and research project - INTA 2001: Nicaragua. Noragric Report No. 3. Noragric/NLH, Ås, October, 2001. 44 pp. ISSN 1502-8127.

Berg, Trygve; Dibissa, Martha Strengthening of seed supply systems at the local level. Appraisal of a proposed FAO/Norway Cooperative Project in Ethio-pia. Report to NORAD. 2001. 18 pp.

Doumbia, Mamadou D.; Berthe, Abou; Aune, Jens Bernt Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM): practical testing of technologies with farmers groups. DCG Report No.14A, Drylands Coordination Group, 2001. 20 pp.

Engels, J.; Hodgkin, T.; Thormann, I.; Robinson, J.; Fowler, Cary Proposed crops for the multilateral system: centres of diversity, location of ex situ collections, and major producing coun-tries. Rome: FAO, Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2001.

Esser, Kjell Vurdering av ”The African Academy of Sci-ences” og søknadene ”Capacity Building in Soil and Water Management” og ”Afri-can Journals Support and Development Centre”. Noragric/NLH, 2001. 17 pp.

Fowler, Cary Report of the Expert Panel on Crops to be included in the Multilateral System. Rome: FAO, 2001.

Petit, Michael; Fowler, Cary; Collins, Wanda; Correa, Carlos and Thornström, Carl-Gustaf Why governments can’t make policy: The

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case of plant genetic resources in the inter-national arena, 2001. ISBN 92-9060-218-X. 80 pp.

Haug, Ruth; Rauan, Estrellita Operationalising the right to food in Africa. Noragric Report No. 2. Noragric/NLH, Ås, September, 2001. 41 pp. ISSN 1502-8127.

Haug, Ruth; Teurlings, Josie (eds.)Successes in rural development. Noragric, Centre for International Environment and Development Studies, 2001. 106 pp. ISBN 82-92277-00-5.

Johnsen, Fred Håkon Evaluation of a series of seminars on micro-finance organised by the Norwegian Devel-opment Network. Noragric/NLH, 2001.16 pp.

Jørgensen, Ivar; Kayambazinthu, Dennis; Kamoto, Judith; Høystad, Einar Evaluation of the Blantyre City Fuelwood Project, September 2001. Noragric Report No. 4. Noragric/NLH, October, 2001. 66 pp. ISSN 1502-8127.

Jørgensen, Ivar; Sainju, Mohan Man; Kievelitz, Uwe; Wenhua, Li; Ramola, Bharti Gupta Third Quinquennial Review of the Inter-national Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). Report of find-ings, conclusions and recommendations of the third QQR panel. Kathmandu: ICIMOD review panel, 2001. 162 pp.

Kebebew, F.; Synnevåg, Gry Traditional coping strategies of the Afar and Borana pastoralists in response to drought. DCG Report 17, Drylands Coordi-nation Group, 2001. 54 pp.

Kebede, Fasil; Berhanu, Gidey; Shylenda, H.S.; Gebrehiwot, Kindeya; Wisborg, Poul; Bose, Purabi; Saxena, Rakesh; Shanker, Ravi; Tewoldeberhan, Sara; Gebrejohannes, Teklehaimanot; Nagothu, Sekhar; Tilahun, Yibabie A comparative study of common pool resource management with respect to forest and natural regeneration in Ethiopia and India: summary report 1998-2000. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. 38 pp.

Larsen, Kjersti Forced to migrate - told to return: the case

of the Hawaweer pastoral nomads of North-ern Sudan. Noragric Working Paper No. 23. Noragric/NLH, Ås, 2001. 26 pp. ISSN 0809-4934.

Larsen, Kjersti; Hassan, Manal Perceptions of knowledge and coping strat-egies in nomadic communities: the case of the Hawawir in Northern Sudan. Drylands Coordination Group Report No. 15. DCG Report 15, Drylands Coordination Group, 2001. 25 pp.

Nyborg, Ingrid Agricultural Research Impact Assessment: Baseline Data Collection Manual. 2001.

Oba, Gufu The Turkana sites of Kenya: report on eval-uation of biodiversity in cross borders of East Africa for FAO. Noragric/NLH, 2001. 32 pp.

Rohde, R. F.; Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Hoffman, M. T. Land reform in Namaqualand: Poverty alle-viation, stepping stones and ’economic units’. Occasional Paper Series, 16. Cape Town: School of Government, University of Western Cape, 2001. 30 pp. ISBN 1-86808-506-6.

Sandlund, O.T.; Bryceson, Ian; Carvalho, Demetrio de; Rio, Narve; Silva, Joana da Assessing environmental needs and priori-ties in East Timor: final report. Trondheim: UNDP; NINA, 2001. 73 pp. ISBN 82-426-1223-4.

Shanker, Ravi; Kebede, Fasil; Saxena, Rakesh; Gebrejohannes, Teklehaimanot; Berhanu, Gidey; Wisborg, Poul A comparative study of common pool resource management with respect to forest and natural regeneration in Ethiopia and India : progress report 2000. Noragric, Ås, 2001. 48 pp.

Shanmugaratnam, N. Linking peace and development in Sri Lanka: facing the challenges. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Institute of Social Development, 2001. VI, 32 pp. ISBN 955-8570-00-1.

Steinsholt, Håvard; Wisborg, Poul; Ali, Jawad Institutions and organisations in pasture and forest management - Field Report

2001. High Altitude Integrated Natural Resource Management, Noragric/NLH, 2001. 35 pp.

Sundstøl, Frik; Wollny, Clemens; Stroebel, Aldo; Swanepoel, Frans Post-graduate Training for Improving Agri-cultural Production, Products, Food Security and Household Income in SADC Countries. Pretoria, South Africa: SACCAR, University of Pretoria and GTZ, 2001. 106 pp. ISBN 1-86854-422-2.

Syrstad, Ola C.H. Jensenius - landbrukslærar, stata-gronom og forfattar. Jord og gjerning 2001. Norwegian Agricultural Museum, 2001. ISBN 82-92167-01-3. ISSN 0801-7123.

Feavlsstriden 1875-1905. Jord og gjern-ing 2001. Norwegian Agricultural Museum, 2001. ISBN 82-92167-01-3. ISSN 0801- 7123.

Oluf Thesen den første norske læreren ved Aas høiere Landbrugsskole. Follo-minne: årbok, 39. Drøbak: Follo Historielag, 2001. pp. 89-93 ISBN82-90377-25-8. ISSN 0333-337x.

Teurlings, Josie; Nyborg, Ingrid; Raza, Mohammad Annual progress report 2000. High Alti-tude Integrated Natural Resource Man-agement. Report 9. Skardu/Ås: Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, Baltistan/Norges landbrukshøgskole, 2001. 43 pp. ISSN 1501-5947.

Vedeld, Pål; Fretheim, Atle; Mørkved, Berit Environment and development in India. A background report for Norway’s envi-ronmental co-operation with India. Norag-ric Report No.1-B. Noragric/NLH, October, 2001. 77 pp. ISSN 1502-8127.

Environmental position paper. Norway’s co-operation with India. Noragric Report, No.1. Noragric/NLH, August, 2001. 77 pp. ISSN 1502-8127.

Vedeld, Trond Participation in project preparation: les-sons from World Bank-assisted projects in India. World Bank discussion paper, 423. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2001. 64 pp. ISBN 0-8213-4932-5. ISSN 0259-210X.

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Noragric BoardAugust E. Røsnes, Department for Land Use and Landscapechair Planning, NLHHallstein Grønstøl, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine deputy chair (NVH)Judith Narvhus Department of Food Science, NLHPer Dæhlen The Royal Norwegian Society for DevelopmentStein Hansen Nordic Consultants GroupTrygve Berg NoragricTorunn Lindstad NoragricLeif Tore Trædal Student, NLH Deputies Elin Enge Norwegian Peoples AidStåle Navrud Department of Economics and Social Sciences, NLHKjell Esser NoragricØyrunn Hankø Wang Noragric

Senior AdvisorLeif E. Christoffersen

ManagementThor S. Larsen Director (until 31.7.01)Ruth Haug Director (from 1.11.01) Director of Research (until 31.10.01)Elizabeth de Jong Deputy Director/Head of AdministrationIan Bryceson Interim Director of Research (from 1.11.01)Ivar Jørgensen Director of Programmes and OperationsGry Synnevåg Director of Education

Research and Education staffRuth Haug Director of Research (until 31.10.01)Gry Synnevåg Director of EducationIngunn AndersenJens B. AuneTor A. BenjaminsenTrygve BergIan BrycesonKjell EsserCary FowlerFred Håkon JohnsenRandi KaarhusKjersti Larsen (20% from 16.9.01)Thor Larsen (from 1.8.01)Arve LundGufu ObaEstrellita RauanN. ShanmugaratnamEspen SjaastadLars SjøflotFrik SundstølOla Syrstad (professor emeritus)Josie TeurlingsPaul Vedeld (from 10.2.01)Mensur Vegara

PhD studentsJawad AliCassandra BergstrømAud Marit EsbensenShushan W. GhirmaiØyvind HansenDarley JoseFrøydis KvaløyElisabeth MoltebergDismas MwasebaIngrid NyborgDeepak RijalBayush TsegayeBalesh TulemaPoul Wisborg

Programmes and Operations staffIvar Jørgensen Director of Programmes and OperationsGrete BenjaminsenSileshi DejeneAlice Ennals (from 1.5.01)Sidsel GrimstadSynne MovikAregay Waktola

Who’s Who at Noragric

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Accounts and FinancesSidsel GulbrandsenAnne KiøsterudPeter Bjørn Nielsen

Information Management GroupLibraryIngeborg BrandtzægLiv Ellingsen

InformationJoanna Boddens-Hosang

IT sectionLars ØimoenEvi Jørgensen

Internal ServicesTorunn LindstadAnne Ringlund (until 31.7.01)Øyrunn Hankø Wang

MSc students

Graduates 2000Radha Karki AdhikaryDereje Teklehaimanot AsefaKakayi Mary BikingiOswin Chifungwe ChibingaMariela Covault TyrihjellSigrid de BarbentaneSunil Prasad DhoubhadelTaye Hailu FeyisaAwet Kidane GebrehiwotShova GurungEirin HongsloElijah KajubiZiaul KarimGerald Singano MagiliArnold Lucas MapinduziYubaraj MaskeyJosephine Theobald MeelaDebbasu Meselu AmareFadhili Hamza MgumiaFelister Michael MomboClyton MoyoHarriet Barunga MpindiSelma NangulaGosiame Neo-Mahupeleng

Thi Le Hoa NguyenSusan Abalo OpokMaria Victoria Picado CajinaWedage Ranjanee SamaranayakeEdgard Herrera ScottPrasanna Man ShresthaDavy SiameMamta Kumari SinghKrishnapillai SooriyakumarNaresh SubediNguyen Huy TaiThi Thu Ha TranFikre Ukbaab BarakiHaftu Woldu Teshalle

Committees

Education CommitteeGry Synnevåg, chairKjell Esser, deputyJens AuneTor A. BenjaminsenGufu ObaPaul VedeldAsser SheuyangeShiva Hari AdhikariMarte Sletten, deputySecretary: Josie Teurlings

Research CommitteeRuth Haug, chair (until 1.10.01)Ian Bryceson, deputy (chair from 1.10.01)Tor A. Benjaminsen (from 1.10.01)Kjell EsserFred H. JohnsenKjersti LarsenJawad Ali, PhD student (until 1.6.01)Cassandra Bergstrøm, PhD student (from 1.6.01)Secretary: Josie Teurlings

Communication CommitteeJoanna Boddens-Hosang, chairLiv EllingsenEvi JørgensenLars ØimoenGrete BenjaminsenIngrid Nyborg/Arve Lund+ alternate representatives from Research and Education staff

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AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (Pakistan)BIBSYS (integrated Norwegian library system)CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural ResearchCMI Chr. Michelsen Institute (Bergen, Norway)CPR common pool resource managementCAAS College of Agriculture and Aquatic Studies (Eritrea)CBO Community based organisationDCG Drylands Coordination Group (Norway)DGIS Directorate-General for International Cooperation (Netherlands)EADI European Association for Development Research and Training InstitutesEU European UnionFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGEF Global Environment FacilityGVU Global Virtual UniversityICLARM The World Fish Centre ICRAF International Centre for Research in AgroforestryIFAG International Forestry Advisory Group (FAO)IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources InstituteISF Department of Forest Sciences (NLH)ITF Department of Agricultural Engineering (NLH)IØS Department of Economics and Social Sciences (NLH)IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources - The World Conservation UnionMANREN Management of Natural Resources and Environment (MSc course, Noragric, NLH)MFA Ministry of Foreign AffairsMNRSA Management of Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture (MSc programme Noragric)NAP National Action PlanNARI Norwegian Agricultural Research InstitutesNFR Norwegian Research Council NGO Non-governmental organisationNINA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (Trondheim, Norway)NLH Agricultural University of NorwayNODE Norwegian Consortium for Development and Environment (CMI, NINA, Noragric)NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development CooperationNORFAD Norwegian Forum for Agricultural Development (formerly Agronor)NRF National Research Foundation (South Africa)NUFU Norwegian Council for Higher Education’s Programme for Development ResearchNVH Norwegian College of Veterinary MedicinePLAAS Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies (University of Western Cape, South Africa)PRSP Poverty reduction strategy paperSACCAR Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training SADC Southern African Development CommunitySEVU Centre for Continuing Education (NLH)SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation AgencySNV The Royal Norwegian Society for Development SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture (Tanzania) SUM Centre for Development and the Environment (University of Oslo)TARP Tanzania Agricultural Research ProgrammeUKS Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Competence Centre UNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services

Acronyms

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NORAGRICCentre for International Environment and Development StudiesAgricultural University of NorwayP.O. Box 5001N-1432 ÅsNorway

Phone: +47 64 94 99 50 Fax: +47 64 94 07 60E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.nlh.no/noragric

Centre for International Environment and Development Studies

AGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY OF NORWAY

Documents

and Development Studies Centre for International Environment · Noragric, the Centre for International Environment and . Development Studies. Established in 1986, Noragric is the